allergies & anaphylaxis. 2 what is an allergy? allergies occur when the immune system becomes...
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Allergies & Allergies & AnaphylaxisAnaphylaxisAllergies & Allergies & AnaphylaxisAnaphylaxis
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What is an Allergy?What is an Allergy?Allergies occur when the immune system becomesunusually sensitive and overreacts to commonsubstances that are normally harmless. Examples
are:
• Foods – eggs, milk, peanuts/nuts, shellfish and some food additives
• Stings from bees, wasps, hornets and some ants• Medications – penicillin, sulfa drugs• Exercise• Latex (gloves/medical devices)
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What is What is Anaphylaxis?Anaphylaxis?
• Occurs when a person is exposed to an allergen causing a severe, life-threatening allergic response
• Reactions commonly occur within 10-30 min but can be delayed for 2-3 hours
• Affects various organ systems including the skin, respiratory and cardiovascular
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Why is this life-Why is this life-threatening?threatening?
• Causes airway obstruction/lack of oxygen to the brain
• Increases risk of SHOCK, which leads to widespread tissue damage, organ failure and eventually death
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Prevention = Having a Prevention = Having a PlanPlan
• Check the School Medical Alert List to familiarize yourself with students in your school/class who have medical conditions and allergies
• Note all students who require single dose auto-injectors and where these are stored for each student
• Review emergency care plans for individual students
• Recognize allergy sources and triggers
• Know how and when to administer medication
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Mild or Early Mild or Early AnaphylaxisAnaphylaxis
• Itching of the lips or mouth
• Flushing or sweating
• Anxiety and/or restlessness
• Mild irritating cough or sneezing
• Hives
• Neck and Facial swelling
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Mild to Moderate Anaphylaxis : Hives and Swelling of face
Before giving Epinephrine After giving Epinephrine
www.natureshomoeo.com.au/image/student.JPG
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Moderate or Severe Moderate or Severe AnaphylaxisAnaphylaxis
• Swelling of the throat or mouth
• Chest tightness and pain
• Wheezing or difficulty breathing
• Rapid, weak pulse
• Pallor and low blood pressure
• Dizziness or loss of consciousness
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Moderate Allergic Reaction: Swollen lips/face and hives present
www.sovereign-publications.com/.../ANAPHYL.jpg
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10health.yahoo.com/media/healthwise/h9991075.jpg
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Anaphylaxis: What should I do?
1. Administer single dose epinephrine auto-injector 2. Call 9113. Notify Parent/Guardian4. Administer second auto-injector in 10 to 15 minutes,
or sooner IF symptoms do not improve or if symptoms recur
5. Have ambulance transport student to hospital
*Epinephrine is the only way to reverse the effects of anaphylaxis & therefore needs to be given ASAP
**Remember, the Epinephrine may only last for 15 minutes, calling 911 is very important
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What is a Single Dose, What is a Single Dose, Epinephrine Auto-Epinephrine Auto-
injector?injector?
• A single dose auto-injector is an easy way to give epinephrine/adrenaline to someone having an allergic reaction
• E.g. EpiPen®, Twinject®
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What is in an What is in an EpiPen®?EpiPen®?
Single dose of epinephrine
www.healthofstudentren.com
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Using the EpiPen® Using the EpiPen® Auto-InjectorAuto-Injector
1. Remove the device from the plastic protective container
2. Remove the GREY GREY capcap from device
3. Press BLACK tip to thigh until a loud “click” is heard
4. Hold in place for 10-15 seconds
www.allergycapital.com.au
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Using the EpiPen® Using the EpiPen® Auto-InjectorAuto-Injector
5. Remove the pen from the thigh6. The needle can now be seen, place auto-
injector back in protective case7. Apply pressure to injection site with a
tissue or bandage if there is bleeding8. Follow Standard Precautions for your
safety
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What is a What is a Twinject®?Twinject®?
•Contains two doses of epinephrine in a single device
•First dose given the same way as EpiPen®, the second dose is a manual inter-muscular injection
www.outdoored.com
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Using the Twinject® Auto-Injector
1. Pull off GREEN end cap labeled “1”
2. Pull off RED end cap labeled “2”
3. Press GREY cap into outer thigh until unit activates
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Using the Twinject® Auto-Injector
4. Hold Twinject® in place for 10 seconds
5. Apply pressure to injection site with a tissue or bandage if there is bleeding
6. Follow Standard Precautions for your safety
**Remember, staff are not recommended to give dose two (manual IM injection of epinephrine)
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What to do after giving a single dose auto-
injector?• Have student lie still on his or her back with feet higher than the head
• Loosen tight clothing and cover student with
blanket
• If there is vomiting, turn student on side to prevent choking
• Don’t give anything to drink
• Send auto-injector with student to hospital
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Conclusion:Conclusion:Follow the three A’sFollow the three A’s
• Awareness– Know the triggers– Know the emergency plan and how to administer
medication
• Avoidance– Avoid contact with allergens, make classrooms safe
• Action– Give single dose, single-use auto-injector and call
911. – Don’t delay!
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ResourcesResources
• For more information contact your Public Health Nurse
• www.aaia.ca (Allergy/Asthma Information Assoc.)
• www.anaphylaxis.org (Anaphylaxis Canada)• www.epipen.ca (EpiPen®)• www.twinject.ca (Twinject®)• www.medicalert.ca • www.bchealthguide.org/healthfiles
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ReferencesReferences
• AAIA Anaphylaxis Reference Kit (2007) by the Allergy and Asthma Information Association, Health Canada
• Anaphylaxis in Schools & Other Settings (2005) by the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.
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Any Questions?Any Questions?