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Missouri River Bed Degradation Missouri River Bed Degradation StudyStudy

Greater Kansas City Post Industry Day Education & Training

Workshop28 January 2009

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Presentation Contents

• Background• Impacts• Data• Potential Causes

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Bed Degradation

Impacts

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Examples of Degradation Impacts••Power Plant Intakes RequiredPower Plant Intakes Required

ModificationModification

••Public Water Supply Intakes RequiredPublic Water Supply Intakes Required

ModificationModification

••Tributary ErosionTributary Erosion

••River Bank Instability River Bank Instability

••Pipeline Crossings ExposedPipeline Crossings Exposed

••Drainage Outfall Structure InstabilityDrainage Outfall Structure Instability

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Degradation Exposing Bridge Pier Footings

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Tributary Head-cutting Causing Bank Failure on Tributary

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Degrading River Creating a Perched Outlet

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•Bank Failures•Continued Tributary Head Cutting•Power Plant Water Intakes Problems•Levees and Floodwalls Placed in Jeopardy•Water Supply Intakes Continue to Require Modifications•Pipeline Crossings Impacted•Additional Tributary Bridge Crossings at Risk•Navigation Obstructions Exposed•Loss Missouri River Recovery Shallow Water Habitat•Lower Groundwater Levels Damage Wetlands •Water Supply Groundwater Pumping Costs Increase

Concerns for the Future

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Data

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Existing Data Sources

• Aerial Photography• Historical Hydrographic Surveys• Low Water Profiles• USGS Gathered Data from Discharge

Measurements

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September 23, 1954E:\CIVE544\Case Study\1954channelPhotos\moriv_grey61775.tif

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Current Google Earth Image

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Missouri River Cross-Section RM 365.1

690

700

710

720

730

740

750

760

770

10000 10100 10200 10300 10400 10500 10600 10700 10800 10900 11000 11100 11200 11300 11400 11500 11600

Distance From Left Bank in Feet

Bed

Ele

vatio

n in

Fee

t

1952 1974 1998 2007

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Missouri River Mile 370.5

690

700

710

720

730

740

750

760

770

10000 10500 11000 11500 12000

Distance from Left Bank in Feet

Elev

atio

n in

Fee

t

1974 1998 1952 2007

Missouri River Cross-Section RM 370.5

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Lower Missouri River Low Water Profiles1990 and 2005

(Adjusted to Common Construction Reference Plane Discharges)

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

River Miles

Wat

er S

urfa

ce E

leva

tion

in F

eet

1990 Profile 2005 Profile

Difference ????

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Change in Low Water Profile 1990 to 2005

Change in Low Water Profile Between 1990 and 2005

Rulo

St. Joseph

Kansas City

Waverly

BoonvilleHermann

St. Charles

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

050100150200250300350400450500

River Miles Above Mouth

(- D

egra

datio

n)

Cha

nge

in F

eet

(+

Agg

rada

tion)

55,900 cfs38,900 cfs 40,600 cfs 44,200 cfs 45,100 cfs 48,300 cfs

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USGS Discharge Measurements

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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR - U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY - WATER RESOURCES

Long-Form Discharge Measurement Summary

STATION NUMBER 06893000 Missouri River at Kansas City, MO SOURCE AGENCY USGS STATE 29 COUNTY 095

LATITUDE 390642.2 LONGITUDE 0943517.3 NAD83 DRAINAGE AREA 484100 CONTRIBUTING DRAINAGE AREA DATUM 706.40 NGVD29

Date Processed:2008-12-05 10:08 By jloewel

Meas+ACM-: 4940 STAGE: 7.12 RATED: F IND. SHIFT: RAT ANLY Q: STATUS: LDATE: 2008/01/16 DISCH: 34700 GHCH: 0.0 APP. SHIFT: 1.03 AUX. GH: TIME: 1352 CST QCODE: MEAS TIME: 0.2 BASE +ACU-DIFF: STD. SEC. AREA: PARTY: JBW/TEH RATING: BAFLOW: UNSP SHFT +ACU-DIFF: 0.0 STD. SEC VEL: MEAN INDEX VEL: CONTROL LOCATION: CONTROL CONDITION: ClearCONTROL REMARKS: MEASUREMENT REMARKS:

CHANNEL 1 :NAME: Unspecified LOC: UNSP Q METH: QADCP HORIZ DIST: UNSP TYPE: UNSP DISCH: 34700 VEL. METH: VADCP VEL DESC: UNSP WIDTH: 752 AREA: 9720 MEAN VEL: 3.57 +ACU-MEAS: NAV METH: UNSP WATER MODE: UNSP COEFF VAR: CELL SIZE: CHANNEL CONDITION: Unspecified

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Average Bed Elevation Based on Hydraulic Depth from USGS Measurements @ Kansas City, MO

695

700

705

710

715

720

1925 1930 1935 1940 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Ave

rage

Bed

Ele

vatio

n

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Average Bed Elevation @ Kansas CityMissouri River Mile 366.1

699

704

709

714

1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010Year

Bed

Ele

vatio

n

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Mean Bed Elevation From Multiple USGS Measurements

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Average Bed Stage @ USGS Stream GagesMissouri River

Referenced to a Common Stage of 15 feet in 1950

0.01.02.03.04.05.06.07.08.09.0

10.011.012.013.014.015.016.017.018.019.020.0

1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Year

Bed

Sta

ge in

Fee

t (19

50 b

ed s

tage

= 1

5 ft

.)

Rulo St Joseph Kansas City Waverly Boonville Hermann

Rulo

Waverly

St. Joseph

Boonville

Hermann

Kansas City

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Missouri River at St. Joseph USGS GageMeasured Discharges

785.00

790.00

795.00

800.00

805.00

810.00

815.00

820.00

1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000

Discharge in CFS

Wat

er S

urfa

ce E

leva

tion

in F

eet

1929 to 19351940 to 19451951 to 19581968 to 19791980 to 19921993 to 2004

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Missouri River at Kansas City USGS GageMeasured Discharges

700.0

710.0

720.0

730.0

740.0

750.0

760.0

1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000

Discharge in CFS

Wat

er S

urfa

ce E

leva

tion

in F

eet

1980 to 19921993 to 20041968 to 19791929 to 19351951 to 19581940 to 1945

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Missouri River at Waverly USGS GageMeasured Discharges

645.00

650.00

655.00

660.00

665.00

670.00

675.00

680.00

1,000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000

Discharge in CFS

Wat

er S

urfa

ce E

leva

tion

in F

eet

1929 to 19351940 to 19451951 to 19581968 to 19791980 to 19921994 to 2002

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Water Surface Elevation

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Potential Causes

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Potential Causes of Degradation(listed in general historical sequence)

••Land Use ChangesLand Use Changes

••Dikes and Revetment Construction (Navigation)Dikes and Revetment Construction (Navigation)

••River CutRiver Cut--Offs Offs

••Major Flood EventsMajor Flood Events

••Missouri River and Tributaries Dam Construction Missouri River and Tributaries Dam Construction

••Flow Modification by Reservoir RegulationFlow Modification by Reservoir Regulation

••Commercial Sand/Aggregate DredgingCommercial Sand/Aggregate Dredging

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Dikes and Revetment Dikes and Revetment Construction Construction

(Bank Stabilization and (Bank Stabilization and Navigation Project)Navigation Project)

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Dikes and Revetment Construction(Bank Stabilization and Navigation Project)

• The dikes and revetments were designed primarily to maintain an open navigatable channel during times of low flow.

• This results in sediments that would ordinarily be deposited for a given discharge being transported downstream.

• The lack of stream bed recovery is consistent with the design and function of the dikes and revetments.

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Dikes and Revetments Kansas City Reach

• Kansas City reach has required additional dikes and the accompanying flow restrictions to support navigation.

• Resulted in a very constrictive dike system to maintain a navigation channel.

• River that is very efficient at “cleaning” and maintaining the low-flow channel.

• Modifications lowering the channel bed either natural or man induced are unlikely to return to pre-event levels.

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New Dikes Miles of Revetment Dike Extensions

Year Number % of Total Length % of Total Number % of Total

1880 0 5.44 0

1890 3 16.76 0

1900 0107 36.31 034

1910 120 39.26 42

1920 241 119.27 67

1930 681 179.28 130

1940 2572 328.34 843

1950 2804 412.63 972

1960 3907 474.43 1659

1970 4507 565.75 2984

1977 4745 598.69 3371

1980 4889 NA NA

1990 4963 NA NA

2000 5021 NA NA

2007 5030 NA NA

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Dike Installation Over Time

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020

Date

Num

ber

Com

plet

ed

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

Dike Installation History (Dikes are rocks structures generally perpendicular to river flow.)

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Summary(Bank Stabilization and Navigation Project Impacts)

• Drastically changed the Missouri River channel

• Degraded low flow channel• Inhibits deposition in degraded reaches• Essentially complete in 1980s

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River Cut-Offs

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River Cut-off Locations and ExtentsName Pre Cut-

Off Slope ft/mi

~ River Mile Miles Cut-Off Date of Cut-Off

Napoleon Bend

- 324 ~8.2 1915

Blue River Bend

- 357 ~0.5 1940

Liberty Bend

.77 352 ~3.6 1950

Jackass Bend

- 337 ~4.6 1957

St. Joseph .75 450 ~6.2 1956

Total MilesTotal Miles ~23.1~23.1

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River Mile before Cut-Off

Ave

rage

Inve

rt El

evat

ion

Cut

-off

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River Mile after Cut-Off

Ave

rage

Inve

rt El

evat

ion

Cut

-off

Slope before cut-off

Potential erosion

ΔB

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Missouri RiverChange in River Mile

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

1960 River Mile

Cha

nge

in R

iver

Mile

1890 to1932

1890 to1960

1932 to1960

Kans

as C

ity,

Han

niba

l Brid

geLi

berty

Ben

d

Na p

oleo

n B

end

Jack

-Ass

Ben

d

Belm

ont B

end

Bend

s ab

ove

Atch

ison

St.

Atch

ison

Wav

erly

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Cut Offs Above River Mile 320

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Napoleon Bend Cut Off (RM 324)

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Napoleon Bend(natural cut-off in 1915)

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Jackass Bend Cut Off (RM 337)

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Jackass Bend Cut-Off (RM 337)

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Liberty Bend Cut Off (RM 352)

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Liberty Bend Cut-Off (RM 352)

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Big Blue Bend Cut Off (RM 357)

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St. Joseph Cut Off (RM 450)

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St. Joseph Bend Cut Off (RM 450)

St. Joseph, MO

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Summary(Cut-Offs)

• Cut-offs have contributed to degradation in certain reaches of the river.

• These reaches have also been altered in character by the construction of dikes and revetments.

• This constraining of the river placed additional stresses on the stream bed.

• Detailed data not available/analyzed to fully quantify.

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Major Flood Events

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Average Bed Elevation Based on Hydraulic Depth from USGS Measurements @ Kansas City, MO

695

700

705

710

715

720

1925 1930 1935 1940 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

Ave

rage

Bed

Ele

vatio

n

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Major Flood Events at KCAverage Bed Elevation Based on USGS Flow Measurements

(out of bank flows yield erroneously high average bed elevation values)

696

698

700

702

704

706

708

710

712

714

716

718

82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08

Date of Measurement

Ave

rage

Bed

El.

(bas

ed o

n hy

drau

lic d

epth

)

0

100000

200000

300000

400000

500000

600000

Floo

d D

isch

arge

abo

ve 2

00,0

00 c

fs

Ave. Bed Daily Discharge Poly. (Ave. Bed)

1993 Flood

2007 Flood

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Major Flood Events at KCAverage Bed Elevation Based on USGS Flow Measurements(out of bank flows yield erroneously high average bed elevation values)

700

702

704

706

708

710

712

714

716

718

1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962

Date of Measurement

Ave

rage

Bed

El.

(bas

ed o

n hy

drau

lic d

epth

)

0

100000

200000

300000

400000

500000

600000

Floo

d D

isch

arge

abo

ve 2

00,0

00 c

fs

Ave. Bed Daily Discharge Linear (Ave. Bed)

1951 Flood

1952 Flood

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Major Flood EventsMissouri River at Kansas City

Stage Trends Before and After the 1993 FloodFitted Linear Functions

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000

Discharge (cfs)

Stag

e (fe

et) 1992

2000

1995

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Missouri River at Kansas City Stage Trends Before and After May 2007 Flood

(Q<48,000 CFS)

R2 = 0.98

R2 = 0.97

R2 = 0.93

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 45,000 50,000

Measured Discharge in CFS

Stag

e in

Fee

t

After May 2007Flood

May 2006 throughApr 2007

May 2005 throughApr 2006

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Average Bed Elevation Based on Hydraulic Depth for USGS Measurements @ Kansas City, MO

Flow Less Than 200,000 CFS

696

698

700

702

704

706

708

710

712

714

716

1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998Year

Ave

rage

Bed

Ele

vatio

n

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

Flow

(cfs

)

1993 Flood

Pre-Flood Fit

Post-Flood Fit

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Major Flood EventsAverage Bed Elevation Based on Hydraulic Depth

for USGS Measurements @ Kansas City, MO

702

704

706

708

710

712

714

1976 1979 1982 1984 1987 1990 1993

Year

Elev

atio

n

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

Flow

(cfs

)

1987 Flood

Pre-Flood FitPost-Flood Fit

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Average Bed Stage @ USGS Stream GagesMissouri River

Referenced to a Common Stage of 15 feet in 1950

0.01.02.03.04.05.06.07.08.09.0

10.011.012.013.014.015.016.017.018.019.020.0

1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Year

Bed

Sta

ge in

Fee

t (19

50 b

ed s

tage

= 1

5 ft

.)

Rulo St Joseph Kansas City Waverly Boonville Hermann

Rulo

Waverly

St. Joseph

Boonville

Hermann

Kansas City

19931993

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Major Flood Events Summary

• Short Term Degradation (~ 2 yrs.)• Long Term Degradation • Evident at Waverly, Kansas City and St.

Joseph Gaging Stations• Not Clearly Evident at Other Gaging

Stations• Major Flood Events Contribute to Long

Term Degradation in Some River Reaches

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Dams

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Missouri River and Tributaries Dam Construction

• Main-Stem Dams (1940 – 1964)– 6 Dams in Series– Gavins Point at Downstream (1955)

• Kansas River Basin (1946 – 1975)– 18 Dams Throughout the Basin– 7 at Downstream Locations

• Osage River Basin– Bagnell Dam Most Downstream

• Other Smaller Tributaries

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Missouri River and Tributaries Dam Construction

• Sediment Starvation

• Peak Flow and Flow Duration

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Sediment Starvation

Dam Construction

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Change in Low Water Profile 1990 to 2005

Change in Low Water Profile Between 1990 and 2005

Rulo

St. Joseph

Kansas City

Waverly

BoonvilleHermann

St. Charles

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

050100150200250300350400450500

River Miles Above Mouth

(- D

egra

datio

n)

Cha

nge

in F

eet

(+

Agg

rada

tion)

55,900 cfs38,900 cfs 40,600 cfs 44,200 cfs 45,100 cfs 48,300 cfs

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Missouri River Stage and Average Bed Trends at Omaha, Nebraska (River Mile 615.9)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

1925 1930 1935 1940 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Stage (feet)

948.2

953.2

958.2

963.2

968.2

973.2

978.2

Elevation (feet)

100,000 cfs 60,000 cfs 40,000 cfs 20,000 cfs Average Bed

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Missouri River Stage and Average Bed Trends at Nebraska City, Nebraska (River Mile 562.9)

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

1925 1930 1935 1940 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Year

Stage (feet)

899.4

904.4

909.4

914.4

919.4

924.4

Elevation (feet)

100,000 cfs 70,000 cfs 40,000 cfs 20,000 cfs Average Bed

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Missouri River Average Bed at Rulo, Nebraska (River Mile 498.1)

828

830

832

834

836

838

840

842

844

846

848

850

852

854

856

1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Year

Elevation (feet)

Average Bed

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Mean Daily flows on the Kansas and Missouri Rivers

Water Year

Desoto Mean Daily Flow (cfs)

Kansas City Mean Daily Flow (cfs)

Kansas River Contribution

1975 6258 52590 12%1976 3744 52600 7%1977 5891 45930 13%1978 8641 62640 14%1979 9096 66550 14%1980 6339 51400 12%1981 4149 40900 10%1982 12050 60470 20%1983 9038 77200 12%1984 12730 87650 15%1985 7649 60210 13%1986 11650 74070 16%1987 16870 84760 20%1988 2912 43280 7%1989 2700 36070 7%

Kansas River

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Water Year

Desoto Mean Daily Flow (cfs)

Kansas City Mean Daily Flow (cfs)

Kansas River Contribution

1990 5526 39190 14%1991 2650 35600 7%1992 5760 44100 13%1993 30570 102100 30%1994 8896 56920 16%1995 12380 69020 18%1996 6755 71890 9%1997 7434 82660 9%1998 9125 73090 12%1999 16680 79850 21%2000 3249 45050 7%2001 7823 53330 15%2002 3057 35390 9%2003 1824 35190 5%2004 4379 41170 11%2005 5218 38910 13%2006 2757 34130 8%2007 6938 49870 14%

Average = 13%

Mean Daily flows on the Kansas and Missouri Rivers (continued)

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Summary of Sediment Trap Impacts

• Mainstem dam impacts have not extended below Rulo, NE.• Impacts on the Missouri River resulting from trapped sediment

above Kansas Basin dams are consider minimal based on:– earlier work (Simons, Li and Associates, 1984), – mean daily flow records– the dams are on tributaries considerably removed from the mouth of the

river.– none of the dams are the main stem of the Kansas River

• The impact of the structures on the Osage River have not been evaluated.

• The remaining structures on tributaries to the Missouri River represent small drainage areas some distance from the Missouri River and are considered to have little or no impact.

• Open to further evaluation.

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Flow Modificationby

Reservoir Regulation

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Flow Duration Curve St. Joseph Gage

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Percent of Time At or Above

FLO

W in

cfs 1928 - 1946

1947 - 19641965 - 19821983 - 2000

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Flow Duration Curve Kansas City USGS Gage RM 366.1

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Percent of Time At or Above

Flo

w in

cfs 1928 - 1946

1947 - 19641965 - 19821983 - 2000

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Flow Duration Curve Waverly Gage

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Percent of Time At or Above

FLO

W in

cfs 1929 - 1946

1947 - 19641965 - 19821983 - 2000

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Stage Duration Curve St. Joseph Gage

785

790

795

800

805

810

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Percent of Time At or Above

Ele

vatio

n (ft

msl

)

1928 - 19461947 - 19641965 - 19821983 - 2000

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Stage Duration Curve Waverly Gage

645

650

655

660

665

670

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Percent of Time At or Above

Elev

atio

n (f

t msl

)

1929 - 1946

1947 - 1964

1965 - 1982

1983 - 2000

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Stage Duration Curve Kansas City Gage

705

710

715

720

725

730

735

740

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Percent of Time At or Above

Elev

atio

n (f

t msl

)

1929 - 1946

1947 - 1964

1965 - 1982

1983 - 2001

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Construction Reference Plane

• The sloping plane along the river defined by the elevation/stage associated with the river flow that is exceeded 75% of the time during the navigation season (1 April -1 December).

• This plane is used as a reference for structure maintenance and new construction.

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Flow Modification by Regulation

• Summary: Flow regulation has at least a twofold impact:– Changes the CRP design and maintenance criteria – Potentially lessens the severity of degradation caused

by flood events. – The combined effects of these have not been

quantified to date in this study

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Dredging

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Dredging

• Dredging Material Removed from the River

• Primarily Commercial Dredging for Aggregate

• Dredging for Out of Channel Fill

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Annual Sand Extraction from Missouri RiverAnnual Sand Extractions from the Missouri River Main Channel 1974-2006

0

1,000,000

2,000,000

3,000,000

4,000,000

5,000,000

6,000,000

7,000,000

8,000,000

9,000,000

10,000,000

1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006

Sand

Rem

oved

(ton

s)

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Commercial Dredging In the Kansas City Reach of the Missouri River by Year

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

Year

Dre

dgin

g To

ns in

Mill

ions

BUILDING STRONG

2/2/2009 86

Commercial Sand Dredging on the Kansas River

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

Years

Sand

Dre

dgin

g (m

illio

ns o

f ton

s)

DataGap

Kansas River Commercial Sand and Gravel Dredging

BUILDING STRONG

2/2/2009 87

BUILDING STRONG

Dredging Quantity Per Mile and Change in Low Water Profile Between 1990 and 2005

Rulo

St. Joseph

Kansas City

WaverlyBoonville Hermann

St. Charles

-8

-7

-6

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

050100150200250300350400450500

River Miles Above Mouth

(- D

egra

datio

n)

Cha

nge

in F

eet

(+

A

ggra

datio

n)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Dre

dgin

g in

100

,000

of T

ons/

Riv

er M

ile

Bed Change

DredgingDredging

BUILDING STRONG

2/2/2009 88

Average Change in Low Water ProfilesFrom 1990 to 2005 vs. Dredging In Reach

R2 = 0.94

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

0 5,000,000 10,000,000 15,000,000 20,000,000 25,000,000 30,000,000 35,000,000 40,000,000 45,000,000 50,000,000

Tons Dredged

Cha

nge

in L

ow S

tage

(ft.)

RM 205-250

RM 250-350

RM 164-205

RM 400-500

RM 51-164

RM 350-400

RM 0-51

BUILDING STRONG

2/2/2009 89

Degradation (Stage Change @ 40k CFS) vs. Dredging Tons 2000 thru 2005

R2 = 0.87

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

0 5,000,000 10,000,000 15,000,000 20,000,000 25,000,000

Dreding in Tons

Cha

nge

in S

tage

in ft

, (+

= dr

oppi

ng)

St. Joseph Gage

Waverly Gage

Boonville Gage

Hermann Gage

Kansas City Gage

BUILDING STRONG

2/2/2009 90

Average Bed Blevation at Kansas City USGS Gage

695

696

697

698

699

700

701

702

703

704

705

706

707

708

709

710

711

712

713

714

715

1970 1980 1990 2000Date

Bed

Ele

veva

tion

in F

eet 1.7'

1.3'

2.2'

2.3'

BUILDING STRONG

2/2/2009 91

Degradation between breaks in rate of degradation vs. total dredged quantities during the same period @ KC Gage

R2 = 0.87

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

0 5,000,000 10,000,000 15,000,000 20,000,000 25,000,000 30,000,000Dredging Totals in Tons

Deg

reda

tion

@ K

C G

age

CY 88-92

CY 93-99

CY 74-87

CY 00-06

BUILDING STRONG

2/2/2009 92

Summary of Dredging

• Data evaluated shows a link between bed degradation and dredging.

• This link is exhibited to some extent at a variety of locations along the lower 498 miles of the Missouri River.

BUILDING STRONG

2/2/2009 93

Dike Installation Over Time

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

1974 1979 1984 1989 1994 1999 2004

Date

Num

ber

Com

plet

ed

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

BUILDING STRONG

2/2/2009 94

Summary of Degradation Causes

• Primary– Bank Stabilization and Navigation Project and Cut-

offs– Major Flood Events– Dredging (extraction)

• Secondary– Kansas River Basin Sedimentation

BUILDING STRONG

2/2/2009 95

BUILDING STRONG

Questions and Comments?

Kansas City District Allen Tool

BUILDING STRONG

2/2/2009 96

Major Flood EventsMissouri River Stage and Average Bed Trends

at Kansas City, Missouri (River Mile 366.1)Kansas City USGS Gage

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

1925 1930 1935 1940 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Year

Stage (feet) and Peak Annual D

ischarge (100,000 cfs)

699.4

703.4

707.4

711.4

715.4

719.4

723.4

727.4

731.4

Ave. B

ed Elevation (feet)

100,000 cfs 70,000 cfs 40,000 cfs 20,000 cfs Peak Annual Q Average Bed

1993

1951

2007

BUILDING STRONG

2/2/2009 97

Kansas River Commercial Sand and Gravel Dredging

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

1925

1935

1945

1955

1965

1975

1985

1995

2005

Years

Tonn

age

(Mill

ions

of T

ons)

Data

GapDataGap

BUILDING STRONG

2/2/2009 98

Missouri River Stage and Average Bed Trends at St. Joseph, Missouri (River Mile 448.2)

-12

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

1925 1930 1935 1940 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Year

Stage (feet)

776.2

780.2

784.2

788.2

792.2

796.2

800.2

804.2

808.2

Elevation (feet)

100,000 cfs 70,000 cfs 40,000 cfs 20,000 cfs Average Bed

1993 Flood

BUILDING STRONG

2/2/2009 99

Missouri River Stage and Average Bed Trends at Kansas City, Missouri (River Mile 366.1)

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

1925 1930 1935 1940 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Year

Stage (feet)

699.4

703.4

707.4

711.4

715.4

719.4

723.4

727.4

731.4

Elevation (feet)

100,000 cfs 70,000 cfs 40,000 cfs 20,000 cfs Average Bed

BUILDING STRONG

2/2/2009 100

Missouri River Stage and Average Bed Trends at Waverly, Missouri (River Mile 293.4)

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

1925 1930 1935 1940 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Year

Stage (feet)

640.0

645.0

650.0

655.0

660.0

665.0

670.0

Elevation (feet)

100,000 cfs 70,000 cfs 40,000 cfs 20,000 cfs Average Bed

1993 Flood

BUILDING STRONG

2/2/2009 101

Missouri River Stage and Average Bed Trends at Boonville, Missouri (River Mile 197.1)

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

1925 1930 1935 1940 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Year

Stage (feet)

555.4

560.4

565.4

570.4

575.4

580.4

585.4

Elevation (feet)

100,000 cfs 70,000 cfs 40,000 cfs 20,000 cfs Average Bed

1993 Flood

BUILDING STRONG

2/2/2009 102

Missouri River Stage and Average Bed Trends at Hermann, Missouri (River Mile 97.9)

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

1925 1930 1935 1940 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Year

Stage (feet)

471.6

476.6

481.6

486.6

491.6

496.6

501.6

Elevation (feet)

100,000 cfs 70,000 cfs 40,000 cfs 20,000 cfs Average Bed

1993 Flood

BUILDING STRONG

2/2/2009 103

2005 minus 1990 Water Surface

-8.00

-6.00

-4.00

-2.00

0.00

2.00

4.00

0.0 50.0 100.0 150.0 200.0 250.0 300.0 350.0 400.0 450.0 500.0

River Mile

Elev

atio

n di

ffere

nce

0

5,000,000

10,000,000

15,000,000

20,000,000

25,000,000

30,000,000

35,000,000

40,000,000

45,000,000

50,000,000

Dre

dgin

g in

Ton

s

2005-1990 Dredging 1990 to 2005