alcatel microwave link presentation
DESCRIPTION
Alcatel Microwave Link PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Microwave TransmissionMicrowave Range Microwave range starts from .3Ghz to 300Ghz
MOST PRACTICAL RANGE FROM 1 GHz TO 100 GHz
ALCATEL MW RANGE 7-8-13-15-18-23-25-28-38 GHz
ADVANTAGES OF MW
1. 1- COST EFFECTIVE.
2. 2- SINGLE POINT MAINTENANCE.
3. 3- QUICK DEPLOYMENT ACROSS RIVERS AND MOUNTAINS.
TYPES OF LINKS
TYPES OF THE LINKS ACCORDING TO CAPACITY
PDH PHYLESIOCHRONOUS DIGITAL HIRARCHY
4E1,16E1,64E1
Alcatel PDH(CM-PAK PROJECT).
4E1,8E1,16E1,32E1.
SDH SYHCRONOUS DIGITAL HIRARCHY
STM-1,STM-4,STM16,STM-64.
PRACTICALLY (Pakistan) USED STM-1 & XPIC(2STM-1)
PDH
▼ AUDIO FREQUENCY =3.4 Khz INTELIGIBILITY NOT DISTURBED
▼ SAMPLING RATE = 8Khz sample/sec TO AVOID ALISING
▼ BITS PER SAMPLE = 8 bits/sample ENOUGH QUANTIZATION LEVEL TO DESCRIBE THE SIGNAL
▼ DATA RATE = (8bits/sample )(8khz samples/sec)= 64kbps
▼ E0 = 64kbps
▼ E1 = (32 )(64Kbps) = 2.048 Mbps (32 CHANNELS, FIRST USED FOR SYNCHRONISATION & 16TH
SIGNALING)
▼ E2 = (4)*E1 = 4 (2.048) = 8.448 Mbps
▼ E3 = (4)*E2 = 4(8.448) = 34.36 Mbps
▼ E4 = (4)*E3 = 4( 34.36) = 139.264 Mbps.
SDH
DATA RATE EQUILENT PDH
STM-1 155.52 Mbps 63E1
STM-4 4*155.52 = 622.08 Mbps 252E1
STM-16 4*622.08 = 2.488 Gbps 1008E1
STM-64 4*2.488 = 9.953 Gbps 4032E1
TYPES OF LINKS
▼ 1.2 TYPES OF THE LINKS ACCORDING TO CONFIGURATION
1+0 1+1
1+1 HST (EQUIPMENT PROTECTION)
1+1 SD (EQUIPMENT + PATH PROTECTION +BEST METHOD TO MINIMIZE MULTIPATH
INTERFERENCE.)
1+1 FD (CHANNEL PROTECTION)
TWIN PATH (NODAL SOLUTION)
LINK BUDGET
■ IF filter loss■ RF filter loss
MW DISH GAINS
■ DISH GAIN DEPENDS UPON FREQUENCY AND SIZE AND DISH TYPE
RADIO MODEL
OUT PUT POWER
▼ THE KEY IS SYSTEM GAIN
EMISSION DESIGNATAR
EMISSION DESIGNATAR
▼ Emission designator
FREQUENCY CHANNELS
SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS 4E1
▼
FREQUENCY
SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS 16E1
▼
FREQUENCY
CAPACITY, MODULATION & BAND WIDTH
▼ AS THE CAPACITY INCREASES WE HAVE TO INCREASE BANDWIDTH
OR MODULATION SCHEME,
▼ ITS DEPENDS UPON OUR CHOICE HOW TO SELECT BEST CHOICE.
MODULATION & BANDWIDTH
MODULATOR128QAM64QAM16QAM8PSK4PSK2PSK
F0 +10 +20 +30 +40 +50-10-20-30-40-50 FREQUENCY (MHz)
100MB/s
supposed that100Mb/s data is carried by different levelof the modulator
LINK BUDGET
EIRP ( EFFECTIVE ISOTROPIC RADIATED POWER)
EIRP IS ACTUAL RF POWER MEASURED AS MEASURED IN THE MAIN LOOB.
EIRP = 24 dbm – 1.7 dbm + 46.4 dbm = 68.70 dbm
RECEIVER SENSITIVITY (RX THRESHOLD)
IS THE WEAKEST RF SIGNAL THAT A RADIO NEEDS RECEIVE TO DEMODULATE & DECODE A PACKET
OF DATA WITHOUT ERRORS.
IT DEPENDS UPON BER THRESHOLD , FREQUENCY BAND , MODULATION SCHEME &. CAPACITY. IN
THIS LINK BUDGET IT IS -85dBm.
▼ THERMAL FADE MARGIN
(SYSTEM OPERATING MARGIN OR FADE MARGIN)
FADE MARGIN= RX SIGNAL – RECEIVER SENSITIVITY
= -28.35 dbm-(-85dbm) = 56.65 dbm.
LINK BUDGET
FREE SPACE LOSSThe Free Space Loss is predictable and given by the formula.
FSL = 92.4 + 20Log D + 20Log F
FSL = Free Space Loss (dB)
F = Frequency of transmission (GHz)
D = Distance between antennas (km).
FSL = 23.52 +24.30+ 92.4 = 140.29RX SIGNAL (dBm)
RX Signal = EIRP - FSL + RX Antenna Gain – Coax Cable Loss
RX Signal = 68.70dBm -140.29 + 46.4 dBi– 1.7dBm = -26.86dbm
BY INCLUDING REGIONAL EFFECTS (PATH DEPENDENT LOSSES)
RSL = -26.86 -1.46 = 28.32 dBm.
LINK BUDGET
What Is the Minimum SOM(FADE MARGIN) Needed?
Regarding the minimum SOM needed, there is no absolute answer to this question, but the
higher it is, the better.
Most agree that 20 dB or more is quite adequate. Some think as low as 14 dB is still
good.
POLARIZATION
ORIENTATION OF ELECTRIC COMPANENT OF EM WAVE WITH RESPECT TO GROUND
TYPES USED IN MW LINKS HORIZONTAL VERTICAL
CHOICE CRITERIA : VERTICAL POLARIZATION IS PREFFERED BECAUSE IT IS LESS PRONE TO
NOISE & FADING, BUT TO AVOID INTERFERENCE WE ALSO USE HORIZONTAL POLARIZATION.
IDU LEDs & FUNCTIONS
.
LED’s FUNCTIONS
ON GREEN WHEN POWERED ON
ODUW ( OUT DOOR UNIT WORKING)GREEN WHEN CARRYING TRAFFIC
RDI (REMOTE DEFECT INDICATION)RED WHEN THERE IS ANY MINOR OR MAJOR ALARM ON FAR END
LDI (LOCAL DEFECT INDICATION)RED WHEN THERE IS ANY MINOR OR MAJOR ALARM ON NEAR END
MIN (MINOR) RED MINOR ALARMS
MAJ (MAJOR) RED MAJOR ALARMS
LED’s FUNCTIONS
EOW (ENGINEERING ORDER WIRE)EOW IS COMMUNICATION PATH FOR VOICE OR DATA
THIS IS TRI STSTE LED
1- GREEN ENGINEERING ORDER WIRE FREE.
2- YELLOW ENGINEERING ORDER WIRE BUSY.
3- YELLOW BLINKING RECEVING A CALL
ATTD (ATTENDED)YELLOW IT IS ON WHEN ACKNOWLEDGEMENT BUTTON HAS BEEN
PUSHED
IDU
▼ MAIN IDU
IDU
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT (PUSH BUTTON)THIS PUSH BUTTON IS USED FOR CALL .IT TURNS OFF LEDs MAJ/MIN
AND TURN ON YELLOW LED.
LAMP TEST (PUSH BUTTON)IT IS USED TO VERIFY THAT LEDS ARE WORKING PROPERLY OR NOT.
RESET (PUSH BUTTON)IT IS USED FOR THE RESET .
IDUTPH ( TELEPHONE PORT RJ-11)EOW TELEPHONE RJ11 PORT.
OS (OPERATING SYSTEM)10/100 base-T RJ-45 PORT
ETHERNET CRAFT TERMIAL ACCESS.
TWO LEDs ON IT
1- GREEN ETHERNET LINK IS UP 2- ORANGE BLINKING TX OR RX ACTIVITY
IND (DEBUG) FOR FACTORY USE ONLY
OS & IND BOTH ARE 10/100 base-T INTERFACE(100MBPS OR 10MBPS OVER
TWISTED PAIR CABLE
ECT (EQUIPMENT CRAFT TEMINAL) RS-232 INTERFACE
9 PIN D TYPE FEMALE CONNECTOR
IDU
8E1/DS1 ( 37 PIN D-SUB FEMALE CONNECTOR)1-8E1/DS1 TRIBUTRIES ACCESS.
ESC (ENGINEERING SERVICE CHANNEL) 15 PIN FEMALE CONNECTOR
ALM (ALARM HOUSEKEEPING)
NMS-G703
USED TO ACCESS NE WITH ADJACENT NE.
NMS-V11USED TO ACCESS NE WITH ADJACENT NE.
SCSI (SMALL COMPUTER SERIAL INTERFACE) 1+1 INTERCONNECTION
IDU
POWER OPTIONS (3 PIN CONNECTOR)
THERE ARE THREE OPTIONS
1- 48 TO 60 VDC 20% (9.6)
2- 24 VDC 20% (4.8)
3- 48 TO 60 VDC 20% (9.6)
WHY WE USE NEGATIVE VOLTAGE ( e.g. -48VDC) ?
TO MINIMIZE THE INTERNAL NOISE
IN – VOLTAGE THE ELECTRON FLOW IS EQUIPMENT TO GROUND SO NOISE POSSIBILITY IS LESS
IN + VOLTAGE THE ELECTRON FLOW IS FROM GROUND TO EQUIPMENT SO NOISE POSSIBILITY
IS HIGH
COMMISSIONING
▼ STARTING THE CRAFT TERMINAL
SUPERVISION ---------> START
COMMISSIONING
▼ SHOW EQUIPMENT
COMMISSIONING
▼ USER NAME = initial▼ Password = initialing
commissioning
commissioning
POWER CONTROL METHODS
RTPC (RTPC STANDS FOR RADIO TRANSMITTING POWER CONTROL
ATPC (AUTOMATIC TRANSMITTING POWER CONTROL)
IN THIS CONFIGURATION WE SELECT THRESHOLD FOR THE POWER CONTROL
ATPC MIN POWER 4 dbm
ATPC MAX POWER 24dbm
RX THRESHOLD LEVEL -50 to-100 dbm
ATPC MAX VALUE DEPENDS UPON ACHIEVED RSL AND RX THRESHOLD LEVEL
MTPC (MANUAL TRANSMITTING POWER CONTROL)
IN THIS POWER CONTROL METHOD THE TRANSMITTING POWER IS SET BY DEFAULT TO
MAXIMUM VALUE,IF WE WANT TO REDUCE TX POWER WE HAVE TO INTRODUCE
ATTENEUATION IN IT.
ATPC SETTINGS
COMMISSIONING
SHIFTER & CF
SHIFTER & CENTRAL FREQUENCY(CF)
FOR EASY IDENTIFICATION 1&2 ARE CONSIDRED TO BE LOW AND 1P & 2P ARE HIGH
SHIFTER = HIGH FREQ – LOW FREQ
Unis of the above entries mhz
commissioning
STATUS CHECKING
RSL CHECKING
RSL CHECK
IF FREQUENCY
▼ IF FREQUENCY (INTERMEDIATE FREQUENCE)BAND SPECIFIC ( AM,FM, VESTEGIAL ,MW etc) &
EQUIPMENT SPECFIC (Alcatel, NEC, HARRIS etc)
TWO MAJOR CLASSESIF TX FREQUENCY = 340 Mhz
IF RX FREQUENCY = 140 Mhz
&
IF TX FREQUENCY = 850 Mhz
IF RX FREQUENCY = 450 Mhz
IF CABLE CHARACTERISTICS
IF TX FREQUENCY = 340 Mhz
IF RX FREQUENCY = 140 Mhz
CABLE IMPEDENCE = 50 Ohm
MAXIMUM LENGTH = 300m
TNC CONNCETORS ARE USED AT EACH END.
MW DISH PARTSREFLECTOR
CONVERGE THE INCOMMING WAVES TO FEED HORN & DIVERGE THE OUTGOING
WAVES TO REFLECTOR .
FEEDHORN
THIS IS FEED MECHANISM.
SHROUDER
ALLIGN THE MISS ALIGN WAVES TO MINIMISE DIFFEREACTION & REFLECTION TO
MINIMIZE THE INTEFERENCE.
RADOME
TO PROTECT THE REFLECTOR & FEED HORN AGAINST DUST, WATER etc.
ASSEMBLYTO ATTACHE THE DISH WITH POLE.
HOW TO UPGRAD FLASH CARD
Check the flash card version.
if the flash card is of version 2.0.2 or 2.0.3 then up gradation is required.
CD of the required version.
Insert the CD & make the path.
After up gradation activate the upgraded version.
HOW TO UPGRAD FLASH CARD
Abnormal Condition List
This option enables you to check if there is any loopback or TX Mute activation.
Abnormal Condition List
This option enables you to check if there is any loopback or TX Mute activation.
TX MUTE
This option helps you to avoid interference during Alignment of new link in the congested environment.
Also used during alignment of SD links and XPIC links.
EVENT LOG
Event log is very useful for the links which flactuates during night hours,at that time you are not
on the site and you want to know the reason of fluctuations .
EVENT LOG
EVENT LOG
Loop Back
RF LOOP BACK
▼ BY RF LOOP BACK YOU CAN CHECK YOUR HARDWARE (IDU,ODU,IF
CABLE,CONNECTORS),THAT THEY ARE WORKING PROPERLY
TRIBUTRY LOOP BACK
▼ BY TRIBUTRY LOOP BACK WE CAN PERFORM BIT ERROR RATE TEST .
SAVE CURRENT CONFIGURATION
MIB MANAGEMENT MIB INCLUDES ALL THE SYSTEM INFORMATION EXCEPT ROUTING CONFIGURATION
DATA,BECAUSE IT IS CONSIDERED TO BE UNIQUE FOR EACH LINK.
BACK UP 17
BY using this option we can save NE configuration on CT( craft terminal)
Write the suitable filename then click on confirm Backup to make the Back up on CT.
RESTORE & ACTIVATE
SELECT ONE OF THE BACK UP PRESS Confirm Restore
By pressing the Reset previous configuration will be cancelled & new is applied.
To activate new configuration click MIB Click activate
RESET BY SOFTWARE
YOU CAN RESET NE FROM THIS OPTION.
BIT ERROR RATE THRESHOLD
▼ BER = ERRORS/TOTAL NUMBER OF BITS
▼ EB (Error Block) A block in which one or more bits are in error.
▼ ES (Error Second) A second during which an error block (EB) occurs.
▼ SES (Severely Error Second) Any second which contains more than 30%
error Blocks.
▼ BBE (Background block error) An error block which is not part of SES.
▼ UAS (Unavailable seconds) Unavailable time begins after 10 consecutive SES.
PERFORMANCE
SES EXPLANATION
EQUIPMENT ALARM
Alarm Replaceable Unit Problem
Problem on a replaceable Unit Replace the Unit
Alarm Replaceable Unit Type MismatchMismatch between the installed unit and its software configuration
change the software according to unit specs or change the unit.
Alarm Internal communication problemconnection b/w odu & idu is lost
Alarm Version MismatchMismatch between the CT software version and the equipment software version.
Download the new software version.
RADIO ALARMCable LOSProblem on the IDU/ODU link cable or on the ODU itself.
Check the cable (disconnected, loose connection, cut, short circuited, defective connector etc…)
If the alarm remains, change the ODU.
Incompatible FrequencyFrequency configuration setting incompatible with the ODU specs
Adjust the frequency setting with the ODU frequency range or change the ODU.
Incompatible PTx
(ODU) Output power out of range
Tx fail
(ODU) Transmitter failure Replace the ODU
RADIO ALARMMod fail
(ODU) modulator failure Replace the ODU
Loss of frame & Rx fail(ODU) Loss of incoming frame at the antenna level.
Check the received level. Check the remote station Tx path first. Check the local station Rx
path. Check the antennas alignment & connection to ODU.
Replace defective hardware part if any.
High / Low BERHigh / Low Bit Error Rate at Rx side.
Check the received level. Check the remote transmit path and the local receive path (Soft configuration and
hardware.Investigate any frequency interference. Replace defective hardware part if any.