all hazards risk assessment 2021

All Hazards Risk Assessment 2021 Central Highlands Regional Council

29 June 2021

GHD ADVISORY

GHD Report for Central Highlands Regional Council - DRAFT All Hazards Risk Assessment 2021

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Contents Executive summary ........................................................................................................... 1

Section 1 - Introduction .................................................................................................................. 1

Section 2 - Background ................................................................................................................... 1

Section 3 - Risk assessment process ........................................................................................ 1

Section 4 - Risk scoring .................................................................................................................. 1

Section 5 – Key issues going forward ........................................................................................ 1

1. Introduction ............................................................................................................... 3

2. Background ............................................................................................................... 5

2.1 Queensland Emergency Risk Management Framework ......................................................... 5

2.2 Implementation History at CHRC............................................................................................... 6 2.2.1 QERMF introduction .......................................................................................................... 6 2.2.2 Lead agency questionnaires .............................................................................................. 6 2.2.3 Ongoing QERMF development .......................................................................................... 7

3. Risk assessment process ......................................................................................... 8

3.1 Identification and definition of all hazard risks ........................................................................ 8

3.1.1 Alignment with previous hazard assessments ................................................................... 8 3.1.2 Cyclical hazard likelihoods ................................................................................................. 9

3.2 Identification and definition of exposed elements ................................................................ 10

3.3 Data, information and resources compiled ............................................................................ 13

3.4 Inherent risk scores .................................................................................................................. 14

3.5 Lead and key agencies ............................................................................................................. 14

3.5.1 List lead and key agencies .............................................................................................. 14

3.6 Effectiveness and residual risk scores ................................................................................... 14

4. Risk scoring ............................................................................................................. 15

4.1 Results summary ...................................................................................................................... 15

4.2 Inherent risk scores .................................................................................................................. 16

4.3 Residual risk scores ................................................................................................................. 17

5. Key issues going forward ....................................................................................... 18

5.1 Residual risk scoring and appetite ......................................................................................... 18

5.1.1 Refine QERMF effectiveness scores ............................................................................... 18

5.2 Development of business cases ............................................................................................. 18

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5.2.1 Mitigation business cases ................................................................................................ 18 5.2.2 State funding cases ......................................................................................................... 18

5.3 Integration of QERMF outcomes ............................................................................................. 19

5.3.1 Integration of Resiliency .................................................................................................. 19 5.3.2 Local Disaster Management Plan .................................................................................... 19 5.3.3 Training scenarios............................................................................................................ 19

5.4 Emergency management innovation ...................................................................................... 19

Figures Figure 1 Queensland Emergency Risk Management Framework (QERMF) .............................................. 5 Figure 2 QERMF Hazard Wheel ................................................................................................................. 9

Tables Table 1 – Exposed elements ........................................................................................................................... 10 Table 2 – Inherent risk scores (June 2021) ..................................................................................................... 16 Table 3 – Residual risk scores (June 2021) .................................................................................................... 17

Appendices Appendix A – QERMF Tool ............................................................................................................................. 21

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Executive summary This report has been compiled to provide an overview of the process, background reference material, preparation and results of the All Hazards Risk Assessment review facilitated by GHD for Central Highlands Regional Council (CHRC). The content of the report sections and appendices are summarised under each heading below.

Section 1 - Introduction Introduces the Queensland Emergency Risk Management Framework (QERMF), details the hazards identified and assessed by CHRC

Section 2 - Background

Provides some background information on the legislative context of the risk assessment process under the relevant Act, and the QERMF implementation at CHRC.

Section 3 - Risk assessment process

Provides a definition of each identified hazard including the scenario established and the annual cyclical nature. The risk assessment process is detailed including:

• The applicable exposed elements

• Information and resources used

• Scoring assumptions applied

• Inherent and residual risk scoring

Section 4 - Risk scoring

Tables list the inherent and residual risk scores for each exposed element by hazard and provide an overall picture of the key areas requiring concentration.

Section 5 – Key issues going forward

Outcomes and key issues from the QERMF process are identified and discussed.

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Disclaimer

This report: has been prepared by GHD for Central Highlands Regional Council and may only be used and relied on by Central Highlands Regional Council for the purpose agreed between GHD and the Central Highlands Regional Council as set out in this report.

GHD otherwise disclaims responsibility to any person other than Central Highlands Regional Council arising in connection with this report. GHD also excludes implied warranties and conditions, to the extent legally permissible.

The services undertaken by GHD in connection with preparing this report were limited to those specifically detailed in the report and are subject to the scope limitations set out in the report.

The opinions, conclusions and any recommendations in this report are based on conditions encountered and information reviewed at the date of preparation of the report. GHD has no responsibility or obligation to update this report to account for events or changes occurring subsequent to the date that the report was prepared.

The opinions, conclusions and any recommendations in this report are based on assumptions made by GHD described in this report. GHD disclaims liability arising from any of the assumptions being incorrect.

GHD has prepared this report on the basis of information provided by Central Highlands Regional Council and others who provided information to GHD (including Government authorities)], which GHD has not independently verified or checked beyond the agreed scope of work. GHD does not accept liability in connection with such unverified information, including errors and omissions in the report which were caused by errors or omissions in that information.

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1. Introduction GHD Advisory were engaged initially by CHRC in 2019 to facilitate an all hazards risk analysis (AHRA) utilising the Queensland Emergency Risk Management Framework (QERMF). This involved identifying the agencies involved, and the exposed elements for each hazards type, and the treatments and controls in place to mitigate impacts.

The project objective was to develop an All Hazards Risk Assessment (AHRA) and presentation of results in the Queensland Emergency Risk Management Framework (QERMF) format and tool, in alignment with:

• Queensland Fire and Emergency Services (QFES) provided State Hazard Assessments

• ISO 31000:2009 Risk management – Principles and guidelines

• SA/SNZ HB 436: 2013 Risk management guidelines – companion to AS/NZS ISO 31000:2009

• SA/SNZ HB 89:2013 Risk management – Guidelines on risk assessment techniques

• AS/NZS 5050: 2010 Business continuity – Managing disruption related risk

• National Emergency Risk Assessment Guidelines (NERAG) (Australian Emergency Management Institute, 2015)

• Queensland Climate Adaptation Strategy

The hazards were identified, and grouped into those largely recommended by QFES, with a commonality of impacts, exposure, and response methods as follows:

• Severe Tropical Cyclone – Category 3-5

• Severe Thunderstorm Event

• Bushfire

• Earthquake (Magnitude 5.35 similar to 1989 Newcastle)

• Heatwave

• Pandemic / Epidemic

• Exotic Animal / Plant Disease

• Major Accident (Air, Road or Rail Transport, Urban Fire, Hazardous Materials)

• Terrorism / Cybersecurity Attack

It is noted that previously separated hazards such as flooding (flash and riverine), landslides, and critical infrastructure were assessed as consequences of each of the applicable hazards listed above.

GHD compiled information provided from CHRC including previous local and district risk assessments. Material from other sources included:

• QERMF Tool and guidelines

• QFES provided state-wide risk assessments and probability statistics to be applied

• Sourcing Information from www.longpaddock.qld.gov.au and other official climate change sources

• Applicable and relevant information from assessments from other Queensland councils and LDMGs

• Information sourced from lead and key agencies

The QERMF tool is populated with the following:

• Risk description

http://www.longpaddock.qld.gov.au/

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• Nominated climate change scenario to be included as applicable

• Known vulnerabilities and history

• Lead agencies / key agencies for each element

• Known plans, strategies and measures in place for each - Preventive & preparedness, and Response & recovery

• Comments and assessments on effectiveness of current controls

• Current risk rating in terms of consequence and likelihood – prepopulated from QFES state-wide assessments

• Establish risk actions in line with risk appetite to either accept the current risk level, or if not accepted, mitigate what is in the LDMG’s control, and transfer (escalate) the risks that are not

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2. Background 2.1 Queensland Emergency Risk Management Framework The Queensland Disaster Management Act requires that each Local Disaster Management Group ensures that:

“all events, whether natural or caused by human acts or omissions, should be managed in accordance with the following— (i) a strategic policy framework developed by the State group;” (Part 1, Division 2, 4A (b))

And states that:

“disaster management and disaster operations in the area are consistent with the State group’s strategic policy framework for disaster management for the State” (Division 3, Subdivision 1, Section 30(a)).

The Queensland Emergency Risk Management Framework (QERMF) was endorsed by the Queensland Disaster Management Committee (QDMC) as Queensland’s approach to disaster risk management in 2017. Accordingly, it is the legislated framework to be used by Central Highlands Regional Council (CHRC).

This project was initiated by CHRC to facilitate an all hazards risk analysis (AHRA) utilising the Queensland Emergency Risk Management Framework (QERMF). This involved identifying the agencies involved, and the exposed elements for each hazards type, and the treatments and controls in place to mitigate impacts.

The QERMF tool is to be used as a living and active plan for ongoing planning and improvement.

Figure 1 Queensland Emergency Risk Management Framework (QERMF)

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Key documents regarding QERMF can be found as follows:

• https://www.disaster.qld.gov.au/dmg/st/Documents/RG1103-QERMF-Fact-Sheet.pdf

• https://www.disaster.qld.gov.au/dmg/Prevention/Pages/3-5.aspx

• https://www.disaster.qld.gov.au/dmg/st/Documents/H1102-QFES-Risk-Assessment-Process-Handbook.pdf

2.2 Implementation History at CHRC

2.2.1 QERMF introduction GHD Advisory were engaged initially by CHRC in 2019 to facilitate an all hazards risk analysis (AHRA) utilising the Queensland Emergency Risk Management Framework (QERMF). This involved identifying the agencies involved, and the exposed elements for each hazards type, and the treatments and controls in place to mitigate impacts.

The project objective was to develop an All Hazards Risk Assessment (AHRA) and presentation of results in the Queensland Emergency Risk Management Framework (QERMF) format and tool

The Local Disaster Management Group (LDMG) members met again 4th December 2019 to receive a briefing on the QERMF process and progress made since the first LDMG workshop.

At this workshop, members were asked to review the progress to this point, and provide further information regarding vulnerability and impact type for each exposed element, responsible agencies, and measures and controls in place.

2.2.2 Lead agency questionnaires Following the workshop, a standard set of “Primary and Lead Agency Questionnaire” forms were developed. The purpose of this questionnaire is to understand an entity’s plans and measures for managing the functions for which it is responsible for each hazard. It is designed to identify the support expected from the LDMG in enacting these measures by the agency. The agency is also prompted to analyse the capability and capacity to manage, identify gaps, and give a self-assessment as to how effective these measures currently are. This will inform the LDMGs disaster management plans and form the basis for listing and scoring of existing risk treatments and controls in the QERMF tool. Each form was customised for each agency to include the hazards and exposed elements applicable. CHRC determined which of these were to be sent, and to whom.

More specifically, the prompts included:

• Relevant plans/procedures (BCPs, Disaster Plans, Strategy documents) in place relating to the exposed elements listed

• Availability of these documents

• Commentary on the purpose of these documents (including capacity and capability), and reliance of other entities within

• Other risk treatments or controls in place to manage the impacts on the exposed elements listed e.g. redundancy, physical infrastructure or other

https://www.disaster.qld.gov.au/dmg/st/Documents/RG1103-QERMF-Fact-Sheet.pdf

https://www.disaster.qld.gov.au/dmg/Prevention/Pages/3-5.aspx

https://www.disaster.qld.gov.au/dmg/st/Documents/H1102-QFES-Risk-Assessment-Process-Handbook.pdf

https://www.disaster.qld.gov.au/dmg/st/Documents/H1102-QFES-Risk-Assessment-Process-Handbook.pdf

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• Commentary on the purpose of these treatments/controls (including capacity and capability) and reliance on other entities

• Gaps existing within the entity’s current planning, capability and/or capacity regarding management of the impact of the hazard (known gaps in the procedures and treatments listed above, or assumed reliance on other entities)

• The nominated contact officer for the agency

• A self assessment score regarding the effectiveness of risk treatments and controls cited in the form response (as per QERMF tool scoring criteria)

Twelve responses were received and information entered into the questionnaires was entered into the QERMF tool spreadsheets. Where effectiveness scores were provided, those scores were accepted at face value, referenced and entered to provide residual risk scores.

2.2.3 Ongoing QERMF development Since 2019, ongoing work has been undertaken to provide further detail and context to each hazard, exposed element, and risk mitigation. This has involved interaction with key agencies and communication of issues and risk levels. In many cases, information has been provided to better establish the effectiveness of current mitigations and confirm risk levels faced.

Actions undertaken since initial implementation have included:

• Further assessment of the existence and effectiveness of measures and controls in place to manage identified hazards

• Refined scoring of residual risk scores and prioritisation

• Development of discussion papers targeted to lead and key agencies (Department of Communities, Housing and Digital Economy, Queensland Health, Central Highlands Regional Council)

• Forums undertaken within CHRC (Utilities, Planning and Development) to further inform the risk assessment, and update risk scoring and priorities

• Articulation of the major risks being transferred to State/District, in preparation of building cases for State funding and action where most needed

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3. Risk assessment process 3.1 Identification and definition of all hazard risks The following hazards have been identified and grouped into those with a commonality of impacts, exposure, and response methods. The scenarios for each are established as follows:

• Severe Tropical Cyclone – Category 3-5 (e.g. STC Dinah 1967) incorporating flash flooding, major flooding (>500mm/24hour)

• Severe Thunderstorm - incorporating major flash flooding, landslides

• Bushfire - extreme or catastrophic rated bushfire within the region requiring external resources to control and that has significant impacts

• Earthquake - similar magnitude (5.35) as the 1989 Newcastle earthquake

• Heatwave - severe and extreme (as per BoM classification)

• Pandemic / Epidemic - resulting in moderate number of fatalities, second order impacts on the health systems, business, infrastructure, community functionality

• Exotic Animal / Plant Disease - disease or condition that degrades the health or productivity of a plant or animal

• Major Accident (Air, Road or Rail Transport, Urban Fire, Hazardous Materials) - involving passenger transport vehicles (air, road and/or rail), fire or hazardous materials. Over 10 fatalities with multiple serious injuries

• Terrorism / Cybersecurity Attack - an attack by an extremist group and/or individuals. Includes cyber security/terrorism, critical infrastructure and essential services

3.1.1 Alignment with previous hazard assessments The natural hazards listed above were aligned with the hazards identified in the Queensland State Natural Hazard Risk Assessment 2017 (QFES), and in alignment with Action Plans provided by QFES throughout the State suggesting which assessments should be undertaken.

Accordingly, some hazards that were previously treated as separate assessments were combined. This was especially necessary as each individual assessment has a high level of complexity, and the maintenance of each will require significant resource to maintain. So many previous separate assessments were linked as consequences associated with each of the more concise list and would otherwise have many aspects duplicated across separate assessments. For example:

• Flooding: considered as part of the cyclone and thunderstorm hazards, including flash and riverine

• Landslides: considered as an associated consequence of cyclones, thunderstorms and earthquakes. While they may occur separate to these hazards, the exposure, vulnerability, response and recovery methods are assessed as part of these

• Critical Infrastructure: often separated out as a distinct hazard, critical infrastructure is identified specifically for each hazard as an exposed element, and the risk assessed specifically in relation to each hazard. Accordingly, no extra value is added by separating this out as a separate hazard

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• Major Accidents: These are often separated out into various types of accident i.e. passenger transport, hazardous materials, urban fire, industrial accident, but the analysis into the response and recovery measures is similar, as are the lead and key agencies involved. Accordingly, these are combined and the likelihood and consequence governed by the most severe of potential events

3.1.2 Cyclical hazard likelihoods The likelihood of some hazards will reduce at certain times of the year. The “QERMF Hazard Wheel” provided in the QERMF Fact Sheet demonstrates the relative risks throughout the yearly cycle. It has been noted that in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, the onset of a pandemic is not limited to a particular time of year, however the transmission rates will still vary depending on seasonal temperatures.

Figure 2 QERMF Hazard Wheel

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3.2 Identification and definition of exposed elements Asset elements were addressed i.e., those elements at risk (people, systems, networks and assets) which are vital to the area of interest that may be exposed to hazards in the event of their occurrence. This necessitated the identification of exposed elements related to:

• Infrastructure

• Access & resupply

• Community & social

• Medical

• Significant industries

• Environmental

A complete list of all exposed elements was generated from the QERMF tool, a spreadsheet established by QFES. This generates 222 potential combinations of exposed element. This initial discussion was able to eliminate the non-applicable lines, resulting in a list of 80 exposed elements that could potentially apply to at least one of the hazards.

This reduced list formed the basis of the first Local Disaster Management Group (LDMG) workshop held 13 September 2019. This meeting discussed the relevance of each exposed element in relation to each hazard and provided necessary insights into the vulnerability issues faced by each. Lead and key agencies were identified for most exposed elements.

Upon completion of this workshop, the final list contained 45 exposed elements applicable to one or more hazards.

Table 1 – Exposed elements

Type Exposed Element Asset Name Asset Type/Demographic/ Concern

R1 - Infrastructure

Power (Stations) Biloela, Stanwell, Gladstone etc. and private solar

Other

Power (Transmission) Transmission Lines Power Line

Power (Transmission) Powerlink and EQ Substations Substation

Power (Sub Distribution) Local Distribution Network Other

Communications (Telecommunications)

Comms Networks Telstra Optus NBN Vodafone etc.

Other

Communications (Fibre Optic)

Network Other

Communications (Emergency Services)

PSBA/Ergon Radio Tower

Water (Water Treatment)

CHRC Water Treatment Plants Treatment Plant

Water (Reticulation) CHRC Reticulated Water Network

Other

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Water (Waste Water Treatment)

CHRC Waste Water Treatment Plants

Treatment Plant

Water (Dams & Reservoirs)

Dams & Weirs - Sunwater, Isaac RC, Mine

Dam

Water (Dams & Reservoirs)

CHRC & Sunwater Reservoirs (Tanks)

Reservoir

Fuel Infrastructure (Gas & Oil)

Wells Gas Infrastructure

Fuel Infrastructure (Bulk Fuel)

Depots - Bulk Fuel Depots

R2 - Access & Resupply

Roads Roads and Bridges (general) Other

Rail (Freight) Rail Network (mining & stock) Non-Electrified

Air (Airports/Aerodromes)

Emerald Airport and others Other

R3 - Community & Social

Population Centres Towns Urban

Population Centres Rural, Regional and Remote Communities

Rural

Demographics N/A Other Vulnerable Persons (Isolation)

Demographics N/A Other Vulnerable Persons (Direct impact)

Community Infrastructure

Education facilities School

Community Infrastructure

Social Infrastructure (built environments)

Other

Centres of Governance CHRC Disaster Coordination Centre

Disaster Coordination Centre

Centres of Governance Governance arrangements Other

Emergency Services QFES / QRFS QFES / QRFS

Emergency Services QPS Police Station QPS

Emergency Services QAS Centre QAS

Emergency Services SES Centre SES

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Building Stock Pre-1980 Construction (Pre-code) Pre-1990 Asbestos Construction (Pre-code)

N/A

Emergency Shelters & Places of Refuge

Shelters Halls Centres Schools Places of Refuge

Other

Cultural Elements Areas of Cultural, Indigenous, Religious Significance, Cemeteries

Other

R4 - Medical Hospitals Hospitals & Community Clinics Hospital

Public Health Not prompted Heat Stress

Public Health Not prompted Mental Health

Aged Care Facilities CHRC and Private Aged Care Centres

Other

R5 - Significant Industry

Heavy Industry & Manufacturing

Mines and Quarries Mine

Heavy Industry & Manufacturing

Industrial and Manufacturing Facilities

Industrial Facility

Transport & Logistics Inland Port Other

Agriculture, Fishing and Forestry

Crops and Livestock Primary Producer

Agriculture, Fishing and Forestry

Plantation and Native Forestry Forestry

Tourism Tourism Industry Other

R6 - Environmental

Waste Management Landfill Transfer Station Recycling Station Tailings Dams

Other

Areas of State Environmental Significance (ASES)

National Park, Protected Area, Wetland Habitat Area

Other

Local Ecosystems or Species of Concern

National Park, Protected Area, Wetland Habitat Area

Other

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3.3 Data, information and resources compiled GHD compiled information provided from CHRC including previous local and district risk assessments. Material from other sources included:

• QERMF Tool and guidelines

• QFES provided state-wide risk assessments and probability statistics to be applied

• Sourcing Information from www.longpaddock.qld.gov.au and other official climate change sources

• Applicable and relevant information from assessments from other Queensland councils and LDMGs

• Information sourced from lead and key agencies

• Queensland State Earthquake Risk Assessment

• Queensland State Heatwave Risk Assessment

With this information, the QERMF tool was populated with key details, including:

• Asset owners

• Asset names and types

• Notes regarding vulnerability

• Known likelihoods and severity of hazards

• Known risk treatments and controls

• Current risk assessment scores

The following details and assumptions in the risk scoring process are to be noted, especially as the QFES guideline varies from the standard ISO 31000 and NERAG risk management processes previously applied:

• The QERMF scoring process results in an ‘inherent’ risk level that represents a potential risk level if assumed to be effectively managed

• The application of an effectiveness score produces a ‘residual risk’ score that, at best, produces a score equal to the inherent risk score if measures are deemed ‘Totally Effective’

• If effectiveness is scored anything less than “Totally Effective”, the residual risk score rises, providing a score that relates directly to each listed “Existing Risk Treatment or Control” and places the focus on each individual treatment/control

• With the QERMF tool providing such scope and variance in scoring vulnerability and effectiveness for each hazard, exposed element and effectiveness, and likelihood constant for each hazard, it was determined that the consequence score for each hazard would be as determined by the NERAG/ISO 31000 process, and constant for each exposed element of each hazard

• While there is the ability to vary the consequence score for each individual treatment of each exposed element, it was determined to leave this as constant across the hazard (as determined by NERAG process for each hazard). Attempts to customise these scores individually (for People, Financial, Community, Public Administration or Environmental) resulted in risk levels that did not ring true e.g. for an Environmental consequence determined to be Major, but not affecting other risk aspects (i.e. scoring Insignificant or Minor), this would result in an overall scoring of Minor or Insignificant for this exposed element (e.g. for Local Ecosystems or Species of Concern). In this example, inflating the Environmental consequence to Catastrophic does not change the residual

http://www.longpaddock.qld.gov.au/

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risk rating significantly, and is false in that: the overall consequence under the NERAG process would deem that environmental consequence was never higher than Major at worst. Rather than manipulate each one to get the right result, the decision was to use a singular set of consequence scores for each hazard.

3.4 Inherent risk scores To this point the QERMF tool was complete with the following:

• Risk description

• Nominated climate change scenario to be included as applicable

• Comments on vulnerability and vulnerability scores

• Known existing measures/controls – Preventive & preparedness, and Response & recovery

• Comments on effectiveness of current controls

• Current risk rating in terms of consequence and likelihood – prepopulated from QFES state-wide assessments if available (based on NERAG and ISO 31000 methodology)

At this stage in the process, inherent scores were generated for all exposed elements. The results are shown in Table 2 – Inherent risk scores in Section 4.2.

3.5 Lead and key agencies

3.5.1 List lead and key agencies For each exposed element, the following were noted and entered into the QERMF tools for each hazard:

• Lead agencies / key agencies for each element

• Known vulnerabilities and history

• Known plans, strategies and measures in place for each

3.6 Effectiveness and residual risk scores Effectiveness scores were applied as follows:

• Self assessment scores provided by agencies at face value from questionnaires

• Assessment by CHRC LDMG where known

• A default value of Partially Effective was applied to all remaining risk treatments and controls

Once an effectiveness was applied to each treatment, the QERMF tool generated a Residual Risk score. Table 3 – Residual risk scores in Section 4.3 shows the highest residual risk score for each exposed element of each hazard.

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4. Risk scoring This section details and discusses the results of the CHRC QERMF AHRA to June 2021.

The following tables show the highest inherent and residual risks for each exposed element against each hazard.

These tables and scores are a snapshot of the tool at the time of preparing this report, and based on the information and evaluation compiled to date. This is intended to act as a live system that is updated as information comes to hand, and proposed actions are undertaken.

4.1 Results summary The risk levels represent the potentially high risks posed to various exposed elements by all hazards listed.

The most extreme residual risks are associated with the heatwave and pandemic risks (noting that the inherent risk scoring for this hazard was undertaken prior to February 2020, and the realisation of the impact of COVID-19).

The heatwave risks scores are considerably higher than risk assessments undertaken prior to 2019. This has been elevated by the State Heatwave Risk Assessment based on climate change models and predictions showing effects worsening in the next decade. It is also noted that more people have perished in heatwaves in Australia than all other hazards combined.

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4.2 Inherent risk scores Table 2 – Inherent risk scores (June 2021)

Element Code Type Exposed Element Asset Name

Asset Type/Demo-graphic/ Concern

Tropical Cyclone/Monsoon Severe Storm Fire Earthquake Heatwave Pandemic

Animal / Plant Disease

Major Accident Terrorism

3 R1 - Infrastructure Power (Stations) Biloela, Stanwell, Gladstone etc. and private solar Other L5 L6 L6 L6 M8 L54 R1 - Infrastructure Power (Transmission) Transmission Lines Power Line M8 H9 H9 M7 H98 R1 - Infrastructure Power (Transmission) Powerlink and EQ Substations Substation M7 M8 L6 M8 L6

16 R1 - Infrastructure Power (Sub Distribution) Local Distribution Network Other L6 M7 M7 H929 R1 - Infrastructure Communications (Telecommunications) Comms Networks Telstra Optus NBN Vodafone etc. Other M8 H9 M8 M7 H9 L635 R1 - Infrastructure Communications (Fibre Optic) Network Other L6 M7 M7 L640 R1 - Infrastructure Communications (Emergency Services) PSBA/Ergon Radio Tower L6 M7 M8 M743 R1 - Infrastructure Water (Water Treatment) CHRC Water Treatment Plants Treatment Plant L6 M7 M7 M8 M746 R1 - Infrastructure Water (Reticulation) CHRC Reticulated Water Network Other M7 M8 M8 M7 M847 R1 - Infrastructure Water (Waste Water Treatment) CHRC Waste Water Treatment Plants Treatment Plant M7 M8 M749 R1 - Infrastructure Water (Dams & Reservoirs) Dams & Weirs - Sunwater, Isaac RC, Mine Dam M7 M8 M7 H9 M750 R1 - Infrastructure Water (Dams & Reservoirs) CHRC & Sunwater Reservoirs (Tanks) Reservoir L6 M7 M7 H10 L571 R1 - Infrastructure Fuel Infrastructure (Gas & Oil) Wells Gas Infrastructure M7 L6 M776 R1 - Infrastructure Fuel Infrastructure (Bulk Fuel) Depots - Bulk Fuel Depots M7 M8 M7 L6 M785 R2 - Access & Resupply Roads Roads and Bridges (general) Other H9 M7 M7 H9 M7 M7

104 R2 - Access & Resupply Rail (Freight) Rail Network (mining & stock) Non-Electrified M7 M8 M8 M7 H10 M7 M7110 R2 - Access & Resupply Air (Airports/Aerodromes) Emerald Airport and others Other M7 M8 M8 M7 M8 M7 M7119 R3 - Community & Social Population Centres Towns Urban M8 H9 M8 H10120 R3 - Community & Social Population Centres Rural, Regional and Remote Communities Rural M8 H9 H9 E12129 R3 - Community & Social Demographics N/A Isolation Vulnerable Perso M8 H9 H9 M7 H11 H9 M8 M8 M7129 R3 - Community & Social Demographics N/A Impact Vulnerable Persons M8 H9 H9 M7 E13 H10 M8 M8 M8130 R3 - Community & Social Community Infrastructure Education facilities School M8 H9 M7 L6 H10 H9 L6 L6 M7135 R3 - Community & Social Community Infrastructure Social Infrastructure (built environments) Other H11138 R3 - Community & Social Centres of Governance CHRC Disaster Coordination Centre Disaster Coordination Cen M8 H9140 R3 - Community & Social Centres of Governance Governance arrangements Other M8 H9 H9 L6 H11 H10 M7 M7 M8141 R3 - Community & Social Emergency Services QFES / QRFS QFES / QRFS M8 H9143 R3 - Community & Social Emergency Services QPS Police Station QPS M8 H9144 R3 - Community & Social Emergency Services QAS Centre QAS M8 H9145 R3 - Community & Social Emergency Services SES Centre SES L6 M7159 R3 - Community & Social Building Stock N/A N/A M8 H9 H9 M8 H10163 R3 - Community & Social Emergency Shelters & Places of Refuge Shelters Halls Centres Schools Places of Refuge Other M7 M8 M7 L6 M8167 R3 - Community & Social Cultural Elements Areas of Cultural, Indigenous, Religious Significance, CemeteriesOther L6 M7168 R4 - Medical Hospitals Hospitals & Community Clinics Hospital M8 H9 M8 M7 H10 H9175 R4 - Medical Public Health Not prompted Heat Stress H10176 R4 - Medical Public Health Not prompted Mental Health M7 M8 M8 L6 H10 M8 M7 M7 M7181 R4 - Medical Aged Care Facilities CHRC and Private Aged Care Centres Other M8 H9 H9 M7 H11 H10182 R5 - Significant Industry Heavy Industry & Manufacturing Mines and Quarries Mine M8 H9 H9 M8 H10 M8 M8203 R5 - Significant Industry Heavy Industry & Manufacturing Industrial and Manufacturing Facilities Industrial Facility M7 M8 M7 M8 H10 M7 L5184 R5 - Significant Industry Transport & Logistics Inland Port Other M8191 R5 - Significant Industry Agriculture, Fishing and Forestry Crops and Livestock Primary Producer M8 H9 H10 H9 L5192 R5 - Significant Industry Agriculture, Fishing and Forestry Plantation and Native Forestry Forestry M8 H9 H9 H11 M8194 R5 - Significant Industry Tourism Tourism Industry Other M7 M8 M8 H11 M8 L6222 R6 - Environmental Waste Management Landfill Transfer Station Recycling Station Tailings Dams Other L5 L6 L6 M7210 R6 - Environmental Areas of State Environmental Significance (ASES) National Park, Protected Area, Wetland Habitat Area Other L6 M7 M8 H11 M7216 R6 - Environmental Local Ecosystems or Species of Concern National Park, Protected Area, Wetland Habitat Area Other L6 M7 M8 H11 M7 M7

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4.3 Residual risk scores Table 3 – Residual risk scores (June 2021)

EE No. Type Exposed Element Asset NameAsset Type/Demo-graphic/Concern

Tropical Cyclone/Monsoon Severe Storm Fire Earthquake Heatwave Pandemic

Animal / Plant Disease

Major Accident Terrorism

3 R1 - Infrastructure Power (Stations) Biloela, Stanwell, Gladstone etc. and private solar Other L6 M7 M7 M8 H9 L64 R1 - Infrastructure Power (Transmission) Transmission Lines Power Line H9 H10 H11 M8 H108 R1 - Infrastructure Power (Transmission) Powerlink and EQ Substations Substation H9 H10 M8 H10 M7

16 R1 - Infrastructure Power (Sub Distribution) Local Distribution Network Other M7 M8 H9 H1129 R1 - Infrastructure Communications (Telecommunications) Comms Networks Telstra Optus NBN Vodafone etc. Other H10 H11 H9 H9 H11 H935 R1 - Infrastructure Communications (Fibre Optic) Network Other M7 M8 M8 M740 R1 - Infrastructure Communications (Emergency Services) PSBA/Ergon Radio Tower M7 M8 H9 M843 R1 - Infrastructure Water (Water Treatment) CHRC Water Treatment Plants Treatment Plant M8 H9 M8 H9 H946 R1 - Infrastructure Water (Reticulation) CHRC Reticulated Water Network Other H9 H10 H10 H9 H1047 R1 - Infrastructure Water (Waste Water Treatment) CHRC Waste Water Treatment Plants Treatment Plant H9 H10 H949 R1 - Infrastructure Water (Dams & Reservoirs) Dams & Weirs - Sunwater, Isaac RC, Mine Dam M8 H9 M8 E12 H950 R1 - Infrastructure Water (Dams & Reservoirs) CHRC & Sunwater Reservoirs (Tanks) Reservoir M8 H9 H9 H11 H971 R1 - Infrastructure Fuel Infrastructure (Gas & Oil) Wells Gas Infrastructure H9 M8 M776 R1 - Infrastructure Fuel Infrastructure (Bulk Fuel) Depots - Bulk Fuel Depots H9 H10 H9 M8 H985 R2 - Access & Resupply Roads Roads and Bridges (general) Other H10 H10 H9 H9 H11 H9 H9

104 R2 - Access & Resupply Rail (Freight) Rail Network (mining & stock) Non-Electrified M8 H9 H9 M8 H11 M8 M8110 R2 - Access & Resupply Air (Airports/Aerodromes) Emerald Airport and others Other M8 H9 H9 M8 H10 M8 M8119 R3 - Community & Social Population Centres Towns Urban H10 H11 H10 E12120 R3 - Community & Social Population Centres Rural, Regional and Remote Communities Rural H10 H11 H11 E13129 R3 - Community & Social Demographics N/A Isolation Vulnerable Persons H10 H11 H11 H9 E13 H11 H10 H10 H9129 R3 - Community & Social Demographics N/A Impact Vulnerable Persons H10 H11 H11 H9 E13 E12 H10 H10 H10130 R3 - Community & Social Community Infrastructure Education facilities School H10 H11 H9 M8 E12 H11 M8 M8 H9135 R3 - Community & Social Community Infrastructure Social Infrastructure (built environments) Other E13138 R3 - Community & Social Centres of Governance CHRC Disaster Coordination Centre Disaster Coordination Centre H10 H11140 R3 - Community & Social Centres of Governance Governance arrangements Other H9 H10 H11 H9 H11 H11 H9 M8 H9141 R3 - Community & Social Emergency Services QFES / QRFS QFES / QRFS H9 H10 H11 M8 E12 H10 H9 H9 H9143 R3 - Community & Social Emergency Services QPS Police Station QPS H9 H10 H11 M8 E12 H10 H9 H9 H9144 R3 - Community & Social Emergency Services QAS Centre QAS H9 H10 H11 M8 E12 H10 H9 H9 H9145 R3 - Community & Social Emergency Services SES Centre SES H9 H10 H11 M8 E12 H10 H9 H9 H9159 R3 - Community & Social Building Stock N/A N/A H10 H11 H11 H10 E12163 R3 - Community & Social Emergency Shelters & Places of Refuge Shelters Halls Centres Schools Places of Refuge Other M8 H9 M8 M7 H10167 R3 - Community & Social Cultural Elements Areas of Cultural, Indigenous, Religious Significance, CemOther M8 H9168 R4 - Medical Hospitals Hospitals & Community Clinics Hospital H9 H10 H9 M7 H11 H10175 R4 - Medical Public Health Not prompted Heat Stress H11176 R4 - Medical Public Health Not prompted Mental Health H9 M8 H10 M8 E12 H10 H9 H9 M8181 R4 - Medical Aged Care Facilities CHRC and Private Aged Care Centres Other H10 H11 H11 H9 E13 E12182 R5 - Significant Industry Heavy Industry & Manufacturing Mines and Quarries Mine H10 H11 H11 H10 E12 H10 H10184 R5 - Significant Industry Heavy Industry & Manufacturing Industrial and Manufacturing Facilities Industrial Facility H9 H10 H9 H10 E12 H9 M7191 R5 - Significant Industry Transport & Logistics Inland Port Other H10192 R5 - Significant Industry Agriculture, Fishing and Forestry Crops and Livestock Primary Producer H9 H11 H11 H10 L6194 R5 - Significant Industry Agriculture, Fishing and Forestry Plantation and Native Forestry Forestry H10 H11 H11 E13 H10203 R5 - Significant Industry Tourism Tourism Industry Other H10 H11 H10 E13 H11 H11210 R6 - Environmental Waste Management Landfill Transfer Station Recycling Station Tailings Dams Other M7 M8 M8 H9 M7216 R6 - Environmental Areas of State Environmental Significance (ASESNational Park, Protected Area, Wetland Habitat Area Other M7 M8 H9 E12 M8222 R6 - Environmental Local Ecosystems or Species of Concern National Park, Protected Area, Wetland Habitat Area Other M8 H9 H10 E13 H9 H9

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5. Key issues going forward From this point, the main objective is to build upon the establishment of the Queensland Emergency Risk Management Framework, and further progress the actions resulting from the framework, especially those of the highest residual risk as identified.

Following on from the implementation of the Queensland Emergency Risk Management Framework (QERMF), there is a need to:

• Further work is required at all levels to identify actual mass evacuation capability at Local, District and State levels.

• Further asses the existence and effectiveness of measures and controls in place to manage identified hazards

• Refine the residual risk scores and prioritise these

• Continue to exercise risk appetite, and determine how risks should be accepted, mitigated and or transferred

• Achieve agreement on the above with the Local disaster Management Group (LDMG)

• Initiate and develop business cases for key actions

• Articulate the major risks being transferred to State/District, and build cases for State funding and action where most needed

• Pursue innovative approaches to emergency planning, response, and recovery

5.1 Residual risk scoring and appetite

5.1.1 Refine QERMF effectiveness scores CHRC should continue to follow up on feedback from various agencies regarding emergency processes and procedures and assessment of their effectiveness and update the QERMF tool accordingly. This process has already been undertaken with CHRC Utilities and CHRC Planning and Development.

Work with the LDMG should be undertaken to refine the effectiveness scores of known measures and controls. This will include the measures in place from agencies represented on the LDMG.

5.2 Development of business cases

5.2.1 Mitigation business cases Select action plan items of top priority and most benefit to be gained and develop business cases around some of these required actions. Initially, up to four business cases could be authored.

5.2.2 State funding cases Concisely articulate the major risks being escalated/transferred to State/District level into a report, prioritised, and building cases for State funding or action where most needed.

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5.3 Integration of QERMF outcomes

5.3.1 Integration of Resiliency In line with the QRA focus on resilience, outputs from resiliency planning to date should be integrated into the QERMF tool

5.3.2 Local Disaster Management Plan The LDMP and sub-plans should be reviewed in light of identified actions, and recommendations made to augment or update these.

5.3.3 Training scenarios QERMF outputs and prioritised risks would be used as the basis of designing scenarios for emergency management training.

5.4 Emergency management innovation An innovation forum could be undertaken to consider new ways to prepare for, prevent, and respond to emergencies (e.g., systems for identifying potential fuel load issues on private land and getting action) – question why things are done the way they are currently.

This could be done in the form of a workshop using techniques designed to encourage new thinking and innovation around how emergencies could be managed.

Appendices

Appendix A – QERMF Tool The QERMF tool exists as separate Microsoft Excel spreadsheets held separately for each of the following hazards:

• Severe Tropical Cyclone – Category 3-5

• Severe Thunderstorm Event

• Bushfire

• Earthquake (Magnitude 5.35 similar to 1989 Newcastle)

• Heatwave

• Pandemic / Epidemic

• Exotic Animal / Plant Disease

• Major Accident (Air, Road or Rail Transport, Urban Fire, Hazardous Materials)

• Terrorism / Cybersecurity Attack

Regatta Lake Commercial 4-6 Innovation Parkway Kawana Business Village Birtinya QLD 4575 AustraliaPO Box 1540 Buddina QLD 4575 Australia 61 7 5413 8100 [email protected] © GHD 2021. This document is and shall remain the property of GHD Advisory. The document may only be used for the purpose for which it was commissioned and in accordance with the Terms of Engagement for the commission. Unauthorised use of this document in any form whatsoever is prohibited. C:\Users\fhill\Documents\91\12529960 CHRC QERMF Stage 2\WP\GHD CHRC All Hazards Risk Assessment Report 2021 0629.docx

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F. Hill E. Kerr E.K. H. Lancaster H.L. 01.07.2021

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