all grammars - kpds

7/31/2019 All Grammars - Kpds

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NDEKLER1992 MAYIS............................................................................................................................................................. 11992 KASIM ............................................................................................................................................................. 21993 MAYIS............................................................................................................................................................. 31993 KASIM ............................................................................................................................................................. 41994 MAYIS............................................................................................................................................................. 51994 KASIM ............................................................................................................................................................. 7

1995 MAYIS............................................................................................................................................................. 81995 KASIM ............................................................................................................................................................. 91996 MAYIS........................................................................................................................................................... 101996 KASIM ........................................................................................................................................................... 121997 MAYIS........................................................................................................................................................... 131997 KASIM ........................................................................................................................................................... 151998 MAYIS........................................................................................................................................................... 161998 KASIM ........................................................................................................................................................... 181999 MAYIS........................................................................................................................................................... 191999 KASIM ........................................................................................................................................................... 212000 MAYIS........................................................................................................................................................... 222000 KASIM ........................................................................................................................................................... 242001 MAYIS........................................................................................................................................................... 252001 KASIM ........................................................................................................................................................... 27

2002 MAYIS........................................................................................................................................................... 28

2002 KASIM ........................................................................................................................................................... 292003 MAYIS........................................................................................................................................................... 312003 KASIM ........................................................................................................................................................... 322004 MAYIS........................................................................................................................................................... 332004 KASIM ........................................................................................................................................................... 342005 MAYIS........................................................................................................................................................... 352005 KASIM ........................................................................................................................................................... 362006 MAYIS........................................................................................................................................................... 37CEVAP ANAHTARLARI ......................................................................................................................................... 38


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Mehmet Mamger ALL GRAMMARs - KPDS

1

1992 MAYIS

1. The influence ---- Freud ---- the generation that

followed was even stronger.

A) through / over B) from / to

C) off / towards D) by / upon

E) of / on

2. There is nothing remarkable ---- the subject

matter of his novels, but he will always be

remembered ---- his delightfully vivid settings.

A) about / for B) from / in

C) in / from D) out of / through

E) of / over

3. On the night we went to the opera, Domingo

was not singing, but ---- we enjoyed ourselves

enormously.

A) in case B) on the contrary

C) moreover D) whatever

E) nevertheless

4. ---- the terrible state of the roads following the

heavy rains, it is almost impossible to reach thevillage except in a tractor.

A) Unfortunately B) Owing to

C) Even so D) Except for

E) In spite of

5. I was lucky enough to get home ---- the

thunderstorm was beginning.

A) till B) so as to

C) in time for D) up toE) just as

6. She is one of those rare critics ---- judgements

have a common sense basis.

A) what B) which C) whom

D) whose E) that

7. The Old WivesTale is one of ---- impressive

novels I have read for a long time.

A) a more B) most C) the most

D) least E) the little

8. ---- of the information he gave me was

unfortunately out of date.

A) The more B) None C) Many

D) Some E) Another

9. He was delighted to learn that ---- people really

do appreciate his music.

A) any B) little C) a littleD) a few E) much

10. I have to admit I found his argument most

disturbing, ----?

A) have you B) havent you

C) didnt you D) do you

E) dont you

11. Before I got to the end of his article I felt I knew

everything there ---- about the North America

Free Trade Agreement.

A) was to know

B) is known

C) had known

D) is being known

E) has to be known

12. By the time he ---- his report to the screeningcommittee, others ---- up with better proposals.

A) has presented / had come

B) presents / will have come

C) will present / came

D) had presented / would have come

E) was presenting / will be coming


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2

13. One feels that there ---- any noticeable

improvement in the human rights problem in

Africa until all the African countries ---- their

economic difficulties.

A) cannot be / will overcome

B) hasnt been / had overcome

C) wont be / overcome

D) wouldnt be / would be overcome

E) wasnt / have overcome

14. As I ---- you yesterday, the undersecretary ----

over this afternoons discussions.

A) have told / was presiding

B) told / will be presiding

C) would have told / had presided

D) will tell / has presided

E) would tell / has been presiding

15. The Pacific markets ---- extremely competitive

since the manufacturing capacity of many Far

Eastern countries ---- to improve at the turn of

the decade.

A) are becoming / begins

B) had become / would begin

C) became / have begun

D) were becoming / would have begun

E) have become / began

16. If they ---- out some market research for the

new product they ---- such heavy losses in

sales.

A) have carried / had been spared

B) carried / will be spared

C) carry / have been spared

D) had carried / could have been spared

E) would have carried / were spared

1992 KASIM

1. Most children are able to walk ---- holding on to

anything when they are fifteen months old.

A) for B) from C) with

D) without E) to

2. ---- the time a child reaches school age, he

ought to be able to dress himself fairly quickly.

A) On B) For C) In

D) At E) By

3. ---- any change in the condition of the patient,

be sure that the nurse in charge is informed.

A) In the event of B) However slight

C) With the exception of D) Owing to

E) In favour of

4. I finally learned what had happened ---- the

nurse was wheeling him into the operating

room.

A) in case B) so that C) just as

D) during E) as soon as

5. Living conditions in a poor village are

obviously unhygienic, ---- life in a sophisticated

city is also potentially dangerous.

A) since B) but C) as

D) moreover E) even though

6. A child who is allowed to explore and find

things out for ---- soon develops self-

confidence.

A) themselves B) him C) each other

D) himself E) one another

7. Apparently both countries are seeking a face-

saving compromise, but it is unlikely that ----

will ever again gain the confidence of the world.

A) each B) neither C) either

D) the other E) the rest

8. Probably they didnt ---- appreciate the risks

involved in entering the competitive world of

automobile manufacture.A) too B) quite C) more

D) so E) as

9. For a while Matisse felt under the influence of

Gauguin and, later, under ---- of Cezanne.

A) these B) those C) some

D) much E) that


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3

10. The new Prime Minister is generally regarded

as ---- effective leaders the country has had in

decades.

A) another B) the most

C) the other D) one of the most

E) more than

11. Jane Tate will go far in the film world since she

has a remarkable talent for ---- even the most

conflicting emotions.

A) depicting B) having depicted

C) being depicted D) depict

E) having been depicted

12. Today coffee prices are far below the required

rate; hence, growers are unable to pay their

debts and cooperatives find it hard ----.

A) surviving B) survive

C) to survive D) survived

E) to have survived

13. For several years now she ---- as private

secretary to the bank manager.

A) has been working B) workedC) was working D) works

E) used to work

14. When they heard a gunfire across the border,

the relief workers in the camp knew that

another group of refugees ---- before long.

A) are arriving B) had arrived

C) will arrive D) would be arriving

E) could have arrived

15. Last weeks supplementary budget package ----

to prevent Japans economy from plunging even

lower.

A) is being designed B) has designed

C) was designed D) would be designed

E) had designed

16. In some quarters it is felt that the minister ----

the political stature that he needs to recast the

countrys economic policy.

A) was losing B) may have lost

C) would have lost D) had lost

E) lost

1993 MAYIS

1. The executive committee was of the opinion

that the motion must be passed ----.

A) in truth B) at all costs C) by heart

D) in connection E) at all

2. The board consist ---- a good cross-section of

local business representatives.

A) upon B) by C) up

D) of E) around

3. Despite long and tiring discussions, the two

delegations have failed to come to terms ---- the

issue of refugees.

A) towards B) under C) around

D) down E) over

4. A number of distinguished physicians were

invited to give ---- opinions on family planning.

A) ours B) its C) its

D) their E) own

5. The lecture he gave was highly complicated

with the result that ---- people were capable of

following it.

A) lesser B) a few C) few

D) more E) most

6. Of the rock samples we have so far worked on,

this is probably ---- valuable.

A) the most B) most C) many

D) little E) least


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4

7. I couldnt help admiring the professional

manner in ---- he dealt with the crisis.

A) whose B) that C) whom

D) which E) what

8. ---- far reaching the benefits of the new policy

may be, the country quite simply cannot afford

it.

A) Whatever B) However C) Whatsoever

D) Wherever E) Whenever

9. ---- the interest rates are concerned, it looks as

if the inflation has at least been curbed.

A) As far as B) Owing to C) By way of

D) Just as E) As regards

10. It is expected that, by mid-1992, the allied

troops ---- out of the Gulf.

A) must be pulling B) will have pulled

C) have pulled D) are being pulled

E) should pull

11. Reinforced concrete was used for the newbuildings ---- there should ever be another

landslide in the vicinity.

A) due to B) in spite of C) according to

D) in case E) instead

12. The witness finally admitted that he did

remember ---- someone standing by the

entrance.

A) being seen B) to see

C) to have seen D) having been seen

E) having seen

13. From the report, it looked as if he ---- a crucial

role in smuggling.

A) has played B) had played

C) is playing D) has been played

E) was played

14. It is time the members of the European

Community ---- into the open their fears

concerning economic recession.

A) have brought B) should bring

C) brought D) are bringing

E) will bring

15. If you ask me, they seem to ---- the takeover for

quite some time now.

A) have to contemplate

B) contemplate

C) have been contemplating

D) be contemplated

E) have been contemplated

16. Recently, the Agricultural Bank ---- to write off

the debts of the farmers in the earthquake area.

A) was being instructed

B) had instructed

C) will be instructed

D) instructed

E) has been instructed

1993 KASIM

1. Research into the causes of cancer is ---- vital

importance if we are to learn how to control thedisease.

A) on B) with C) in

D) of E) under

2. The economy of most Middle Eastern countries

is largely based ---- oil exports.

A) with B) upon C) about

D) onto E) for

3. In his new job he will be responsible ---- the

coordination of relief to the refugees.

A) about B) to C) for

D) at E) from

4. As far as I am concerned he is one of ----

talented lawyers the company has ever had.

A) most B) the most C) more

D) mostly E) least


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5

5. Some of the board members are convinced that

the price quoted is ---- high to be accepted.

A) more B) so C) little

D) too E) as

6. John said he couldn't make it on Tuesday or

Wednesday; I told him I couldnt ----.

A) either B) also C) too

D) neither E) as well

7. I suspect the most interesting developments in

space exploration have been the most recent

ones, ----?

A) arent are B) are they C) is it

D) do I E) havent they

8. Surely were in a position now ---- we can afford

to pay for the best legal advice.

A) where B) which C) what

D) that E) whom

9. ---- decision he makes, well have to accept it.

A) Whenever B) Whatever C) Whatsoever

D) Wherever E) Whoever

10. The doctor advised him to have monthly check-

ups ---- any return of symptoms might be

detected immediately.

A) if ever B) in case C) such as

D) even though E) so that

11. If you really ---- to promote him, you ---- so right

away.

A) are meaning / did

B) meant / will have to do

C) have meant / had to do

D) mean / must do

E) were meaning / had done

12. One way of ---- waste is ---- such things as

glass and paper.1

A) cut down / recycling

B) cutting down / to recycle

C) cutting down / recycle

D) cut down / recycling

E) being cut down / to have recycled

13. No new staff ---- appointed since the two

companies ---- merged.

A) are / would be

B) were / have been

C) are going to be / have

D) would have been / are being

E) have been / were

14. Today the telephone ---- an indispensable part

of our daily life but ---- so.

A) had been / had not always been

B) has been / is not always

C) is / has not always been

D) will be / would not always be

E) was / couldnt always have been

15. In the end I ---- him for the election since the

attitude of the delegates ---- so completely.

A) didnt propose / had changed

B) have proposed / will change

C) am proposing / would have changed

D) could not have proposed / is changing

E) had not proposed / changed

16. I ---- him taking notes frantically while the

minister ---- the troops.

A) saw / had addressed

B) could see / was addressing

C) see / was addressing

D) had seen / would be addressing

E) have seen / addressed

1994 MAYIS

1. One way ---- cutting down waste is to recycle

such things ---- glass and paper.

A) of / as B) to / of C) as / off

D) in / to E) with / in

1A ve D seenekleri elimdeki tm kaynaklarda byle verilmi


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6

2. Some of these new drugs, capable ---- curing a

variety of diseases, are sometimes hazardous --

-- use or disposal.

A) about / with B) for / at C) by / through

D) in / by E) of / in

3. As he failed to reply in time, the organisers

took his name ---- the list.

A) below B) to C) in

D) by E) off

4. Why don't you take your lawyer with you to the

meeting ---- there are problems he can deal with

for you?

A) whether B) even if C) as ever

D) unless E) in case

5. ---- of the information he gave could have been

found in any encyclopaedia.

A) A few B) Many C) Few

D) Much E) A great many

6. The director has promised that ---- finds asolution to this particular problem will be well

awarded.

A) who B) whoever C) the one

D) whomsoever E) anyone

7. I was immensely impressed by both the

qualifications and the personality of the

candidate, but ---- on the selection committee

was.

A) all the rest B) several othersC) many D) hardly anyone else

E) most of the others

8. Several members of the research team haven't

handed in their reports yet, and I must admit I

haven't ----

A) as well B) too C) either

D) also E) neither

9. The judge ruled that the evidence given by the

witnesses at the trial was not substantial ---- to

prove the doctor guilty of negligence.

A) already B) alright C) enough

D) fairly E) still

10. Weren't they supposed ---- a detailed study of

the area before they chose the site for the new

factory?

A) to have to make B) to have made

C) making D) having made

E) to be made

11. Since he became the chairman of the company

he ---- used to working late, and he seems toenjoy it.

A) has got B) gets

C) was getting D) had got

E) will be getting

12. Until the very last minute, we could not find out

whether or not he ---- to sign the treaty.

A) will agree B) would agree

C) has agreed D) is going to agreeE) has to agree

13. By the end of the 20th

century, all the countries

in the European Community ---- a political

union.

A) formed B) have formed

C) are forming D) are being formed

E) will have formed

14. The banks complained that they ---- adequate

notice regarding this new monetary policy.

A) are not being given

B) are not given

C) haven't given

D) had not been given

E) will not be giving


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7

15. Hardly ever ---- such a gathering of

distinguished scientists from so many different

countries.

A) there was

B) there has been

C) has there been

D) would there have been

E) there had been

16. The rescue workers ---- able to rescue some of

those who ---- still alive under the rubble.

A) should be / were

B) may be / are

C) might have been / have been

D) will be / would be

E) were / will be

1994 KASIM

1. As regards the decision to modernise the

mines in the region, here is a report which

contains ---- relevant information.

A) another B) any C) many

D) a E) some

2. Of all the medicines we have tested, this is

obviously ---- effective.A) much B) more C) the most

D) a little E) less

3. An hour after the accident he was conscious ---

- to describe how it had happened.

A) enough B) more C) as well

D) so much E) fairly

4. The project he has in mind is ---- complicated to

be feasible.

A) very B) too C) so

D) such E) as

5. This patient is not as seriously ill as ---- I

examined a little while ago.

A) whom B) other C) some other

D) one another E) the one

6. The manager told Brian to do the job ---- and

not pass it on to ---- assistant.

A) ourselves / their

B) themselves / hers

C) himself / ours

D) himself / his

E) yourself / my

7. Recently hes had a novel published, the title of

---- I cant recall at the moment.

A) which B) whom C) whose

D) what E) that

8. Clearly, you werent very impressed by the way

he managed the press conference; I must say I

wasnt ----.

A) neither B) too C) either

D) as well E) also

9. Ambitious plans ---- the expansion of the

railway network have had to be abandoned due

to lack ---- funds.

A) in / of B) on / about C) from / in

D) for / of E) over / on

10. ---- the world there has been a growing sense of

disillusionment with the United Nations and its

policies.

A) For B) Among C) On

D) From E) Throughout

11. The physicist I work with was bitterly

disappointed ---- that his experiments had not

produced the desired results.

A) learning

B) on learning

C) having learned

D) to be learned

E) to be learning

12. ---- able to get hold of any new supporting

evidence since I saw you last?

A) Will you be

B) Would you be

C) Have you been

D) Had you been

E) Are you


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8

1995 MAYIS

1. Plenty of evidence has come to light to prove

that he has been involved ---- smuggling.

A) through B) at C) by

D) in E) over

2. The high rate of inflation obviously puts a great

strain ---- the majority of working families.

A) on B) in C) beyond

D) through E) by

3. It is just possible that there is ---- reason behind

his refusal of this award.

A) other B) another C) the othersD) any E) rather

4. Even in classical times there were people with a

---- ethical approach to education than one can

find in our time.

A) few B) most C) more

D) little E) much

5. Local authorities have always given ----importance to the improvement of recreational

facilities.

A) any B) some C) too

D) quite E) many

6. There were many casualties on both sides, but

more on the enemy side than ----.

A) ours B) them C) we

D) their E) our

7. The government is determined to improve the

communications system ---- the costs involved

will be a serious burden on the budget.

A) so that B) while C) despite

D) as if E) even though

8. ---- well one may think of him, one must admit

that hes too old for the job.

A) So B) Although C) Even

D) However E) As

9. Have you seen the display of the books written

by the visiting professor ---- is going to talk this

afternoon on the future of the European

Community?

A) whose B) whom C) whoD) which E) what

10. The minister said to his under-secretary: You

will check that all the details are correct, ----?

A) arent you B) will you C) could you

D) wont you E) are they

11. Following a noticeable improvement in the

general economic scene, unemployment too,

seems ---- a turn for the better.

A) having taken B) to have taken

C) to be taken D) taking

E) to have been taken

12. For nearly a decade most governments in the

world ---- to find ways of combating

environmental problems.

A) were tried B) would have triedC) try D) could try

E) have been trying

13. By the end of this term of office, he ---- all the

projects he has already undertaken.

A) has completed B) will have completed

C) completed D) had completed

E) is completing

14. Before the nationwide vaccination campaign

----, the infant mortality rate ---- to an alarming

extent.

A) is being introduced / would rise

B) will be introduced / rose

C) had been introduced / has risen

D) will be introduced / was rising

E) was introduced / had risen


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9

1995 KASIM

1. Though he got other people to do research for

him in the archives he ---- wrote the whole

report

A) too

B) himselfC) also

D) as well

E) thus

2. At present ---- car is being repaired so we shall

have to go in ----.

A) my / yours

B) mine / your

C) their / us

D) his / our

E) hers / theirs

3. ---- the manager looks shy, youthful and mild,

he is in fact a rare combination of discipline,

energy and intellect.

A) So that

B) Even so

C) Although

D) Therefore

E) in case

4. Considering there are millions of hungry people

in the world, it shouldnt be difficult to

appreciate ---- important it is for us to find new

sources of food.

A) just

B) why

C) what

D) that

E) how

5. ---- wins will be expected to take the rest of us

for a meal.

A) Whoever

B) Who

C) Whomever

D) Whomsoever

E) Whatever

6. Today, ---- rapid transportation and

communications, the whole world is becoming

one community with common economic

interests.

A) as long asB) in spite of

C) just as

D) because of

E) such as

7. Of all the drugs that have been prescribed so

far, this has proved to be ---- effective one.

A) most

B) the most

C) more

D) just asE) the more

8. Under the present circumstances, we dont

have to take the case to the court ----?

A) do we

B) have we

C) is it

D) isnt it

E) dont we

9. It was clear that he wasnt impressed by the

way the business was run, and I must admit ----.

A) I also was

B) I did too

C) I wasnt either

D) neither did I

E) so did I

10. The way of life ---- which he was drawn

ultimately led ---- the collapse of his business.

A) with / up to

B) from / out of

C) by / into

D) into / to

E) through / down to

11. ---- first consulting us, I dont think he had any

right to reach such an agreement ---- the

strikers.

A) By / over

B) After / onC) Before / from

D) In / to

E) Without / with


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10

12. It wouldnt have surprised me if he ---- after that

incident.

A) resigned

B) had resigned

C) were to resign

D) has resigned

E) wouldve resigned

13. If we are to get out of this political mess,

someone ---- the lead, and the sooner they start

the better.

A) has taken

B) should have taken

C) had to take

D) must have taken

E) will have to take

14. It is hoped that by the end of the century the

growth rate of the world population ----

substantially.

A) will have been curbed

B) would have been curbed

C) has been curbed

D) will curb

E) will have to be curbed

15. Obviously there ---- a remarkable improvementin the condition of the patient since he ----

surgery.

A) is / undergoes

B) was / has undergone

C) will be / had undergone

D) has been / underwent

E) would have been / would undergo

16. By the time Brahms ---- to compose his

symphonies, this form ---- well established.

A) was beginning / would have been

B) had begun / was

C) began / had been

D) has begun / has been

E) would begin / would be

1996 MAYIS

1. Naturally I will come to you for advice whenever

I feel in need of ----.

A) them B) one C) some

D) none E) a few

2. Weve had some pretty good directors over two

years but Dr Radeliffe is ---- the most capable of

them all.

A) by far

B) over all

C) just so

D) as much

E) too much

3. The committee showed their wholehearted

approval of the designs he submitted and ----.

A) me, too

B) so did I

C) so have I

D) so we do

E) we also have

4. The other climbers were all for giving up the

attempt, but it was ---- impossible to convince

him of the need to do so.

A) too

B) such

C) quite

D) as

E) much

5. Could this possibly be the firms new buyer ----

reputation, if we are able to believe the

newspapers, is not quite what it should be.

A) whom

B) which

C) whatever

D) what

E) whose

6. ---- takes on the task of investigating these

particular allegations is going to run into a lot

of difficulties.

A) Someone

B) Anyone

C) Whatsoever

D) Whoever

E) Whichever


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11

7. His scheme, with all its shortcomings, will

inevitably be pushed through ---- we can

produce one, by Tuesday, which is obviously

much more feasible.

A) how

B) so that

C) unless

D) moreover

E) in case

8. ---- he gives the appearance of sincerity and

reliability, just remember that you cant trust

him an inch.

A) Though

B) That

C) As far as

D) NeverthelessE) So

9. On that occasion, he really was ---- luck; it was

as if every thing had combined ---- him.

A) up to / through

B) away from / behind

C) out of / against

D) into / upon

E) onto / over

10. Few sociologists will admit that a city is distinct

---- a village merely ---- the number of its

inhabitants.

A) of / for

B) from / by

C) to / over

D) in / though

E) off / in

11. Water has a moderating effect on temperature,

---- summer and midday heat, and winter andmidnight cold.

A) diminished

B) having diminished

C) to diminish

D) being diminished

E) diminishing

12. Of course nobody knows what the outcome of

the election ---- but at the moment Malcolm ----

as the most likely candidate.

A) would have been / is being regarded

B) is / has been regarded

C) was / would have been regarded

D) will be / is regarded

E) has been / has been regarded

13. When that happened, their hopes ---- because

the army ---- its most trusted leaders.

A) wane / would lose

B) are waning / loses

C) waned / had lost

D) were waning / has lost

E) have waned / lost

14. They ---- the advantages and the disadvantages

of the takeover when I ---- them an hour or so

later.

A) will discuss / would rejoin

B) have discussed / am rejoining

C) are discussing / will rejoin

D) were discussing / rejoined

E) would discuss / had rejoined

15. The doctors are of the opinion that if thedisorder ---- a few months earlier, it ---- treated

successfully.

A) had been diagnosed / could have been

B) were diagnosed / would be

C) has been diagnosed / will be

D) is being diagnosed / is being

E) were to be diagnosed / has been

16. We still ---- that any changes in the law along

these lines ---- to our advantage.

A) had believed / will have been

B) believed / had been

C) have believed / would be

D) would believe / were being

E) believe / will be


13/39


12

1996 KASIM

1. He invariably gets what he wants, but

unfortunately this is usually ---- the expense of

others.

A) out of B) from C) up to

D) at E) through

2. Public attention focuses ---- infant mortality as

a prime indicator of changes in a societys

health.

A) on B) to C) at

D) over E) into

3. He looked ---- nervously ---- his shoulder

hoping that no one was paying him any

attention.

A) out / of

B) up / through

C) back / over

D) down / from

E) in / for

4. ---- hard he works, hell never be the equal of

his father, hes just not capable of it.

A) SoB) However

C) As

D) Whatever

E) Just as

5. We know nothing at all about the companys

new chairman ---- that hes just had his fiftieth

birthday.

A) since

B) instead

C) in caseD) on condition

E) except

6. For a business to be really successful, team

work is essential and the members of team

must be support of ----.

A) each of them

B) the others

C) themselves

D) one another

E) the other one

7. The testimony of the second witness didnt

surprise me at all; ----, the account he gave was

more or less what I had expected from him.

A) on the other hand

B) as a matter of factC) conversely

D) consequently

E) nevertheless

8. I dont like the timetable they have given me; all

my classes are after lunch, but I would ----

rather teach in the morning.

A) much

B) more

C) as

D) justE) even

9. Ive given up expecting them to act sensibly,

but their behaviour on this occasion was ----

irrational than usual.

A) the most

B) so much

C) even more

D) ever so

E) the more

10. ---- of the questions they asked at the interview

were ---- what I expected.

A) Some / more

B) Each / such

C) All / so

D) Any / about

E) None / quite

11. Of course, it can never be proved, but just the

same, some people think that it ---- better for

these children if they had been forcibly taken

away from their families.

A) may have been

B) had been

C) will have been

D) would have been

E) must be


14/39


13

12. Actually, most of the crimes that ---- last year

were not connected with violence, but this is

not the picture that ---- up from watching TV

coverage of the topic.

A) were committed / builds

B) have been committed / has been built

C) were being committed / was built

D) had committed / would built

E) would be committed / had been built

13. Of course my suspicions ---- by the confused

way in which she ---- out her answers to my

questions.

A) have been awakened / was stammering

B) were awakened / stammered

C) awakened / stammers

D) would have awakened / had stammeredE) would have been awakened / has stammered

14. When he ---- that very rash promise he didnt

realise what he ---- himself in for.

A) will make / would let

B) has made / lets

C) made / was letting

D) was making / has let

E) makes / is letting

15. Indeed, on both sides, it ---- that the decisive

battles ---- on the plains of Flanders and

Northeast France.

A) has to be foreseen / has been fighting

B) has been foreseen / has been fought

C) could have been foreseen / will fight

D) had been foreseen / would be fought

E) will be foreseen / could be fought

16. The outbreak of fire underground ---- an

excellent opportunity for ---- a no smoking rule.

A) will prove / to be enforced

B) has provided / having enforced

C) would provided / to enforce

D) had provided / being enforced

E) provided / enforcing

1997 MAYIS

1. When the relief workers reached the scene of

the disaster, they immediately began to help ----

who could do nothing for ----.

A) that / himself

B) them / theirC) those / themselves

D) these / ourselves

E) us / yourself

2. The very idea of establishing a literary canon

has become ---- controversial that the people

running the Library of America have wisely

avoided using the term.

A) too

B) as

C) suchD) so

E) more

3. They havent met for twelve years or more, but I

understand they still write to ---- at a regular

interval.

A) the other

B) each other

C) themselves

D) the others

E) one other

4. It was foolish of me to turn down such an offer;

in fact ---- I think about it, ---- I regret it.

A) as much / so much more

B) the more / as much

C) much / as much

D) the most / so much

E) the more / the more

5. The scheme has been ---- consideration for a

long time now, but I doubt whether it will ever

be put ---- effect.

A) under / into

B) within / through

C) for / to

D) in / off

E) over / ever


15/39


14

6. It was ---- his efforts that the two sides finally

agreed to hold talks ---- the principles of

economic cooperation.

A) by / through

B) ever / for

C) through / on

D) with / at

E) without / from

7. I was forced to admit that there was a drop in

sales towards the end of the year ---- he had

predicted.

A) such as

B) even so

C) in case

D) just as

E) so far as

8. Under these circumstances he should never

have been allowed to take charge of the

operation ---- he was the most senior of the

officers available.

A) whyever

B) whether

C) even though

D) whenever

E) so that

9. Why cant you admit that ---- hard he works, he

will never manage to achieve what his elder

brother has achieved?

A) unless

B) whatsoever

C) though

D) whenever

E) however

10. Many more people would doubtless haveattended the debate ---- they had known inadvance who the principal speakers were.

A) if only

B) while

C) since

D) after

E) until

11. Our delegates hadnt shown themselves willingto come to terms, those from other countries----.

A) would be, too.

B) wouldnt have, either.

C) had not, either.

D) have had, too.E) would have, too.

12. In recent decades the efficiency of the UnitedNations ---- by a growing number of countries.

A) will have been questioned

B) was questioned

C) had been questioned

D) would be questioned

E) has been questioned

13. It seems likely that, by the end of the week, thecosts involved in the construction of the bridge---- by the Ministry.

A) would have been announced

B) would be announced

C) are being announced

D) will have been announced

E) have been announced

14. They set up a liaison office in East Africa formarketing their goods but now they wish they---- so.

A) had not done

B) have not done

C) would not do

D) would not have done

E) never do

15. Had they apologised for deliberatelyovercharging me, I ---- a complaint with theConsumers rights Office.

A) will not have filed

B) may not have filed

C) would not have filed

D) was not filing

E) may not file

16. We ---- no problems whatsoever with the damsince it ---- forty years ago.

A) had / has been constructed

B) have had / was constructed

C) had had / had been constructed

D) are having / is constructed

E) were having / was being constructed


16/39


15

1997 KASIM

1. There ---- many efforts to eradicate racism, butvery little success ----.

A) were / had been achieved

B) had been / would have been achieved

C) have been / has been achievedD) are / was achieved

E) may be / will have been achieved

2. He ---- his paper by saying that the entirehistory of human race ---- by transfers ofcultural and technological advance from onecivilisation to another.

A) concluded / had been marked

B) concludes / would have been marked

C) has concluded / was marked

D) had concluded / is marked

E) will conclude / was being marked

3. Evaporation ---- the process by which a solid orliquid ---- into vapour by heat.

A) had been / resolved

B) was / had resolved

C) has been / was resolved

D) may be / has resolved

E) is / is resolved

4. The Etruscans, who ---- a great part of Italyabout 900 BC, ---- from Asia Minor.

A) had colonised / originally came

B) colonised / had originally come

C) were colonised / have originally come

D) have colonised / originally come

E) were colonising / might originally come

5. The orders were that we ---- the area withinhours to prevent further loss of life.

A) had evacuated

B) have to evacuateC) will have evacuated

D) had to evacuate

E) shall have to evacuate

6. Economic recession and rising unemployment,coupled ---- continued increases ---- retail foodprices, have curtailed consumption.

A) with / in

B) through / through

C) by / for

D) at / aboutE) within / over

7. In Ethiopia, primitive farming practices anduncontrolled clearing of natural vegetationhave transformed much of the countryshighlands ---- bare landscapes, but alldestroyed ---- erosion.

A) above / of

B) for / with

C) into / by

D) in / under

E) to / at

8. The advance in the steel industry has beenmarked ---- a progressive increase ---- size,complexity and capital outlay.

A) at / of

B) with / to

C) over / fromD) by / in

E) under / through

9. The answer to the question ---- great art canexist independently of religion will, ----, dependon societys moral and aesthetic values.

A) what / in the same way

B) even if / in due course

C) whether / to a large extent

D) so that / in short

E) since / now and again

10. Thailand has lost half of its forests ---- itspopulation has ---- doubled in recent decades.

A) as / more than

B) just as / mostly

C) so as / soon

D) in case / quite

E) because of / much

11. Clifford Goertz, probably ---- famous

anthropologist in the world today, hasrevolutionised the way anthropology is taughton campuses.

A) more

B) most

C) the most

D) the more

E) a


17/39


16

12. Holding a yellow umbrella in his hand he said

he didnt know ---- it was, and added that it wasnot ----.

A) which / him

B) whose / his

C) who / herD) whom / us

E) that / theirs

13. The Deputy Prime Minister announced that itwas ---- early to propose amendments in thelegislation concerning industrial relations.

A) as well as

B) just so

C) just as

D) as soon as

E) as yet too

14. Activists are those in a political movement whoinsist on taking active steps towards theirobjectives ---- merely putting forward an actionprogram.

A) in order to

B) rather than

C) as far as

D) in that

E) so long as

15. He is diplomatically qualified ---- to negotiatefor a mutual reduction of the armed forces inthe region.

A) enough

B) though

C) as well as

D) not only

E) also

16. As he was not satisfied with the contents of the

document, he declined to sign it, and none ofthe members attempted to persuade him to, ----.

A) also

B) too

C) as well

D) either

E) yet

1998 MAYIS

1. Of all the policies put into effect by theThatcher governments ---- controversial wasthe economic one.

A) most

B) the more

C) the most

D) more

E) mostly

2. If the others hadnt voted in favor of theyounger candidate, I probably wouldnt havedone so ----.

A) even

B) too

C) also

D) as well

E) either

3. Today the expansion of knowledge inastronomy, physics, chemistry, and biology is---- vast and complex, and multiplying ----quickly to be mastered fully.

A) so / that

B) just as / as

C) as well / as

D) so / so

E) too / too

4. Scientists rely on computers to modelphenomena ---- would ---- be difficult toobserve.

A) whereby / in case

B) such as / nonetheless

C) which / nevertheless

D) that / otherwise

E) so that / in fact

5. The lawyer decided to call ---- of the witnessesonly and paid no attention to ----.

A) both / others

B) the two / any other

C) two / the others

D) some / another

E) any / some others


18/39


17

6. Several experts were working on the project,

and each came up with some interestingproposals, and naturally ---- claimed that ----was the best.

A) many / each B) some / its C) we / it

D) all / he E) each / his

7. We are prevented ---- completing the project ----time due to unforeseen circumstances.

A) from / on B) in / by C) by / in

D) at / over E) for / about

8. The Hollywood studio system in film making,which began ---- 1920 and flourished from the

early 1930s ---- the 1950s is unique in Westernculture.

A) throughout / into B) around / through

C) by / until D) within / over

E) along / till

9. ---- the embargo imposed on us is lifted in thenear future, we cant hope for any economicrecovery.

A) Whereas B) While C) Because

D) In case E) Unless

10. ---- proving useful in many scientific fields,computers-generated knowledge, ---- ProfessorHayes acknowledges, is not without pitfalls.

A) Although / because

B) Since / while

C) While / as

D) As long as / even if

E) Once / whether or not

11. ---- suggestion he may make as regards the taxrate, lets not give any response ---- we havediscussed the matter thoroughly together.

A) However / when

B) Whatever / until

C) Whyever / after

D) Whatsoever / while

E) Whenever / before

12. Most newspapers are of the opinion that if amajority of Scots really ---- independence, theBritish Parliament has no option but ---- to theirwishes.

A) did want / had acceded

B) wanted / have accededC) had wanted / would have acceded

D) do want / to accede

E) would have wanted / acceded

13. For a hundred years or so some critics ---- thatpoetry is dying and all that time poets ----poems that later generations recognise asgreat.

A) have maintained / have been writing

B) maintained / wrote

C) had maintained / were writing

D) maintain / are writing

E) would maintain / had been writing

14. What I ---- is that we ---- to think seriously abouta thorough reform in the legal system.

A) have proposed / should have begun

B) had proposed / were beginning

C) am proposing / begin

D) was proposing / have begun

E) proposed / had begun

15. When the Italian astronomer GiovanniSchiaparelli ---- a map of Mars in 1877, he ---- alarge number of straight linear features, whichhe called canali that is channels.

A) publishes / has noted

B) had published / was noting

C) has published / notes

D) published / noted

E) would have published / had noted

16. If we ---- the terms of the contract, all the paint-work in the building ---- finished by the 15

thof

next month.

A) are to meet / will have to be

B) were meeting / will be

C) met / would have had to be

D) had met / is being

E) will meet / was being


19/39


18

1998 KASIM

1. As the decade ---- to wind down, Mark Morris---- as our centurys youngest greatchoreographer.

A) has begun / had stood

B) will begin / is standing

C) was beginning / has stood

D) begins / stands

E) is beginning / has been standing

2. Of the many attempts that ---- to regulatelanguage one way or another, very few ----.

A) were made / had succeeded

B) have been made / have succeeded

C) are made / succeeded

D) could have been made / will succeed

E) are being made / may have succeeded

3. An acorn, left to itself becomes an oak, and ageneticist ---- its DNA to make it grow into anelm may justly be said ---- with its naturalcourse.

A) altering / to have interfered

B) having altered / to interfere

C) to alter / having interfered

D) being altered / interfered

E) to have altered / to be interfering

4. In the past few months, our company director ---- more mettle than most industrialists ---- in anentire career.

A) had shown / have done

B) showed / would do

C) shows / did

D) was showing / may have done

E) has shown / do

5. If they ---- what sort of a person he was, they ----him their support.

A) would know / didnt give

B) knew / wont give

C) had known / wouldnt have given

D) would have known / hadnt given

E) have known / havent given

6. I dont imagine he wrote the speech ---- but ----did so, certainly made a good job of it.

A) for them / whomsoever

B) of his / somebody

C) by him / theyD) himself / whoever

E) themselves / whichever

7. As ---- of our employees can afford cars of ----own, they all have to rely on public transport.

A) few / them

B) some / his

C) none / their

D) most / our

E) many / its

8. There are situations ---- the best way to heal thepatient is to help him die peacefully.

A) from where

B) in that

C) whence

D) for whom

E) in which

9. Hes certainly going to recommend that thechanges in the structure of the company be

introduced step by step, and ----.

A) so I am

B) so am I

C) so do I

D) I do, too

E) I also do

10. Do you really believe that the party programme---- it now stands, is democratic ---- to influencethe vote in our favour.

A) as / enough

B) since / alsoC) where / as well

D) such as / too

E) that / even

11. Private investments play ---- important a part inthe countrys long-running economicexpansion ---- no government dares to increasetaxation on personal savings.

A) too / that

B) such / as

C) much / soD) so / that

E) as / as


20/39


19

12. His proposals ---- the new social security policy

seems more viable than any of the others.

A) by way of

B) due to

C) owing to

D) in case of

E) as regards

13. ---- the recent rise in unemployment largelyaffects eastern Germany, there is considerableunrest in western Germany, too.

A) Since

B) In case

C) Although

D) Unless

E) Until

14. ---- he was campaigning for re-election lastyear, he promised that ---- re-elected, he wouldundertake to restructure the party.

A) Wherever / lest

B) Because / while

C) As / since

D) While / unless

E) When / if

15. ---- the terms of the forthcoming tradeagreement, Japan wins parity ---- the UnitedStates.

A) Through / above

B) By / of

C) From / from

D) Under / with

E) After / over

16. We have yet to take ---- consideration theproblem of how large future national armiesshould eventually be, regardless ---- their

current size.

A) onto / at

B) in / in

C) for / with

D) under / from

E) into / of

1999 MAYIS

1. They claim that their aim is to establish longterm cooperation ---- their customers, ---- abasis of partnership and mutual trust.

A) for / over

B) with / on

C) by / through

D) from / in

E) among / for

2. The collapse of Rome left ---- its wake a largevariety of ethnic communities ---- which modernEuropean states emerged.

A) before / of

B) at / through

C) over / by

D) in / from

E) within / with

3. Germanys weight in the European Union isknown, ---- what is not known, even to theGermans themselves, is ---- they are to use it.

A) but / how

B) in case / because

C) unless / why

D) lest / until

E) otherwise / where

4. Edward Gibbons great book The History of theDecline and Fall of the Roman Empire informsus ---- mankinds predilection for faction,augmented by environmental and culturaldifferences, is ---- determines history.

A) why / that

B) as / whereby

C) that / what

D) how / whoever

E) so that / whatever

5. It wont be easy to find a replacement for him,for ---- takes over is likely to meet the samefate.

A) what

B) which

C) wherever

D) whoever

E) whichever


21/39


20

6. The majority of ---- are apprehensive about newcomputer programmes, until weve actuallytried them out for ----.

A) him / himself B) us / ourselves

C) them / themselves D) ours / us

E) theirs / ours

7. Marxism ---- an important movement in Britaineven though it ---- its origin here.

A) would never have been / takes

B) had never been / would take

C) never was / has taken

D) would never be / would have taken

E) has never been / took

8. The history of the Venetian Republic ---- to anend in 1797 when Venice ---- over to Austria byNapoleon.

A) was coming / would have been handed

B) had come / has been handed

C) comes / had been handed

D) came / was handed

E) would come / was being handed

9. More than half of the 850 asylum seekerscurrently detained in Britain ---- in prison withno right of appeal, even though the vast

majority ---- with any offence, let aloneconvicted.

A) were held / are not charged

B) are being held / have not been charged

C) have been held / would not be charged

D) being held / had not been charged

E) will be held / were not being charged

10. Over the past two decades, the Corsicans ----their idyllic island, which was wrested byFrance from the Genoese in 1768, ---- intoterrorism, corruption and economic decline.

A) have seen / sink

B) had seen / sank

C) saw / to sink

D) would have seen / had sunk

E) would see / had been sinking

11. For observers of international politics, March1998 ---- as a month when the worldssuperpower relations ---- a hopeful new turn.

A) will be remembered / may have taken

B) had been remembered / would have taken

C) may be remembered / took

D) has been remembered / would takeE) would be remembered / will have taken

12. Apparently, the talks held between the twogovernments concerning the prevention ofdrug-trafficking have not been constructive ----to produce any positive results.

A) just B) as well C) also

D) enough E) so that

13. As far as I remember, it was in China that theyfirst met and got interested in the dam project,----?

A) dont I B) wasnt it C) do I

D) was it E) did they

14. The East European countries are stronglyconvinced that European Economic aid, ----welcome, is not a substitute for market accessand eventual membership of the EuropeanUnion.

A) just as B) lest C) since

D) when E) though

15. One gathers from the press that a largemajority of the people are not in favour of theimpeachment proceedings, and, frankly, Imnot, ----.

A) either B) too C) also

D) as well E) even so

16. The fundamental problem for North Africa isthat the region has ---- people ---- the aridenvironment can support.

A) not only / but also

B) so many / that

C) such / as

D) more / than

E) as much / as


22/39


21

1999 KASIM

1. Fish farming in the world seems to be destined

to expand, but it is ---- early to predict the likely

extent of growth in this field.

A) as well B) enough C) too

D) as E) so far

2. We are confident that the management and the

workforce will get on well together as long as --

-- respects ----.

A) the other / another

B) both / itself

C) the one / another

D) everyone / themselves

E) each / the other

3. The term "aborigines" signifies the original

inhabitants of any country, ---- the native tribes

of Australia.

A) with regard to B) due to C) in spite of

D) in particular E) according to

4. Although the American writer Katherine Anne

Porter used a variety of places ---- the setting of

her short stories and novels, she frequently

came ---- to the scenes of her early days.

A) through / over B) within / in C) for / back

D) without / for E) under / up

5. British TV is still stuck ---- a regulatory

structure designed ---- a bygone age.

A) off / within B) up / in C) away / by

D) through / over E) with / for

6. In their discussions concerning the proposed

defence strategies, NATO diplomats found they

could not agree ---- what the alliance was ----,

what weapons it would threaten to use and in

what circumstances.

A) on / for B) about / into

C) with / over D) by / about

E) before / through

7. Today the United States, still by far ----

prosperous country in the world, is increasing

its working hours ---- creating a more positive

balance between work and leisure time.

A) the more / as well as B)most / in spite ofC) M ore / than D) the most / instead of

E) the / just as

8. In developing new collective defence policies,

America and her European allies will ---- be

drawn closer together ---- drift irreversibly

apart.

a) either / or B) not only / but also

C) so / that D) both / and

E) just as / so

9. The telephone is at the centre of innovative

technologies ---- may alter forever ---- we

receive and use information.

A) which / but B) so that / since

C) that / how D) as / although

E) whereas / in case

10. The editor thought that the new series of

articles would prove very popular, but actually

hardly ---- seems to have been impressed by it.

A) nobody B) anyone C) the other

D) any other E) somebody

11. Originally the sonnet was an Italian poetical

form which attained great popularity in the

Renaissance, and ---- it was natural, ---- not

essential for Shakespeare and his

contemporaries to use it.

A) hence / if

B) while / though

C) since / however

D) furthermore / rather than

E) already / even


23/39


22

12. The report presents a general overview of the

problems that ---- when a disaster ---- nation.

A) would have been encountered / will hit

B) are encountered / will hit

C) have been encountered / had hit

D) had been encountered / was being hit

E) will be encountered / hits

13. The book of "a thousand and one nights" is a

collection of fascinating tales of the Orient, of

Mixed Indian, Persian, Arabic, and Egyptian

origination, and first ---- in Europe by Antoine

Galland's French translation in the early

eighteenth century.

A) having known

B) to knowC) to be known

D) made known

E) to be made known

14. There have been some art critics who ---- in

depreciation of Van Gogh that he ---- a

draughtsman all his life.

A) had maintained / has remained

B) have maintained / remained

C) were maintaining / had remained

D) maintained / would have remainedE) will maintain / remains

15. The Romanian Privatisation Authority

announced last week that Renault of France ----

to be the sole bidder for a majority stake in the

national car company, Dacia, which ---- cheap

cars for the domestic market.

A) would turn out / had made

B) has turned out / made

C) would have turned out / is making

D) is turning out / has madeE) might turn out / makes

16. At the Brussels meeting over the last weekend

Madeleine Albright, The American secretary of

State, ---- her allies that future NATO missions -

--- them further afield, but not all over the world.

A) assures / is taking

B) has assured / will have taken

C) assured / would take

D) had assured / took

E) was assuring / will take

2000 MAYIS

1. He ---- that the forests ---- to their naturalinhabitants, that is, to all varieties of livingthings.

A) suggests / be returned

B) suggested / to be returned

C) has suggested / to have been returned

D) had suggested / are being returned

E) would have suggested / return

2. With the help of satellite images, theIndonesian government ---- that it is the timbercompanies which ---- the mass destruction oftheir rain forests.

A) will show / would have caused

B) would have shown / had caused

C) had shown / were causing

D) shows / had been causingE) has shown / are causing

3. By the late 1980s, a surge of prosperity ----across southeast Asia, but in some countries ofthe region the economic structure ----sufficiently to the benefit from this trend.

A) would sweep / could not have developed

B) would have swept / has not developed

C) was sweeping / had not developed

D) has swept / was not developed

E) could have swept / was not developing

4. The ridicule that ---- upon him by leadingscientists of the day ---- to the novelty of histhinking.

A) is being heaped / would testify

B) has been heaped / testified

C) had heaped / has testified

D) was heaping / had testified

E) was heaped / testifies

5. When I ---- as a fully licensed geneticist in 1961,I thought I knew everything there was ---- aboutgenetics.

A) had been graduated / to be known

B) graduated / to know

C) was graduated / to have known

D) have been graduated / known

E) have graduated / to have been known


24/39


23

6. Perhaps these people are ---- ignorant to realize---- serious a threat these fertilizers are to theirhealth.

A) more / than

B) so / why

C) as much / as

D) too / just howE) not only / but also

7. I would have thought that only ---- naive workercould be deceived by ---- assurances.

A) the more / neither

B) a most / each

C) the most / such

D) a much / any

E) most / same

8. The motive was ---- aesthetic and social ---- theysought to bring good design within the reach ofthe ordinary man.

A) so / in that

B) both / because

C) just as / that

D) as much / as

E) too / therefore

9. He said I was submitting my application formrather late. But now I find ---- have still notsubmitted ----.

A) most / their

B) none / any

C) many / it

D) others / theirs

E) a few / these

10. In order to understand the implications ofresearch ---- brain development one has tomake a systematic study ---- what childrenknow.

A) on / into

B) for / by

C) through / beyond

D) over / at

E) after / before

11. The arrival of Europeans in America dislocatedtraditional ways of life and altered the world ----recognition.

A) for B) beyond C) at

D) off E) from

12. I sent an e-mail to everyone in the department,asking for articles for this special issue, but ----there has been no response.

A) so long B) on time C) until then

D) even later E) so far

13. The crisis is particularly serious ---- a wholeseries of related issues ranging fromunemployment to health benefits are involved.

A) so as B) as well as C) in order that

D) as for E) since

14. He felt that soil drainage should be kept to aminimum ---- much of the rainfall could beretained ---- soil moisture.

A) so that / as

B) even though / such as

C) whereas / like

D) whereby / such

E) whether / or

15. If we are to prevent the flow of toxic materialsinto the water reservoirs of the country, there isno other possible scheme available, ----?

A) isn't it B) aren't we C) is there

D) isn't there E) are we

16. It looks ---- the hiring committee isn't impressedby his qualifications, and I don't think themanager of the company is, ----.

A) like / also

B) as if / either

C) so that / as well

D) though / too

E) just as / neither


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2000 KASIM

1. Infectious diseases are those which are caused

---- an invasion of the body ---- organisms from

outside.

A) through / with

B) by / byC) over / through

D) in / without

E) upon / within

2. I did manage to keep my temper but I couldn't

refrain ---- pointing ---- that what he had done

was wrong.

A) in / at

B) at / to

C) by / away

D) for / offE) from / out

3. It ---- a mistake to think that all bacteria are

harmful, for, without some species, we ---- for

long.

A) is / had not survived

B) would be / could not survive

C) will be / have not survived

D) has been / would not have survived

E) had been / did not survive

4. Over the last few years, consumer interest in

organic agriculture ---- up dramatically, and

demand ---- currently ahead of supply.

A) has shot / is

B) shot / was

C) had shot / had been

D) is shooting / has been

E) was shooting / would be

5. Orwell ---- at that moment that when the white

man ---- tyrant it is his own freedom that he

destroys.

A) perceived / would turn

B) has perceived / turned

C) had perceived / has turned

D) would perceive / will turn

E) perceived / turns

6. Thesiger's passionate belief that traditional

societies around the world ---- against the

modern onslaught ---- fierce criticism.

A) were protected / will attract

B) have been protected / had attractedC) are being protected / was attracting

D) ought to be protected / has attracted

E) would have been protected / would attract

7. All the reports ---- handed in last week, but some

of them still ---- me.

A) should have been / haven't reached

B) were / didn't reach

C) have been / won't reach

D) had been / didn't reach

E) would have been / don't reach

8. David Dickinsons new play is a fairy-tale

romance, ---- a pregnant woman searches for the

father of her child during a torrential rainstorm.

A) who B) by whom C) that

D) in which E) whose

9. The true ecologist need not be a specialist at all,

---- his views should reflect the practical wisdomof ordinary people.

A) for B) where C) whether

D) in case E) that

10. ---- half of the budget of the US National Institute

on Ageing is spent on research into Alzheimers

disease.

A) As much as B) More of

C) Rather than D) Other

E) The most

11. Great natural disasters cause ---- widespread

death ---- massive social disruption and

outbreaks of epidemic disease.

A) much / as

B) so much / that

C) not only / but also

D) as / as

E) no sooner / than


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12. Though they had ---- government backing ---- a

potential home market, the company poured

billions of dollars into the project and lost

everything.

A) with / less

B) neither / nor

C) some / any

D) no / without

E) few / more

13. More importantly, Dobson's book is a reminder

of ---- powerful and radical green thinking can

be.

A) ever so

B) how far

C) wherever

D) much moreE) just how

14. You didn't have to invite all those people out for

lunch, so why ----?

A) didn't you

B) did you

C) have you

D) haven't you

E) don't you

15. This poem is generally supposed ---- in the

fifteenth century, but some people date it even

earlier.

A) being composed

B) to be composed

C) having been composed

D) to have composed

E) to have been composed

16. The failure so far to produce evidence of life on

any planet but ---- has given continued strengthto the belief in the uniqueness of Earth.

A) us

B) their

C) ours

D) our

E) them

2001 MAYIS

1. The problem with antiseptics is that ---- killinggerms they ---- kill the surrounding tissues.

A) far / from

B) so far as / too

C) as much as / bothD) besides / as well

E) as well as / also

2. Beethovens seventeen string quartettes hold ----the same position in chamber music ---- hissymphonies hold in the orchestral repertoire.

A) as / that

B) much / as

C) quite / whether

D) just / what

E) thus / than

3. Post offices don't have enough space to cope ---- the tremendous increase ---- demand for POboxes.

A) with / in

B) on / of

C) up / for

D) for / upon

E) through / from

4. Even prior to the 1930's, Swedish banks playedan important role ---- the financing ---- long-termindustrial projects.

A) at / for

B) for / in

C) in / of

D) by / with

E) into / over

5. In Belgium, compensation ---- accidents at workand occupational illness is exclusively theconcern ---- employers.

A) over / from

B) in / by

C) from / for

D) for / of

E) at / over


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26

6. More than ---- invention of the last eighty yearsor so, television has been the most harmful tofamily life.

A) some other

B) another

C) the other

D) any moreE) any other

7. Our sales are down again this month, ----.

A) and they also are

B) and so are theirs

C) and neither are theirs

D) but theirs aren't either

E) but they are too

8. Several important ports, ---- export timber, aresituated on the shores of the White Sea.

A) most of which

B) that many of them

C) those which

D) whichever of them

E) of which they

9. Once the occupying forces ----, many seeminglyinnocent people were accused of ---- with the

enemy.A) were leaving / to have been collaborated

B) were leaving / to have been collaborated

C) have left / being collaborating

D) will leave / collaborating

E) had left / having collaborating

10. Although the metropolitan theatres ---- amonopoly there for a long time, recently severalprivate theatres ----.

A) would hold / are being opened

B) had hold / had been openedC) were holding / will be opened

D) held / have been opened

E) have held / were opened

11. In 1906 at Boazky several thousandcuneiform tablets ---- and most of them ---- nowon exhibit in the Anatolian civilizationsmuseum in Ankara.

A) have been discovered / were

B) were discovered / are

C) have been discovered / had been

D) would have been discovered / are being

E) had discovered / have been

12. One oil company in particular claims ---- itsbeast to balance economic progress withenvironmental care and social responsibility.

A) to be done

B) having done

C) doing

D) having been doneE) to have to

13. Had it not been for the variety and flexibility ofits trades, Huddersfield, like so many of theother textile towns, ---- into a decline in the 20thcentury.

A) was going

B) had gone

C) would have gone

D) would go

E) had been gone

14. ---- the letters written by so many parents, theheadmaster agreed not to expel the boys.

A) In response to

B) With reference to

C) In case of

D) Apart from

E) Pertaining to

15. Henry VII's foreign policy was unheroic andunspectacular, ---- did he go to war and that waswhen he invaded France.

A) this once

B) never before

C) once again

D) only once

E) once more

16. Bennett's novel the old Wives's Tale is the one---- he is likely to be best known by posterity.

A) whose

B) for whom

C) by which

D) in which

E) that


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27

2001 KASIM

1. ---- the past few decades South Korea, Taiwan,Singapore and Hong Kong have achieved thefastest rates ---- economic growth the world hasever seen.

A) Within / at

B) During / ofC) In / over

D) After / in

E) Over / about

2. The works of the ancient Greek physicianHippocrates commonly known as the"Hippocratic Collection", consist ---- about 70works, ___ which only a relatively small numberare possible by him.

A) of / of

B) in / for

C) for / inD) at / about

E) by / within

3. ---- the computerized Dutch auction system, theflower industry gets flowers into our homeswhen they are still ---- their best.

A) under / at

B) at / in

C) from / with

D) until / to

E) within / for

4. Diesel engines are more efficient than gasolineengines ---- the fact that a larger proportion ofthe fuel used is burned.

A) consequently

B) following

C) owing to

D) contrary to

E) so that

5. The great bulk of industrial work nowadaysinvolves the use of machines, and it is certainthat mechanization will proceed ---- in thefuture.

A) as well as

B) on the other hand

C) just as

D) ever since

E) further still

6. Let's take the ferry to Bandirma from where it'sonly a short drive to Bursa, ---- driving all theway from Istanbul to Bursa.

A) as well as

B) more than

C) besides

D) instead of

E) except for

7. Few things ---- unnerved the Spanishconquerors of the New World ---- the prospect ofdeath on Aztec sacrificial stone.

A) as / as

B) so / as

C) not only / but also

D) neither / nor

E) so / that

8. Some anthropologists think that man today is---- honest ---- he was hundreds and thousandsof years ago.

A) much / as

B) the less / than

C) the least / of

D) little / as

E) less / than

9. Until the eighteenth century comparativelinguistic studies did not progress ---- beyondthe stage where ancient Greek and Romangrammarians had left them.

A) so much as

B) too much

C) either

D) very much

E) just in case

10. Julius Caesar ---- a great historian if the makingof history ---- him the time and the inclination towrite it.

A) could be / could have allowed

B) would be / allowed

C) had been / would have allowed

D) would have been / could allow

E) could have been / had allowed

11. Early in 1940, when Europe was already at war,Hitler ---- the sale of uranium from the Czechmines he ---- over.

A) has banned / has taken

B) had banned / took

C) banned / had takenD) bans / was taking

E) was banning / had been taking


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12. Physics, as it ---- at the end of the nineteenthcentury ---- to as classical physics.

A) has been known / might be referred

B) is known / has been

C) had been known / had been referred

D) was known / is referred

E) might have been known / was referred

13. Sometimes people select certain foods thatthey believe ---- their physical appearance andavoid those they believe ---- detrimental.

A) have improved / would have been

B) are improving / were

C) improve / might be

D) improved / had been

E) would have improved / have been

14. Much health education in recent years ----towards the view that heavy drinker ---- issubject for amusement but for practical help.

A) has been directed / is not

B) had been directed / was not

C) was being directed / wouldn't be

D) is directed / won't be

E) is being directed / hasn't been

15. It is not unusual for advertising campaigns ----even before the new products ---- onto themarket.

A) to have been launched / have come

B) being launched / will come

C) to be launched / come

D) having been launched / are coming

E) to have been launched / will have come

16. Galileo originated the method of controlledexperiment ---- now forms the basis of scientificinvestigation.

A) what

B) who

C) whereD) whom

E) which

2002 MAYIS

1. He insisted that mountaineering ---- a sport forhim, but a passion that ---- his whole life.

A) hadn't been / would dominate

B) isn't / has dominated

C) hasn't been / is dominating

D) wouldn't be / is dominating

E) wasn't / had dominated

2. The judges of the international tribunal at TheHague ----, on 1

stFebruary 2002, that charges

relating to all three wars ---- together.

A) would agree / had been heard

B) have agreed / have been heard

C) were agreed / will be heard

D) agreed / would be heard

E) had agreed / were heard

3. When he moved from Ethiopia where he ----, toEngland, his experiences ---- quite unlike thoseof his contemporaries at school.

A) had been born / were

B) is born / will be

C) would be born / would be

D) has been born / are

E) was born / will be

4. It's not considered safe to leave your computeron when you are not in the office, so you ---- doso.

A) don't have to B) mustn't C) needn't

D) haven't got to E) don't need to

5. If she----to the interview in a more positive stateof mind, she ---- a better impression.

A) will go / would make

B) goes / has made

C) had gone / might have made

D) would go / had made

E) has gone / makes


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6. The traditional idea that Asia was the cradle ---- primeval man has had to be modified ---- thelight of the discovery of human fossils of greatantiquity in Africa.

A) to / over B) for / from C) by / under

D) from / within E) of / in

7. Naturally I was rather disappointed ---- theresults of the experiment, but actually I wasn'treally surprised ---- them.

A) by / to B) over / for C) for / by

D) with / at E) of / with

8. When the personnel manager announced that

everybody had to do overtime because theywere ---- schedule, this caused a great deal ofill will ---- the staff.

A) near / for B) off / in C) back / from

D) below / between E) behind / among

9. Little is known about life on the ocean floor ----scientists have only recently developed thetechnology for exploring it.

A) yet B) as C) though

D) whereas E) while

10. Of the company's three accountants, only oneis useful; ----deserve to be sent away.

A) they both B) all the others

C) both the others D) each one

E) each of them

11. The young sociologist ---- article waspublished in the "National Geographic" hadtraveled 1700 miles across Australia's westernwilderness.

A) whose B) who C) that

D) which E) whom

12. The impression I got was that the director hascompletely given up ---- hopes he may at onetime have cherished.

A) as many B) such C) every

D) any E) so many

13. The evolution of a parliamentary democracy ----came about over a long period of time and ----then the process was a rough one.

A) simply / as B) only / even

C) hardly / since D) just / up to

E) really / so

14. The post is mine ---- I agree to stay with the firmfor at least three years.

A) in case B) conditionally C) if

D) whether E) accordingly

15. They are in no way responsible; we must facethe fact that we have only ---- to blame.

A) itself B) ours C) them

D) themselves E) ourselves

16. The micro air vehicles they are working on are---- small that it will be almost impossible todetect them with radar.

A) too B) as C) such

D) so E) more

2002 KASIM

1. The members of the special commission oncrime, some of ---- were appointed by themayor, still meet on a regular.

A) that B) whose C) whom

D) who E) which

2. ---- the Civil War, those years turned out to begolden era for the magazine industry.

A) Despite B) Obviously

C) Although D) Pertaining to

E) Nevertheless

3. Unfortunately ---- stamping out the drugs' trade,these programs are simply forcing druggrowers to move into more inaccessibleregions.

A) besides B) rather than C) in addition to

D) due to E) as for


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4. Indeed, the situation is such that the chairmanhas finally promised to implement ---- thecommittee recommends.

A) whoever B) however C) if ever

D) as ever E) whatever

5. Unfortunately ---- current productivity growthlooks impressive, the rise in profits ever thecoming years is likely to prove disappointing.

A) since B) just as C) even though

D) if E) which

6. The biggest accounting issue raised ---- theenergy company is ----accounting standards.

A) by / over B) to / to C) for / under

D) through / within E) from / into

7. Crying, which starts ---- birth, is an alarmsystem that attracts the parent and it can beswitched off ---- parental attention.

A) with / after B) at / by C) for / with

D) from / for E) by / through

8. Since 1998, the US federal government hasmore than doubled its spending ---- defence ---- biological and chemical weapons.

A) for / with B) of / to C) on / against

D) in / from E) with / over

9. Items ---- display in this museum wereobtained ---- mosques, Turkish baths,fountains and caravanserais dating back to theOttoman period.

A) on / from B) in / by C) for / out of

D) within / of E)with / at

10. Following four Mars mission losses, anindependent report paints a very clear pictureof ---- what ails the US space program, ---- whatmust be done fix it.

A) whether / though B) either / or

C) how / and D) thus / that

E) not only / but also

11. Basically a country has two objectives inimposing tariffs; one is to raise revenue forgovernment, ---- is to protect home industriesby raising the price of competing goods fromabroad

A) other B) both C) another

D) the other E) each

12. This part of Africa is growing greener again ----that families who fled to wetter coastal regionsare starting to go home.

A) so far B) to such an extent

C) even so D) as a result

E) even more

13. While the parades for the opening of parliament----, the president ---- a sobering message forhis countrymen.

A) had rehearsed / prepared

B) have been rehearsed / has prepared

C) were being rehearsed / was preparing

D) are rehearsing / is preparing

E) had been rehearsed / would prepare

14. Though we still ---- a long way to go, a lot ---- indeveloping new medical procedures to dealwith diseased tissue.

A) had had / had been accomplished

B) had / has been accomplished

C) have had / was accomplished

D) are having / was being accomplished

E) have / is being accomplished

15. Soon, customs officers ---- to use X,-ray

technology ---- cavities in vehicles for drugs.

A) have been able / having scanned

B) are able / scanning

C) were able / to be scanned

D) will be able / to scan

E) would have been able / to have scanned


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16. As acquisition opportunities within the EU ----less, western European energy companies ----to turn eastward: in the hunt for expansionopportunities.

A) grow / are being forced

B) will grow / would have been forced

C) are growing / would be forced

D) have grown / had been forced

E) grew / have been forced

17. If Britain ---- the euro, say in 2004, the stabilitypact ---- highly important.

A) will be joining / is becoming

B) has joined / will have become

C) will have joined / will become

D) would join / has become

E) we

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