altoid tunes - cs.unca.edu · altoid tunes computing in the ... 555 timer overview ... component...

21 May 2014, Susan Reiser and Rebecca Bruce

ALTOID TUNESComputing in the Arts Workshop


AGENDA• Electronics in computer science, music technology, and new media

• Electronics: what you need to know to get started

• Schematics

• Wiring and breadboards

• How to generate sound without a processor

• Fabricate the Altoid Tunes circuit!

• Creativity & design in an otherwise scripted project


http://www.555-timer-circuits.com/toy-organ.html



SCHEMATICS

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!speaker battery resistor capacitor

LED Switches 555 Timer or other IC

Once you know how to read a schematic - the recipe for a wiring diagram - you can mine the Internet for interesting projects.


All holes in each of the four long busses (rows) are connected internally. Use these to route power and ground.

Connect this row (bus) to GND (0 volts)

Connect this row to GND (0 volts)

Connect this row to 9V

There are ten holes that form the numbered columns.

These are divided into two sets of five holes.

All holes in each set of five are connected,

but are not connected across the trench.

BREADBOARD FUNDAMENTALS

Connect this row to 9V


CURRENT FLOW


555 TIMER OVERVIEW• The 555 Timer IC is an integrated circuit

(chip).

• The IC was designed by Hans R. Camenzind in 1970 and marketed in 1971 by Signetics.

• One of the most popular, and all-around useful chips of all time.

• And did I mention inexpensive?


THE CIRCUIT INSIDE• Each of the pins is connected to the circuit which consists

of over 20 transistors, 2 diodes, and 15 resistors.


THREE MODES OF OPERATION

Bistable mode

Monostable mode


THREE MODES OF OPERATION (CONTINUED)

555 Timer Animation

Astable mode

555 Timer Animation

http://www.williamson-labs.com/pu-aa-555-timer_slow.htm

http://www.falstad.com/circuit/e-555int.html


COMPONENT SELECTIONThe frequency of an astable circuit is calculated as follows:

Approx. Frequency (Hz)

Switch 5 (highest freq.)

Switch 4 Switch 3 Switch 2 Switch 1 (lowest freq.)

Toy Organ 2200 1700 1400 1100 1000

Piano Key 1498 1335 1260 1122 1000


555 TIMER

Divot indicates pin #1 placement1

23

8765

4


POLARITY

• Some components are polar - you must pay attention to the positive and negative poles.

• Capacitors - in our project watch for the 10µF capacitor, note the line on the cap and the minuscule + sign that indicates the positive side or pole.


CAUTIONS• Electronics can hurt you

• The voltages we use won’t harm you, but lead may be in some of the parts (we order lead-free, but the components are cheap…)

• Wash up afterwards

• You can hurt electronics

• Static-sensitive: don’t shuffle your feet & touch

• Wires only bend so much and so many times


STEP 1

• Orient the push-button switch • Ditch belongs here, between AB and CD


• Orient the breadboard so that the uncut (sharp) edges are on the right

• Position the buttons beginning flush right on the breadboard and straddling the ditch

• Space the buttons 1 hole apart

STEP 2 - ADD BUTTONS


STEP 3 - ADD 555 IC• Add the 555 timer

with the divot to the right.

• Position the 555 time 2-3 holes from the left, straddling the ditch.

Divot


STEP 4

Use a small red wire to connect pin 6 to pin 2 of the 555 timer.


STEP 5

• Trim the legs of the single 4.7 kOhm resistor by cutting each leg in half.


STEP 6

Connect 4.7 kOhm resistor from pin 7 to the positive bus.


STEP 7 - 1K OHM RESISTOR

• Trim one leg by cutting off 1/4 (of one leg) of one of the 5 @ 1K ohm resistors. (3/4th of length remains)

• Trim the other leg by removing 1/2 of the length of the leg.


STEP 8 - 1K OHM RESISTOR

Connect pin 7 to 1K ohm resistor to the first leg of switch


STEP 9 - 100nF capacitor

• This is the disk-shaped, round flat, matte-finished capacitor.

• Trim off 1/3 of the both legs of the 100nF capacitor - leave 2/3 of the length.

• This cap does not have polarity.


STEP 10 - 100nF

Connect the 100nF cap to ground to pin 2


STEP 10 - 100nF

Connect the 100nF capacitor (disk shaped, round flat, matte-finished) to ground to pin 2


STEP 11 - PIN 4 TO POWER

Use a red wire to connect pin 4 to power


STEP 12 - TRIM 10µF CAPACITOR

• This is the shiny, oblong capacitor.

• Trim 10µF capacitor legs by 1/3, leave 2/3.

• This cap has polarity.


STEP 13 - CONNECT 10µF CAP

Connect the positive end of the 10µF capacitor to pin 3 and to an empty row — later we’ll connect a speaker.


STEP 13 - CONNECT 10µF CAP

Connect the positive end of 10µF capacitor to pin 3 and to an empty row — later we’ll connect a speaker.


STEP 14 - CONNECT PIN 8 TO POWER

Connect pin 8 to power.


STEP 14 - CONNECT PIN 8 TO POWER

Connect pin 8 to power with a red wire.


STEP 15 - CONNECT PIN 1 TO GROUND

Connect pin 1 to the ground bus with a black wire.


STEP 16 - CONNECT THE SPEAKER

• Connect one leg of the speaker to the row with the negative pole of the 10µF cap. • Connect the other leg to the ground bus.


STEP 17

Connect the two power busses with the long yellow wire.


STEP 18

Connect battery to the clip.


STEP 19

• Connect the battery wires to the ground and positive bus on the side with the speaker.

• If you smell burning, disconnect the battery immediately.


STEP 20A - HAM IT UP!

Press the button and listen for a squeal.


STEP 20B - PUSH THE BUTTON!

Press the button and listen for a tone.


STEP 20C - AND ONE MORE TIME!

Press the button and listen for a tone.


STEP 21 - CONNECT 2ND BUTTON

• Trim the legs of R4 by half, connect from the previous resistor (R5) to the leading leg of push button 4.

• On the opposite side of the ditch, connect push button 5’s trailing leg to the trailing leg of push button 4.


STEP 22A

• Test it! Both buttons should play independently. • Only the tone of the higher frequency button will play if you press two

buttons.


STEP 22B

• Test it! Both buttons should play independently. • Only the tone of the higher frequency button will play if you press two

buttons simultaneously.


STEP 23 - CONNECT 3RD BUTTON




STEP 24 - CONNECT 4TH BUTTON




STEP 25 - CONNECT 5TH BUTTON




STEP 26 - TIN IT!• Remove battery and

speaker

• Place the breadboard in the tin

• Make sure the push buttons are aligned with the thumb tacks, i.e. “keys”


STEP 27 - THREAD THE SPEAKER THROUGH THE HOLE AT LEFT


STEP 28 - DISCONNECT ONE BATTERY CLIP


STEP 29 - THREAD BATTERY WIRES THROUGH HOLE IN TIN AND

RECONNECT CLIPS


STEP 30 - FIDDLE WITH THE “KEYS” TO MAKE THEM WORK

• This may require hot glue, or repositioning the keys or a total redesign…


STEP 31 - HOT GLUE OR USE DOUBLE-SIDED TAPE TO CONNECT

BATTERY AND SPEAKER TO TIN


THIS IS A “CANNED” PROJECT - HOW TO ADD DESIGN?

Use resistors to “tune” the notes Redesign “keys”

Decorate tin


WHERE TO ORDERAdaFruit

Good prices, Many starter packs Accepts purchase orders!

SparkFun LilyPad, lots of sensors, kits, and fun stuff,

MakerSHED Make Magazine’s store, Get your blimpduino here!

Digikey/Grainger Resisters, switches, LEDs, transistors Useful chips (555, H-bridge, op amps)

Radio Shack Ack! We should have ordered this last week…

All-Electronics Cheap surplus stuff, lots of motors.

Big Lots Cheapest source of USB cables, toys for circuit bending.

Amazon Be careful when ordering, but may have great prices.

Jameco Great selection, decent prices.

altoid tunes - cs.unca.edu · altoid tunes computing in the ... 555 timer overview ... component...

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