WHAT ELSE HAS BEEN CHANGING?

FACES OF THE NATION

TRANSFORMATIVE CHANGES?

CONSTITUTION

IMMIGRATION

INTERNATIONAL ROLE

PEOPLE

BILL OF RIGHTS

FREEDOM OF RELIGION

PRESS

SPEECH

RIGHT TO PEACEFUL ASSEMBLY

RIGHT TO PETITION GOVERNMENT

1ST AMENDMENT

MORE AMENDMENTS

BILL OF RIGHTS: 2-10

2ND RIGHT TO BEAR ARMS

3RD RIGHT NOT TO PROVIDE QUARTERS FOR SOLDIERS OR HAVE SEIZURES

4TH RIGHT TO BE FREE FROM UNREASONABLE SEIZURES AND SEARCHES

5TH RIGHT TO GRAND JURY, NO DOUBLE JEOPERDY OR SELF INCRIMINATION, AND RIGHT TO DUE PROCESS OF THE LAW

6TH RIGHT TO KNOW CHARGES, TO HAVE LAWYER, WITNESSES & BE THERE TO HEAR WITNESSES (Habeas corpus?)

7TH RIGHT TO JURY TRIAL IN CIVIL CASES

8TH FREEDOM FROM EXCESSIVE BAIL AND CRUEL AND UNSUSUAL PUNISHMENT

9TH GUARANTEE OF RIGHTS NOT LISTED IN THE CONSTITUTION

10TH RIGHTS OF STATES AND PEOPLE

OTHER TRANSFORMATIVE AMENDMENTS

11TH STATE SOVEREIGNITY AGAINST SUIT

12TH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION PROCEDURES

13TH ABOLITION OF SLAVERY

14TH FREEDOM FROM DISCRIMINATION AND RIGHT OF EQUAL PROTECTION

15TH RIGHTS OF BLACKS TO VOTE

16TH POWER OF CONGRESS TO IMPOSE TAX ON INCOMES.

19TH RIGHT OF WOMEN TO VOTE

22ND LIMIT OF THE PRESIDENCY

26TH RIGHT OF 18 YEAR OLD TO VOTE

BROADEST ETHNIC DIVERSITY

NATION OF IMMIGRANTS

18TH CENTURY

CITIZENSHIP NATURALIZATION WAS OFFERED TO“FREE WHITE PERSONS OF GOOD CHARACTER” ONLY

19TH CENTURY

CITIZENSHIP WAS GRANTED TO EVERY ONE BORN IN THE UNITED STATES INCLUDING BLACKS EXCEPT CHILDREN OF DIPLOMATS AND ASIANS (RESIDENCY WAS ALLOWED)

20TH CENTURYEARLY

LITERACY REQUIREMENTS AND COUNTRY QUOTA SYSTEM WAS ESTABLISHED FAVORING NORTHERN EUROPEANS OVER EASTERNERS AND SOUTHERNERS; ALLOWED POST CARD WIVES FOR JAPANESE MALES IN HAWAII AND WEST COAST.

NATION OF IMMIGRANTS

20TH CENTURYLATER

-FAMILY PREFERENCE AND SKILLS IN DEMAND WERE ESTABLISHED WITHOUT RESTRICTION ON RACE OR COUNTRY OF ORIGIN.

- REFUGEE IMMIGRATION PROCEDURES WERE ESTABLISHED FOR AN ANNUAL CEILING OF 50,000.

- ASYLUM PROGRAM WAS ESTABLISHED WITHOUT QUOTA BUT HIGHLY RESTRICTIVE

- A LOTTERY SYSTEM TO ENCOURAGE LESS REPRESENTED ETHNIC GROUPS WAS ESTABLISHED EXCLUDING COUNTRIES THAT SOURCED 50,000 IMMIGRANTS IN LAST 5 YEARS. THERE ARE COUNTRY QUOTAS ATTACHED.

21ST CENTURYEARLY

THE DREAM ACT AND GUEST WORKER PROGRAMS ARE LARGELY STILL ON THE DRAWING BOARD

DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES

ETHNICITY 1990 2000 %AGE CHANGE

TOTAL POPULATION 248.7M 281.4M 13

AFRICAN AMERICAN 23.8M 24.9M 4.9

ASIAN AMERICAN 6.8M 10.1M 47.6

AFRICANS 1.4M 3.1M 121.4

MEXICAN AMERICAN 11.58 18.38 58.7

LATINO AMERICANS 4.04 6.72 66.3

DEMOGRAPHICS TODAY& TOMORROW

CREDITORS TO US GOVERNMENT