all about wine

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All about wineAbout Wine

When you find so much time for leisure and sun bathing spree, you would prefer to have wine asyour energizing company. Wine is an intoxicating drink and is made from the grapes as afermented juice. Wine is also prepared from other fruits. Since, grapes can ferment without theaddition of sugar, Enzymes or nutrients they are most preferred to make wines. Nearly all thewines made in the world are prepared from the vitis vinifera, a species of the grape family.Almost 4,000 wine varieties are made from this species. Apple cider, pears, cherry, plum andberries are some of the fruits used to make wines. Wines are manufactured commercially as wellas some fruit wine come as fermented home products. Alcohol content will be 12% in fruit wines

and when they are equipped with brandy the content is increased to 20%. Wine becomes a goodwell known creature if it is used judiciously.

History of wine

Wine making and drinking has a long and past history. Experts agree that wine dates from 6000BC. Wines were cultured in Egypt and in Mesopotamia. Greece, Spain, Mexico, Rome, andUnited States followed them. Spain played the important role inwine makingprocess.Wine making and grape cultivation spread throughout the world. Wine became the valuable trade.The prosperous people enjoyed thewinesand rulers tried to hide this treasure as a clandestine. As

Christianity spread to the parts of the world, the monks developed the process by making gooduse of their time. Vineyard growth became the keystone because of the climate and soil in therecognized regions. The world's recognized wines were developed by France and it became theleader.From bible to ancient mythology, tales of intoxication by absorbing the fermented grapesflourished. Fossil evidence also traced the leftovers of the wine sediments. It also relieves that theancient humans documented the bliss of this exciting liquid.Today a variety of vine is found growing all over the world due to the wide variety of climates.The vitis vinifera species is the primary species in making most of the wines. New routes havebeen established to the wine industry due to the varieties and vintages that come from all over theworld. Due to the captivating history of the wine and profound interest in their wine Francenovices and connoisseurs like in searching the perfect taste of the wine. Certainly a wine isavailable for everyone in the world.
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Popular Wine-Making Grapes

Although grapes come in great variety some of them are more popular. The winemakers as wellas consumers prefer them the most than any other variety.Some of the popular wine makinggrapes include:

Chardonnay

This one belongs to the white grape family and helps to make the most famous wine in the world.Burgundy and champagne provinces of France act as the origin for this variety. In oak barrels it isusually aged.

Merlot

This red grape belongs to the cabernet sauvignon variety. Merlot is mixed with cabernet forflavor. Wine that is smooth, dry and rich in flavor is made by merlot. Since this grape is found tosusceptible to fungus and other mold disease growing this needs little effort.

Pinotage

A red grape found in South Africa is a cross of pinot noir and cinsault grapes. Fruit flavorings arefound in a large amount in the wines that made from pinotage.

Sangiovese

For Chianti and brunello di montalcino this grape is used in the Tuscany regions of northern Italy.Spicy and smooth textures are its special characteristic. It also has excellent acid level. Vintnersof California are trying to grow this grape.

Shiraz or Syrah

It is also as syrah in France and Shiraz in Australia. This is a red grape variety. Sweet and riperwines are produced during warmer climates while spicier and peppery flavors are producedduring cooler climates.

Zinfindel

California is the home for this red grape. Due to its delicious fruit flavor and spicy hues manywines are prepared form this grape.


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Wine grape varieties

Grape, a juicy fruit found in variety of colors. Grape is used for eating, wine making and as a dry fruit. It isalso used in jelly, vinegar, candy, seed extraction, seed oil and jam. Vitis vinifera and vitis labrusca regionsact as the origin for the grapes. Wine making became the main reason for cultivating grapes. The major grapeproducing countries in the world are South America, Austria, Mexico and eastern countries. Thousands ofgrape varieties are grown all over the world; the wine grape varieties represent only a fraction of them. Thecolor, size, phenolic distribution and acidity of grapes give each wine its own characteristic.More than 10,000 grape varieties exist, but only few are used for commercial purpose. For raisin productiononly three varieties are used and as table grapes less than one dozen are consumed. In wine productionapproximately 130 varieties are used. Chardonnay, merlot and cabernet sauvignon grape varieties are used bythe wine experts since they think that the wine drinker's focus their attention only on that and other varietiesare not known.Wine quality is affected by the factors such as soil, climate, viticulture and wine making techniques. Whenthe grape variety is well suited to the soil and climatic structure the quality of wine is maximized. Wine typeswith distinct flavor are produced by many native grape varieties.

White and red grapes are the major grape varieties. Varietal wines are wines that are made from single grapebreed. But many wines combine numerous grape varieties. Chardonnay and cabernet sauvignon act asinternational varieties and are grown globally.To give different taste and color each type of wine uses different grape variety. Attributes such as color, size,skin thickness and acidity differ in all kinds of grapes. These attributes are influenced by the area in whichthe grapes are cultivated. To manufacture a high quality wine, a qualified winemaker knows how to mergeand choose the grapes from many varieties.

The Wine grapes categories are:

Red grapes

During the month of august to November the red grapes grow inplenty. These grapes are rich in vitamin c and have a sweet pulp.Pinot noir, syrah, nebbiolo and zinfandel are some of famous redgrapes...more about red grapes

White Grapes

Grapes that are green, yellow, pink or brown in color are called white grapes. The world's famous white wineis the chardonnay, because of its gamut flavors and styles... more about white grapes

c
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Types of wine

Wines can be classified primarily by the grape variety used to make the wine and the region where the grapesare grown. Wines classified on the basis ofgrape varietyare called varietals and those classified on the basis ofregion are named by the region itself.There are different types of wines and wine styles. Basically wines can be classified into two generalcategories. They arewhite wineswhich are colorless andred wineswhich have the color intensity based on thesoaking time. This is the information that most of us know.But wines can be classified by their taste also. The sweetness of the wine helps us to judge the wine by itstaste. Classification of the wine according to the taste is as follows:

Dry wines Medium Wines Sweet wines

Apart from the classification of wine by taste the general types of wines are as follows.

Red wines

Red wines are color wines. Red wines are made from the red grape varieties. These wines get their color byallowing the skin of the grapes to get contact with the grape juice during the wine making process. Red winesare available in different varieties and taste. The most popular red wines are:

Cabernet Sauvignon Merlot Pinot Noir Zinfandel

White wines

White wines are generally colorless and they are made from the white grape varieties. Some of the whitewines can be made from the red grapes. In such a case the skin of the grapes is not allowed to have anycontact with the grape juice. The white wines generally range from dry to sweet wines. The most popularwhite wines are:

Chardonnay Riesling Sauvignon Blanc Gewurztraminer

Rose wines

Rose wines are also called as Blush wines. Rose wines are not true not truly red,instead they have enough of reddish tinge to make them differentiate from thewhite wines.Rose winesare prepared from the red grape varieties. The most popular

rose wine variety is:
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ZinfandelSparkling Wines

Sparkling wines have a small amount of intense effervescences. Champagne is the most famous sparklingwine in many regions in the world. The famous sparkling wines are:

Rose Champagne Prosecco Sparkling Red Wine

Sweet Wine or Dessert Wines

Dessert wines are prepared from the residual sugar that is left in the finished wine. This gives the wine a verysweet taste. Dessert wines vary from off-dry to super, sticky sweet wines. The dessert wines are considered to

be the sweetest wines. The famous dessert wines are:

Sweet white wines that include (Botrytis (Noble Rot), Ice Wine (Eiswein), Late Harvest Wine) Sweet red wines that include (Late Harvest Wines and Fortified Wines)

Fortified Wines

Fortified wines are those that are produced with a small addition of the grape spirit. Fortified wines generallyinclude the dry and sweet styles. The famous fortified wines are:

Port wine Madeira Sherry

Table Wines

Tables wines are also called as "Dry Wines." This is the wine that is mostly produced in most the regions inthe world. The famous table wines are:

Dry white wine Rose wine Dry red wine

White Wine And Its Types

White grapes are used to prepare most white wines. By letting the skin to soak along with theuice wines can get its color. Since this is the fact it is possible to make white wine from black

grapes. This can be done by extracting the juice carefully and keeping the skin aside. The mostfamous white wine is champagne. It is prepared from the black grapes (pinot noir and pinot and

meunier.
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The amount of tannin is also reduced in thewine when the skin and stem is not allowed tosoak in the juice. The mouth drying quality oftannin makes you feel the firmness of wine in

your mouth. Sometimes the white wines areallowed to ferment or age in oak barrels. Thisprocess will impart some tannin to the winebut not as much tannin in the red wine.White wine can be extracted from black orwhite grapes, since all grape juice arecolorless in the beginning. White wine flavorranges from very dry to sweet and golden.

Grapes used to make white wine

ChardonnayChenin BlancGewurtztraminerMuscatPinot GrisRieslingSemillonSauvignon Blanc

Following are the famous white wines used all over the world:

Chardonnay

This wine can be described as sparkling or still wine. It can be served with fish and chickendishes. It has a wide bodied and velvety citrus flavor. It has a buttery quality that resemblescoconut, toast, toffee or vanilla when it is fermented in an oak barrel.

Gewurztraminer

This wine can be served along with the Asian food and sausages. It has allspice, lychee, peachand rose aroma with fruity flavor.

Muscat

This wine is prepared from Muscat grape which describes a family of grapes. This sweet wine canbe enjoyed on its own without any pair and dishes. It has a musty and grapefruit aroma.

Riesling

These are fresh tasting wines and improve with age. They can be served along with chicken, fishand pork. This wine is very light and is an evocative of fresh apples.x

Sauvignon Blanc

These wines are often considered as versatile food wines. They can be served along with poultry.They have an herbal and fruity flavor but sometimes it is also smoky.
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To see a complete list of white wine move on to the pageList of White wines

Common White Wine Flavor Descriptions

Citrus Apple Pear Grapefruit Lemon Lime Pineapple Melon Butter Honey Floral Herb Earthy

Red Wine And Its Types

Red wines are produced from black, red or blue grapes. Red wine does not get its color from the juice. Redwine gets its color when the juice of the grapes is allowed to have contact with the grapes skin for a long

time. Red wine does not get its color by simply soaking the skin; it also has a substance known as tannin.Tannin gives the red wines the density that is ahead of the other white wines. The mouth drying quality oftannin makes you feel the firmness of wine in your mouth. The firmness will be strong if the wine is young.The qualities of wine will become soft and mix harmoniously with the other factor of the wine as the timepasses. This act as the main reason for the red wines to age better than whites. The grapes are fermented as awhole along with the skin and seeds. Red wines can be light or sweet, soft orrefreshing.

Though the color of red wines vary greatly their flavor does not differ muchas white wine with their counterparts. The flavor of red wine tends to bedeeper due to the presence of tannins.

Since red wine has more complex flavor it has to be served at a warmertemperature.

Grapes used to make red wine

Cabernet SauvignonGamayGrenacheMerlotPinot NoirSangiovese

Syrah/ShirazTempranillo
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Zinfandel

Following are the major red wine types:

Barbera

This wine is similar to merlot but it is not well known. This wine can be paired with any type of dishes thatare prepared from tomato sauce. They have a taste similar to blackberry and plum fruit, with a glossy texture.

Cabernet Sauvignon

It is considered as one of the world's best wine. It is often paired with cabernet franc and merlot. It has a fullbodied flavor. It can be served along with red meat.

Merlot

A good introduction to red wine and an easy to drink wine is the merlot wines. They have a rough and tannic

flavor. This wine can be served along with any type of food.

Pinot Noir

Grapes used to prepare this wine are difficult to grow and it is rarely mixed with other varieties. Chicken,lamb and salmon can be served along with this wine. Pinot noir wines have a fragile taste and fresh fruitysmell and plain notes.

Syrah or Shiraz

These wines match well with beef, steak, stew, and wild games. It has a fruity taste and fascinating tannins.

Zinfandel

The grape used to make this wine is considered to be world's most versatile grape. Wines prepared from thisgrape have heavy red color. The wine can be served along with tomato sauce, pizza or meat depending on itsheaviness. It has a bracing berry and pepper flavor.To see a list of red wines move to the pageRed wine list

Red Wine Flavor Descriptions

Cherry Plum Strawberry Blackberry Raspberry Currant Gooseberry Boysenberry Raisin Fig Pepper (white/black) Clove

Cinnamon Coffee
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Cocoa Mocha Tobacco Leather Licorice Toast Smoke Violet

Rose WInes

Rose wines are also called as Blush wines. Rose wines are not true not truly red, instead they have enough of

reddish tinge to make them differentiate from the white wines. The color of the rose wines varies dependingon the color of the grape variety used for making the grapes. Most of the times rose wines seem to haveorange color then pink or purple. Rose wine can be produced in a number of ways. But most of the times therose wines are prepared by crushing the red grapes as a result they are not able to get much color or tanninfrom the grapes. Rose wines are white in their character and flavor.

Early days the rose wines were made by simply adding a bit of red wines withthe white wines. The wine makers thought that this method will produce someinteresting wines which posses the heart character of the red wines and thecrispness of the white wines. Then slowly this practice has fallen down.Drinking rose wine in the hot weather give the feeling of crispness and

lightness and is also very refreshing. So it is often referred as summer wines.Generally rose wines are simpler than the heavy white and red wines.The styles of rose wines vary generally. Rose wines from Europe are so drywhile rose wines from the United States are sweet. The most popular rose wineis the White Zinfandel from California.Most of the rose wines are made from red grapes. The red grape varieties thatare used in the preparation of the rose wines are:

Pinot Noir Syrah Grenache Merlot Malbec Cabernet Sauvignon Tempranillo Sangiovese Zinfandel

These grape varieties are used either alone or is blend with the other in the preparation process. Generally theskin of the grapes is not allowed to have a detailed contact with the grape juice. The shorter the contact is thelighter the color will be. The flavors of rose wines are tend to more delicate compare the red wines.
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Sparkling WInes

Sparkling wine is a delicious, invigorating wine that also be called as champagne, bubbly and shimmer wine.Sparkling wine contains large amount of carbon dioxide. This carbonated beverage is made in all parts of the

world. The carbon dioxide makes the wine to fizz, bubble and to be effervescent.The grape varieties that are used in making sparkling wines are Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, Pinot Meunier, andChenin Blanc. Sparkling wines are produced mainly from the red grapes. The red wine grapes are pressedimmediately after harvesting to get the white juice hence they are called as "White from Black". At the sametime some sparkling wines can be produced from white wine grapes to get more delicate sparkling wines.These are called as "White from White".

There are different types of sparkling wines produced all over the world.Sparkling wines are made from different wine making grapes withdifferent production processes. But the characteristic of all the sparklingwines are common.Carbon dioxide that forms the bubbles in the sparkling wines is formed inthe fermentation process itself. To make a sparkling wine there are morethan one fermentation process. The wine makers all over the world willuse their preferred production method.Champagne is the king of sparkling wine. It is a proper name given tosparkling wines produce in the Champagne region of France. Prosecco isthe name of the sparkling wine that is prepared in Italy. Italy is well formaking the sparkling wines and is generally served with the desserts.Sparkling wines have a delicate flavor and effervescence so in order to get the full characteristic of the winesthey should be served chilled. So the sparkling wine should be served in the refrigerator for 3 to 4 hours

before serving.Generally sparkling wines are suitable for parties and functions. So it can be well paired with meat, fruit,cheese and sea food. For example meat like chicken, port tenderloin, flank steak, and turkey and fruits likestrawberry, raspberry, blueberry, and blackberry, and cheese like brie, provolone, goat cheese, and creamcheese and sea food like scallops, halibut, lobster, and shrimps serve as good paring with the sparkling wines.

Semi-sparkling wines

Fully sparkling wines are sold between the 5 to 6 atmosphere pressures in the bottle. This pressure is threetimes more than the pressure found in the automobile tire. Sparkling wines are those that have theatmospheric pressure between 1 to 2.5. The amount of the atmospheric pressure in the bottle is determined bythe amount of sugar added to the wine during the triage stage which comes at the beginning of the secondaryfermentation.

Dessert WInes

Generally by definition a dessert wine is a wine that has high sugar content. The sugar content will be highthen the normal table wines. A dessert wine has 3 to 28 percent residual sugar in them. Dessert wines areavailable in different types since they are made from differential grape varietals.

Dessert wine is said to be potent, sweet and it is also full of flavor. The sweet flavor of the wine makes themas a compliment to the desserts. To raise the alcohol content in the wine extra spirits are added to it. In
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comparison to the table wines the dessert wines are thicker, richer, and sweeter. In order to preserve theresidual sugar content in the grapes they are picked late during the harvest time.Dessert wines come in small bottles and they can be served in tiny glasses. Generally an average pour will be2 ounces.Dessert wines can be white and red in color. The white dessert wines are served chill while the red dessert

wines are served at the room temperature. Dessert wines go well with the fresh bakery sweets and fruits. It isalso advisable to serve heavier taste for the winter season and lighter taste for the summer season.Dessert wines come in different flavors like peach, almond, oak, and herbs. Combining the dessert wine withthe creamy desserts will be a wonderful combination. As a rule the dessert wine should be sweeter than thedesserts it is served with.

Some of the famous dessert wines include:

Madeira Vermouth Marsala Sherry Cream Sherry Port

Dessert wines come in many styles and types. All aremuch sweeter than the habitual wines.Like the other wines in the world the dessert wines arealso defined by the grape variety which is used to prepareit. It is also described by the region where it is grown andhow it is produced.The best characteristic of the dessert wine are aromas, complex flavors, textures, and memorable finishes.What makes dessert wine sweet?Dessert wines of the past were often sweet because they are not fermented completely. The main reason forthe sweetness of the dessert wine is the naturally occurring glucose and fructose in the grapes which will beincreased if the grapes are allowed to ripen for a long time in the vineyard.France and Italy are the most famous producers of dessert wines.

Fortified WInes

Fortified wine is a wine to which the spirits of the distilled beverages like brandy are added. In order toincrease the alcohol content of the wine the spirits are added before the fermentation process is complete.This kills the yeast leaving the residual sugar behind. The spirits change the profile of the flavor thusproducing a very distinctive and unique wine. Thus the end product wine will have both the sweet and strongcharacteristic.Many varieties of the fortified wines are developed. The most common and famous fortified wines are Port,Sherry, Madeira, Marsals and Vermouth. The famous regions for producing fortified wines are France, Italy,Spain, and Portugal. Most of the fortified wines have their name from where they are produced. And thewines with the regional name have different distinct style.Further the wines are classified according to the grade of the grapes used, fermenting process, etc. in certain

cases the fortified wines are confined with the Appellation of Controlled origin, this means that only thewines that belong to the certain regions have can bear that name. Wine from other different regions can be
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labeled only as being the "style".Port wine is also used as a dessert wine if the brandy is added to the fortified wine before the fermentationprocess beings. The resulting port wine is very sweet and rich. Adding, the spirit of brandy after thefermentation process results in a dry wine such as Vermouth. The flavor of the fortified wines variesdepending on the aging process and the way it is handled.

In rare occasions the fortified wines are used in mixed bar drinks. They are also used as cooking wines alongwith sherry. Contradiction to the traditional wine the fortified wines last longer after opening. Hence thefortified wines can be served in small amounts allowing the drinker to enjoy each sip of the wine.Food pairing with the fortified wine depends on the type of fortified wine you are choosing. Generally thefortified wines are known for their long standing contribution both as an aperitif and as a dessert wine.Desserts like cheeses, nuts, creamy desserts, chocolate,fruits torts go well with the fortified wines.

Different varieties of fortified wines are:

Madeira wine Marsala wine Port wine Sherry Vermouth Vins doux naturels Low-end fortified wines

Table WInes
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Wines that have a very low volume of alcohol content is said to be table wine. Generally to the wineterminology the table wine can take two different meanings one can be the wine style and the other is thequality level.Table wines are generally served along with food hence they get the name table wine. Table wines are themost famous and only wine that is found in the dinner table all over the world.

Table wines are generally pretty and are within your means. It is easily reachable if your are at the right ageto purchase alcohol.Different regions have different designs towards the table wine.United States design table wine as an ordinary wine that isneither a fortified wine not a sparkling wine.

The European wine regulations view table wine as lowerquality categories.Popular table wines are:

Cabernet Sauvignon Merlot Chardonnay Adams Apple Muscat Port Pinot Noir Kaskaskia Concord Double Decker Red Elderberry

How does wine get its color?

The most recognizable wine characteristic is the wine color. Wine color is also an element that affects thewine tasting since many heavy wines mostly have deeper color. Tastevin a shallow cup is an accessory that isused to judge the color of thewine. To test the color of the wine just pour the wine in the cup and can beexamined under the dim light of a cellar. Wine color is also an important element in the classification ofwine.The color of the wine mainly depends on the grape variety. This is because the color pigments are present inthe grape of the skin and not in the juice. The color also depends on the vinification method and the amountof time during which the skin is allowed to have contact with the grape juice. The process of allowing thegrape skin to have contact with the grape juice is called as maceration.Australian Rubired is a good example of mixing more varieties of grapes to get the required color.Red grape juice can also get the white color if they are quickly pressed and the grape juice is not allowed tohave contact with the skin. The color also depends on the acid presence in the wine. The color of the wine isaltered when the wine is allowed to aged. During the aging process due to different reaction between themolecules there rises a browning effect in the wine which turns the wine from red color to more tawny color.Wine color is also affected by the wooden barrel that is used for aging process.

The stability of the wine color is increased by the presence of complex mixtures like anthocyanins withprocyanidins.
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Main colors of wine are:

RedWhite (light colored wine)

Rose (pinkish in color)Yellow (or straw colorOrange wine (white wine which has some time in contact with the skin)

Others:

Burgundy (color), a shade of purplish redSangria (color), a color that resembles Sangra wine

Wine calories

Wine calories can make a difference in weight though it's in self-control or in large quantity. Drinking a fewservings of wine daily, give you an increase in your pounds. So it is very important to note for the caloriesconsumed by you whenever you take a glass of wine. The alcoholic content in wine varies from 10% to 14%.The calories will be in a high quantity, if the alcohol content is high.Depending on the company and the type of wine, the calories present in the wine vary accordingly. But on anaverage 100 calories is present in per four ounce of glass. Calories present in the red wine are more than thewhite wine.The number of wine calories in an average glass is about 80%; the term "glass" is comparable to 4 ounces

and not 7-11 big gulps. Calories are present in alcohol and nearly 15% of alcohol is present in the wine. 85calories are present in the 100g of wine with 12.2 alcohol content and 135 calories are present in 100g winewith 18.8 alcohol content. Wine contains more energy if it has more alcohol content. Sugar content in wineplays a very important role as alcohol. If the wine has high sugar content, more calories will present in it.In advance of burning fat, the calories in the wine are first digested by the body. In the body alcohol is firstoxidized to replace some carbohydrates and fats.Especially people who are trying to loss weight face a lot of problem while taking alcohol, though they feel itrelaxes them. To maintain that happy feeling they tend to drink more. This dehydrates your body and gets ahangover or headache the next morning and it is a loss of water to the brain cells. Another disadvantage isthat drinking reduces your thinking ability to remember even you will not remember how much you aredrinking.

For good cardiovascular health a glass of wine per day is good. But every night drinking a bottle of wine ishighly dangerous. If you need to drink, avoid the high alcohol drinks and avoid alcohol if you're on diet.Approximately 13% alcohols represent the wine varieties listed below. About 750 Ml or 25.42 Oz of liquid ispresent in a bottle of wine. Approximately 525 calories will be present in a bottle at 20 calories per ounce.


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ITEM

REDWINE5 OZ

147.5g

WHITEWINE 5

OZ147.5g

REGULARBUD BEER

12 OZ356.4g

LIGHTBUDBEER12 OZ3354g

DISTILLED80

PROOF1.5OZ 42g

DISTILLED86 PROOF1.5 OZ 42g

DIETCOLA12 OZ415g

REGCOLA12 OZ368 g

Calories 106 100 146 99 97 105 8 136

Carbohydrates 2.51 1.18 13.20 4.60 0 0.00 1 35g

Water 130.54 132.16 328.96 337.01 27.97 26084 413 332g

Alcohol 13.70 13.70 12.80 11.30 14.00 15.10 0 0

The data in the above chart has been referred from the USDA website: nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/search/

Wine bottles

Bottles that are generally used to hold wines are called as wine bottles. In general all the wine glasses aremade of glass. Wine bottles are designed taking extra care since some wines are fermented in the bottle whileothers are bottled only after the fermentation. Wine bottles are available in different shapes, sizes, and color.The normal and standard size of a wine bottle is 75cL. All the wine bottles are sealed with a cork but now aday the screw top cap is becoming famous. And lot of methods isalso available to seal a bottle.

Shapes

France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, and Spain wine producers alwayschoose their wine bottle shape as per the tradition that is mostsuitable for the wine.

Bordeaux wine bottles will have a straight side with highshouldered and is well defined with a punt.

Burgundies and Rhone wine bottles are tall with slopingshoulders with smaller punt.

Port and sherry wine bottles have a bulbous neck with straight sided body. Wines like Rhine, Mosel, and Alsace are stored in tall and narrow bottle which has no or little punt. Champagne and sparkling wines are stored in a bottle that has thick wall with prominent punt and

sloping shoulder. Italian wines are stored in a bottle that looks like a round bottomed flask

Most of the Australasian, South African, and South American wine producers select the bottle shape that willbe well associated with their wines. And other produces select idiosyncratic bottles to market their wines.The home wine producers choose the wine bottle that does not affect the taste of the wine.

Colors
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All the types of wines have a certain color for their bottles. The traditional colors are:

Red Bordeaux - dark green Light Bordeaux - light green Sweet white Bordeaux - clear Mosel - dark to medium green Rhine - amber Alsace - dark to medium green / amber

Capsules

Most wine bottles are finished with a cork that act as a protective sleeve to the bottle and is called as acapsule. The capsules cover the top of the bottle. The capsules are made of lead to protect the cork frombeing gnawed by the rodents or infested with the cork weevil.Since the research said that lead contains traceable amount of toxins that would mix up with the wine it wasreplaced with the tin by 1990. Some times heat shrink plastic, aluminum sealing wax was also used. The

capsules can be omitted completely in the modern days since modern stoppers are used.

Punts

Punt is also known as kick up it refers to the dimple at the bottom of the bottle. There is not a valid reason forthis purpose. The most commonly heard explanations are as follows:This is a historical trace from the start of the era when the wine bottles were introduced.It was done to make the bottle less likely to tumble over the bottle.It collects most of the sediment deposits that are formed as a thick ring at the bottom of the glass and preventthem from entering into the glass when pouring the wine.Punt increases the strength of the wine bottle thus allowing it to hold high pressure in case of sparkling wine

and champagne.In the manufacturing plants the punts hole the bottles in its place through the filling process.Punts accommodates well in the pourers thumb helping him to pour the wine more easily and with morestability.


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Wine Glasses

Wine glasses are specially designed ones for drinking and tasting wines. It is a type of glass stemware. It isessential to select the right type of wine glass for different types ofwines. This is very important since the shape and color of the glasscan affect the taste of the wine.The wine glasses should be transparent and plain. The glass hasthree parts they are bowl, stem and foot. The wine glass should bemade of glass and crystal. The wine glass should be carefullydesigned taking the key aspects of the wine to the tongue and nose.Choosing the right kind of wine glass is also important and in thesame way holding the wine glass also is very important. The wineglass should be hold in the stem so that the temperature of the bodydoes not affect the flavor of the wine in the glass. Holding the wineby the bowl will leave your fingerprints which can affect the visualappearance of the wine if examined for clarity and color.

Wine glass materials

Wine glass are made up of cut, fused, blown, crystal and lead glasses. Though wine glasses can be made fromdifferent glass materials glasses prepared from lead crystals are the best because of its high refractive index.And in general wine glasses should be made from the crystal clear and frosted glasses. Mostly colored glassshould be avoided in preparing wine glasses since they might disturb seeing the wine color through the glass.Making wine glass with the lead crystals has many advantages. They are aesthetic have higher refractiveindex, change the effect of light passing to them, and they are also heavier.

Shapes

Wine glass shape is also an important factor that affects the flavor andtaste of the wine. The shape of the glass depends on the type of winethey are used for. The best shape of the wine directs the wine directlyto the best area in the mouth from the glass. In general the opening ofthe wine glass should not be wider than the widest part of the bowl.The shape of the bowl should be tulip in order to trap the aroma of thewine. The rim of the glass should be thin.

Sizes

The minimum size of the

wine should have the capacity to hold at least four ounces. But theall purpose glass must be able to hold twice the amount. But inrecent years the size of the wine glasses has increases to decreasethe no of servings but the extra space in the wine allows the airspace to trap the wine aroma.

Types of wine glasses

Like the shape and size of the glass the type of glass you arechoosing to serve the wine is very important. Each type of wine hasits ownwine glass in which it can be served. The different types of

wine glassesare used to taste the wine with its excellent and actualaroma and flavor.
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In general the wine glasses are classified into four types. They are:

White wine glasses- the glass should be shaped like a tulip Red wine glasses- the glass should be round with large bowl

Sparkling wine glasses- the glass should be tall and thin Dessert wine glasses- the glass should be smaller directing to the back of the mouth.

Besides these there are also other types of wine glasses in the modern world. They are:

Crystal wine glasses Stemless wine glasses Etched wine glasses.

More Wine Glasses

Other types of wine glasses

Besides these there are also other types of wine glasses in the modern world that are classified on the basis oftheir design. They are:

Crystal wine glasses Stemless wine glasses Etched wine glasses

Ice glasses

Crystal wine glass

Crystal wine glass is the commonly used wine glass and it has been in use for many years.These glasses are readily available in the market. And choosing the crystal wine glass doesnot require any importance in the maintenance and design of the class.

Etched wine glass

Etched wine glasses are intricately carved and come in different designs. The deep etchingof the glass gives the ideal characteristic of the wine.
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Stemless wine glass

As the name suggest stem that are present in the wine glasses are absent in this type. The

design of this glass is round and is shaped like a tumbler. The bottom of the stemlesswine glass is flat and is slightly thicker compared the other types of wine glasses.

Ice glass

Ice glass is a type of novel glass. The ice glass is made up of mold and is usually placed in adeep freezer. Ice glasses are mainly used to serve white wines and ice wines can also be served

in this to make them taste better.

Back

Wine equipment

Wine making is an interesting hobby and a charming business at any level. It is a fermentation process thatmanufactures alcoholic drinks. Now-a-days many enthusiastic people are interested in making wine as theirmain business. They produce high quality wines that are comparable to commercial ones. This process ispossible with the proper wine making kits.As a beginner in winemaking it is advisable to buy a winemaking starter kit that includes necessary

equipments with directions, ingredients and a recipe. The winemaking kit can range from $52 to $76depending on the wine you are going to prepare and whether it is a fruit or juice concentration.

The basic wine making equipments are listed below

Barrels & Spigots Carboy Accessories Crushers & Destemmers Fermentation Locks Fermentation Vessels Fermenter Tubs Filters & Pumps Presses
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Siphons & Tubing Small Misc. Equipment Stoppers & Bungs Storage / Fermenter Tanks Straining Bags Testing Equipment Thermometer Hydrometer Corker Corks Empty Bottles Bottle Cleaner

Winemaking equipments helps you to start you own winery. If that is the case you need a lot of wine makingsuppliers from tanks, fermenters, presses, bottles and corks. Develop a budget and get a good idea about it.Barrels and destemmers are the winery equipments that come to mind when you start think of the winery, but

bottlers, horse-connectors, tubs and trucks for the fields will not strike you immediately. Keep the followingpoint in your mind when you prepare a budget for the winery.

Pressing and bottling machinery which is commercial winery equipment. Wine making equipment which are used and small batch ordering. Setting a cost estimation budget considering the cost of the equipments. Search for the wholesale winemaking equipments. You can also think of leasing, or buying small or used equipments.

Winemaking equipments are divided into two types. They are standard and deluxe wine making kits. Basicmaterials needed to start the winemaking process are included in this.

Standard Winemaking Equipment Kit

To make six gallons of wine this package is recommended. It includes all the basic equipments.

The kit comprises of:

Gallon primary fermenter Gallon better bottle fermenter Stick on thermometer Carboy stopper Carboy brush Bottle fitter and racking tube Hose clamp and siphon hose Sanitizer Plastic spoon(23 inch) Wine hydrometer

Deluxe Winemaking Equipment Kit

Two packages are available in deluxe winemaking equipment kit. One package is used for making red winewhile the other is for white wine. It contains the primary equipments and a DVD video for instruction

process.The equipment for making the both red and white wines is the same except they differ in the products used


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for fermentation process.

The following components are available in the kit:

Primary gallon fermenter

Gallon bottle carboy Bottle filler Hose clamp and siphon Wine hydrometer Racing tube Carboy stopper and brush Clean sanitizer Plastic spoon Twin lever Italian corker Bag of 30 corks 750 ml wine clear bottles Stick on thermometer Kit containing juices, additives and yeast Wine bottle labels Heat shrink capsules

To make your own wine these equipments are necessary. These are smaller and are portable and reasonablycheap. Choosing winemaking equipment is easy and cost worthy than buying the materials individually. Tolearn winemaking on your own use of these kits is a cheap and risk worthy way.The fulfilling taste and creativity of wine is enjoyed when it is prepared at the home. Wine enthusiasts enjoyand share the complete and original flavor and recipes of wine with home making equipments.

Wine storage

The quality of wine can be affected if it is not stored properly. As time goes the wine changes its color, aromabecomes stronger and then flavor acquires its own character. If not stored properly the wine will not realizeits full potential, no matter how good or great its growing capability is. Some might think that cool spot in thegarage and basement is ideal for wine storage but only some of these places have the wine storage capacity.Temperature around 13 deg c or 55 deg F is suitable for wine storage. This temperature is enough to preventfrom temperature fluctuations and to keep the cork wet. 70% moisture is generally enough to keep the cork

wet. Wines should be kept in a place free from light and vibration.Wines prepared now-a-days are meant to be consumed with in a year of purchase. They are smooth and areready to drink as they reach their stable state. Today's wine is prepared for immediate consumption. Beforethe youth and freshness integral, most wines of the world are consumed when they are young.To attain their maturity better quality wines need 4 years of decaying period. But white wines within 2-3years from the date of vintage are at their best level. This is because white wines need no time for maturing.As soon as champagne is brought out of the cell it can be consumed. Long term or short term storage perioddepends on the type of wine you tend to store.This wine storage is categorized into two, they are Conditions that affect wine and Wine coolers.
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Conditions that affect wine storage

Wine storage is affected by many factors. Listed below are most important factors that affect thewine storage:

Temperature

To store the wine for a long period its temperature should be maintained properly. Wines storedfor a week or months can also be affected by the temperature under which it is stored.Wines are stored in the temperature between 45 - 60 F; while the optimal temperature range is50 to 55 F. wines are stored in caves where the underground temperature is 13C (55 F).

1. Blush, rose and dry white wines are best at 46 deg - 57 deg F.2. Sparkling wines and champagne are best at 43 deg - 47 deg F.3. Light red wine work well at 55F.4. Deep red wines serve well at a temperature between 59 deg - 66 deg F.

Vibration

Ensure that you store the wine bottle such that when you try to take a particular bottle you neednot move others. Wine should remain in the stored place until it is opened. Make sure that there isno incessant vibration from other machinery or heavy traffic. Since vibration can disturb thesymmetry and common growth of the wine. Storage locker should be built to allow proper airmovement and to reduce vibration. Anti-vibration mats can be used to prevent vibration. To makeproper air movement smart controllers can be used.

Humidity

Storage of wine becomes dangerous when appropriate humidity is used. The corks can dry out orcrack and allow more air to flow inside the bottle when the humidity is maintained as low aspossible. Molds will develop damaging the cork as well as the labels when the humidity ismaintained at the high level.For most wines the humidity is maintained at 70% which is enough to keep the cork in flexiblecondition without drying out and dwindling. The corks will lose their elasticity and allow the airto enter the bottle if the humidity is insufficient. Molds start to grow inside the cabinet and labelsget damage when the condition is too moist.

Darkness

Tannins in the wine are oxidized causing damage to the wine when UV rays reach them. Evendark colored bottles do not offer much shield from the UV rays. So, dark place is only suitable forwine storage. Incandescent or sodium vapor lamps can be used instead of fluorescent lighting.

Clean air

The environment that is free from smells and debris is essential for storing wine. To prevent frommildewed whiff good ventilation is needed. Wines get contaminated when unrelated smells enterthrough the cork. For the wines to mature, choose a proper wine rack which provides a cleanenvironment.

Angle of Storage


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To keep wine in contact with the cork at all times it should be place horizontally in the storageunit. When placed vertically, they develop deposits of sediment on the bottom.

Wine coolers

Wine coolers are used to store wine bottles and chill them to the right temperature. It is also called winerefrigerator. Regular refrigerator are suitable for storing wine. Since, it may be too cool or constant openingof the door cause a fluctuation in the wine temperature. Temperature that is essential for the integrity of thewine is maintained by the cooler. Along with the some refrigerator units the wine cabinets is fixed. Winecooler maintains a temperature of about 55 to 58 F and about 60-70% humidity. Some cooler allow you tomaintain different temperature for storing and chilling different varieties of wine. The wine lover can taste

the wine at its appropriate temperature, thereby enhancing its texture and flavor if it is placed in the winecooler.

The wine cooler is an equipment that may refer to:

1. Small table top used to chill a single bottle. These coolers are useful particularly in the warmerclimates to serve the wine at the right serving temperature. These coolers are suitable for white,rose and sparkling wines.

2. Large ones in the refrigerator style used to store dozens of bottles. This model is used by the peoplewho are accessible to the wine basement. These units allow the user to select the temperaturesuitable for the wine and even have options that manage two separate areas for different wines.

Thermostat controls some of these units.

Wine selection

Wines are available in different flavors, colors, levels of dryness and in different mixture. They are used forcooking and to improve the flavor of meal or certain dish. Sparkling wines are used in celebratory events.With wide variety of wine, selection o f the best wine is little daunting? Price, preference and pairing are theimportant points to be noted in wine selection. To gain a winning wines always keep this three "P"s in mindwhenever you visit your wine merchant.

Price

To select the right wine, the amount pay for it acts as a key determining factor. Those days are gone where agood bottle of wine is available from only $30. But in today's market the good variety are available from $15.So to experiment the wine you need not to waste a bundle of money. Plenty of suggestions can be given by adecent wine merchant in your stated price range.

Preference


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What will you be having along the wine or with whom you are sharing, will be your preference in case ofwine. So when you arrange for a happy get together hour, you should always prefer the safe red and whitewines. For people who are not able to cope up with the heavy bodied or hearties wines, buy them the softermerlot or pinot noir. To experiment a new variety of wine talk to your merchant about the great wines youhave tasted and ask for recommendations about the other variety. If you are a beginner then Riesling,

gewrztraminer or Muscat dessert wine are highly recommendable.

Pairing

If you're planned to share your dinner, then the key ingredients should be taken into account. Will there bered or white meat? What type of herbs you will be using? Will there be spicy or fruit filled dishes? Thesequestions play a key role in the selection of wine that you will pair with specific entrees. Lightly flavoredmeals will match well with white wines. Heavy meals are often complimented by both red and white wines.Pairing food and wine is 99% personal and 1% science.

Wine evaluation

How to evaluate a wine whether it is a special or ordinary wine? To the individual on the street it does notmean a matter, if the wine tastes good then it would be the special wine.But, the tasteful wine experts evaluate wine by their make, quality and vintage. The experts look in to thethree basic elements like appearance, aroma and taste. These basic gives some basic knowledge about theevaluation of wine.

Appearance

Color and quality are the important factors that help to evaluate the different types of wine. Fine wines havecertain properties that help the experts to evaluate the wine. On basis of color, the hue displayed by differenttypes of wine is noted down by the experts.The color depends on the variety of grapes and ripeness during harvest. Fermentation process also affects thecolor. The amount of oxygen that comes into contact during bottling also affects the wine color.Young white wines appear in pale straw yellow to a rich amber color. White wines have golden hue color.White wines darken in color as they age. If browning appears in young whites, it means that they have beenoxidized ahead of time which results in a poor quality. Red wines usually appear in the range of deep rubyred to a paler cherry color. More bright colored hue appears around the edges of the older red wines. As perred wines it should happen.

The experts hold a half-full glass of wine against a white background for evaluation. They observe the clarityand color of the wine. The color should appear brilliant and rich than cloudy for finest wine, with appropriatecolor for its age and type.

Aroma

In finer quality wine evaluation smell plays a big factor. The wine smell usually attracts the drinker firstbefore the taste. Wine smell helps the expert to judge the wine in a better way than their taste. To let theunstable essences to escape, the experts swirl the wine in a glass and evaluate it.Since the wine smell takes the smell of the fruits, spices, herbs and other substances, it helps a lot to test thequality of wine. That's why the characteristic pleasant smell of a wine is usually associated with the smell of

fruit, herb, spices, etc, in order to provide identifiable comparisons.


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Taste

The properties that are not provided by the appearance and smell are evaluated with the help of the taste.Qualities that make up the overall personality of the wine such as acidity, tartness, sweetness etc, are

evaluated through taste.The balance that each wine imparts is the key factor that experts look for when it comes to taste. The expertscheck this by taking a sip of the wine and moving it back and forth inside the mouth before swallowing,giving the first idea of the wine taste.

Wine serving temperature

An old proverb says that white wine should be served chilled and red wines at room temperature. This mightmake sense but it should not be necessarily true. The temperature at which the wine is served affects the tasteand flavor of the wines.The wine is more enjoyable and tasty if it is served at a right temperature. Wine served at the appropriatetemperature brings out the flavor, structure, and aroma.

Wine serving temperature differs from each wine by the type and theircharacteristic. Especially the body of the wine is affected when the wine isnot served at an appropriate temperature. Most of the wines are ruined whenthey are not served at an appropriate temperature.

Wines that are served too chill easily get warmed but a wine served too warmfinds difficult in cooling quickly. So when you plan to serve wine by chillingit serve it little colder then you necessary. And wines that are served toowarm tastes alcoholic and will not give a pleasure to drink.

Basic Temperatures

The basic temperature for serving the different types of wine are:

Red wines - 55F to 63F Lesser bodied red wines and full bodied white wines - 46F to 55F

White wines that are less complex - 43F to 50F Ice and champagne wines - 43F to 46F

Here is the basic wine serving temperature chart for all types of wines:

Refrigerator temperature 35F

Dessert wines 43F

Chardonnay, Viognier 50F

Riesling 46F
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Beaujolais, Madeira 55F

Sauterne, Rose 46F

Chianti, Zinfandel 59F

Champagne 46F

Room Temperature 70F

Now let's see in detail the wine serving temperature and their effects on various types of wines:

Red wine serving temperature White wine serving temperature Sparkling wine serving temperature Dessert and fortified wine serving temperature

Wine tasting skill

Taste as much wine as possible on a regular basis to improve your wine tasting ability. The heightenedsensory awareness of wine is highly personal. Factors such as wine temperature, ambient temperature,psychological and physical states contribute to wine's taste.

The following characteristic are generally evaluated during wine tasting:

Color

The color of the wine gives the indication of age and maturity ofwine. Young white wines appear pale in color while golden orstraw color is found on older wines. Young red wine appear darkand opaque purple while red brick or amber hue is foundparticularly at the rim of the glass in case of older red wine.

Aroma

Distinct aroma is found in wine varieties. Different wines have different smell but the best one will have thecomplex collection. Tasting the wine should not be sniffed. The aroma tells the flavor of the wine which isone of the important aspects of tasting the wine. The deep and long inhale tells the taster of the wine about itsquality.

Taste

To judge the taste of the wine is to look at its structure: sugar, tannin, acid, alcohol content and concentration

of flavors. These attributes should balance each other except for wines that are designed to be out of balance.Barolo and Rutherlen Muscat are the two well known examples.
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Body

The viscosity, consistency, thickness and texture correspond to the term "body". The wine with thesecapacities has a higher alcohol or sugar content. Tannin also acts as a major component. The best way to

figure out the taste of wine is to think of milk. Wine is differentiated into light, medium and full-bodied.

Aftertaste

The impression made by the wine after you drink the wine is aftertaste or finish. This attribute reveals a lotabout the quality of the wine. The wine is said to be better if it has a longer finish. The hidden quality of thewine is revealed by the finish which is not even apparent on the nose.

Wine and food pairing

Pairing food with wine is an individual choice. The taste differs from one person to other. So thesolution for this problem lies in one's own hand. Each one must able to decide within themselveswhich combination of wine will taste good with the variety of dishes. But this might be problemwith wine drinkers who are just the beginners.Food and wine pairing is a vastly a personal and imprecise procedure. In this matter the oldproverb that is "primarily pair red wine with red meat and white wine with fish and poultry" willnot hold good at all. And that too with today's multinational and delicately flavored dishes and thecorresponding wide variety of dishes the proverb will not match significantly.

First select your wine favor. More vineyard tours and wine tasting will help you to taste morewine of different sort and also helps you to choose the wine of your flavor. Then begin the winepairing with the foods you like. Always pick a good wine you love and taste it with the food youenjoy the most you will not go wrong with the selection at all.A state of stability and synergy is attained when you pair food with your favorite wine. Make surethat the wine does not overwhelm the food and the food does not overwhelm the wine.Most wine drinkers taste different types of wines with food since the acids, sugars and tannins inthe wine mix/interact with the food and give a different taste of sensation.Wine drunk by itself tastes different than wine with food, because wine acts on food similar to theway a spice does. Acids, tannins, and sugars in the wine interact with the food to provide different

taste sensations.And the most important of all the things is that you do not have to stress about wine pairing withfood. The best pairing occurs when the good wine is paired with good food and good c ompany.

Below are some of the guidelines that can be used to find the best food pair for the wines.

1. If you are having wine in a party do not match them unless or necessarily you arerequested to do so.

2. If you are serving more that one wine for a meal then generally the lighter wines should beserved first before the full-bodied ones. And sweet wines should be served first before thedry wines if you are serving a sweet flavored dish in the meal.

3. Always lighter wines with light food and full bodied wines with heavy meals.4. You can easily pair wines with the full and more flavored dishes.


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5. Make sure that you do not pair dishes that are sweeter than the wines.A point to be noted is that the bitter flavored foods will increase the percentage of bitterness andtannic elements in the wine. The bitterness in the wine will be decreased by the sourness and saltin the foods.

How to open a wine bottle

It is important that one should know that how to open a bottle of wine without hurting your handwith the corkscrew or drowning anyone in the fluid.The first step in opening the wine bottle is to screw off the cap with the help of the corkscrew

then lobbing it to the trash. In case if you are fighting with cap or spigot then it means that youare opening a wine bottle. If you are going to remove the cork then it means that you are going tohandle the cork and the metal wrapping around it.In ancient times the metal wrapping was made with the lead. Once when they found that lead killman it has been switched to other alloys and now gasp and plastic are used.Whatever it may be you have to decapitate it. To decapitate it one can use a sharp knife or bottleopeners. The bottle openers used mainly to open a wine bottle is called as waiters pull. With thehelp of knife the metal can be sliced below the protrusion which is at the top of the bottle neck.After removing the metal make sure that there is no metal left at the lip of the bottle.This is very important since when the metal touches the metal when you are pouring the wine in aglass the combination of wine and metal will oxidize the fluid.

To remove the cork three major devices are used. The easiest is the winglever. The second one isthe Waiters pull. And the third one is the dishonest butler.

Misconceptions

Since there is not single media that educate the people about the wine and with the increased consumptionsome unusual folklore have crept in.

The following are some of the myths often said about the wine

Screw cap bottle wines are cheap Sugariness and fruitiness are the same. Because of sulfur content in red wines you get head ache. For aging people white wine is not suitable. The cheapest wine is the cooking wine.


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Wine And Your Heatlh

"A meal without wine is like a day without sunshine." - Anthelme Brillat-Savarin

"There are more old wine drinkers than old doctors." - German ProverbDrinking wine moderately that is having one or two glasses per day will actually do well for the healthaccording to the medical history. Generally wine has been recommended by the physicians to treat irondeficiency anemia. The conventional use of wine along with the meals offer many benefits like helping in thedigestion process, stimulating the nutrients take through the food and also reduce the risk of heart disease byreducing the level of cholesterol.Moderate drinking of wine also has the following benefits:

Lower the level of bad cholesterol Increase the level of good cholesterol Lower the blood pressure Increase in bone density

Risk of having kidney stone is reduced Enhances the memory power

Though drinking wine has the above mentioned benefits we are still hearing about its bad effects. Thenegative may lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer.There are few researchers who think that alcohol is a cleanser or a disinfectant for killing the disease causinggerms. Conversely do not be in an urgent to get any bottle of wine and expect to improve your health. Winediffers in their style and taste since they differ from region to region, grape variety and also in the productionmethod. In the same way wine also differ in their phenol types and concentration. Resveratrol is present morein young wines then in the aged wines and more in red wines then in white wines. So it is always better tochoose a young bottle of wine.

During the fermentation process the sugar in the grape juice is converted into ethanol or alcohol. Apart fromalcohol some other organic chemicals are got as a result of fermentation and these chemicals belong tophenol family. These are called as Flavonoids. These characteristic of the wine are responsible for the severalcharacteristics of wine.The studies are well restricted to the point that the improvement by drinking wine is seen only when thealcohol consumption is moderate. Drinking wine moderately is determined to be the intake of wine about 25grams of ethanol per day. This amount can be reached by drinking 1 or 2 drinks of 5 ounces of wine and beerand 1 ounces of liquor. The negative effects outweigh the positive effects when more of alcohol is consumed.

Here is how wine is good for health.

Good for the Heart

Building up of cholesterol in the arteries leads to the Coronary artery disease. The arteries are the main unitsthat supply blood to the heart. So when these arteries are blocked heart does not get enough oxygen whichresults in the pain.Many study suggest that moderate consume of red wine will prevent from heart attack for the peoples at theage of 30 to 50. It has also been said that red wine will prevent from the additional heart attacks if a personhad already suffered from one.The cholesterol that block the arteries are called the bad cholesterol. This bad cholesterol has been removedfrom the body by the high density lipo- proteins. So moderate consumption of wine produces a balance ofthese two. In addition wine has some anti coagulation effect which makes the blood clot to be rare.


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Wine and Digestion

Wine helps in the production of flow and gastric juice which improves the digestion process by breakingdown the food in the stomach quickly as well as effectively. For many after the age of 50 the body may not

be able to produce enough hydrochloric acid that aids in digestion. So doctors suggest a glass or two winesalong with their wine.

Wine Recipes

Wine recipes page allows you to make recipes with the use of your favorite wines. Here you will see a list ofwine recipes both added by us and submitted by our visitors. Enjoy them all.Click here to list the list of wine recipes in all-about-wine database.Wine RecipesYou are free to mail us, yourwine recipes. They are most valuable to us for our improvements. Please mailtoAll About Wine Recipes

Wine Recipes

Here is a list of wine recpies. Each one with different taste and smell. Enjoy all!

Chicken parched in wine Red wine Jelly Prunes in Red Wine Champagne Punch Wine Butter Sauce Wine Sauce Cherries in Red wine Apple Batorade Drink Strawberry Zin

Pineapple Cooler Funky Garlic Mulled Cider Chicken and Red Wine Sauce Baked Fish in Wine Sauce Wine-Oven Fried Fish
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Wine Producing Countries

In both the northern and southern hemisphere the grapes are mostly grown between the latitudes of 30th and50th degree. But some grapes grow beyond this latitude and minor amount of this grape is used to wine

preparation. France, Spain, Italy, United States, and Argentina are the five largest producers of wine in theworld in 2003.

The data is reported by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).

Wine production by country - 2007

Rank Country Production (tones)

1 Italy 8,519,418

2 France 6,500,000

3 China 6,250,000

4 United States 60,105,00

5 Spain 6,013,000

6 Argentina 2,900,000

7 Chile 2,350,00

8 South Africa 1,600,000

9 Australia 1,530,439

10 Brazil 1,341,806

11 Germany 1,300,000

12 Portugal 1,050,000

13 Greece 950,000

14 Romania 821,306

15 Moldova 598,000

16 Hungary 543,400

17 Ukraine 415,000

18 Austria 329,825

19 Russia 328,810

20 Bulgaria 200,000


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Wine Exporting Countries

The passionate that is just ruling the roost today is that the competition between the countries to see wholeads the world with the most prominent penchant and which wineries are leading their region. Possibly theonly way to examine this passionate is by country.The table below shows the worlds leading wine exporting countries and their market share in US dollars.

The data is reported by US department of agriculture.

Rank Country 1000 tones Market share (% of value in US $)

1 Italy 1,793 18.0%

2 France 1,462 34.9%

3 Spain 1,337 8.7%

4 Australia 762 9.3%

5 Chile 472 4.3%

6 United States 369 3.6%

7 Germany 316 3.5%

8 Argentina 302 2%

9 Portugal 286 3.0%

10 South Africa 272 2.4%

Wine glossary --> A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Aftertaste

This is wine tasting term. Aftertaste is left on the palate after the wine is finished.Acidity

Acidity gives the wine its body and structure. Adequate acidity gives the wine a energyand juiciness. Acidity is important for the aging of wines.
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Alcohol

Alcohol is the product of sugar when it is fermented by yeast. Alcohol content in thewine gives the wine a body and texture.

Aroma

Aroma refers to the smell of the grapes as well as the wine.Aeration

Aeration is the process of addition of calculated amount of oxygen to the wine to roundand soften it.

Aging

The process of making the wine to attain its desirable state by storing it in barrels,tanks and bottles.

Alcoholic

If the wine contains a high alcohol then it is said to be alcoholic. This might causeburning sensation and is often called as hot.


Bacteria

A bacterium is an individual one cell organism used in combination along with yeastand molds to ferment the wines.

Barbera

A red grape grown in the Piedmont region.Barrel

Barrel is vessel used for wine making and fermentation. Barrels are made up of usingany one of the following cement, plastic, stainless steel and oak.Barrel fermentation

Barrel fermentation is the process of fermenting wine in a casks or wood vats usuallymade of oak. This is done to make the wine to get a smoky aroma.

Balance

Balance is a wine tasting term. A wine is said to be balanced if it has a pleasantsounding combination of tannin, acidity, texture and flavor.

Basement

Basement is the lowest habitat of a building that is below the ground level and is usedas a wine cellar.

Beef

The flesh of the steer, bull, ox and cow is called beef.Berries

Like grape, berries are fleshy fruit with soft wall and thin skin.Bitter

Bitter is a wine tasting term. It is a sensation got after a few sips of the wine. It isusually hard to experience this bitter feeling.

Blanc

Early declaration of France.Bliss

Bliss means an extreme happiness, delight and joy enjoyed while sipping a glass ofwine. Black grapes.

Grapes with blue or reddish skin pigmentation are called black grapes. Black grapesare used for making red wines.
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Black berry

Blackberry is a cumulative fruit from a bramble bush, genus rubus and belongs to thefamily Rosaceae.

Bordeaux

France important wine region. The red wines from this region are Cabernet Sauvignon,

Cabernet Franc and Merlot. The white wines are Sauvignon Blanc and Semillon.BottleA bottle is a small can or container that is used to store wine. The neck of the bottle isnarrower than the body. The bottles are made up of glass since they are nonporous,strong and pleasing.

Body

Body refers to the weight and texture of the wine. The body can be a light bodied, fullbodied and medium bodied.

Botrytis

Botrytis is a fungus that causes grapes to shrink and to become very concentrated. It isalso called "noble rot"

Brandy

Brandy is an alcoholic liquid obtained from by the refinement of wine.Brunello

Brunello is a type of wine that is made from sangiovese grape. They acquire theintense, character through the extended aging in oak barrel and this requires manyyears.

Browning

As red wine age the color of the wine change from ruby purple to dark, medium rubyor ruby with an amber edge or with a brown edge this is known as browning. When awine is said to be browning then the wine is fully matured and nothing else can be doneto make it better.

Buttery

Buttery is a small storeroom for storing foods and wines


Cabernet Franc

Cabernet grapes which are thinner skin and have the early ripening capacity are used to

produce wine that are called cabernet franc. Cabernet franc has lower acidity comparedto cabernet sauvignon.Cabernet Sauvignon

This is one of the worlds most recognized grape that has sufficient tannins for makingwines that needs to be aged. These grapes are grown in all the major wine producingcountries.

Cabinet wine

Cabinet wine is a white wine type that is dry. This wine is produced from the fullymatured grapes without the addition of extra sugar.

Calories

Wines get their calories from the alcohol content. A single glass of wine contains about100-110 calories.

CarbohydratesCarbohydrates enclose carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and also include sugar and
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