amended scoping report - royal haskoningdhv scoping report.pdf · amended environmental scoping...

AMENDED ENVIRONMENTAL SCOPING REPORT AND ENVIRONMENTAL PLAN OF

STUDY FOR THE PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION OF THE 132/11KV SUB-TRANSMISSION

LINE FROM HILLTOP TO THE REST IN NELPSRUIT, MPUMALANGA PROVINCE

DEA REF NO: 12/12/20/1725

ESKOM DISTRIBUTION NORTHERN REGION

27 AUGUST 2010

Hilltop to The Rest 132kV Sub-Transmission line

E02.JNB.000540

Eskom Distribution Northern Region

02

8/27/2010

Bohlweki-SSI Environmental

of 2

DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION

Client: Eskom Distribution Northern Region

Report name: Amended Environmental Scoping Report And Environmental

Plan Of Study For The Proposed Construction Of The

132/11kV Sub-Transmission Line From Hilltop To The Rest

In Nelpsruit, Mpumalanga Province

Report type: Environmental Scoping Report

Project name: Hilltop to The Rest 132kV Sub-Transmission line

Bohlweki Project number: E02.JNB.000540

Document number: 01

Authority Reference: 12/12/20/1725

Version: 02

Compiled by:

Author (s) Date / location Signature

Sibongile Gumbi June

Reviewer

Nomathemba Mhlanga July

Approval


E02.JNB.000540


02

8/27/2010


of 3

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION 7

1.1. Project Description 7

1.2. Location of the Study Area 7

1.3. Environmental Authorisation Requirements 9

1.4. Structure of this Report 9

2 PARTICULARS OF THE EAP AND PROJECT TEAM 10

3 TECHNICAL DETAILS OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT 11

3.1. 132/11kV Substation 11

3.2. 132kV Towers Servitudes 12

3.3. Communication Tower 12

3.4. Clearance of 132kV Sub-Transmission Lines 13

3.5. Foundations 13

3.6. Insulators 13

3.7. Access 13

3.8. Conductor 13

3.9. Stringing of Conductors 13

4 ALTERNATIVES 15

4.1. Substation Location Alternatives 15

4.2. Sub-Transmission Line Route Alternatives 15

4.3. The No go Option 15

5 LEGAL REQUIREMENTS 17

6 SCOPE OF ENVIRONMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS 21

6.1. Approach to Undertaking the Study 21

6.2 Authority Consultation 21

6.3. Environmental Scoping Study 21

7 DESCRIPTION OF THE POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES 22

7.1. Climate 22

7.2. Topography 22

7.3. Specialists Studies 24

7.4. Avifauna 24

7.4.1 Description of Impacts of the powerlines on birds 24

7.5 Biodiversity 26

7.5.1 Direct Impacts 26

7.5.2 Indirect Impacts 27

7.5.3. Cumulative Impacts 28

7.6. Herpetofauna 29

7.7. Heritage 30

7.8. Social 33

8 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION PROCESS FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL

SCOPING STUDY

37

8.1. Advertising 37

8.2. Identification of Key Stakeholders 37

8.3. Briefing Paper 37

8.4. Consultation and Public Involvement 38

8.5. Social Issues Trail 38

8.6. Public Review of the Draft Environmental Scoping Report 38


E02.JNB.000540


02

8/27/2010


of 4

LIST OF FIGURES

LIST OF TABLES

9 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 39

10 PLAN OF STUDY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 40

10.1 Process Phases 40

10.2. Particulars of the Applicant 40

10.3. Environmental Consultants 40

10.4. Approach to undertaking the project 42

10.5. Public Participation Process for the EIA Phase 47

10.6. Compilation of the Environmental Impact Report 47

10.7. Review of the Environmental Impacts Assessment Report 48

10.8. Environmental Authorisation 48

10.9. Work Programme 49

Figure 1.1. Locality Map for the Proposed Transmission Line and Substation 8

Figure 3.1. 132kV Hilltop Substation 11

Figure 3.2. 132kV Towers 12

Figure 3.3. Depicts a Communication Tower 12

Figure 4.1. Locality Map with Alternatives 16

Figure 7.1. Distribution of ridges and general topography of the study area 23

Figure 7.2. Single stone wall on rock face of modern times 30

Figure 7.3. Long Iron Age stone wall 31

Figure 7.4. Overview of the study area from a Provincial perspective 32

Table 1.1. Report Structure 9

Table 5.1. Legal Consideration 17

Table 5.2. Listed Activities 18

Table 7.1. Specialists Team 24

Table 7.2. Overview of the Expected Geographical Change Processes and Potential

Impacts

33

Table 7.3. Overview of the Expected Demographical Change Processes and

Potential Impacts

33

Table 7.4. Overview of the Expected Economical Change Processes and Potential

Impacts

34

Table 7.5. Overview of the Expected Institutional and Legal Processes and Potential

Impacts

35

Table 7.6 Overview of the Expected Social and Cultural Processes and Potential

Impacts

36


E02.JNB.000540


02

8/27/2010


of 5

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Alternatives: Different means of meeting the general purpose and requirements of the

activity, which may include site or location alternatives; alternatives to the

type of activity being undertaken; the design or layout of the activity; the

technology to be used in the activity and the operational aspects of the

activity.

Cumulative

impact:

The impact of an activity that in itself may not be significant but may become

significant when added to the existing and potential impacts eventuating from

similar or diverse activities or undertakings in the area.

Do-nothing

alternative:

The ‘do-nothing’ alternative is the option of not undertaking the proposed

activity.

Environmental

Impact

Assessment (EIA)

In relation to an application to which scoping must be applied, means the

process of collecting, organising, analysing, interpreting and communicating

information that is relevant to the consideration of that application as defined

in NEMA.

Interested and

Affected Party

(I&AP)

Any person, group of persons or organisation interested in or affected by an

activity; and any organ of state that may have jurisdiction over any aspect of

the activity.

Plan of Study for

Environmental

Impact

Assessment:

A document which forms part of a scoping report and sets out how an

environmental impact assessment must be conducted.

Public

Participation

Process

A process in which potential interested and affected parties are given an

opportunity to comment on, or raise issues relevant to, specific matters.

Red Data Species Species listed in terms of the International Union for Conservation of Nature

and Natural Resources (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species, and/or in

terms of the South African Red Data List. In terms of the South African Red

Data List, species are categorised as being extinct, endangered, vulnerable,

rare, indeterminate, insufficiently known or not threatened.


E02.JNB.000540


02

8/27/2010


of 6

ACRONYMS

• DEA - Department of Environmental Affairs

• EAP- Environmental Assessment Practitioner

• EIA - Environmental Impact Assessment

• EMF - Electromagnetic Frequency

• EMP - Environmental Management Plan

• ESS - Environmental Scoping Study

• GN - Government Notice

• I&AP - Interested and Affected Parties

• kV - Kilovolts

• MBCP - Mpumalanga Biodiversity Conservation Plan

• MDARDLA- Mpumalanga Department of Agriculture Rural Development and Land

Administration

• NEMA - National Environmental Management Act

• NGO - Non Governmental Organisation

• PPP - Public Participation Process


E02.JNB.000540


02

8/27/2010


of 7

1 INTRODUCTION

Eskom Distribution Northern Region, a division of Eskom Holdings (Pty) Ltd, is proposing to

construct the 132kV Powerline line from the existing Hilltop Substation to the new The Rest

Substation in Nelspruit. The development will also include a communication tower that is

approximately 18m in height. The proposed The Rest Substation is to supply a new

development, The Rest Eco Estate as well as to provide firm supply to the adjacent areas. The

total load required will be supplied to the area via one overheard 132kV feeder supplying a

common bus-bar and 11kV reticulation feeders. The study area consists mainly of residential

load and it is expected that this load composition will increase in future as new houses and

estates are developed.

1.1 Project Description

The proposed development will entail the following:

• The building a new 132kV feeder line of approximately 6 km from Hilltop substation to The

Rest substation;

• Build a new The Rest 132/11kV Substation; and

• An 18 m high communication tower.

1.2 Location of the Study Area

The broader study area is situated in Nelspruit within the jurisdiction of Mbombela municipality

in the Mpumalanga Province. The line extends from the existing Hilltop Substation located on

the Farm Hilltop 458 adjacent to the R40 Road in a north-easterly direction towards the Farm

The Rest 454 Figure 1.1.below depicts the location of the project


E02.JNB.000540


02

8/27/2010


of 8

Figure 1-1: Locality Map for the Proposed Transmission Line and Substation


E02.JNB.000540


02

8/27/2010


of 9

1.3 Environmental Authorisation Requirements

According to the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Regulations of 2006 promulgated

under Section 24D of the National Environmental Management Act (NEMA), 1998 (Act No. 107

of 1998), the construction of a new 132/11kV substation and power line is activity which may

have a detrimental impact on the environment. According to Section 24 C of the NEMA, as

Eskom Distribution is a parastatal, an environmental authorisation from the National Department

of Environmental Affairs (DEA) for undertaking the proposed project is required. Inputs from

Mpumalanga Department of Agriculture, Rural Development and Land Administration

(MDARDLA), a commenting authority, will be taken into account in the granting of environmental

authorisation.

This environmental authorisation process involves lodging an application with the Competent

Authority and this was submitted to DEA on 21st of November 2009 and acknowledged on 04

December 2009. The Scoping Phase of the environmental assessment then commenced and

the findings thereof are included in this Report.

The environmental authorisation process requires the appointment of an independent

Environmental Assessment Practitioner (EAP) as per Regulation 385 subsections 17(1) and 18

(a). Accordingly, Bohlweki-SSI Environmental has been appointed to undertake this process.

This environmental assessment process will be divided into two phases: the Environmental

Scoping Phase and the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Phase. An Environmental

Management Plan (EMP), providing mitigation and management measures for the construction

and operation of the proposed project, will be compiled based on the findings of the

Environmental Impact Assessment Report.

1.4. Structure of this Report.

Table 1-1 Report Structure

Chapter Content

Chapter 1 Introduction to project and approach to the

Environmental Scoping Study

Chapter 2 Particulars of the EAP and project team and their

credentials

Chapter 3 Technical description of the project and associated

infrastructure

Chapter 4 Project Alternatives, consideration of sites, route

alignments and no go option for the project

Chapter 5 Legal requirements, brief scoping of national

legislations and guidelines.

Chapter 6 Scope of environmental investigations, includes

approach to undertake the scoping study.

Chapter 7 Description of potential environmental impacts (

biophysical and social environments)

Chapter 8 Overview of the public participation undertaken for the

project.

Chapter 9 Conclusion and recommendations of the

Environmental Scoping study

Chapter 10 Plan of Study for EIA includes specialists study

required for the EIA phase of the project.


E02.JNB.000540


02

8/27/2010


of 10

2 PARTICULARS OF EAP AND THE PROJECT TEAM

Below are the particulars of the project team and fields of their specialization.

Malcolm Roods is a Principal Associate within SSI specializing in Environmental Impact

Assessments (EIA) for linear infrastructure such as power lines and roads (generation,

transmission and distribution) as well as residential developments and water management

projects. His past experiences include 6 years in public service within the Gauteng Department

of Agriculture, Conservation and Environmental Affairs (GDACE) where he was involved in

policy development, environmental law reform and EIA reviews. He has more than 2 years of

environmental consulting experience. Malcolm Roods is the Project Manager for this

application for environmental authorization.

Sibongile Gumbi is an Environmental Consultant with four years experience in the

environmental field. She will be responsible for the compilation of all EIA documentation and

authority consultation. She is experienced in Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA’s),

environmental monitoring, auditing and training. She has conducted several 132kV and 400kV

applications on behalf of Eskom Holdings. Sibongile is registered with South African Council for

Natural Scientific Professions.

Sibongile Hlomuka is a Social Development and Public Participation Consultant with 7 years of

working experience assisting the project team with Public Involvement Process of the project.

She provides technical and administration assistance in public participation for projects in the

environmental management field. She facilitates public participation for various projects which

include water use licensing and Mining Right Applications.


E02.JNB.000540



3 TECHNICAL DETAILS OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT

In South Africa, thousands of kilometres of high voltage Transmission lines (i.e. 765 kV, 400 kV

or 275 kV Transmission lines) transmit electricity generated at power stations to Eskom’s major

substations. At these major substations, the voltage is reduced, and the electricity is distributed

to smaller substations all over the country through Sub-Transmission lines (i.e. 132 kV, 88 kV or

66 kV lines). At the smaller, substations the voltage is further reduced and the power is

distributed to local users via numerous smaller power lines (i.e. 22 kV and 11 kV lines) referred

to as Reticulation lines. The power generated by Eskom can only be utilised from those points

of supply, which transform the power into a usable voltage.

The size of the footprint depends on the type of pole, i.e. whether it is a single monopole, guyed

suspension or an angle strain pole structure. The size of the footprint ranges from 0,6 m x 0,6 m

to 1,5 m x 1,5 m, with the larger footprint associated with the guyed suspension and angle strain

pole used as bend / strain structures. The average span between two towers is 200 m, but can

vary between 250 m and 375 m depending on the ground profile and the terrain to be spanned.

The single monopole structure (suspension pole) is typically used along the straight sections of

the power line, while the guyed intermediate or guyed suspension and angle strain structures

are used where there is a bend in the power line alignment, the type of structures to be used

depends on the terrain.

A technical description of the proposed project is provided below.

3.1 132/11kV Substation

An area of approximately 73,600 m2 is usually required for the construction of the proposed The

Rest Substation.

Figure 3-1: 132kV Hilltop Substation


E02.JNB.000540



3.2. 132kV Towers Servitudes

The servitude required for the 132kV power line is 31m wide (15,5m on either side of the centre

line). This width may increase to 36m at bends to accommodate anchor cables. A building

restriction specification is required from the powerline.

Figure 3-2: 132kv Towers (Source: www.nccpowerprojects.com )

3.3. Communication Tower

Figure 3-2: Picture Depicting a Communication Tower (source: www.infotech.com)


E02.JNB.000540


02

8/27/2010


of 13

3.4. Clearances of 132 kV Sub-Transmission Lines

On receipt of an approval of the final corridor by the environmental authorities and after

negotiations with landowners, the final definition of the centre line for the Sub-Transmission line

and co-ordinates of each bend in the line will be determined. Optimal tower sizes and positions

will be identified and verified using a ground survey in terms of the Environmental Management

Plan (EMP) requirements and then clearance for the ground will take place. .

3.5. Foundations

The choice of foundation is influenced by the type of terrain encountered and the underlying

geotechnical conditions. The actual size and type of foundation to be installed will depend on

the soil bearing capacity (actual sub-soil conditions). Strain structures require more extensive

foundations for support than in-line suspension structures, which contribute to the cost of the

construction of the powerline.

3.6. Insulators

Composite insulators are used to connect the conductors to the towers.

Glass and porcelain have previously been used to connect the conductors for many years, and

is the most common. These products are, however, heavy and susceptible to breakage by

vandals, as well as contamination by pollution. Composite insulators have a glass-fibre core

with silicon sheds for insulation. Composite insulators are lightweight and resistant to both

vandalism and pollution.

Composite (Long rod type) insulators with silicone based weathershed material will be used for

strain assemblies. Composite horizontal line post insulators will be used for the intermediate

structures and on the jumper supports.

3.7. Access

In order to reduce potential impacts associated with the construction of new access roads,

existing dirt roads will be used as far as possible for the project. All access points and roads will

be negotiated with landowners, and are to be established during the construction phase.

3.8. Conductors

The conductors are made of aluminium with a steel core for strength. Power transfer is

determined by the area of aluminium in the conductors. Conductors are used singularly, in pairs,

or in bundles of three, four or six. The choice is determined by factors such as audible noise,

corona, and electro-magnetic field (EMF) mitigation.

Many sizes of conductor are available, the choice being based on the initial and life-cycle costs

of different combinations of size and bundles, as well as the required load to be transmitted.

3.9. Stringing of Conductors

A guide wire is used to string the conductors between towers. This can be undertaken

mechanically or by hand. The line is generally strung in sections (from bend to bend). Cable


E02.JNB.000540


02

8/27/2010


of 14

drums are usually placed at 2 km intervals (depending on the length of the conductor) during

this stringing process. In order to minimise any potential negative impacts on the surrounding

area, these cable drums are placed within the servitude.


E02.JNB.000540


02

8/27/2010


of 15

4 ALTERNATIVES

In terms of the EIA Regulations, feasible alternatives are required to be considered within the

Environmental Scoping Study. All identified, feasible alternatives are required to be evaluated in

terms of social, biophysical, economic and technical factors.

4.1 Substation Location Alternatives

Two substation sites will be investigated further in the EIA Phase for the proposed project

namely:

• Site A is situated in the northern portion of The Rest farm 454 JT (refer to Figure 4.1 Below)

• Site B is situated in the north easterly portion of The Rest farm 454 JT (refer to Figure 4.1

Below).

Site A is the preferred location for the substation for the applicant as it is the most direct route.

In terms of topographical constraints and possible environmental impacts, it is also the most

favourable location for the substation.

4.2 Sub-Transmission Line Route Alternatives

Three transmission line route alternatives have been considered for this project. However, they

traverse two main corridors as is illustrated in Figure 4.1 below. As mentioned above, the

preferred corridor is alignment 1 which is the most direct and avoids steep terrain towards the

north eastern portion of the Farm The Rest 454 JT.

4.3 The No go Option

If the proposed project were not to proceed, the likelihood of the existing network meeting

demand for The Rest Eco Estate and other future developments in the area is low. The status

quo option is, therefore, not considered to be a feasible option.


E02.JNB.000540


02

8/27/2010


of 16

Figure 4-1: Locality Map with Alternatives


E02.JNB.000540


02

8/27/2010


of 17

5 LEGAL REQUIREMENTS

A preliminary review of the relevant legislation was undertaken in order to identify any legal

issues related to the proposed project. Below is an applicable environmental legislation, which

must be considered by Eskom during the implementation of the proposed project.

Table 5-1: Legal Consideration

Legislation Sections Relates to

The Constitution (Act No

108 of 1996)

Chapter 2 Bill of Rights.

Section 24 Environmental right

Section 25 Rights in property.

National Environmental

Management Act (No 107

of 1998)

Section 2 Defines the strategic

environmental management goals

and objectives of the government.

Applies throughout the Republic to

the actions of all organs of state

that may significantly affect the

environment.

Section 24(a) &(d)

&24(5)

Listed activities and Regulations

Section 28 The developer has a general duty

to care for the environment and to

institute such measures as may

be needed to demonstrate such

care.

Environment Conservation

Act (No 73 of 1989)

Section 2 General policy.

Section 16 Provides for the setting aside of

Protected Natural Environments

(PNEs). Any construction activities

within the PNE require the

consent of the PNE management

advisory committee and the

Premier of the relevant province.

Sections 19 and 19A Prevention of littering by

employees and subcontractors

during construction and the

maintenance phases of the

proposed project.

The Conservation of

Agricultural Resources Act

(No 43 of 1983)

Section 6 Implementation of control

measures for alien and invasive

plant species.

National Heritage

Resources Act (No 25 of

1999)

Provides general principles for

governing heritage resources

management throughout South

Africa including national and

provincial heritage sites, burial

grounds and graves;


E02.JNB.000540


02

8/27/2010


of 18

archaeological and

palaeontological sites, and public

monuments and memorials

National Environmental

Management: Air Quality

Act (No 39 of 2004)

Sections 26-27 Control of fuels.

Section 32 Control of dust.

Occupational Health and

Safety Act (No 85 of 1993)

Section 8 General duties of employers to their

employees.

Section 9 General duties of employers and

self employed persons to persons

other than their employees.

Fertilisers, Farm Feeds,

Agricultural Remedies and

Stock Remedies Act (No 36

of 1947)

Sections 3 to 10 Control of the use of registered

pesticides, herbicides (weed killers)

and fertilisers. Special precautions

must be taken to prevent workers

from being exposed to chemical

substances in this regard.

Nature Conservation

Ordinance (Transvaal) (No

12 of 1983)

Section 98 Identification of any specially

protected or rare and endangered

species. If these are to be affected

by the proposed project, a permit

from the Director General, Nature

Conservation should be obtained

prior to removal.

Schedule 11 Prohibits the picking of all

indigenous plants on public roads

and nature reserves without a

permit.

All relevant Provincial

regulations, Municipal

bylaws and ordinances

and internal Eskom laws

Expropriation Act (No 63 of

1975)

The Act requires the determination

based of compensation based on

the principle of market value.

Public access to

information Act ( No 2 of

2000)

In terms of Regulations R.385 to R.387 of the National Environmental Management Act (NEMA

No 107 of 1998) the following listed activities are applicable, which may have an impact on the

environment:


E02.JNB.000540


02

8/27/2010


of 19

Table 5-2: Listed Activities

Indicate the number and

date of the relevant notice

Activity No (s) (in

terms of the relevant

or notice)

Describe each listed activity

Government Notice R 387 –

21 April 2006

1(I) The construction of facilities or

infrastructure, including

associated structures or

infrastructure for the transmission

and distribution of the above

ground electricity with a capacity

of 120 kilovolts or more.

2 Any development activity,

including associated structures

and infrastructures, where the

total area of the developed area

is, or is intended to be 20 hectares

or more.


21 April 2006

7 The above ground storage of

dangerous good, including petrol ,

diesel, liquid petroleum gas or

paraffin in containers with a

combined capacity of more than

30 cubic meters but less than

1000 cubic metes at any location

or site.


21 April 2006

12 The transformation or removal of

indigenous vegetation of 3

hectares or more or of any size

where the transformation or

removal would occur within a

critically endangered or an

endangered ecosystem listed in

terms of section 52 of the National

Environmental Management:

Biodiversity Act, 2004 (Act No. 10

of 2004).


21 April 2006

14 The construction of masts of any

material or type and of any height,

including those used for

telecommunication broadcasting

and radio transmission, but

excluding-

(a) masts of 15 meters and lower

exclusively used (i) by radio

amateurs; or

(ii) for lightning purposes

(b) flag poles; and

(c) lightning conductor poles.


21 April 2006

15 The construction of a road that is

wider than 4 metres or that has a


E02.JNB.000540


02

8/27/2010


of 20

reserve wider than 6 metres,

excluding roads that fall within the

ambit of another listed activity or

which are access roads of less

than 30 metres long.


21 April 2006

16 The transformation of

undeveloped, vacant or derelict

land to-

(a) (a) establish infill development

covering an area of 5 hectares; or

(b) residential, mixed, retail,

commercial, industrial or

institutional use where such

development does not constitute

infill and where the total area to be

transformed is bigger than 1

hectare.


E02.JNB.000540


02

8/27/2010


of 21

6 SCOPE OF ENVIRONMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS

6.1 Approach to Undertaking the Study

Issues based Environmental Scoping Study (ESS) for the proposed new 132/11kV Hilltop to

The Rest Powerline line and Substation has been undertaken in accordance with the

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Regulations published in Government Notice R385 to

R387 of 21 April 2006 in terms of the National Environmental Management Act (NEMA; No 107

of 1998).

6.2 Authority Consultation

The relevant authorities, that are required to provide input to the proposed project, were

consulted from the outset of this study, and will be engaged throughout the project process. The

required application form was submitted to DEA on the 21st November 2009 and was

acknowledged on 4th December 2009. The Competent Authority that needs to provide a

decision regarding the proposed project is the Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA) and

Mpumalanga Department of Agriculture, Rural Development and Land administration

(MDARDLA) is a provincial commenting authority.

6.3 Environmental Scoping Study

The Environmental Scoping Study aimed to address the following:

• Identification of potential positive and negative environmental impacts (biophysical and

social).

• Identification of “hotspots” which should be avoided where possible due to potentially

significant impacts or sensitive environments;

• Description of loop-inline requirements;

• Description of Substation site alternatives that was identified;

• Evaluation of the identified feasible alternatives and the nomination of a preferred

alternative;

• Optimisation of positive impacts to the benefit of the local environment and community;

• To enable I&APs to verify that their contributions have been captured, understood and

interpreted; and

• To afford I&APs an opportunity to raise more issues if there are any.

Impacts on, inter alia, climate, topography, vegetation , avifauna, sites of archaeological,

cultural and historical interest, as well as the social environment were identified by means of a

site inspection, desk-top and field studies, consultation with specialists and key stakeholders, a

review of existing information and relevant literature.


E02.JNB.000540


02

8/27/2010


of 22

7 DESCRIPTION OF THE POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

The Environmental Scoping Study (ESS) aims to identify the potential positive and negative

environmental (biophysical and social) impacts for the construction of the proposed new 132/11

kV Sub-Transmission power lines from the existing Hilltop Substation to the proposed New The

Rest Substation. A number of issues for consideration have been identified by the

environmental team to date. This section of the report serves to evaluate these potential

environmental impacts associated with the proposed project at the proposed Substation site

and for each route alignment prior to the implementation of mitigation measures (i.e. measures

to reduce or avoid impacts). The issues identified and potential environmental impacts

associated with the route alignment and the associated Substation sites, will be considered in

selecting the most suitable route alignment for the establishment of the proposed 132/11kV

Sub-Transmission lines as well as the Substation site.

7.1 Climate

Temperature

The mean daily maximum temperature is approximately 24.0°C in January and 15.0°C in July,

but the maximum temperatures in these months may rise to extremes of up to 29.4°C and 23.6

°C, respectively. Mean daily minimum temperatures range from approximately 18.7°C in

January to 6.4°C in July. Extremes of 4.2°C have been recorded.

Rainfall

Based on information recorded at the Nelspruit weather station, the average annual rainfall for

the Nelspruit area is approximately 762.7 mm which occurs as showers and thunderstorms and

falls mainly in the summer months, from October to March, with a peak in December (ISCW,

2006). Falls of over 100 mm can occur in a single day. Rainstorms are often violent with

severe lightning and strong westerly or easterly winds and sometimes accompanied by hail.

The winter months of June, July and August are dry and their combined rainfall comprises

approximately 3.8% of the total annual precipitation.

Wind

The wind direction in the area frequently moves towards the north-east at an average speed of

4.65 m/s. No extreme wind speed cases have been recorded in the area.

7.2. Topography

Significant ridge areas are present in the region of the proposed project. The proposed project

is likely to affect significant areas of high slopes. The general topography of the region is

described as Low Mountains.


E02.JNB.000540


02

8/27/2010


of 23

Figure 7-1: Distribution of ridges and general topography of the study area

Proposed SS 1

Proposed SS 2

Route 3

Route 2

Hilltop SS

Route 1


E02.JNB.000540


02

8/27/2010


of 24

7.3. Specialists Studies

As part of the Scoping Study, Bohlweki-SSI Environmental was assisted by a team of

Specialists who conducted their studies making use of existing information and site visits to

identify the potentially significant impacts associated with the proposed project. Table 7.1 below

indicates the Specialists and their fields of specialisation.

Table 7-1 Specialists Team

Specialists Study Name & Organisation

Avifauna Luke Strugnell from Endangered Wild life Trust

Biodiversity Riaan Robbeson from Bathusi Environmental

Consulting

Heritage Udo Kussel from African Heritage Consulting

Herpetology Luke Verburgt from Enviro-insight

Social Nonka Byker from MasterQ Research

7.4. Avifauna

7.4.1. Description of impacts of power lines on birds

Because of its’ size and prominence, electrical infrastructure constitutes an important interface

between wildlife and man. Negative interactions between wildlife and electricity structures take

many forms, but two common problems in southern Africa are electrocution of birds (and other

animals) and birds colliding with power lines. (Ledger & Annegarn 1981; Ledger 1983; Ledger

1984; Hobbs & Ledger 1986a; Hobbs & Ledger 1986b; Ledger, Hobbs & Smith, 1992; Verdoorn

1996; Kruger & Van Rooyen 1998; Van Rooyen 1998; Kruger 1999; Van Rooyen 1999; Van

Rooyen 2000). Other problems are electrical faults caused by bird excreta when roosting or

breeding on electricity infrastructure, (Van Rooyen & Taylor 1999) and disturbance and habitat

destruction during construction and maintenance activities.

• Electrocutions

Electrocution of birds on overhead lines is an important cause of unnatural mortality of raptors

and storks. It has attracted plenty of attention in Europe, USA and South Africa (APLIC 1994;

van Rooyen & Ledger 1999). Electrocution refers to the scenario where a bird is perched or

attempts to perch on the electrical structure and causes an electrical short circuit by physically

bridging the air gap between live components and/or live and earthed components (van Rooyen

2004).

• Collisions

Collisions are the biggest single threat posed by transmission lines to birds in southern Africa

(van Rooyen 2004). Most heavily impacted upon are bustards, storks, cranes and various

species of water birds. These species are mostly heavy-bodied birds with limited

manoeuvrability, which makes it difficult for them to take the necessary evasive action to avoid

colliding with power lines (van Rooyen 2004, Anderson 2001).

Unfortunately, many of the collision sensitive species are considered threatened in southern

Africa. The Red Data species vulnerable to power line collisions are generally long living, slow

reproducing species under natural conditions. Some require very specific conditions for


E02.JNB.000540


02

8/27/2010


of 25

breeding, resulting in very few successful breeding attempts, or breeding might be restricted to

very small areas. These species have not evolved to cope with high adult mortality, with the

results that consistent high adult mortality over an extensive period could have a serious effect

on a population’s ability to sustain itself in the long or even medium term. Many of the

anthropogenic threats to these species are non-discriminatory as far as age is concerned (e.g.

habitat destruction, disturbance and power lines) and therefore contribute to adult mortality, and

it is not known what the cumulative effect of these impacts could be over the long term.

Collision of certain bird species, particularly at river crossings, is anticipated to be an impact of

the proposed power line and should be prevented as far as possible.

• Habitat destruction

During the construction phase and maintenance of power lines and substations, some habitat

destruction and alteration inevitably takes place. This happens with the construction of access

roads, the clearing of servitudes and the levelling of substation yards. Servitudes have to be

cleared of excess vegetation at regular intervals in order to allow access to the line for

maintenance, to prevent vegetation from intruding into the legally prescribed clearance gap

between the ground and the conductors and to minimize the risk of fire under the line which can

result in electrical flashovers. These activities have an impact on birds breeding, foraging and

roosting in or in close proximity of the servitude through modification of habitat.

Habitat destruction could be an impact in the grassland and wetland areas, where natural

vegetation is still relatively intact. However, the amount of habitat destroyed for a line of this

type, or the new substation site is relatively small. This has been assessed in more detail below.

• Disturbance

Similarly, the above mentioned construction and maintenance activities impact on bird through

disturbance, particularly during breeding activities.

• Electrical faulting

Birds are able to cause electrical faults (short circuits) on power lines through their faeces,

whilst perched or roosting on pylons or towers.

ON THE PROPOSED POWER LINE THIS IS UNLIKELY, FAULTING HAS NOT BEEN

REPORTED TO EWT ON 132KV POWER LINES BEFORE, AND THE CLEARANCES AND

POLE DESIGN ON THE PROPOSED STRUCTURE SHOULD BE SUFFICIENT TO AVOID

THIS.


E02.JNB.000540


02

8/27/2010


of 26

7.5. Biodiversity

Potential impacts include the following, but are not necessarily limited to:

• Direct impacts:

o Destruction of threatened flora & fauna species & associated habitat;

o Direct impacts on common fauna species;

o Destruction of sensitive/ pristine regional habitat types;

• Indirect Impacts:

o Faunal interactions with structures, servitudes and personnel;

o Impacts on surrounding habitat/ species;

• Cumulative Impacts:

o Impacts on local and national conservation obligations & targets;

o Increase in local and regional fragmentation/ isolation of habitat; and

o Increase in environmental degradation.

7.5.1. Direct Impacts

• Destruction of Threatened Flora & Fauna Species & Associated Habitat

The loss of Red Data or Threatened species or areas that are suitable for these species is a

significant impact on the biodiversity of a region. Threatened species, in most cases, do not

contribute significantly to the biodiversity of an area in terms of sheer numbers as there are

generally few of them, but a high ecological value is placed on the presence of such species in

an area as they are frequently an indication of pristine habitat conditions. Conversely, the

presence of pristine habitat conditions can frequently be accepted as an indication of the

potential presence of species of conservation importance.

Red Data species are particularly sensitive to changes in their environment, having adapted to a

narrow range of specific habitat requirements. Habitat changes, mostly a result of human

interferences and activities, are one of the greatest reasons for these species having a

threatened status. Surface transformation activities within habitat types that are occupied by

flora species of conservation importance will definitely result in significant and permanent

impacts on these species and their population dynamics. Effects of this impact are usually

permanent and recovery or mitigation is generally not perceived as possible.

One of the greatest drawbacks in terms of limiting this particular impact is that extremely little

information is available in terms of the presence, distribution patterns, population dynamics and

habitat requirements of Red Data flora species in the study area. In order to assess this impact

an approach it is therefore necessary to assess the presence/ distribution of habitats frequently

associated with these species. Furthermore, by applying ecosystem conservation principles to

this impact assessment and subsequent planning and development phases, resultant impacts

will be limited to a large extent.

Direct threats to threatened fauna species is regarded low in probability, mainly as a result of

the ability of fauna species to migrate away from areas where impacts occur. Probably the only

exception to this statement will be in the event where extremely localised habitat that are

occupied by threatened fauna species are impacted by construction and operational activities to


E02.JNB.000540


02

8/27/2010


of 27

the extent that the habitat no longer satisfy the habitat requirements of the particular species. It

should also be noted that threatened fauna species potentially occurring in the study area have

relatively wide habitat preferences and ample suitable habitat is presently available throughout

the study area. To place this aspect into context it is estimated that habitat loss and

transformation resulting from non-invasive and often overlooked impacts, such as overgrazing,

infestation by invasive shrubs and selective hunting probably contributes more to impacts on

certain threatened fauna species than powerline developments ever will.

• Direct Impacts on Common Flora & Fauna Species

The likelihood of this impact affecting common fauna species is relatively low as a result of the

ability of animal species to migrate away from direct impacts. The tolerance levels of common

animal species occurring in the study area is of such a nature that surrounding areas will suffice

in habitat requirements of species forced to move from areas of impact.

Likely, common flora species are widespread and occur abundantly in other, adjacent habitat.

The possibility of this proposed powerline affecting common flora species to the extent that their

conservation status might change is regarded highly unlikely.

• Destruction of Sensitive/ Pristine Regional Habitat Types

The loss of pristine natural regional habitat represents loss of habitat and biodiversity on a

regional scale. Sensitive habitat types include ridges, koppies, wetlands, rivers, streams and

localised habitat types of significant physiognomic variation and unique species composition.

These areas represent centres of atypical habitat and contain biological attributes that are not

frequently encountered in the greater surrounds. A high conservation value is attributed to the

floristic communities and faunal assemblages of these areas as they contribute significantly to

the biodiversity of a region. Furthermore, these habitat types are generally isolated and are

frequently linear in nature, such as rivers and ridges. Any impact that disrupts this continuous

linear nature will risk fragmentation and isolation of existing ecological units, affecting the

migration potential of some fauna species adversely, pollinator species in particular.

The importance of regional habitat types is based on the conservation status ascribed to

vegetation types. However, the actual impact of the construction and operation of powerlines in

grassland habitat is generally low since extremely little impacts result on the structure of the

vegetation. Impacts within grassland habitat are mostly restricted to the footprint areas of the

pole structures, which is extremely small. Visual observations within existing servitudes

revealed very little variation in the species composition between areas in- and outside the

powerline servitude.

7.5.2. Indirect Impacts

• Faunal Interactions with Structures, Servitudes & Personnel

It should be noted that animals generally avoid contact with human structures, but do grow

accustomed to structures after a period. While the structures are usually visible as a result of

clearance around tower footprints, injuries and death of animals do occur sporadically as a

result of accidental contact. Large mammals are mostly prone to this type of impact. In

particular, primate species such as baboons and monkeys are known to climb pole structures.

Alteration of habitat conditions within the servitudes does not necessarily imply a decrease in


E02.JNB.000540


02

8/27/2010


of 28

faunal habitation. These areas are frequently preferred by certain fauna species. The

establishment of a dominant grass layer generally results in increased presence of grazer

species, which might lead to an unlikely, but similar increase in predation within these areas.

The presence of personnel within the servitude during construction and maintenance periods

will inevitably result in contact with animals. While most of the larger animal species are likely to

move away from human contact, dangerous encounters with snakes, scorpions and possibly

larger predators always remain likely. Similarly, the presence of humans within areas of natural

habitat could potentially result in killing of animals by means of snaring, poaching, road kills,

poisoning, trapping, etc.

• Impacts on Surrounding Habitat/ Species

Surrounding areas and species present in the direct vicinity of the study area could be affected

by indirect impacts resulting from construction and operation activities. These impacts could

include all of the above impacts, depending on the sensitivity and status of surrounding habitat

and species as well as the extent of impact activities. This impact also includes the floristic

species changes that could potentially occur as a result of the alteration of habitat physiognomy,

particularly in woodland areas.

7.5.3. Cumulative Impacts

• Impacts on Local and National Conservation Obligations & Targets

This impact is regarded a cumulative impact since it affects the status of conservation strategies

and targets on a local as well as national level and is viewed in conjunction with other types of

local and regional impacts that affects conservation areas. Impacts that could potentially affect

the status of protected areas are regarded unacceptable and should be avoided at all costs.

Also, aligning the servitudes in proximity to conservation areas as a mitigation measure against

impacting on the conservation areas is not always a good solution as it places a limitation on

the future expansion of conservation areas. This will only be a solution in selected cases where

extensive transformed habitat is available for the use of servitudes. Natural habitat in the

general surrounds of conservation areas do act as a buffer for these areas, also as a potential

source of genetic variability, particularly in the case of relative small conservation areas.

• Increase in Local & Regional Fragmentation/ Isolation of Habitat

Uninterrupted habitat is a precious commodity for biological attributes in modern times,

particularly in areas that are characterised by moderate and high levels of transformation. The

loss of natural habitat, even small areas, implies that biological attributes have permanently lost

that ability of occupying that space, effectively meaning that a higher premium is placed on

available food, water and habitat resources in the immediate surrounds. This, in some

instances might mean that the viable population of plants or animals in a region will decrease

proportionally with the loss of habitat, eventually decreasing beyond a viable population size.

The danger in this type of cumulative impact is that effects are not known, or is not visible; with

immediate effect and normally when these effects become visible they are beyond repair.

Lineare types of developments affect the migratory success of animals in particular.

An important mitigation measure in this regard is to utilise existing causal factors of habitat

fragmentation. One factor that will be taken into consideration is the presence of existing


E02.JNB.000540


02

8/27/2010


of 29

powerlines in the study area. Habitat fragmentation will not be increased significantly when new

powerlines are placed adjacent to existing lines or other types of linear structures, such as

roads. In contrast, constructing new powerlines through areas of unfragmented habitat, the

adverse effects of habitat fragmentation and isolation will be maximised. Therefore, where

potential servitudes are presented with similar sensitivities, a potential alignment with an

existing servitude might result in one being more suitable for the proposed development than an

option affecting an area of largely untransformed habitat. Unfortunately this is not always a

clear-cut case as it is heavily dependent on the local and regional sensitivity of the existing line,

which might be located in areas of high sensitivity, while a line going through untransformed

habitat might represent impacts of lower significance in terms of other types of impacts.

• Increase in Environmental Degradation

Impacts associated with this type of development that will lead to initial, incremental or

augmentation of existing types of environmental degradation include impacts on the air, soil and

water present within available habitat. Pollution of these elements might not always be

immediately visible or readily quantifiable, but incremental or fractional increases might rise to

levels where biological attributes could be affected adversely on a local or regional scale. In

most cases are these effects are not bound and is dispersed, or diluted over an area that is

much larger than the actual footprint of the causal factor.

Similarly, developments in untransformed and pristine areas are usually not characterised by

visibly significant environmental degradation and these impacts are usually most prevalent in

areas where continuous and long-term impacts have been experienced.

7.6. Herpetofauna

• Direct Impacts

Impacts of transmission lines and the substation are likely to be limited to disturbance and

displacement of herpetofauna during the construction phase. During construction the direct

impacts expected are from habitat destruction/alteration from clearance of vegetation and

foundation construction for the substation, the erection of pylons and the creation of servitudes

as well as disturbance and possible mortality from these activities.

• Indirect Impacts

Impacts of transmission lines, such as the interaction of herpetofauna with the structures,

servitudes and personnel need to be considered. Because of the terrestrial nature of

herpetofauna, limited negative interactions with the structures are expected. Some species such

as dwarf gecko’s (Lygodactylus spp.) benefit from the metal pylons as these structures retain

heat and allow for extended foraging periods (Verburgt, unpublished). Furthermore, many

rupiculous (rock-living) skinks and certain snakes take up residence in the concrete and rock

base of the pylons where cracks or holes in the concrete create suitable refuges. This positive

indirect impact leads to the negative indirect impact of herpetofauna interactions with personnel.

Potentially dangerous snakes (venomous species) may take up residence or hunt for prey

around the base of pylons and interact with personnel inspecting/repairing the transmission line.


E02.JNB.000540



• The Negative Indirect

Impact of transmission line servitudes is of medium- to long-term concern. Once the direct

impact from the construction of servitude has taken place the vehicle traffic on the servitude

represents a potentially large threat to the herpetofauna community since many herpetofauna

species are killed by vehicles while crossing roads. Of particular concern is the annual migration

of adult amphibians towards a suitable breeding site (dam, stream) in spring and then the

migration of both adults and juveniles away from the breeding site in mid-summer and autumn.

Servitudes may also impair dispersal and cause habitat fragmentation for example; compacted

roads may represent a dispersion barrier for strictly fossorial (ground-living) species.

A negative indirect impact of substations is the attraction of potentially dangerous snakes which

may interact with personnel due to the production of heat and the creation of suitable refuges by

a substation. This impact may be enhanced by the presence of improperly stored construction

material on or adjacent to the substation that provide suitable refuges for snakes and attract

certain prey species (e.g. rodents). Furthermore, the presence of powerful lights at night attracts

many insects which cluster around the lights and fall to the ground below. This in turn may

attract amphibians which may attract potentially dangerous snakes that feed on amphibians

(e.g. Naja mossambica).

7.7. Heritage

During the site visit a single stone wall and long Iron Age stone wall on a rock face were found

dating late Iron Age see figures 7.9 and 7.10.below.

Figure 0-2: Single stone wall on rock face, of modern times


E02.JNB.000540



Figure 0-3: Long Iron Age stone wall

7.8. Social

All of the infrastructure development associated with the proposed project is located within the

Mbombela Local Municipality, which in turn forms part of the Ehlanzeni District Municipality of

the Mpumalanga Province. An indication of the location of the study area within the

Mpumalanga Province is reflected in figure 7.4 below. Mpumalanga means “place where the

sun rises”. The province is located to the north eastern part of South Africa, and is bordered by

Mozambique to the east and the Kingdom of Swaziland to the south and east. On its western

border is the province of Gauteng, with the Free State to the south west and KwaZulu-Natal to

the south east. Mpumalanga has a land surface area of approximate 79 511.5km2, which

represents approximately 6.5% of South Africa’s total land surface. According to Community

Survey 2007, the province is home to approximately 3,643,435 people, which represents a

population growth of approximately 7.6% (or 277,550 people) over the 6-year period between

2001 (when the last census was conducted) and 2007. The population in Mpumalanga accounts

for 7.5% of South Africa’s total population of 48,502, 063 people as of 2007. The province

appears to be largely rural in nature, which is evident in the fairly low population density of 45.8

persons per km2.

According to the Mpumalanga Province’s Growth and Development Strategy (MPGDS), the

economic growth within the province averaged around 2.5% between 1996 and 2001,

increasing to an average of around 4.3% between 2004 and 2007. This places the province

more or less on par with the country’s Geographic Domestic Product (GDP) growth. In 2004 the

main economic sectors in the province were the mining, energy, and manufacturing industries

that, collectively, comprised approximately 60% of the province’s Gross Value Addition. Despite

these industries being the largest, they only provided employment to around 20% of the

province’s population. During 2005 the energy sector was replaced by community services as a

key industry, contributing approximately 20% to the province’s employment rate. The main aim

of the province’s GDS (2004-2014) is to improve the local inhabitants’ quality of life by

promoting sustainable development. It is believed that sustainable development in turn will

create a stable investment climate that will aid in creating employment opportunities, which will

then create income generating capabilities for those individuals involved.


E02.JNB.000540



Figure 0-4 Overview of the Study area from a Provincial perspective

The processes in which the potential social impacts are identified are listed below.

• Geographic processes: land use patterns;

• Demographic processes: the composition of the local community;

• Economic processes: the way in which people make a living and the economic activities in

a society;

• Institutional and Legal processes: the role and efficiency of the local authority and other

service providers in the area in terms of their capacity to deliver services to the local area;

and

• Socio-cultural processes: The way, in which humans behave, interact and relate to each

other, their environment, and the belief and value systems that guide these interactions.


E02.JNB.000540


02

8/27/2010


of 33

Table 7-2. Overview of the Expected Geographical Change Processes and Potential Impacts

GEOGRAPHICAL PROCESSES

Summary of Baseline Profile Change Process and Expected Impacts

Large segments of the project area appear to

be utilised for either agricultural purposes or

forestry. A number of scattered households

have also been identified throughout the study

area.

A 31m-wide servitude is required for the sub-transmission power line, which implies a temporary and/or

permanent loss of agricultural/forestry land, which in turn can have an economic impact on the landowner in

question.

At this stage it is assumed that large segments

of the study area are privately owned. At the

time of the study it was unclear whether any

parts of the study area was tribal land or

whether land claims existed on any of the

affected portions.

Private landowners and commercial farmers will be affected by the servitude acquisition process as outlined

above.

Detailed information on future infrastructural

developments was not available at the time of

the study.

The presence of the substation and sub-transmission power line can alter development layout plans to ensure

the safe operation of these installations. Conversely, development cannot take place if there is a lack of

sufficient service such as electricity.

Table 7-3. Overview of the Expected Demographical Change Processes and Potential Impacts

DEMOGRAPHICAL PROCESSES


The current total population within the affected area

is just over 527,000 people with a population density

of 154.5 people per km2. However, it is not expected

that the population density would be as dense in

rural areas as might be the case with urban areas.

The proposed development will lead to an increase of a certain section of the population, i.e. an influx of

migratory workers in the form of the construction team. A change in the number and composition of the

local area can lead to economic, health, safety and social-wellbeing impacts. The impact is expected to be

mostly confined to the construction phase. It should also be noted that a construction team consisting of

486 construction workers will not yield a significant impact on a total population of 527,000 as it represents

an average increase of 0.09% on the population size. The impact is further expected to significantly

decrease during the operation and maintenance phase as the size of the maintenance team will be

considerably smaller than that of the construction team.

The current baseline profile indicated that a total

number of just more than 50,000 people entered the

area since 2001, presumably due to increased

The presence of the construction team and the prospect of employment might intensify the influx of people,

e.g. an influx of unemployed work seekers might be expected. It is difficult to predict what the impact would

be as a result of this, as it is coupled to the number of people who enter the area. This can range from a


E02.JNB.000540


02

8/27/2010


of 34

employment opportunities. handful of people to literally hundreds of people. The influx of unemployed work seekers is an uncontrolled

process and therefore the size of this group is near impossible to predict. .

There are a number of households and/or structures

within each of the route corridor alternatives.

The proposed development might necessitate the relocation of households along the various route corridor

alternatives, depending on the flexibility of the route alignment. It is not expected that the relocation of

households would affect the size and composition of the local population as relocation normally takes place

within the same area. However, the relocation of households impacts on the affected households’ way of

life – but this is to a large degree influenced by the affected family’s level of attachment to their

environment, which in turn is influenced by the family history, years spent in the area, etc.

At this stage the need for relocation is not foreseen at any of the substation sites. However, both sites are

located in close proximity to scattered households

Table 7-4. Overview of the Expected Economical Change Processes and Potential Impacts

ECONOMICAL PROCESSES


The affected area is to a large extent

characterised by a fairly high employment rate

(just over three quarters of the economically

active population is formally employed).

Despite this high employment rate, the area is

still characterised by low household income

levels – in 2001 just over a quarter of all

households earned an income above the

acceptable minimum standard of ≥ R 20,000

per annum.

The proposed development can enhance economic opportunities for vulnerable communities by creating and

affording job opportunities to local community members. However, it is not foreseen that such opportunities would

be sustainable as most of the jobs will be restricted to the construction phase. It is furthermore unlikely that vast

numbers from the local community will find employment during the construction phase due to the skills levels

required and the sensitivity of the construction material used (e.g. in the past temporary staff from local

communities were responsible for copper theft, which resulted in time delays and cost implications for Eskom).

Even if local community members are not utilised as part of the construction team, it is important to note that 486

positions will still be created, which means that there will still be 486 employment opportunities available on a

national level. These individuals will still gain financially from employment on the project, whether they are local or

not. The proposed project can furthermore lead to a boost in the local formal and informal trade market as it is

likely that some local services can be utilised, albeit on a temporary basis.

Large segments of the route corridors span

across cultivated farmland, as discussed

under geographical change processes.

Depending on the size of the area affected and how it affects the surrounding land use (e.g. whether farming

activities can continue mostly unhindered or not), the property value can be affected due to the presence of a

power line that will visually intrude on the farm. Where land loss occurs, this can also bear an economic impact on

the affected farmer.

The baseline municipal profile (as discussed

in detail in the following section) suggests that

The expansion of the municipal services network can take place if more electricity becomes available. This means

that more households can be connected to the electricity grid, which would enhance their quality of life. In


E02.JNB.000540


02

8/27/2010


of 35

municipal services are lacking in the area. It

can be expected that a lack of such services

would hinder economic growth.

addition, the expansion of the electricity grid could stimulate economic growth in the area, which in turn would

have a positive economic impact on the area as more jobs become available.

Table 7-5. Overview of the Expected Institutional and Legal Processes and Potential Impacts

INSTITUTIONAL & LEGAL PROCESSES


The existing baseline municipal profile

suggests that these services are inadequate

in the area with many households that do not

have access to basic services such as

electricity, municipal refuse removal, or

sanitation and water services on par with RDP

standards.

Additional demand on municipal services, such as water, sewerage and roads could impact on health and safety

if such services are not available.

The baseline municipal profile further

suggests that all households do not have

equal access to municipal services – usually it

is the outlying areas and informal settlements

that mostly lack these services.

It is foreseen that the proposed development could enhance the equal access of households to at least some

basic services such as electricity as a result of the broadening of the local network. The availability of additional

services in turn can lead to economic growth.

According to the Mbombela IDP (2009/10),

approximately 82% of the municipal area is

taken up by informal settlements, especially in

the so-called Eastern Development Corridor.

The current housing backlog in the municipal

area is estimated to be around 39,482 units.

Construction workers will require housing. In the past large segments of this group was housed successfully

within the local community to avoid the use of a residential construction village as the presence of such a village

brings with it its own set of socio-cultural change processes and resultant impacts. The need for housing is

normally addressed by the contractor(s).

An influx of unemployed job seekers can lead to the expansion of the informal settlement. This can impact on

health (as services are not provided or further taxed) and safety (an increase in crime is possible as people do not

find employment and become frustrated with their living conditions).

The area appears to be lacking sufficient

infrastructure and services. This is evident in

the fact that the entire area is serviced by two

district hospitals (of which only one is located

in nearby Nelspruit). Although the area is

The influx of job seekers might lead to an increase in opportunistic crime. The health and emergency services in

the area might not be able to cope with accidents and emergencies, which will have obvious health impacts.


E02.JNB.000540


02

8/27/2010


of 36

INSTITUTIONAL & LEGAL PROCESSES

serviced by five police stations, these stations

are wide-spread throughout the area.

Table 7-6. Overview of the Expected Social Cultural Processes and Potential Impacts

SOCIO-CULTURAL PROCESSES


At the time of the study information was not

available on the cultural dynamics of the

affected local area.

It is possible that construction workers and job seekers have a different cultural background and dissimilar social

practices than local residents, which can lead to the development of conflict situations that impact on community

cohesion and social well-being.

At the time of the study the level of place

attachment that local residents have to the

area was not known.

The substation and sub-transmission power line might affect people’s relationship with their environment (their

sense of place) as the presence of such infrastructure changes the landscape from unspoilt to ‘spoilt’.

Negative

The family structure and how families from the

area function and the roles ascribed to each

family member was not known.

Although it is not foreseen that the development per se will alter family cohesiveness and the traditional role

played by families, the introduction of strangers to the area might have this affect. This can happen when social

integration is hindered (through conflict) and also because migratory workers have a certain legacy when it comes

to establishing relationships that can increase the risk of spreading HIV and other contagious infections. Apart

from the obvious health implications, HIV infection in particular also has an economic impact.


E02.JNB.000540


02

8/27/2010


of 37

8. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION PROCESS FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL SCOPING STUDY

The primary aims of the public participation process during the Environmental Scoping Study

were:

• to inform Interested and Affected Parties (I&APs) of the proposed project;

• to identify issues, comments and concerns as raised by I&APs;

• to promote transparency and an understanding of the project and its consequences;

• to serve as a structure for liaison and communication with I&APs; and

• to provide local knowledge and input in identifying potential environmental (biophysical and

social) impacts and “hotspots” associated with the proposed development.

8.1. Advertising

In terms of the EIA Regulations, as published in 2006, the commencement of the EIA process

for the project was advertised in the Mpumalanga News, on 25 February 2010 respectively, at

the inception of the project. This advertisement requested I&APs to register, and to become

involved in the project. A copy of the advertisement tear sheet will be attached in the final

scoping report. The primary aim of this advert was to ensure that the widest possible group of

I&APs were informed of the project, and to elicit comments from the public regarding the

proposed project.

8.2. Identification of Key Stakeholders

The first step in the public participation process was to identify key stakeholders, including:

• Central and Provincial Government Representatives;

• Local authorities (i.e. Mbombela Municipality);

• Affected and surrounding landowners.

• Environmental NGOs; and

• Community based organisations.

All I&AP information (including contact details), together with dates and details of consultations

and a record of all issues raised will be recorded within a comprehensive project database. This

database will be updated on an on-going basis throughout the project, and will act as a record

of the communication/public involvement process.

8.3. Briefing Paper

A briefing paper for the project has been compiled and the aim of this document is to provide a

brief outline of the proposed project, provide preliminary details regarding the EIA process, and

explain how I&APs could become involved in the project. The briefing paper, together with a

comment sheet and relevant map, will be distributed to all identified stakeholders and I&APs

inviting them to register for the proposed project and submit details of any issues and concerns

that they may have.


E02.JNB.000540


02

8/27/2010


of 38

8.4. Consultation and Public Involvement

Through consultations with I&APs and Stakeholders, issues for inclusion within the

Environmental Scoping Report will be identified and recorded. Consultations will take the form

of telephonic interviews with key I&APs and stakeholders to inform them of the proposed project

and to record their comments. In addition, a Local Authority Focus Group Meeting was held on

the 10 March 2010 at the Nelspruit Public Library. Minutes of this consultation will be included

within the Final Environmental Scoping Report.

A public meeting was held on 11 March 2010 at the Nelspruit Public Library during the review

period of the draft Environmental Scoping Report. In accordance with the requirements of the EIA

Regulations, this meeting was advertised 10 days prior to the event. The primary aim of this

meeting was to:

• disseminate background information regarding the proposed project to I&APs,

• supply more information regarding the EIA process and the findings of the specialist studies

undertaken;

• answer questions regarding the project and the EIA process;

• obtain feedback from I&APs with respect to the proposed project; and

• receive input regarding the public participation process.

These minutes will be included within the Final Scoping Report. Networking with I&APs, will

continue throughout the duration of the project.

8.5. Social Issues Trail

Issues and concerns raised during the public participation process will be compiled into an

Issues Trail. This information will be incorporated within the final Environmental Scoping Report.

8.6. Public Review of Draft Environmental Scoping Report

The draft Environmental Scoping Report was made available for review at the following public

locations within the study area, which were identified as readily accessible to I&APs:

• Nelspruit Public Library -

• Mbombela Municipality Offices -

• Bohlweki Environmental Offices - 21 Woodlands Drive, Woodmead, Johannesburg

The availability of this draft report was advertised in the newspapers. A 30-day period is allowed

for this review process, from 25 February 2010 to 25 March 2010. I&APs registered on the

project database were notified of the availability of this report.

Through the first phase of the report review which occurred between February and March 2010

there was a request from the Interested and Affected Parties that additional studies be

conducted for the project and they are Social and Herpetology studies. The studies were

conducted accordingly and they form part of the Amended Scoping Report. This report will be

made available for public review on 27 August 2010 to 28 August 2010 at the venues which

were previously used for the first draft. The Interested and Affected Parties will once again be

informed accordingly on the availability of the amended report.


E02.JNB.000540


02

8/27/2010


of 39

9. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Based on the identification and preliminary assessment of the potentially significant issues, it is

recommended that further investigations be conducted for all preferred powerline alignments for

the transmission lines and site alternatives for the proposed substation, and these will be

assessed in the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Phase of the process. The Scoping

process has not revealed any environmental fatal flaws associated with any of the alternatives

under consideration.

In order to ensure that the required mitigation measures are implemented, it is recommended

that an EMP be compiled for the project, and attached to the final Environmental Impact

Assessment report, in order to transfer the findings of the environmental studies into practical

measures. This EMP should form part of the contract for the construction and operation of the

proposed project.


E02.JNB.000540


02

8/27/2010


of 40

10. PLAN OF STUDY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

10.1. Process Phases

The environmental studies will be undertaken within the two phases, as follows:

• Environmental Scoping Study

A desk-top issues-based Environmental Scoping Study has been undertaken for the proposed

project. Existing information and input from specialists, the Authorities and Interested and

Affected Parties (I&APs) was used to identify and evaluate potential environmental impacts

(both social and biophysical) associated with the proposed project. No environmental fatal

flaws associated with the proposed project were identified through the Environmental Scoping

Study, although a number of potentially significant environmental impacts have been identified

as requiring further in-depth study. Therefore, the EIA is required to be undertaken in order to

provide an assessment of these potential impacts and recommend appropriate mitigation

measures where required. The EIA will be used as an instrument to further identify, discuss and

evaluate alternative sites.

• Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

All potentially significant environmental impacts (social and biophysical) associated with the

proposed project have been identified in the Scoping Study and will be further investigated and

assessed within the EIA through specialist studies. Mitigation measures will be proposed,

where required. The EIA will also be utilised as an instrument for the identification and

evaluation of the corridor alternatives. The EIA will aim to adequately investigate and address

all environmental issues in order to provide DEA ad MDARDLA with sufficient information to

make an informed decision regarding the proposed project.

10.2. Particulars of the Applicant

Applicant: Eskom Distribution Northern Region

Contact Person: Mr Josiah Zungu

Telephone Number: 013 755 9655

Email: [email protected]

10.3. Environmental Consultants

Consultant: Bohlweki-SSI Environmental

Contact Person: Ms Sibongile Gumbi

Telephone number: 011 798 6449

Email: [email protected]


E02.JNB.000540


02

8/27/2010


of 41

• Environmental Study Team

Bohlweki SSI Environmental has been appointed by Eskom Distribution Northern Region as

independent environmental consultants, to undertake the Environmental Scoping Study for the

proposed project. Details of the environmental study team and their fields of specialisation are

as follows:

Team Member Responsibility

EAP

Malcolm Roods Project Manager for EIA. He will provide strategic input into the

Scoping and EIA phases, as well as into the EMP. In addition, he

will be responsible for the review of specialist studies

Sibongile Gumbi Sibongile responsibilities will include regular liaison with the Client

and the environmental authorities, and on-going review of progress

of all aspects of the project. She will also be responsible for the

compilation of a consolidated EIA Report and an EMP for the

Project. This will include recommendations regarding appropriate

mitigation measures. She will provide support in the management

of the public participation process for the project.

Sibongile Hlomuka Sibongile is responsible for the management of the Public

Participation Process. She will be responsible for the day-to-day

management and co-ordination of the public participation process

SPECIALISTS

Luke Strugnell

(Endangered Wildlife

Trust)

Specialist input with regards to the identification and evaluation of

potential impacts on avifauna.

Riaan Robbeson (

Bathusi Environmental

Consulting)


potential impacts on biodiversity.

Luke Verburgt ( Enviro-

Insight)


potential impacts on herpetofauna.

Udo Kussel ( African

Heritage Consulting)


potential impacts on heritage resources.

Nonka Byker ( Master

Q Research)


potential impacts on social issues.


E02.JNB.000540


02

8/27/2010


of 42

10.4. Approach to undertaking the project

• Authority Consultation

Consultation with all relevant authorities initiated during the Scoping Phase will continue

throughout the duration of the project. The representatives from the relevant Departments will

be requested to formally provide input into the EIA process. The authorities to be consulted

include:

• National Department of Environmental Affairs

• Mpumalanga Department of Agriculture, Rural Development and Land Administration

• Environmental Impact Assessment

Aims of the Environmental Impact Assessment

The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) will aim to achieve the following:

• to provide an overall assessment of the social and biophysical environments affected by the

proposed project;

• to assess the study area in terms of environmental criteria;

• to identify and recommend appropriate mitigation measures for potentially significant

environmental impacts; and

• to undertake a fully inclusive public participation process to ensure that I&AP issues and

concerns are recorded.

Detailed Specialists Studies to be undertaken as part of the EIA

A number of potentially significant issues were identified within the Scoping Study. These issues

require further investigation within an EIA in order to ensure that potential environmental

impacts associated with the proposed project are limited through mitigation. The specialist

studies to be undertaken during the EIA will take the relevant DEA and MDARDLA Guidelines

into account.

• Avifauna

The avifauna study will identify the following impacts namely impacts of powerlines on birds,

comparison of substation alternative sites and powerline route alignment, selection of the

preferred alignment for the powerline and preferred site for the substation and provide mitigation

measures.

The Terms of Reference for the avifaunal impact assessment is as follows:

• Provide a profile of the baseline information with respect to the Avifauna, from both a

regional and local perspective with a specific focus on the local context and the study area,

particularly along the proposed route alignments and new substation sites. As part of this

description the following aspects are to be covered:


E02.JNB.000540


02

8/27/2010


of 43

o Identify and describe the main ecosystems and habitats in the area, with emphasis on

protected, threatened and vulnerable ones.

o Identify and describe the land use types and plant communities within the study area.

o Identify potentially occurring bird species and those of conservation concern.

• Assess the biodiversity status of the study area with the view of identifying sensitivities and

areas that may be considered as ‘no-go’ areas. Also suggest any local deviations where

appropriate. Provide supporting reasons in each option.

• Map all relevant aspects.

• Give an indication of likely environmental issues and, or potentially occurring impacts on the

ecological biodiversity that can be expected as a result of the proposed activity (pre-

construction, construction, operational and decommissioning phases). Also address

cumulative impacts that have been identified.

• Biodiversity

The following terms of reference will be used in assessing the biodiversity impacts

• Assessment of Biophysical Attributes

o Data Selection Process

o Biophysical Sensitivities - GIS Analysis

• Assessment of Floristic Attributes

o Floristic Patterns & Regional Diversity

o Floristic Sensitivity

o Red Data Flora Assessment

• Assessment of Faunal Attributes

o General Faunal Diversity

o Red Data Fauna Probabilities

o Faunal Habitat Sensitivities

• Criteria for the Classification of an Impact

o Nature

o Extent (Scale)

o Duration

o Intensity

o Probability

o Significance

o Impact Categories

• Assessment of route alignments and nomination of the preferred.

• Assessment of substation sites and nomination of the preferred.

• Herpetology

Herpetology study will be use the following methodology in assessing the impacts.

• Assessment of impacts on herpetofauna

• Assessment of habitat destruction

• Assessment of Substation alternative sites and powerline route alignment and

• Nomination of the preferred alignment route and substation site.


E02.JNB.000540


02

8/27/2010


of 44

• Heritage

The following terms of reference will be used in assessing the heritage impacts

• Assessment of heritage artefacts

• Assessment of substation alternatives and powerline route alignment and

• Nomination of the preferred route alignment and substation site

• Social

The following methodology will be used in adequately potential assessing the social impacts as

outlined below.

Information Requirements Proposed Methodology

GEOGRAPHICAL CHANGE PROCESSES

1. The agricultural potential of the farmlands along the corridors and at the substation sites;

2. Detail on landownership along the corridors and for the substation sites;

3. The size and number of expected construction and operational vehicles as well as which route(s) will be used to gain access to the various construction sites;

4. Planned developments for the study area; and

5. Whether or not any land claims exist on any of the land along the route alternatives.

1. Obtain information from the agricultural potential specialist study for inclusion in the assessment.

2. Obtain landowner detail from the public participation consultant. Consult with these landowners via the public participation focus group meetings.

3. Obtain information from Eskom on the size and number of construction and operational vehicles and the frequency with which these vehicles will pass through the area.

4. Consult with the local municipality via the public participation focus group meetings to determine where future developments will take place.

5. Obtain information from the public participation consultants on any land claims in the area.

DEMOGRAPHICAL CHANGE PROCESSES

1. Confirmation on the composition of the construction workforces in terms of size, skills levels, and origin;

2. The composition of the maintenance workforce and their activities;

3. The number of local employment opportunities as this could influence the number of people entering the area; and

4. A more refined route alignment within the various route corridors to gain a better understanding of the space constraints and the resultant potential for relocation of households and/or infrastructure.

1. Verify information on the construction workforce in terms of size, skills level and origin with Eskom.

2. Obtain information from Eskom on the size of the maintenance workforce and their activities.

3. Obtain information from Eskom on the potential for local employment.

4. If available, obtain information from the specialist workshop and Eskom on a more refined route alignment to determine the number of potential relocations within a corridor.


E02.JNB.000540


02

8/27/2010


of 45


ECONOMICAL CHANGE PROCESSES

1. The total size of affected farm portions;

2. The types of activities that are pursued on any given (affected) property;

3. The income derived from these activities;

4. Capital investments that have been made on (affected) properties with the aim to generate income;

5. The number of people that are employed by affected farmlands;

6. Future plans/activities for the affected properties;

7. The negotiation process with private landowners in terms of land acquisition, e.g. how compensation is calculated, when the process will take place, etc.;

8. The local employment opportunities that will be created, both direct and indirect formal and informal job opportunities;

9. Future development plans for the area in general and how the proposed development could affected and/or enhance such development plans; and

10. If available, the average period of employment and an outline of a typical salary package for unskilled labour, if such labour will be sourced from within the local community.

1-6. Consult with affected landowners via the

public participation focus group meetings.

7. Verify information on the negotiation process with Eskom.

8. Obtain information from Eskom on the potential for local employment.

9. Consult with the local municipality via the public participation focus group meetings to determine where and what future developments will take place.

10. Obtain information from Eskom on the average period of employment and an outline of a typical salary package for construction workers.

INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL CHANGE PROCESSES

1. Local communities’ perception on the proposed project and their issues and concerns;

2. The affected municipalities’ ability to sustain additional connections to the local municipal network in the event that these services are acquired from the municipalities at the construction site (and in the event that a residential construction village is utilised); and

3. Whether a construction village will be used, and if so, the most likely location for such a construction village, how many workers would be housed within the construction village, and the housing conditions.

1. Assess the issues and response register. Consult with interest groups via the public participation focus group meetings.

2. Consult with the local municipality via the public participation focus group meetings.

3. Obtain information from Eskom to determine the likelihood for the use of a residential construction village and how the location for such a village is determined.

SOCIO-CULTURAL CHANGE PROCESSES

1. The history of the areas affected and of these areas’ local residents;

1. Undertake a desktop study to expand the information on the history of the local area.


E02.JNB.000540


02

8/27/2010


of 46


2. What residents value in the local area (i.e. why have the settled in the area);

3. The cultural dynamics of the existing settlements and their ability to accommodate and/or integrate workers from outside their community;

4. The daily activities of surrounding residents and their cultural attachment to the area; and

5. Information on areas that hold a specific significance for local residents.

2. Consult with local residents via the public participation focus group meetings.

3-5. Assess information obtained from focus group meetings.


E02.JNB.000540


02

8/27/2010


of 47

10.5. Public Participation Proccess for the EIA Phase

• On-going Consultation with all I&APs

On-going consultation with key stakeholders (e.g. local authorities, relevant government

departments, local business), and other identified I&APs will ensure that I&APs are kept

informed regarding the EIA findings and proposed mitigation measures. Networking with I&APs

will effectively continue throughout the duration of the project until the closure of the EIA phase.

The database and issues trail will be continually updated throughout the process.

• Public Involvement

A public meeting will be held to provide the general public with feedback regarding the findings

of the EIA, and to provide detail regarding mitigation measures proposed. In accordance with

the requirements of the EIA Regulations, the public meetings will be advertised 10 days prior to

the event. I&APs registered on the project database will be notified of this public meeting by

letter. In addition, local authorities will be invited to attend a focus group meeting, in order to

encourage continued participation in the process. Formal minutes of the public meeting and

focus group meetings will be compiled and distributed to the attendees. These proceedings will

also be included in the final EIA report.

• Social Issues Trail

Issues and concerns raised during the public participation process of the EIA phase will be

compiled into an Issues Trail. Proceedings of meetings and comments received will also form

part of the document. This record of issues will provide a consolidated list in order to ensure

that all issues and concerns raised by I&APs are considered within the EIA process.

10.6. Compilation of the Environmental Impact Report

The EIA Report will include and address the following:

• a project description (including a description of the proposed activity, plans illustrating the

study area and proposed site, and detailed technical details regarding the proposed

project);

• a description of the pre-construction environment;

• a description of the public participation process, including the identification of I&APs, a

record of the procedures followed, and the perceptions and views of the I&APs regarding

the activity;

• a description of environmental (biophysical and social) issues identified and potential

impacts of the proposed project on these aspects (i.e. how the environment may be affected

as a result of the proposed activity)

• assessment of impacts identified in the Scoping Study which were determined to be

significant. These impacts will be assessed in terms of the nature, extent, duration, intensity,

severity and probability of the impact occurring;

• conclusions and recommendations regarding the presence of any environmental fatal flaws

and recommendations (including a preferred site and mitigation and management

measures) regarding the proposed project.

• Furthermore, the EIA Report will comply with Regulation 32 of GN 385 and other applicable

regulations/guidelines insofar as content and issues addressed are concerned.


E02.JNB.000540


02

8/27/2010


of 48

• The integration of the specialist studies into a consolidated report will allow for easy

assessment of the potential environmental aspects. In order to evaluate the significance of

the identified impacts, the following characteristics of each potential impact will be identified:

• the nature, which shall include a description of what causes the effect, what will be affected

and how it will be affected;

• the extent, wherein it will be indicated whether the impact will be local (limited to the

immediate area or site of development) or regional;

• the duration, wherein it will be indicated whether the lifetime of the impact will be of a short

duration (0–5 years), medium-term (5–15 years), long term (> 15 years) or permanent;

• the probability, which shall describe the likelihood of the impact actually occurring, indicated

as improbable (low likelihood), probable (distinct possibility), highly probable (most likely), or

definite (impact will occur regardless of any preventative measures);

• the significance, which shall be determined through a synthesis of the characteristics

described above and can be assessed as low, medium or high; and

• the status, which will be described as either positive, negative or neutral.

• Eskom Distribution have the responsibility to avoid or minimise impacts and plan for their

management (in terms of the EIA Regulations), the mitigation of significant impacts will be

discussed and conclusions and recommendations regarding the preferred alternative.

10.7. Review of Environmental Impact Report

• Public Review of the draft Environmental Impact Report

The draft Environmental Impact Report will be made available at public places for public review

and comment, in accordance with the EIA Regulations. A 30-day period will be allowed for this

review process. An advert indicating the availability of this report and the information regarding

the public meeting will be placed in the local newspaper. In addition, all I&APs registered on the

project database will be notified of the public meeting and the availability of this report and the

review period by letter. All I&AP comments received during the 30-day public review period will

be incorporated into a final Environmental Scoping Report. This final report will be submitted to

the Authorities for their review and consideration.

• Authority Review of the Environmental Impact Report

The Environmental Impact Report will be submitted to DEA who will review and also consider

the comments provided by MDARDLA when making a final decision. It is envisaged that the

Final EIA report will be submitted to DEA and MDARDLA at the end of November 2010 for final

review and decision-making.

10.8. Environmental Authorisation

On receipt of the Environmental Authorisation for the project, the I&APs registered on the

project database will be informed of this Environmental Authorisation and its associated terms

and conditions in writing via fast mail and email.


E02.JNB.000540


02

8/27/2010


of 49

10.9. Work Programme

The environmental programme for the Environmental Impact Study and the key dates relevant

to the project are outlined in the table below:

Activity Timeframe

Obtain written approval of ESS and POS for EIA

from DEA October 2010

Specialist studies September 2010

Consultation with I&APs On going process

Compile a draft EIA Report September 2010

Make a draft EIA Report available for public

comment October-November 2010

Public review period October-November 2010

Finalise EIA Report November 2010

Submit Final EIA Report to DEA and MDARDLA November 2010

Full Authority review period December 2010-January

2011

Record of Decision March 2011

amended scoping report - royal haskoningdhv scoping report.pdf · amended environmental scoping...

Documents