alzheimersfinaldraft

Alzheimer’s Disease 1

Alzheimer’s Disease is the Most Significant Emerging Public Health Concern

Pearl Craig

College Prep English IV(H)/English 101

TenBarge

October 14, 2016


Thesis Statement: Despite groundbreaking research and discussion on Alzheimer’s Disease, scientists are far from finding a cure, making Alzheimer’s the most significant emerging public health concern in the U.S today.

I. Counterargument/Rebuttal- There are other diseases with greater significance deserving of greater attention

A. the leading cause of death in the U.S is heart disease, accounting for 611,105 deaths.Followed by cancer the 2nd leading cause of death in the U.S, accounting for 591,699 deaths. (“Leading Causes of Death”.2016)the leading cause of death in the U.S is heart disease, accounting for 611,105 deaths. ( “National Center for Health Statistics”.2016).

B. the number of adults with diagnosed heart disease is 27.6 million, while the number of adults who have ever been diagnosed with cancer is 20.3 million. (“National Center for Health Statistics”.2016).

C. The CDC estimated the total costs of heart disease to be $207 billion annually. (“Heart Disease Fact Sheet”. 2016). In 2010 alone, cancer care cost was $157 billion. (“Chronic Disease Overview”.2016).

II. The generic treatment and understanding of Alzheimer’s Disease, illustrates progress still to be made in the discussion of Alzheimer’s

A. According to the National Institute on Aging “Alzheimer’s disease is complex, and it is unlikely that any one drug or other intervention can successfully treat it. Current approaches focus on helping people maintain mental function, manage behavioral symptoms, and slow or delay the symptoms of disease ”(“Alzheimer's Disease Fact Sheet”.2016).

B. Healthline News, states that much of the research on Alzheimer’s diseases is directed towards the amyloid and tau proteins whose deformation is now known to play a key role in the presence of Alzheimer’s but scientists are still struggling to find the cause of the deformation in the protein.(Barclay, R. S. 2015)

C. According to Mayo Clinic, exercising and intaking various herbal mixtures, vitamins and other supplements such as vitamin E, ginkgo, omega 3 fatty acids, and curcumin are widely promoted as preparations that may support cognitive health or prevent or delay Alzheimer's but no strong evidence show the effectiveness of any of these supplements.(“Alzheimer’s disease”.2015)

III. The economic tolls Alzheimer’s holds in the U.S A. In 2016, the Alzheimer’s Association reported the direct cost of Alzheimer’s and other

forms of dementia to be an estimated $236 billion.(“Alzheimer's Disease”. 2016) B. The Washington Post put the cost of caring for Alzheimer’s patients into better

perspective by stating, “In the three seconds it takes you to read this sentence, taxpayers will have spent more than $15,000 to care for people with Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias. Within the hour, the cost will reach $18.3 million.” (“Alzheimer’s disease: America’s public health crisis”.2016)

C. According to healthline news, in 2015 the NIH was projected to spend $586 million on Alzheimer’s research funding, however, falling short of the projected $2 billion needed for annual research funding to stay on track to meet the 2025 prevention and treatment goal for Alzheimer’s(“Alzheimer’s Disease: What Stands Between Us and a Cure?” 2015).


IV. Effects of the disease on caregivers and family members A. The Alzheimer’s Association recorded 18.l million unpaid hours provided by 15.9

million caregivers nationwide, an economic estimated value of $221.3 billion. (“Alzheimer's Disease”. 2016).

B. Dr. Jon LaPook from CBS News sat down with Mike Daly,73, who is caring for his wife Carol. Mike explains that if he were to retire he couldn’t afford to take care of his wife and he feels obligated to do so. He explains the emotional toll, saying, “I’m dying, I really think I am, my blood pressure is like 200 over a 100. They wanted to put me in the hospital. I can’t go in the hospital… What do I do with Carol?” (Lapook, J. 2016, March 31)

C. The Alzheimer’s Association, reported, “60 percent of Alzheimer's and dementia caregivers rate the emotional stress of caregiving as high or very high; about 40 percent suffer from depression. One in five care contributors cut back on their own doctor visits because of their care responsibilities. And, among caregivers, 74 percent report they are ‘somewhat’ to ‘very’ concerned about maintaining their own health since becoming a caregiver.” (“Alzheimer's Disease”. 2016)

V. The prevalence and progression in deaths due to Alzheimer's is continuing to increase rather than decrease.

A. In 2016, the Alzheimer’s Association estimated 700.000 people in the U.S will die with Alzheimer’s, although Alzheimer’s is not the underlying cause of death in all those cases, many of the deaths are associated with Alzheimer’s, meaning they would not have died if they did not have Alzheimer’s disease (“Alzheimer's Disease”. 2016)

B. The Alzheimer’s Association revealed that from the year 2000 to 2013, the death rate increased 23 percent for people age 75 to 84, and 39 percent for people age 85 and older. (“Alzheimer's Disease”. 2016)

C. According to the Alzheimer’s foundation of America, the presence of alzheimer’s disease doubles every five years after the age of 65. (“About Alzheimer’s Disease”.2016).

VI. Call to action in the fight against Alzheimer’s A. In 2011, President Barack Obama signed into law the National Alzheimer's Project Act,

headed by U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The project had 5 main goals in mind: prevent and effectively treat Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias by 2025; enhance care quality and efficiency; expand supports for people with Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias and their families; enhance public awareness and engagement;t rack progress and drive improvement. (“National PLAN TO ADDRESS ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE: 2016 UPDATE”.2016)

B. According to the Alzheimer’s Association, In 2012, an expert panel of scientists concluded that an increase of $2 billion in annual Alzheimer’s research funding is necessary to meet the 2025 goal for the prevention and effective treatment of Alzheimer’s stated in the National Alzheimer’s Plan. However, in 2015, the NIH only spent a projected $586 million on research funding.(“Alzheimer's Disease”. 2016)

C. The Alzheimer’s Association identifies ways to join the fight as: becoming an advocate by pledging to support the Alzheimer’s association; donating; volunteering for local events; participating in various fundraising events like, the Walk to End Alzheimer’s, the


Longest Day, Flag football game; or just simply staying informed. (“Alzheimer's Disease”. 2016). Alzheimer’s Disease is a progressive brain disorder that disrupts the daily functions of

the human brain.(“Alzheimer’s disease”.2015). Patients suffer from memory loss, behavioral and

mood changes, and loss of the ability to carry out daily functions. Drugs have been administered

to treat symptoms relating to memory loss, confusion, thinking, and behavior, but there is no

drug for the prevention or cure for Alzheimer’s. Despite groundbreaking research and discussion

on Alzheimer’s Disease, scientists are far from finding a cure, making Alzheimer’s the most

significant emerging public health concern in the U.S today.

Although Alzheimer’s is a serious disease, there are arguably other diseases with greater

significance, deserving of greater attention. For instance, cancer and heart disease accounts for

most of the deaths in the United States annually. According to the Centers for Disease Control

and Prevention, in 2014 the leading cause of death in the U.S was heart disease, accounting for

611,105 deaths, followed by cancer, accounting for 591,699 deaths. (“Leading Causes of

Death”.2016). Cancer and heart disease do indeed cause a lot deaths, but of the top ten leading

causes of death in the United States, Alzheimer’s is the only one that does not have any

preventive measures or even an effective form of treatment. The attention should be placed on

Alzheimer’s rather than heart disease or cancer because health professionals know how to treat

and prevent cancer and heart disease. Evidently, not as many people die from cancer and heart

disease than they used to 20 years ago.(“QuickStats: Age-Adjusted Death Rates”. 2014).

Additionally, cancer and heart disease are more prevalent because more people are diagnosed

with heart disease and cancer, than Alzheimer’s. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention

states that the number of adults diagnosed with heart disease is 27.6 million, while the number of


adults who have been diagnosed with cancer is 20.3 million. (“National Center for Health

Statistics”.2016). Despite the millions of people who have cancer or heart disease, it is important

to recognize, that of the 20.3 million people diagnosed with cancer and the 27.6 million people

with heart disease, each accounted for only 591,699 deaths and 611,105 deaths, respectively, in

2014. It is true that more people in the U.S do have cancer or heart disease, the death rate goes

down for those suffering the from the top 2 leading causes of death in the U.S, while those

suffering from Alzheimer’s have an increased death rate.(“Change in number of Deaths”. 2016).

Furthermore, it is evident that cancer and heart disease have a significant economic toll over the

nation. The CDC estimated the total costs of heart disease to be $207 billion annually. (“Heart

Disease Fact Sheet”. 2016). In 2010 alone, cancer care cost was $157 billion. (“Chronic Disease

Overview”.2016). Cancer and Heart disease cost the nation a lot of money but Alzheimer’s

disease cost more than each of those annually and only about 5 million people in the U.S today

even have Alzheimer’s. The question will arise as to why the focus should be on Alzheimer’s

disease when it’s not affecting as many people as the other diseases. The fact of the matter is the

U.S population will only continue to age, meaning more and more people will continue to die of

Alzheimer’s if the progress of Alzheimer’s research remains as it is, thus urging Alzheimer’s as

the most significant emerging public health concern. Surely, Alzheimer’s disease is the most

significant emerging public health concern, above that of heart disease and cancer.

The generic treatment and understanding of Alzheimer’s Disease, illustrates the progress

still to be made in the discussion of Alzheimer’s, further aiding to the argument that it is the most

significant public health concern. The treatment used to target Alzheimer's has been rather

ineffectual because it does not treat the disease. According to the National Institute on Aging


“Alzheimer’s disease is complex, and it is unlikely that any one drug or other intervention can

successfully treat it. Current approaches focus on helping people maintain mental function,

manage behavioral symptoms, and slow or delay the symptoms of disease ”(“Alzheimer's

Disease Fact Sheet”.2016). Since scientists do not necessarily know how to target Alzheimer's

disease, treatments are based more on helping patients manage their symptoms and live more

comfortably. That form of treatment, although better than no treatment at all, does not give any

assurance to the millions of people affected by Alzheimer's nationwide. Moreover, scientists

have a hard time pinpointing prevention and treatment methods for Alzheimer’s patients because

of the numerous known and unknown factors that cause Alzheimer’s. Healthline News, states

that much of the research on Alzheimer’s diseases is directed towards the amyloid and tau

proteins whose deformation is now known to play a key role in the presence of Alzheimer’s but

scientists are still struggling to find the cause of the deformation in the protein.(Barclay, R. S.

2015).These two deformities cause brain cells to degenerate and die, essentially shrinking the

brain. Scientists understand the effect that beta-amyloid and tau protein have on the brain, but the

proteins themselves are another mystery filled with complexities that scientists are working hard

to understand which is quintessential in successfully treating and preventing Alzheimer’s. Also,

the only preventive methods that health professionals have as advice to those at risk of

Alzheimer’s, is merely maintaining the well known general health tips. According to Mayo

Clinic, exercising and intaking various herbal mixtures, vitamins and other supplements such as

vitamin E, ginkgo, omega 3 fatty acids, and curcumin are widely promoted as preparations that

may support cognitive health or prevent or delay Alzheimer's but no strong evidence show the

effectiveness of any of these supplements.(“Alzheimer’s disease”.2015) The so-called preventive


treatment methods for Alzheimer’s Disease is not an actual known preventive method it is more

of a suggestion. Thus saying, patients should try to stop a progressive brain disorder with

exercise and vitamins, none of which have been proven to have any effect on patients with

Alzheimer’s disease. Again, the development in treatment and preventive methods for

Alzheimer’s are fairly mediocre discoveries and approaches to cure an alarming health concern

as such.

The significance of Alzheimer’s Disease in the U.S, is additionally exemplified by the

economic toll it holds over the nation. The cost of Alzheimer’s alone is more than both of the

two leading causes of death in America. In 2016, the Alzheimer’s Association reported the direct

cost of Alzheimer’s and other forms of dementia to be an estimated $236 billion.(“Alzheimer's

Disease”. 2016). The avenues of payment range from out-of-pocket expenses by the patient’s

family to private insurance companies to medicare and medicaid which takes a huge toll on the

U.S economy. Additionally, taxpayers budget for a lot of the Alzheimer’s costs. The Washington

Post put the cost of caring for Alzheimer’s patients into better perspective by stating, “In the

three seconds it takes you to read this sentence, taxpayers will have spent more than $15,000 to

care for people with Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias. Within the hour, the cost will

reach $18.3 million.” (“Alzheimer’s disease: America’s public health crisis”.2016). The costs of

caring for anyone with a fatal illness, especially Alzheimer’s, is extremely costly to the nation.

The emerging concerns associated with Alzheimer’s Disease have gotten so alarming that the

government has to take economic precautions to budget for the fight against Alzheimer’s.

According to healthline news, the NIH projected $2 billion is needed in funding annually to stay

on track to meet the 2025 prevention and treatment goal for Alzheimer’s(Barclay, R. S. 2015).


Alzheimer’s disease does not only affect those in direct relation to the disease but the also affects

the national budget in the United States. It is important to recognize that not all diseases have a

set aside annual budget for research in the United states, especially one of such magnitude, that

form of attention is unique to only that of Alzheimer’s Disease.The economic toll Alzheimer’s

disease has on the American society is eminently clear.

The significance of Alzheimer’s disease can be expressed through the effects of the

disease on not only patients but caregivers and family members as well. Caregivers sacrifice

countless hours and money to care for Alzheimer’s patients. The Alzheimer’s Association

recorded 18.l million unpaid hours provided by 15.9 million caregivers nationwide, an economic

estimated value of $221.3 billion. (“Alzheimer's Disease”. 2016). The amount of unpaid time

put in to care for Alzheimer’s patients could nearly cover the national cost of Alzheimer’s

disease in 2016. Caregivers also fall victim to Alzheimer’s disease. They fall victim to the

sacrifice of time and income associated with caring for a loved one with Alzheimer’s. They fall

victim to the emotional toll of watching their loved one's mental decline. Dr. Jon LaPook from

CBS News sat down with Mike Daly,73, who is caring for his wife Carol. Mike explains that if

he were to retire he couldn’t afford to take care of his wife and he feels obligated to do so. He

explains the emotional toll, saying, “I’m dying, I really think I am, my blood pressure is like 200

over a 100. They wanted to put me in the hospital. I can’t go in the hospital… What do I do with

Carol?” (Lapook, J. Interviewer. & Daly, M. Interviewee. 2016, March 31.). Mike’s experience

is his own but many caregivers can relate to that same obligation of sacrifice. People often give

up their own needs to care for their family members with Alzheimer's disease. In fact, the

Alzheimer’s Association, reported, “60 percent of Alzheimer's and dementia caregivers rate the


emotional stress of caregiving as high or very high; about 40 percent suffer from depression. One

in five care contributors cut back on their own doctor visits because of their care responsibilities.

And, among caregivers, 74 percent report they are ‘somewhat’ to ‘very’ concerned about

maintaining their own health since becoming a caregiver.” (“Alzheimer's Disease”. 2016). The

toll Alzheimer’s disease has on caregivers is evident. There are nearly 16 million “Mike’s” out

there going through the same emotional and financial battle in caring for their loved ones. The

significance of the caregiver’s experience cannot be ignored, just like the mortality toll

Alzheimer’s has on the nation

The increased prevalence and progression in deaths due to Alzheimer's also aids to the

significance of the disease. As the population ages Alzheimer’s is becoming more prevalent. In

2016, the Alzheimer’s Association estimated 700.000 people in the U.S will die with

Alzheimer’s, although Alzheimer’s is not the underlying cause of death in all those cases, many

of the deaths are associated with Alzheimer’s, meaning they would not have died if they did not

have Alzheimer’s disease (“Alzheimer's Disease”. 2016). Alzheimer’s is like a plague that has

hit the older generation, more and more people will continue to die from Alzheimer’s disease if

treatment is not found. The older generation isn’t necessarily dying because they are old and they

are enduring the natural course of life. They are dying from Alzheimer’s; Alzheimer’s is killing

them unnaturally and uncomfortably. The rate of deaths due to Alzheimer's has continued to

increase over the years. The Alzheimer’s Association revealed that from the year 2000 to 2013,

the death rate increased 23 percent for people age 75 to 84, and 39 percent for people age 85 and

older. (“2016 ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE FACTS AND FIGURES”. 2016). So as time goes on,

more people that fall into the age category from 75 and older, are dying from Alzheimer’s. Age


is the leading risk factor for acquiring Alzheimer’s disease starting from the age 65 and older.

According to the Alzheimer’s foundation of America, the presence of alzheimer’s disease

doubles every five years after the age of 65. (“About Alzheimer’s Disease”.2016). Scientist

cannot stop the population from aging; but with the right attention they can stop Alzheimer’s

from killing. People are going to age, it’s just in their nature, but their memories, lives, and

dignity should not be traded at the expense of living longer. The significance of Alzheimer’s is

not to be undermined.

A solution to Alzheimer’s disease will not come tomorrow or even the next day but

attention needs to be drawn to the disease and striving efforts need to be made to cause. The

government has made noteworthy efforts to add to the cause of Alzheimer's. In 2011, President

Barack Obama signed into law the National Alzheimer's Project Act, headed by U.S. Department

of Health and Human Services. The project had 5 main goals in mind: prevent and effectively

treat Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias by 2025; enhance care quality and efficiency;

expand supports for people with Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias and their families;

enhance public awareness and engagement;t rack progress and drive improvement.

(“NATIONAL PLAN TO ADDRESS ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE: 2016 UPDATE”.2016).

While the government is on the track for a solution to Alzheimer’s disease, no blockbuster

progressions have been identified or noted. Likewise, the same goes for the estimated budget to

cover research funding for Alzheimer’s disease. According to the Alzheimer’s Association, In

2012, an expert panel of scientists concluded that an increase of $2 billion in annual

Alzheimer’s research funding is necessary to meet the 2025 goal for the prevention and effective

treatment of Alzheimer’s stated in the National Alzheimer’s Plan. However, in 2015, the NIH


only spent a projected $586 million on research funding.(“Alzheimer's Disease”. 2016). To stay

on track in meeting the 2025 goal congress needs to step up. A considerable strong effort has

been made in the establishment of the 2025 goal but the ambition should be backed with the

stated intentions. Additionally, the government alone cannot be expected to solve the

Alzheimer’s mystery, there are steps the average person can take to add to the cause. The

Alzheimer’s Association identifies ways to join the fight as: becoming an advocate by pledging

to support the Alzheimer’s association; donating; volunteering for local events; participating in

various fundraising events like, the Walk to End Alzheimer’s, the Longest Day, Flag football

game; or just simply staying informed. (“Alzheimer's Disease”. 2016). There are ways to be

involved without being directly affected by the disease or having a career in the medical field.

Showing support for the cause will always be immensely valued as dedicated professionals fight

to make headway on this fast emerging public health concern. The magic bullet for the cure to

Alzheimer’s may not come overnight but progress will be made sequentially with the support

and attention from everyone.

The most significant emerging public health concern in the U.S today is Alzheimer’s

Disease. An argument can be made that other diseases are far more pressing or deserving of

attention but those claims are ultimately false. Scientists have made remarkable discoveries

about Alzheimer’s but they have not yet been reflected in the form of an effective treatment or

prevention method. The toll Alzheimer’s holds over the economy, caregivers, and population

proves the significance of Alzheimer’s. Joining the cause in unity and support for Alzheimer’s

patients could be the most valued solution there is. Alzheimer’s Disease is the most significant

public health concern in the U.S today.


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http://content.iospress.com/search?q=author%3A%28%22Schilling,%20Melissa%20A.%22%29

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