ALWD Rule 33 – Video and Visual Recordings and Broadcasts

Applicability

• Films• Motion Pictures• Broadcasts• Television Shows• Television Series• Videotapes• Filmstrips• Slide Shows

Rule 33 – Components of a Full Citation• Nonepisodic (such as a movie)

– Title (Recorder or producer date) (type of recording).

– First Monday in October (Paramount 1981) (motion picture).

• Episodic (such as a television series)– Title, “Episode title” (Recorder or producer

exact date) (type of recording).– Ally McBeal, “They Eat Horses, Don’t They?”

(Fox Broad. Co. May 31, 1999) (TV series)

Rules 33.1(a) – Titles

• Italicize the first title (but not the comma that follows the first title).

• If you are dealing with a program that is episodic, the first title should be that of the program and not the particular episode.

• Remember to follow Rule 3 on capitalization.

Rule 33.1(b) – Episodes

• The episode title, if any, follows the program title.

• Use ordinary type and enclose in quotation marks.– The Practice, “Trench Work”

(ABC Nov. 15, 1999) (TV series).

• Do not make up an episode title if none exists.

Rule 33.1(c) – Subdivisions

• If the cited source has subdivisions, such as scene numbers from a DVD, you may include that information after the episode information or, if no episode, after the title.– The Castle scene 5 (Miramax Home

Ent. 2005) (2005).

Rule 33.1(d) – Producer/Recorder

• Include the name of the person or company that produced the recording.– Use the abbreviations in Appendix 3. – Also use common sense abbreviations,

such as ABC, CBS, NBC.

• Place the producer’s name in the date parenthetical.

Rule 33.1(e)(1) – Date/Nonepisodic• Commercial, nonepisodic recording =

just the year.• Noncommercial, nonepisodic recording

= exact date (month day, year).– Remember to abbreviate the month

per Appendix 3.• Re-release: You may include

information about both releases or just the version cited.

Rule 33.1(e)(2) – Date/Episodic

• If you cite a particular episode, include the exact date of the broadcast or release.– The exact date includes the month

(abbreviate per Appendix 3), day, and year.

• If you cite an entire series, include the span of dates during which the series originally aired.– (NBC 2001–2004).– (ABC 1999–present).

Rule 33.1(f) – Type of Recording

• In a separate parenthetical, describe the type of recording in a parenthetical.– Examples:

• (motion picture).• (TV series).• (TV broadcast).• (videotape).• (DVD).

– You can use other descriptive terms.

Rule 33.1(g) – Transcript Information

• If a transcript of the recording is available, you may include the pinpoint reference (Rule 5.2) after the title. Also indicate where or how the readers might obtain a transcript of the broadcast.– 60 Minutes, “Readin’, Writin’ & Commercials” 14

–15 (CBS Oct. 10, 1993) (TV broadcast, transcript available from Burrelle’s Info. Servs., vol. XXVI, no. 4).

Rule 33.2 – Short Citations for Video and Visual Recordings and Broadcasts

• Use id. if id. is appropriate.

• If id. is not appropriate, use the following format: Title, supra n. 3. – Ally McBeal, supra n. 3.

ALWD Rule 34 – Sound Recordings

Applicability

• Records • Cassettes or other tapes• Compact Discs• Digital Video Discs• High Definition CDs• Minidisks• Super audio CD• Master Tapes

Rule 34: Components of a Full Citation – Entire Recordings

• Performer or Composer,

• Title

• (Recorder Date)

• (type of recording).

Rule 34.1(a) – Performer or Composer

• Provide the full name of the performer or composer. Follow ALWD Rule 22.1(a) for books.– A full name includes designations such as Jr. and II.– Separate two performers with an ampersand (&).– If there are three performers, the first two are

separated by a comma, and the last two are separated by an ampersand.

• Whitney Houston, Athena Cage & Mariah Carey,

• Place a comma after the performer or composer.

Rule 34 – Title

• Provide the title and any subtitles.

• Use italics.

• Follow Rule 3 for capitalization.

Rule 34.1(c) – Recorder

• Follow Rule 33.1(c).

• Abbreviate any words per Appendix 3.

• Included in the date parenthetical.

Rules 34.1(d), (e) – Date and Type of Recording

• For an entire recording, include the year for commercial recordings and the exact date for noncommercial recordings (refer to Rule 33.1(e)).

• In a parenthetical separate from the date parenthetical, describe the type of recording. Examples:– (CD).– (DVD).– (45 rpm L.P.).– (cassette tape).

Rule 34.2 – Full Citation Format for a Single Work in a Collection

• Components:– Performer or Composer.– Title of Shorter Work,– in– Title of Collection– (Recorder Date)– (type of recording)

Rule 34.2 – Example

• Eric Clapton, Further on up the Road, in Music from the Motion Picture City of Angels (Warner Bros. 1998) (CD).

Rule 34.3 – Additional Information

• You may include any information that further describes the recording or that would assist the reader – in a parenthetical.

• Joseph Silverstein, Vivaldi: The Four Seasons (Telarc 1990) (CD) (with the Boston Symphony Orchestra, conducted by Seiji Ozawa).

Rule 34.4 – Short Citations

• Entire Recordings– Use id. if id. is appropriate.– If id. is not appropriate, use the following format found in

Rule 22.2(c): Performer’s last name, supra n. 5.

• Single Works in a Collection– Use id. if id. is appropriate. Id. refers to the shorter

work, not the larger work.– If id. is not appropriate, use the following format

found in Rule 22.3(b)(2):• Last name of the performer of the shorter work, supra

n. 6.• Example: Clapton, supra n. 6.

Any final questions?