alfa presentation final
TRANSCRIPT
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Precision Ag
Team
Precision Agriculture
GPS/GIS Applications for FarmingSystems
Alabama Farmers Federation
2009 Commodity Organizational Meeting
February 5, 2009
Ms. Shannon Norwood and Dr. John FultonAlabama Cooperative Extension System / Auburn University
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Precision Ag
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Topics
Overview of PA
Guidance Systems
Variable-Rate Technology
Auto-Swath
Final Thoughts
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Precision Ag
Team
Topics
Overview of PA
Guidance Systems
Variable-Rate Technology
Auto-Swath
Final Thoughts
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Precision Ag
Team
Two Main Ways of Saving and Making Money
Growers and Agronomist across the south are
focusing on two money maker musts for 2009. The
first is to soil test and only use the precise amountsof fertilizer that your crops require. The second is
planting only the best variety for your farm of each
crop you plant.
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Precision Ag
Team
History of Precision Ag
Data Collection Steering Control &VRA
Implement Control
Courtesy of Darr 19971992 2002 2007
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Precision Ag
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PA - Adoption RatesComponent
2007 2003 1999
Yield Monitor 31.7 11.6 6.0
Precision Guidance (light-bar or auto pilot system) 31.6 5.2
Georeferenced grid soil sampling 26.5 15.3 8.1
Satellite GPS receiver 26.1 7.6 2.2
Boundary Mapping 23.6 9.8 4.3
Variable Rate Application of Lime 22.2 14.0 6.7
Variable Rate Application of Phosphorus 19.6 14.1 7.3Variable Rate Application of Potassium 19.5 13.4 7.3
Aerial or Satellite Field Photography 17.3 5.2 2.7
Variable Rate Application of Nitrogen 10.7 7.7 6.3
Variable Rate Seeding 8.1 4.2 3.4
Variable Rate Application of Herbicides 7.1 5.3 5.7
Georeferenced field scouting for insects, pests, or disease 6.6 4.9 2.0
Georeferenced field scouting for weeds 6.3 6.0 2.3
Variable Rate Application of other Nutrients 5.7 4.1 3.9
Variable Rate Application of Pesticides 4.8 2.8 2.9
Percent who have adopted one or more of above 54.2 31.8 23.6
Percent adopting
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Precision Ag
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Current PA Trends across US
Machine Control Autoguidance and Lightbars Auto-swath control
Strip tillage, fertilizing, and planting
Implement control on sloped fields Input Management
Precise fertilizer and pesticide application
Variable-rate seeding
Solutions for information management
Demand for high-level GPS accuracy (few inches)
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Precision Ag
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Payback for Precision Ag Systems
Cash Methods Reduced pass-to-pass overlap with guidance systems
decreases input use & field passes
Reducing headland overlap with automatic sectioncontrol reduces input use.
Improved crop yield response from accurate inputplacement (fertilizer rate, seeding rate, etc.)
Non-Cash Methods Reduced operator fatigue
Better data and decision management Identify yield limiting problems
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Precision Ag
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Field variability how can we manage it?
Specify management goals. Question: Can we meet the target goal?
Motivation0.00
127.05189.77
282.47
241.27
196.63
210.37
334.23 138.56
182.90169.17
248.13
261.87
147.97
140.64
95.64
0.00
206.93
96.69
144.83
151.11
303.07
143.78
146.93
255.00
131.23
105.07102.97
124.95
108.21
90.42
Prescription Map (kg/ha)
0
1 - 75
76 - 150
151 - 225
226 - 350
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Precision Ag
Team
Use precision ag to increase profits
Addressfield variability
so that your
PROFIT map reflects
a positive return!
Yield
Map
Yield
Map
PROFIT
MAP!
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Precision Ag
Team
Topics
Overview of PA
Guidance Systems
Variable-Rate Technology
Auto-Swath
Final Thoughts
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Precision Ag
Team
Guidance Usage Planting
Spraying
Spreader/applicators
Tillage
Harvesting
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Precision Ag
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Types of Guidance
2 Types of Systems:1. Lightbar or Parallel Tracking
Operator still drives machine
Lightbar provides feedback on properpositioning reference
2. Autoguidance or AutoSteer
Machine drives itself
Operator only turns machine around, thenlines up on next pass before engaging**
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Precision Ag
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Lightbars
Courtesy of John Deere, Mid-Tech, Raven, and Trimble
Simple Fairly precise
Reliable
Economical
Easy to move
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Precision Ag
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Terrain CompensationRoll Example
GPS Antenna
Roll Angle
Corrected position by TC
Position without TC
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Precision Ag
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Autosteering Technology
Electronic controls overridestandard steering valves.
Steering decisions are made via
initial driver input (AB line
establishment) and GPS positioninformation.
Electronic processor unit calculates
precise steering angle and passes
command along to the steering
valve.
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Precision Ag
Team
RTK Technology
Base station sends corrected GPS signal via radio or cell phone
to rover unit mounted on tractor
Base station corrects GPSsignal based on its known
locations.
correction signal
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Precision Ag
Team
CORS Set-up
Correctiondata is
placed on
the internet.
Phone/modemconnects to
internet to
receive
correction.
CORS Station
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Precision Ag
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Traditional Base vs. CORS
Traditional Base Station
6-8 mile radius
Line of sight
Have seen smaller radiusin AL due to terrain
Each brand typically hasits own base station
CORS
20 mile radius (approx.)
Cell phone coverage
required Compatability:
Ag Leader
AutoFarm
Leica Trimble
TopCon
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Precision Ag
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Cost of Accuracy
Guidance system
$2,995
Guidance + Assisted Steer
$6,500
RTK guidance + Base Station$45,000
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Precision Ag
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Implement Guidance
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Precision Ag
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Implement Guidance
Trimble Truetracker
AgGPS 252 and
NavController II mounted
on implement (in additionto on tractor)
Orthman Tracker IV,
actually assists in steering
the implement
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Precision Ag
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Implement Assist: iTec
John Deere product
Intelligent Total Equipment Control
Use with AutoTrac
Assists with:
Headland turns
Helps position machine for next pass
Raise/lower mounted implements
Engage/disengage PTO functions
Ground speed changes
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Precision Ag
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Harvest Guidance
AutoTrac Row Sense Combine
John Deere
Sensors in corn head communicate with AutoTrac
Allows for more precise steering, particularly in
poor conditions (weeds, down corn)
Allows combine to operate at
more consistent speed
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Precision Ag
Team
Topics
Overview of PA
Guidance Systems
Variable-Rate Technology
Auto-Swath
Final Thoughts
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Precision Ag
Team
Directed Soil Sampling
Grid
Typically 2.5 acres
Assess field variability
Minimum knowledge More samples = more $
Labor intensive
Zone
Approx. 10-20 acres
Time and knowledge
required to create More set-up time required
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Precision Ag
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Directed Soil Sampling
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Precision Ag
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What is VRT
VRT = Variable-Rate Technology
Any technology that enables the variable-rate
application of agricultural inputs,
OR
Technology which permits precise application
control of inputs
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Precision Ag
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Uses of VRTInputs
Nutrients / Fertilizer N, P, and K
Micronutrients
Pesticides Herbicides
Insecticides
Fungicides
Lime
Seeding
Tillage Irrigation
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Precision Ag
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VRT Implementation
1. Map-based prescription maps
2. Sensor-based
Real-time crop or field assessment controlling
input application
Further development in AL before adoption
3. Manual operator controlled
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Precision Ag
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Basics of How VRT Works
ApplicatorController
DGPS
Output
Map-Based System
Map
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Precision Ag
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VR Control System
Computer, Controller and Software
Hydraulic Valve and Motor
DGPS Receiver
Metering Device
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Precision Ag
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Sensor-Based VRA System
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Precision Ag
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Example Sensor-Based System
Images courtesy of NTech Inc.
Sensor
Spray Nozzle
Senses NDVI Plant Health
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Precision Ag
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Spinner-Disc Speed Control
Proportional (PWM) Valve
Manual Valve
RESULTS:
Spinner disc control improves materialdistribution by up to 17%.
Recommended for variable-rate application
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Precision Ag
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As-Applied Maps
ILLUSTRATES:
1. Field traverse
2. Actual rate applied
PROVIDES:
1. Electronic verification
2. Used of future analyses
and decisions.
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Precision Ag
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Benefits of VRTEconomics
Increased input efficiency - apply only what is needed
Could reduce overall amount of inputs used
Improved in-field equipment efficiency
Improved crop yields through optimal input useEnvironmental Stewardship
Minimize over-application of inputs thereby reducingthe risk of pesticide and fertilizer runoff or leaching
into water sources, Reduce application in environmentally sensitive areas
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Precision Ag
Team
Topics
Overview of PA
Guidance Systems
Variable-Rate Technology
Auto-Swath
Final Thoughts
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Precision Ag
Team
No Auto-Swath Control
Compromise not spraying vegetated waterway and cropland.
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Precision Ag
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Overlap Example w/out Auto-Swath
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Precision Ag
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What is Auto-Swath Control (ASC)?
4/13/2009 41
Auto-Boom
Auto-Nozzle
No Auto-Swath
Planter Auto-Swath
Sections or individual nozzles/rows are turnedON and OFF automatically
Reduces overlap areas on headlands and
application in unwanted areas (waterways etc.)
Required Components:
DGPS receiver
Controller with software capable of auto-swath
Appropriate control mechanism (valve, solenoid, etc.)
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Precision Ag
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Benefits of Auto-Swath
Improved application efficiency & accuracy Reduced overlap thus reducing overall input
costs
Improved environmental stewardship Reduced crop damage from over-application
Optimized operator efficiency
Reduce operator fatigue
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Precision Ag
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Nozzle Control
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Precision Ag
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Auto-Swath Study
2 to 10% input savings per pass across field AVG: 4.4 % MIN: 1.0 % MAX: 10.0 %
Savings depending upon shape and size of fields. GPS and correction impacts performance
Payback period: < 2 yrs
Increased field efficiency (additional savings)
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Precision Ag
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Overlap Reduction (%)
Technology becomes more precise (auto-nozzle /row control) oras equipment becomes larger.
4/13/2009 45
y = 0.001x + 0.029R = 0.893
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40
OverlapRe
duction
Planter S ize [Rows]
Increases when increasing control resolution:
(5 booms auto-nozzle)
Increases with the size of planter:
(8 24 rows)
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Precision Ag
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Cost Saving Results
Average savings of $4.83/ac(sprayer: 5 boom sections, planter: 12 rows, no precision N application)
Savings increase to an average of $8.36/ac if
ASC for N fertilizer
Highest savings in irrigated corn if precision N-
application implemented: ($11-13/ac)
Savings of up to $25/ac can be attained.
4/13/2009 46
d l
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Precision Ag
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Model to Estimate Savings
Section Control - 5
y = 0.039ln(x) - 0.141
R = 0.87
Nozzle Control
y = 0.054ln(x) - 0.203
R = 0.90
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
50 70 90 110 130 150 170 190 210 230 250
S
avings
Field Index
Section Control - 5
Nozzle Control
Development of a simple index:
1. Based on field geometry
2. Estimate overlap savings
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Precision Ag
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Concerns - Dynamic Response
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Precision Ag
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Topics
Overview of PAGuidance Systems
Variable-Rate Technology
Auto-Swath
Final Thoughts
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Precision Ag
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Autonomous Vehicles / Robots
Carnegie Mellon - DEMETER
Ag Ant
Deeres Concept Tractor
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Precision Ag
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Paradigm change
Man as a power source. Man in control of a power source.
Man removed from the control loop.
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Precision Ag
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Final Thoughts Guidance systems makes sense
Precision sampling is a start
VRTandAuto-Swath Technology
Development of PA extension material
Management tools and current information
www.aces.edu/timelyinfo
PA technology will be a tool to assist with
management especially in the future.
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Precision Ag
Team
Final Considerations Buy products that are compatible with multiple
operations
Understand the time requirement of precision agsystems and know when to outsource activities toconsultants
Develop long-term PA implementation plans to helpwith purchasing decisions
Talk to specialists to determine the level of GPS
accuracy required for your operation AL NRCS EQIP program
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Precision Ag
www.alabamaprecisionagonline.com
John [email protected]
334-844-3541
Shannon [email protected]
256-353-8702 x28