AlcoholBy: Darius Gaiter, Nasya Chaney, Taylor Robinson, and Beth Balog

Basic Structure

Primary

Secondary

Tertiary

Characteristics When alcohol is placed at normal

temperature it is often colorless and is either a solid or liquid substance.

Alcohol consists of both a polar and nonpolar group of –OH.

Classified with three different groups: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary as long as the “R” is attached to the structure

Nomenclature of alcohol Methanol (wood alcohol): its named when

you look at it as one carbon atom with –OH attached to it therefore its carbon methane, drop the e and add ol ending to indicate that its an alcohol.

H  | 

H-C-O-H|  H 

Continued ethanol (grain alcohol): its name is from the

name of ethane, you can look at the two-carbon-atom chain, the e at the end is replaced with –ol because of the alcohol functional group.

H H | |

H-C-C-OH| | H H 

Continued 2-propanol (isopropyl): 2- indicates a group

attached to the second carbon and the “propan” part tells you that the carbon chain is three carbon atoms long. And the –ol at the end tell you that its in the alcohol functional group.

H   H   H|   |   |H-C - C - C-H|   |   |H   OH  H

Mechanisms Reaction of acid chloride with alcohol to

make an ester

Mechanisms Reduction of ketones to secondary

alcohol Addition of lithium aluminum hydride to

ketones leads to formation of secondary alcohols(after addition of acid)

Mechanisms Reduction of aldehydes to primary

alcohols Addition of lithium aluminum hydride to

aldehydes leads to formation of primary alcohols(after addition of acid)

ExamplesSome examples of alcohol are: Propyl EthanolButanolEthylene GycolGlycerin

Real World ImportanceMethanol (Wood Alcohol)Used in motor fuel, is resistant to knocking and produces less carbon monoxide than gas.Used as starting material for many types of adhesives, fibers, and plastics.Highly toxic and can lead to blindness or death.

Real World ImportanceEthanol (Grain Alcohol)Used in the making of alcoholic beveragesCan be used in cars and is frequently mixed with gas to make gasohol.

Real World ImportanceIsopropyl alcohol (Rubbing alcohol)Used as a disinfectantExtremely flammable

Multiple Choice Questions

When Alcohol is placed at normal temperature what type of substance can it be?A. LiquidB. SolidC. Liquid and SolidD. None of the above

What is Ethanol used in?A. Rubbing AlcoholB. Adhesives, fibers, and plasticsC. Motor FuelD. Alcoholic Beverages

What is the name of Ethane AlcoholA. 2-ProponalB. MethaneC. MethanolD. Ethanol

Addition of lithium aluminum hydride to ketones leads to what?A. primary alcoholsB. secondary alcoholsC. AldehydesD. ester

Reaction of acid chloride with alcohol makes what? A. AldehydeB. EsterC. KetonesD. lithium aluminum

Works Cited www.organic-chemistry-tutor.com/alcohols www.chemistry-drills.com/functional-groups.php?

q=simple www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topis/13366/alcohol www.chemcases.com/alcohol/alc-02.htm www.cliffnotes.com/study-guide/Alcohols.topicArticleID-

23297.articleID-23270.htm www.dow.com/productsafey/finder/nbut.htm http://dl.clackamas.cc.or.us/ch106-03/nomencla.htm www.Masterorganicchemistry.com http://www.idsketching.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/03/rubbingalcohol.jpg

http://0.tqn.com/d/chemistry/1/0/B/e/methanol.jpg