alcohol and illicit drugs in finland

Alcohol and illicit drugs & treatment in Finland

Airi Partanen

4.3.2016 1 Alcohol and illicit drugs in Finland / Airi Partanen

Concumption of various drugs

9.3.2016 Alcohol and illicit drugs in Finland / Airi Partanen 2

Total alcohol consumption (100 %:n alcohol) per inhabitant in 1960–2012, liters

19.12.2013 3

Lähde: THL, Alkoholijuomien kulutus. SVT; Valvira.

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2012

Litraa

Anniskelukulutus

Vähittäiskulutus

Tilastoimaton kulutus

Alcohol served

in restaurants

etc.

Retail sales

Undocumented

(home made,

private importing

etc)

Alcohol consumption by sex and age groups: mean annual level (100% alcohol, liters) (Source: Juomatapatutkimus 2008 & tilastoitu ja tilastoimaton kulutus. (Note: different alcohol consumption level axis for men and women)

1.3.2013 4

Men Women

Cannabis use (lifetime) by sex (%) Source: ESPAD 2011, THL


Drug use during lifetime

• Amphetamine 2,1 % → 6,4% 25–34 year olds

• Extasy (MDMA) 1,7 % → 5,9 % 25–34 year olds

• Cocaine 1,5 % → 4,3 % 25–34 year olds

• Opiates 1,0 % → 2,9 % 25–34 year olds

• Cannabis 17 % → 36 % 25–34 year olds

• To keep in mind: Those who have used drug during last year have also used alcohol excessively


Used some drug in last 12 months (15–24y, 25–34y) (%)

9.3.2016 7

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

1992 1996 1998 2002 2006 2010

Men 15-24 Women 15-24 Men 25-34 Women 25-34

Alcohol and illicit drugs in Finland / Airi Partanen

9.3.2016 9

26

29

31,5

34 35,5

37

39,5

42

30

24 24,5 25

22

19 18,5 18

29

11 9,5

8 8,5 9 8

7

4 4 4,5 5 5 5

7

9

7 7 5,5

4 4,5 5 5 5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

1996 1998 2002 2006 2010

”Risk is low if…” (%)

Uses cannabis 1-2 times Gets drunk at least once a week Smokes at least one pack in a day Smokes cannabis regularly Uses heroin 1-2 times


Various risks of various drugs and alcohol, see link MTV interactive grafics


http://www.mtv.fi/uutiset/rikos/artikkeli/interaktiviinen-grafiikka-nama-ovat-maailman-vaarallisimmat-huumeet-yllattava-aine-ykkosena/5580532

Alcohol related deaths 2000–2011

19.12.2013 11

0

500

1 000

1 500

2 000

2 500

3 000

3 500

2000 2005 2008 2009 2010 2011

Päihtyneenä väkivaltaankuolleet

Päihtyneenätapaturmaan kuolleet

Tapaturmaisetalkoholimyrkytykset

Peruskuolinsyyalkoholisairaus

Lähde: Kuolemansyyt. SVT. Tilastokeskus; THL.

Violence

Injuries

Accidents

Disease

Drug related deaths 2000–2010

9.3.2016 12

170 151 153 146

176 175 183

234 248

256

304

134

110 97 101 135 126 138

143 169 175 156

96

60 66 67 74 72 88 94

112 105

132

0

30

60

90

120

150

180

210

240

270

300

330

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010

Autopsy findings Cause of death register Drug poisonings


Treatment, rehabilitation and housing services


Different pathways to recover

Treatment is one pathway to recover, but the addicted person might also use different support in diiferent stage of recovery

• Spontanious recovery – without support of peer groups or professional help

• Peer support – such as AA, NA

• Professional treatment and rehabitation

Several serious attempts to stop drinking or using drugs might be needed – cycle of change


Cycle of change


Substance abuse and addiction problems

• Legal and illegal consumption of substances – Legal (over 18 years): alcohol

– Illegal: cannabis, opioids, amphetamines, cocaine, LSD, MDPV, ecstasy, khat, misused sedatives and tranquiliesers etc.

• Problems (see in English Addictionlink.fi – in Finnish Päihdelinkki.fi) – various health and social problems

– addiction (psychological, physical and social) varying from the type of subtance

• Treatment – self-help/care: social life, peer support (Alcoholics Anynymous AA,

Narcotics Anonymous NA, for friends and families Al-Anon), info and helplines (see above Addictionlink.fi/Päihdelinkki.fi)

– Early intervention in primary health care: for alcohol problems “brief intervention” FRAMES, instrument AUDIT

– Treatment: talking, medication, therapies • primary health care center, social services

• specialized services: e.g. A-clinics, detoxification units, institutional care and rehabilitation

• support that works for you

http://www.paihdelinkki.fi/en/info-bank

http://www.paihdelinkki.fi/fi

http://www.aa.fi/

http://nasuomi.org/cms/

http://www.al-anon.fi/



http://www.alcohollearningcentre.org.uk/alcoholeLearning/learning/IBA/Module4_v2/D/ALC_Session/300/tab_909.html

http://www.paihdelinkki.fi/en/tests/alcohol/alcohol-risks-audit

Alcohol – risk consumption and problems (Source: Koskinen ym. toim. / Terveys 2011, THL)

Risk drinking based on AUDIT-C questionnaire (%)

Alcohol use disorder within the last 12 months (%)

30-44y 45-54y 55-64y 65-74y 75+y All

Men 23,9 33,1 30,0 12,0 1,8 23,1

Women 15,5 18,9 10,9 4,1 0,6 11,8

9.3.2016 17

30-44y 45-54y 55-64y 65-74y 75+y All

Men 3,7 4,7 2,6 1,4 1,1 3,0

Women 2,1 0,8 0,9 0,2 0,0 0,9

Alcohol-related treatment in-patient episodes 1996–2012, main diagnoses

19.12.2013 18

Lähteet: Perusterveydenhuolto. THL; Erikoissairaanhoito. SVT. THL.

0

1 000

2 000

3 000

4 000

5 000

6 000

7 000

8 000

9 000

1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

Hoitojaksoa

Päihtymystila

Elimelliset aivo-oireyhtymät

Alkoholiriippuvuus

Maksasairaudet

Haimasairaudet

Muut

Alcohol

intoxication

Psycho-organic

syndrome caused

by alcohol

Alcohol

dependence

Liver diseases

caused by alcohol

Pancreatic diseases

caused by alcohol

Others

Treatment

episodes

Alcohol and drug treatment, rehabilitation and housing services 2000–2012, clients per year

9.3.2016 19

Lähde: Tilastokeskus; THL.

Asiakkaita vuoden aikana 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012

A-klinikat 42 115 42 775 44 160 43 560 42 779

Nuorisoasemat 5 601 5 939 5 627 5 514 5 664

Katkaisuhoitoasemat 10 136 9 641 11 298 11 681 11 855

Päihdehuollon

kuntoutuslaitokset 6 927 7 152 5 690 5 552 5 376

Ensisuojat 1 090 1 291 2 218 2 343 2 246

Päihdehuollon

asumispalveluyksiköt 3 833 3 809 4 325 4 145 4 162

A-clinics

Youth clinics

Housing services for alcohol

and drug users

Rehabilitation units (in-patient

Overnight shelters

De-toxification units (in-patient)


Clients per year

Patients in opioid substitution treatment in 2000-2011 (Huumetilanne Suomessa 2013)

21.1.2014 20

Alcohol and drug related visits at health care, social welfare services, addiction services (specialised treatment and rehabilitation for alcohol and drug abusers), housing services and other services in 2003, 2007, 2011 (n)

• Increasing number of alcohol and drug related visits within

– health care

– housing services

• Decreased number of alcohol and drug related visits within

– addiction treatment and rehabilitation units

9.3.2016 Kristiina Kuussaari 21

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000

Muut palvelut

Asumispalvelut

Päihdehuollon erityispalvelut

Sosiaalipalvelut

Terveydenhuolto

Number of alcohol and drug related visits / a day

2011

2007

2003

Health care Health care

Social services

Addiction treatment

Housing services

Other services

Low threshold service points (needle exchange services for drug users, NEPs) in Finland

2001 2005 2007 2009 2010 2011

NEPs 18 ~26 Over 30

Over 30

Over 30

Over 30

Visitors 8 400 11 800 12 600

13 291

14193

11432

Visits 44 500 80 500 90 000

79 735

83 450

84 586

Needles + syr.inges / a visiter

113 161 190

233

242

309

Exhanged N+S (m=million) 950 500 1,8 m 2,4 m

3,1 m

3,4 m

3,5 m

22 9.3.2016 Alcohol and illicit drugs in Finland / Airi Partanen

Thank you!

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alcohol and illicit drugs in finland

Health & Medicine