ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND HUMAN ADIPOSE STEM

CELLS

Done by:

Mariam Imran

Noor Al-alawi

Life science 2 A03

INRODUCTION

• What's Alzheimer's Disease ?

• It is a neuro dysfunction disease.

• Number one brain disease in the world

• Millions of people are infected by this disease world wide

• What does it cause ?

1. Severe memory loss

2. Inability to form new memories

3. Inability to recognize the surroundings

• What causes Alzheimer's Disease ?

• The death of brain cells. Because of two proteins called

plaques and tangles, synaptic failure and the deprivation of

neuro cells .

• Plaques is a protein that surrounds the neuro cell

• Tangles is another protein that resides after the nerve cells

death.

How to treat Alzheimer ?

There is no definite answer yet!

• However, neurogenesis does exist in the brain proven

through recent studies. In the sub-granular zone of the

dentate gyrus in the hippocampus and the sub-ventricular

zone. Then these new cells travel through the brain to their

original location. (Anon, 2015). The difference between healthy and dead nerve cell.

• Human adipose stem cells and Alzheimer.

• Since stem cells do contribute in regeneration of cells. hASC could help in the neurogenesis of the brain.

• Neurogenesis will contribute into creating more Neuro cells, therefore no loss in memory and more

communication within the brain for Alzheimer's patients.

• hASCs are the ideal stem cells for Alzheimer's disease because they no rejection from the immune system,

no formation of tumors or any ethical issues.

In the primary articles

Scientists have questioned whether HASc will contribute to the neurogenesis of the brain? Or the treatment

for Alzheimer's disease.

They hypothesized that HAScs transplantation will improve the neurogenesis in the brain of Alzheimer's

patients.

Scientists tested their hypothesis on adult mice with Alzheimer's disease.

DISCUSSION AND RESULTS

Research within the primary article:

• Hypothesis: if hASC stem cells have a

regenerative ability, then the transplantation of

hASC’s within the hippocampus induce

endogenous neurogenesis through neuro-

protective factors.

• Tested the ability of the brain to undergo

hippocampal neurogenesis due to neurotrophic or

growth factors

• PSA-NCAM and Nestin

• Cells tested positive for PSA-NCAM and Nestin in

mice with transplanted hASC’s(kim et al., 2015). Engrafted hASCs increased endogenous neurogenesis in the brains of Tg2576 mice.

• Research within the primary article:

• Hypothesis: If the stem cells hASC’s have a

therapeutic potential, then transplanting hASC’s

intercerebraly will improve the cognitive deficits

in adult mice with Alzheimer’s.

• Tested if improvements in the cognitive deficits

caused by Alzheimer’s can be observed

• Morris Water Maze

• Mice with hASC’s spent more time within zone 4

where the object was originally hidden

(kim et al., 2015). Intravenous and intracerebral injection of hASC attenuated

learning and memory impairment in Tg2576 mouse brains.

• Research in other primary research article:

• Hypothesis: if hASC stem cells have a regenerative ability, then the transplantation of hASC’s will

induce proliferation of neural cells throughout the brain.

• Tested the ability of hASC’s to stimulate neurogenesis in the sub-granular and sub-ventricular zones of the

brain.

• Improve synaptic functioning therefore leading to improvements in cognitive abilities of mice with

Alzheimer’s

• newly proliferating cells were dispersed throughout the gyrus of the brain within the ASC transplanted

mice

(yan et al., 2015). Newly generated neuronal cells in the subgranular zone of APP/PS1 transgenic mice

Potential for stem cell therapy in the Alzheimer ’s disease

• There is potential for stem cells to become the leading treatment to prevent or hinder the effects of

Alzheimer’s Disease

• It is going to be a challenging process since first it has to determined if the hASC’s can differentiate into all

nerve cell types and communication between each is successful.

CONCLUSION

Was the Popular article accurate?

• Fair representation of the results

• Conclusion was exaggerated

REFERENCES

• Anon, (2015). [image] Available at: https://www.alz.org/braintour/plaques_tangles.asp.

• kim, S., chang, k., kim, j., Park, H., kim, H. and suh, Y. (2015). Engrafted hASCs increased endogenous neurogenesis in the brains of Tg2576 mice. Available

at: http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0045757#abstract0.

• yan, Y., mo, t., gong, k., zhang, X. and gong, Y. (2015). Newly generated neuronal cells in the subgranular zone of APP/PS1 transgenic mice.. [image]

Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.libaccess.lib.mcmaster.ca/pmc/articles/PMC4146257/.

• Adult stem cells can prevent Alzheimer's disease. (2012, September 27). Retrieved November 9, 2015, from http://www.news-

medical.net/news/20120927/Adult-stem-cells-can-prevent-Alzheimers-disease.aspx

• Gong, Y., Yan, Y., Ma, T., Gong, K., Ao, Q., & Zhang, X. (2014). Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell transplantation promotes adult neurogenesis in the

brains of Alzheimer′s disease mice. Neural Regen Res Neural Regeneration Research, 798-798. Retrieved November 8, 2015, from PubMed.

• Kim, K., Lee, H., An, J., Kim, Y., Ra, J., Lim, I., & Kim, S. (2014). Transplantation of Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells Delays Clinical Onset and

Prolongs Life Span in ALS Mouse Model. Cell Transplantation Cell Transplant, 1585-1597. Retrieved November 7, 2015.

• Kim, S., Chang, K., Kim, J., Park, H., Ra, J., Kim, H., . . . Planel, E. (2012). The Preventive and Therapeutic Effects of Intravenous Human Adipose-Derived

Stem Cells in Alzheimer’s Disease Mice. PLoS ONE, E45757-E45757. Retrieved November 7, 2015, from PubMed.