aklan - enutritionenutrition.fnri.dost.gov.ph/site/uploads/2018_enns... · 2019. 11. 25. ·...

AKLANDISSEMINATION FORUM

September 23, 2019, Marzan Hotel. Kalibo, Aklan

2018 Expanded National Nutrition Survey

METHODOLOGY

Features Description

Survey Design One shot (one year) every 5 years

Coverage 17 regions, 81 provinces

Level of DisaggregationNational, Regional,

Provincial for some indicators

Target Number of Households 60,000

Target PopulationHouseholds and all members of the sampled

households

Duration of Data Collection 6.5 Months (one shot) for the reference year

Old Survey Design of the NNS

Why did we change the design of the NNS?

Provide Province and HUC Level estimatesfor local planning of specific and sensitiveinterventions of our stakeholders

Provide reliable National Level Estimatesannually

Why did we change the design of the NNS?

Adoption of the new Master Sample of thePSA to provide reliable estimations at theProvince and HUC Levels

2013 Master Sample (PSA)

Sampling domains:81 provinces

33 HUCs

3 other areas

(Pateros, Isabela City, Cotabato City)

Sampling Design of the 2018 ENNS

2-Stage Cluster Sampling Design

1st Stage - PSUs

PSU size ranges from 100 to 400 households

z

2nd stage

Households from 16 replicates (1,536)

16 sample replicates are drawn from each domain

Icons used were retrieved from http://www.flaticon.com

PSA Board Resolution No. 06

Approving and Adopting the Survey Design of

the Expanded National Nutrition Survey

What is the Survey Design of the 2018 NNS?

ROLLING40 Provinces &HUCs for 2018 40 Provinces &HUCs for 201937 Provinces &HUCs for 20203YEARS

SURVEY for

Target coverage per sampling domain is 1,536 households

How did we select the provinces and HUCs to be includedin the 2018 ENNS?

Re

pli

ca

ted

Sa

mp

lin

gGrouping of provincesand HUCs with similarcharacteristics into

replicates

A replicate has at least 5

provinces and HUCs

2010 Census of Population and Housing

Formation of replicates

Test variables

Number of persons

Number of birth registered

Number of OFWs

Number of WRA

Number of infants

Number of children below 5

Number of disabled members

Provinces and HUCs covered in the 2018 ENNS

Cagayan Valley

Isabela

Nueva Vizcaya

Olongapo City

Zambales

Bulacan

Laguna

Camarines Norte

Sorsogon

Isabela City

Davao City

Davao Occidental

Sultan Kudarat

Oriental Mindoro

Baguio City

Mountain Province

Abra

Maguindanao

Butuan City

Quezon City

City of Manila

City of Caloocan

City of San Juan

City of Las Piñas

City of Makati

City of Mandaluyong

City of Taguig

Cagayan De Oro City

CamiguinZamboanga Del Norte

Mandaue City

Siquijor

Eastern Samar

Tacloban City

Western Samar

Northern Samar

Iloilo Province

Iloilo City

Aklan

Capiz

Individuals 196,332 159,926 81.5

Level Eligible Response Response

Rate (%)

Household 52,285 45,957 87.9

ProvinceHouseholds Individual

Eligible Response Response

Rate (%)

Eligible Response Response

Rate (%)

Aklan 1,428 1,383 96.8 5,240 4,309 82.2

2018 Expanded National Nutrition Survey

Sociodemographic and SocioeconomicProfiles of Households and ItsIndividual Members

Socioeconomic Status

• refers to the social standing or class of an individualor group. It is often measured as a combination ofeducation, income and occupation.

Adapted from APA’s Socioeconomic Status Office publications

https://www.apa.org/pi/ses/resources/publications

Operational Definition

Wealth Index

• The wealth index is a composite measure of ahousehold's cumulative living standard. The wealthindex is calculated by principal component analysisusing data on household’s ownership of selectedassets, materials used for housing construction andtypes of water access and sanitation facilities.

Wealth Index

• The wealth index categorizes the households into 5wealth quintiles, allowing us to assess how thecommon health and nutrition indicators differ betweenthe poor and non-poor households.

• For the provincial and HUCs estimates, wealth status isclassified as poor for the bottom 30% of the incomegroup and the non-poor for the upper 30%.

Operational DefinitionHighest Educational Attainment*• refers to the highest grade/year of formal schooling completed by each member of the

household and not the total years attended• Regrouped into:a) none - no grade completedb) elementary level - the stage of formal education concerned with providing the first six years of basic education.c) secondary level - the stage of formal education following the elementary level concerned primarily with

continuing basic education and expanding it to include the learning of employable gainful skills, usuallycorresponding to four years of high school

d) college level - the stage of formal education following the secondary level covering non-degree programs thathave varying duration for three months to three years, concerned primarily with developing strong andappropriately trained middle-level skilled manpower possessing capabilities supportive of nationaldevelopment.

e) others - Alternative Learning System, SPED , Arabic Schooling

* Phil. Standard Classification of Education (PSCEd)

Operational DefinitionOccupation

• The occupation of each individual members of the household, 10years old and above in the past 6 months

• 2012 Philippine Standard Occupational Codes (PSOC) is astatistical classification of the different occupationalgroups of the working population, including the militarywork force in the country

Sociodemographic Profile• Describes the population groups by:

a) age - refers to the exact age of each household member as of his/her last birthday

b) sex – categorized the household members of the households as males and females

c) civil status – or marital statusd) type of residence - urban-rural classification of PSA

Operational Definitions

Civil status - status of an individual in relation to marriage and classified as:

a) single - a person who has never been marriedb) married - a person who has been united in matrimony with another person of

opposite sex through a religious or civil rites. To be considered married, the coupleshould still be living together, or if living apart from each other, the separationmust only be temporary (e.g. working elsewhere, attending seminars, etc)

c) separated - a person whose partner has left permanently, with or without legal sanctions.

d) widowed - a person who has been married before, whether formally orconsensually but his/her partner has died and has not remarried at the time ofvisit.

e) common law/live-in – those who live together consensually with another ashusband or wife


Household

• an aggregate of persons, generally but not necessarily

bound by ties of kinship, who sleep in the same housing

unit and have a common arrangement for the

preparation and consumption of food.


Household head

• person who generally provides the chief source of income for the household unit

• adult person, male or female, who is responsible for the organization and care of the household or who is regarded as such by the members of the household

Profile of Households

Mean 4.1

More than 5

members21.6% 47.9% 52.1%

5 members

and below78.4%

Household Size Sex of Household Members

Male Female

Age groups n (%)

0-23 months 126 3.6

24-71 months 359 10.0

72-120 months 433 10.7

>10-19 years 867 18.6

20-59 years 1,926 45.3

60 years and over 598 11.9

n (%)

27 2.8

94 9.6

869 87.6

Population Groups

Women of Reproductive Age

Profile of Household Heads

77.2% 22.8% 3.27.7 9.9

16.4

62.7

0

20

40

60

80

100

Separated Single CommonLaw/Live-in

Widowed Married

Sex

Male Female

Civil Status

Occupation

Educational Attainment

1.3

35.543.5

19.6

0.20

10203040506070

No education Elementarylevel

At Least SecondaryLevel*

At Least CollegeLevel**

0.21.11.71.9

2.84.6

10.314.7

16.219.9

26.6

0 10 20 30 40 50

Special Occupations

Not classified elsewhere

Clerks

Professionals

Technicians and associate prof

Officials of the gov't, Corporate executives, managers, supervisors

Craft and related traders workers

Service Workers

Plant and machine operators

Laborers and unskilled workers

Farmers, Forestry workers, Fishermen

* including Post-Secondary Non-Tertiary and Short- Cycle Tertiary Education or Equivalent** including Master and Doctoral Level Education or Equivalent

FOOD SECURITY

“exists when all people, at all times,

have physical and economic access

to sufficient, safe and nutritious food

that meets their dietary needs and

food preferences for an active and

healthy life”.

(World Food Summit, 1996)

FOOD INSECURITY

“limited or uncertain availability of

nutritionally adequate and safe foods or

limited or uncertain ability to acquire

acceptable foods in socially acceptable

ways”

(Institute of Nutrition, 1990)

When recurrent

leads to hunger

and hunger

when prolonged

results to

malnutrition

Questionnaire

METHODOLOGY

nine-item questionnaire

based on the respondent’s perception over food

situations, resources or supply

self-reported experience in the past month

Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS)

HOUSEHOLD FOOD INSECURITY ACCESS SCALE (HFIAS)

Percentage of households by food security status: Philippines, 2015 vs. 2018

33.9

12.3

31.921.9

46.1

12.3

28.8

12.8

0

20

40

60

80

100

Food Secure Mildly FoodInsecure

Moderately FoodInsecure

Severely FoodInsecure

2015 2018

Percentage of food insecure households : 66.1% vs. 53.9%P

erc

en

tag

e

* *

* Significantly different at 5% level of significance

Percentage of households by food insecurity items: Philippines, 2018

Percentage of food insecure households = 53.9%

3.3

7.3

7.7

19.1

33.8

37.8

43.2

47.5

50.3

96.7

92.7

92.3

80.9

66.2

62.2

56.8

52.5

49.7

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Experienced going a whole day and night without eating

Experienced going to sleep hungry

Had no food of any kind in the household

Ate a fewer meals in a day

Ate a smaller meal

Ate food they really do not want to eat

Ate just a few kinds of food

Unable to eat preferred food

Worried about foodYes No

%

Percentage of households by food security status by wealth status, household size and sex of household head:

Philippines, 2018

46.1

18.0

84.1

49.6

37.944.3

51.853.9

82.0

15.9

50.4

62.155.7

48.2

0

20

40

60

80

100

PHILIPPINES Wealth Quintile(Bottom 20%)

Wealth Quintile(Upper 20%)

1-5 members More than 5members

Male Female

Food Secure Food Insecure

Pe

rce

nta

ge

Wealth Status Household Size Sex of Household Head

Nutritional Status of Filipino Preschool-Age Children

in Aklan

Prevalence of malnutrition among children under five (0-59 months) in the Philippines and Aklan: ENNS, 2018

19.3

29.8

7.7 5.3

0

10

20

30

40

Underweight Stunting Wasting Overweight-for-Height

Pre

vale

nce

(%

)

Aklan

19.1

30.3

5.6 4.0

0

10

20

30

40

Underweight Stunting Wasting Overweight-for-Height

Pre

vale

nce

(%

)

Philippines

90% CI Underweight Stunting Wasting Overweight-

for-Height

Lower

Limit17.7 28.2 5.2 3.6

Upper

Limit20.5 32.4 6.1 4.3

90% CI Underweight Stunting Wasting Overweight-

for-Height

Lower

Limit15.1 23.9 5.4 2.8

Upper

Limit23.6 35.7 9.9 7.8

Prevalence of malnutrition among children under five (0-59 months) by sex and wealth status: Aklan ENNS, 2018

19.3 17.521.6

25.2

14.5

0

10

20

30

40

50

All Male Female Poor Non-Poor

Pre

vale

nce

(%

)

Underweight

29.832.3

27.0

37.0

24.6

0

10

20

30

40

50


Pre

vale

nce

(%

)

Stunting

7.79.1

5.9

0

10

20

All Male Female

Pre

vale

nce

(%

)

Wasting

5.3 6.24.5

0

10

20

All Male Female

Pre

vale

nce

(%

)

Overweight-for-Height

Prevalence of malnutrition among children under five (0-59 months) by sex and wealth status: Aklan ENNS, 2018

in preschool-age children

Prevalence of anemia among preschool-age children 6 mos to 5 years old(6-71 months) in Aklan: ENNS, 2018

14.3

10.08.3

12.9

0

10

20

30

Philippines Aklan Male Female

Pre

vale

nce

(%

)

90% CI Philippines Aklan Male Female

Lower

Limit12.8 4.8 1.2 3.8

Upper

Limit15.9 15.1 15.4 21.9

PREVALENCE OF IDD AND VAD

• Urinary iodine excretion and the determination ofIDD is not covered among preschool-age children.

• Serum retinol and the determination of Vitamin Adeficiency (VAD) is in-progress.

Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices

Breastfeeding Practices

Proportion of infants 0-23 months old, by breastfeeding practices

69.2

54.9 50.6

33.1

0

20

40

60

80

100

Timelybreastfeeding

initiation

Exclusivebreastfeeding

Continuedbreastfeeding

at 1 year


at 2 years

Pro

po

rtio

ns

(%)

Philippines 85.5

39.1

62.4

16.9

0

20

40

60

80

100

Timelybreastfeeding

initiation

Exclusivebreastfeeding


at 1 year


at 2 years

Pro

po

rtio

ns

(%)

Aklan

90% CI

Lower

Limit65.2 51.2 45.4 29.3

Upper

Limit73.1 58.5 55.9 37.0

90% CI

Lower

Limit79.8 20.2 41.9 5.0

Upper

Limit91.2 58.1 82.9 28.9

**

Complementary Feeding

Practices

MINIMUM DIETARY DIVERSITY

Proportion of children 6-23 months of age

who receive foods from 4 or more food

groups (DDS > 4) of the following 7 food

groups:

Minimum Dietary

Diversity:

6. Vitamin A rich fruits &

vegetables

7. Other fruits & vegetables5. Eggs

1. Grains, roots and tubers

2. Dairy Products

3. Legumes and Nuts

4. Flesh Meat

Minimum Meal Frequency

Proportion of breastfed and non-breastfed

children 6-23 months who received solid,

semi-solid, or soft foods consumed at the

minimum number of times per day

Defined as:

2x for breastfed infants 6-8 months old

3x for breastfed children 9-23 months old

4x for non-breastfed children 6-23 months old

Minimum

Meal

Frequency:

Minimum Acceptable Diet

Proportion of children 6-23 months

meeting both the minimum dietary diversity

and the minimum meal frequency to

ensure both dietary and nutrient adequacy.

Minimum

Acceptable

Diet:

Proportion of children 6-23 months, by complementary feeding practices

15.0

81.9

11.0

0

20

40

60

80

100

Minimum DietaryDiversity

Minimum MealFrequency

MinimumAcceptable Diet

Pro

po

rtio

ns

(%)

Aklan

23.0

89.0

13.4

0

20

40

60

80

100

Minimum DietaryDiversity

Minimum MealFrequency

MinimumAcceptable Diet

Pro

po

rtio

ns

(%)

Philippines

90% CI

Lower Limit 21.1 87.6 12.4

Upper Limit 24.9 90.4 14.4

90% CI

Lower Limit 8.8 71.3 5.8

Upper Limit 21.2 92.5 16.2

Nutritional Status of Filipino School-Age Children

Prevalence of malnutrition among school-age children (5 to 10 years old) in the Philippines and Aklan: ENNS 2018

28.2 26.8

7.6 8.0

0

10

20

30

Pre

vale

nce

(%

)

Aklan

24.9 24.6

7.611.6

0

10

20

30

Underweight Stunting Wasting Overweight & Obese

Pre

vale

nce

(%

)

Philippines

90% CI Underweight Stunting Wasting Overweight & Obese

Lower

Limit23.1 22.8 7.2 10.4

Upper

Limit26.8 26.5 7.9 12.9

90% CI Underweight Stunting Wasting Overweight

& Obese

Lower

Limit25.7 22.2 5.5 5.5

Upper

Limit30.8 31.3 9.7 10.6

Prevalence of malnutrition among school-age children (5 to 10 years old) by sex and wealth status: Aklan ENNS, 2018

28.2 29.826.3

33.7

24.4

0

10

20

30

40

50


Pre

vale

nce

(%

)

Underweight

26.8 28.824.3

33.8

20.6

0

10

20

30

40

50


Pre

vale

nce

(%

)

Stunting

* *

7.6 6.98.5

7.09.6

0

10

20

30


Pre

vale

nce

(%

)

Wasting

8.0 8.5 7.8

3.0

11.2

0

10

20

30


Pre

vale

nce

(%

)

Overweight & Obesity

Prevalence of malnutrition among school-age children (5 to 10 years old) by sex and wealth status: Aklan ENNS, 2018

*

in school-age children

Prevalence of anemia among school-age children (6 to 12 years old) in Aklan: ENNS, 2018

13.5

24.022.5

24.7

0

10

20

30


Pre

vale

nce

(%

)

90%

CIPhilippines Aklan Male Female

Lower

Limit11.8 16.0 14.2 14.5

Upper

Limit15.2 32.0 30.8 34.9

*

Iodine Status among School-age children

in Aklan

11.5

18.316.8

17.8

0

10

20


Pe

rce

nta

ge(%

)

90%

CIPhilippines Aklan Male Female

Lower

Limit10.3 14.4 10.0 12.7

Upper

Limit12.7 22.2 23.6 22.9

180166

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Philippines Aklan

Me

dia

n

90% CI Philippines Aklan

Lower

Limit177.6 142.9

Upper

Limit183.2 188.8

*

⁰Iodine Intake

<100 μg/L – Insufficient

100-199 μg/L – Adequate

200-299 μg/L – More than Adequate

300 μg/L and up - Excessive

Median UIEº and Percent UIE below 50μg/L among school-age children (6 to 12 years old) in Aklan: ENNS, 2018

Nutritional Status of Filipino Adolescents

Nutritional Status of Adolescents, >10 to 19 years old: Philippines and Aklan, 2018

26.3

11.3 11.6

0

10

20

30

40

50

Stunting Wasting Overweightand obese

Pre

vale

nce

(%)

PHILIPPINESPHILIPPINES

90% CI

LL 24.7 10.5 10.7

UL 28.0 12.1 12.5

90% CI

LL 26.8 11.2 7.9

UL 34.7 15.2 10.9

30.7

13.29.4

0

10

20

30

40

50

Stunting Wasting Overweightand Obese

Pre

vale

nce

(%)

AKLAN

Prevalence of Stunting among Adolescents, >10 to 19 years old by sex and wealth status: Aklan, 2018

30.7 31.5 29.7

41.7

25.4

0

10

20

30

40

50

All Male Female Poor NonPoor

Pre

vale

nce

(%

)

*

Prevalence of Wasting among Adolescents, >10 to 19 years old by sex and wealth status: Aklan, 2018

13.216.4

10.0 11.714.3

0

10

20

30

40

50


Pre

vale

nce

(%

)

*

Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among Adolescents, >10 to 19 years old by sex and wealth status: Aklan, 2018

9.4 9.5 9.0

4.9

11.4

0

5

10

15

20


Pre

vale

nce

(%

)

*

OPERATIONAL DEFINITION PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

- Doing less than 60 minutes of moderate- tovigorous-intensity physical activity per day

Insufficiently Physically Active

Reference: World Health Organization (2015) Global Reference List of 100 Care Health Indicators. Geneva 27, Switzerland

Proportion of insufficiently physically active adolescents >10 to 19 years old: Philippines and Aklan, 2018

90% CI

LL 74.8 67.8

UL 77.7 75.2

76.3 71.5

0

20

40

60

80

100

Philippines Aklan

Pre

vale

nce

(%

)

Proportion of insufficiently physically active adolescents >10 to 19 years old by sex and wealth status: Aklan, 2018

71.5 67.675.2 75.1 70.7

0

20

40

60

80

100


Pre

vale

nce

(%

)

Smoking Status of Filipino Adolescents

– those who smoked during the survey either on a“daily” basis (at least one cigarette a day) or on aregular/occasional basis

OPERATIONAL

DEFINITION

SMOKING

CURRENT SMOKERS

• Occasional smokers are those who do not smokedaily but who smoke at least weekly and

• those who smoke less often than weekly

Reference: World Health Organization

Proportion of current smokers among adolescents, >10 to 19 years old: Philippines and Aklan, 2018

90% CI

LL 3.7 2.0

UL 4.4 4.3

4.03.2

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

Philippines Aklan

Pre

vale

nce

(%)

Proportion of current smokers among adolescents, >10 to 19 years old by sex and wealth status: Aklan, 2018

3.2

5.9

0.6

2.1

3.5

0

2

4

6

8

10


Pre

vale

nce

(%

)

*

Drinking Status of Filipino Adolescents

– those who consumed one or more drinks of any type ofalcohol in the year preceding the survey

OPERATIONAL

DEFINITION

DRINKING

CURRENT DRINKERS

Reference: World Health Organization

Proportion of current drinkers among adolescents, >10 to 19 years old: Philippines and Aklan, 2018

90% CI

LL 15.2 10.9

UL 18.4 14.7

16.812.8

0

10

20

30

40

50

Philippines Aklan

Pre

vale

nce

(%)

*

Prevalence of anemia among adolescents, >13 to 19 years old: Philippines and Aklan, 2018

90% CI

LL 7.4 6.5

UL 8.8 11.8

Significance Mild Mild

8.19.2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Philippines Aklan

Pre

vale

nce

(%

)

Prevalence of anemia among adolescents, >13 to 19 years old by sex: Aklan, 2018

9.2

5.6

12.7

0

5

10

15

20

All Male Female

Pre

vale

nce

(%

)

Nutrition Situation of Women of Reproductive Age in Aklan

AKLAN

Prevalence of chronic energy deficiency (CED), overweight and obesity among non- pregnant/non-lactating women of reproductive age, 15-49 years old, 2018

PHILIPPINES

7.8

35.3

01020304050

Pre

vale

nce

(%

)CED Overweight and Obese

90% CI CED Overweight and Obese*

Lower Limit 7.0 26.9

Upper Limit 10.9 32.3

90% CI CED Overweight and Obese



8.9

29.6

01020304050

Pre

vale

nce

(%

)

CED Overweight and Obese

Proportion of nutritionally-at-risk pregnant women: Philippines and Aklan, 2018

90% CI LL 17.5 15.7

UL 22.8 50.5

20.133.1

01020304050

Philippines AklanPro

po

rtio

n

(%)

AKLAN

Prevalence of chronic energy deficiency (CED), overweight and obesityamong lactating mothers, 2018

PHILIPPINES

11.0

28.5

01020304050

Pre

vale

nce

(%

)CED Overweight and Obese







8.322.1

01020304050

Pre

vale

nce

(%

)

CED Overweight and Obese

90% CI NPNL Lactating



90% CI NPNL Lactating

Lower Limit 7.5 4.6


11.6 11.014.4 10.3

01020304050

Philippines AklanPre

vale

nce

(%

)Non- Preg/Lact Lactating

Prevalence of anemia among lactating mothers and non-pregnant/non-lactating women of reproductive age, 15-49 years old:

Philippines and Aklan, 2018

ºMedian UIE and Percent UIE below 50ug/L among non- pregnant/non-lactating women of reproductive age, 15-49 years old: Philippines and Aklan, 2018

90%CI

LL 167.9 136.0

UL 172.1 158.4

90%CI

LL 10.7 11.6

UL 12.0 17.2

ºIodine Intake based on median UIE<100 ug/L – Insufficient100-199 ug/L – Adequate200-299 ug/L – More than Adequate300 ug/L and up - Excessive

170147

50

150

250

Philippines Aklan

Me

dia

n

11.3 14.4

01020304050

Philippines Aklan

Pe

rce

nta

ge

(%)

*

ºMedian UIE and Percent UIE below 50ug/L among lactating mothers of reproductive age, 15-49 years old: Philippines and Aklan, 2018

90%CI

LL 98.5 74.1

UL 106.5 115.4

90%CI

LL 19.7 4.6

UL 22.8 33.7

103 95

50

150

250

Philippines Aklan

Me

dia

n

21.2 19.2

01020304050

Philippines Aklan

Pe

rce

nta

ge

(%)

ºIodine Intake based on median UIE<100 ug/L – Insufficient100-199 ug/L – Adequate200-299 ug/L – More than Adequate300 ug/L and up - Excessive

Health and Nutritional Status ofFilipino Adults

Aklan

Trends in the Prevalence of Chronic Energy Deficiency

and Overweight and Obesity among Adults,

20 years old and above: Philippines, 1993-2018

13.9 13.2 12.3 11.6 10.0 10.0 10.38.0

16.620.2

24.026.6

28.431.1 31.1

37.2

0

10

20

30

40

50

Pre

vale

nce (

%)

Based on the WHO Body Mass Index (BMI) cut-off points

Nutritional Status° of ADULTS, 20-59 years old:

Philippines, 2015 and 2018

9.0

24.7

7.26.9

28.8

9.6

0

10

20

30

40

50

Chronic EnergyDeficient

Overweight Obese

Pre

vale

nce (

%)

2015 2018

***

* significantly different at 5% level of significance

° Based on the WHO Body Mass Index (BMI) cut-off points

Nutritional Status of Adults, 20 to 59 years old:


6.9

28.8

9.6

0

10

20

30

40

50


Overweight Obese

Pre

vale

nce

(%)

PHILIPPINES

7.5

25.5

6.3

0

10

20

30

40

50


Overweight Obese

Pre

vale

nce

(%)

AKLAN

90%

CI

LL 6.6 28.4 9.3

UL 7.1 29.2 9.9

90%

CI

LL 6.6 22.8 5.3

UL 8.4 28.1 7.2

**


7.5

14.0

3.2

5.66.7

0

5

10

15

20

ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y

Pre

vale

nce (

%)

6.78.0

0

5

10

15

20

Male Female

Chronic Energy Deficiency among Adults, 20-59 years old,

by age group, sex, and wealth status: Aklan, 2018

8.97.0

0

5

10

15

20

25

Poor Non-Poor

25.5

18.2

28.2 27.7 27.9

0

10

20

30

40

50

ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y

Pre

vale

nce (

%)

25.2 25.8

0

10

20

30

40

50

Male Female

Overweight among Adults, 20-59 years old, by age group, sex, and

wealth status: Aklan, 2018

18.2

28.4

0

10

20

30

40

50

Poor Non-Poor** significantly different at 10% level of significance

6.33.7

7.4 8.85.3

0

10

20

30

40

50

ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y

Pre

vale

nce (

%)

3.0

9.7

0

10

20

30

40

50

Male Female

Obesity among Adults, 20-59 years old, by age group, sex, and

wealth status: Aklan, 2018

4.9 6.6

0

10

20

30

40

50

Poor Non-Poor*


Trends in the Prevalence of High Waist

Circumference (WC)° among Adults, 20 years old

and above: Philippines, 2003-2018

2.4 3.1 3.2 3.8 3.0 3.9

17.019.0 19.9

23.1

18.5

23.5

0

10

20

30

40

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Pre

vale

nce (

%)

Male Female

° High WC is ≥102 cm (>40in) for males or ≥88 cm (>34in) for females

12.1 11.16.9 8.0 7.1 8.3

54.8

65.5 62.5 63.257.9

63.7

0

20

40

60

80

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Pre

vale

nce (

%)

Male Female

*

*

Trends in the Prevalence of High Waist-Hip Ratio

(WHR)° among Adults, 20 years old and above:

Philippines, 2003-2018

° High WHR is ≥1.00 for males or ≥0.85 for females

Prevalence of High Waist Circumference and High Waist-Hip Ratio among

Adults, 20 to 59 years old: Philippines and Aklan, 2018

13.5

35.3

0

20

40

60

80

100

High WaistCircumference

High Waist-HipRatio

Pre

vale

nce (

%) PHILIPPINES

90%

CI

LL 13.2 34.9

UL 13.8 35.7

10.8

32.5

0

20

40

60

80

100


High Waist-HipRatio

Pre

vale

nce (

%) AKLAN

90%

CI

LL 9.5 30.7

UL 12.1 34.2

**


10.8

5.6

11.9 13.0 12.4

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y

Pre

vale

nce (

%)

1.4

20.3

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Male Female

High Waist Circumference among Adults, 20-59 years old,


7.811.7

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Poor Non-Poor


*

Prevalence of Anemia among Adults°, 20-59 years old, by sex,

place of residence and wealth status: Philippines, 2018

9.3

6.0

12.7

8.35.2

11.2

0

5

10

15

ALL Male Female

Pre

vale

nce (

%) 2013 2018

9.07.6

0

5

10

15

Rural Urban

Pre

vale

nce (

%)

9.0 8.6 8.5 8.27.1

0

5

10

15

Poorest Poor Middle Rich Richest

Pre

vale

nce (

%)

2013 2018

° excluding pregnant

or lactating women

Prevalence of Anemia among Adults°,

20-59 years old: Philippines and Aklan, 2018

8.3

0

5

10

15

20

Anemia

Pre

vale

nce (

%)

PHILIPPINES

90%

CI

LL 7.7

UL 9.0

9.77.9

11.2

0

5

10

15

20

Anemia Male Female

Pre

vale

nce (

%)

AKLAN

90% CILL 7.3

UL 12.0° excluding pregnant or lactating women

Trend in the Prevalence of Elevated Blood Pressure°

among Adults, 20 years old and above: Philippines, 1993-2018

22.021.0

22.525.3

22.323.9

19.2

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Pre

vale

nce (

%)

° Based on a single-visit blood pressure measurement,systolic blood pressure of 140 mmHg or higher and/or adiastolic pressure of 90 mmHg or higher (JNC VII, 2004)

Elevated Blood Pressure among ADULTS,

20-59 years old, by age group and sex:

Philippines, 2015 vs 2018

20.8

9.1

16.7

28.3

36.3

16.0

5.5

11.7

22.2

30.0

0

10

20

30

40

50

ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y

Pre

vale

nce (

%) 2015 2018

25.3

16.920.2

12.7

0

10

20

30

40

50

Male Female

Pre

vale

nce (

%)

2015 2018

*


* * * * **2015 2018

Prevalence of Elevated Blood Pressure among Adults, 20 to

59 years old: Philippines and Aklan, 2018

90% CILL 15.6 15.7

UL 16.4 18.6

16.0 17.1

0

5

10

15

20

Philippines Aklan

Pre

vale

nce (

%)

17.1

5.9

13.5

20.5

33.5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y

Pre

vale

nce (

%)

20.9

13.8

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Male Female

Elevated Blood Pressure among Adults, 20-59 years old,


16.1 17.5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Poor Non-poor** significantly different at 10% level of significance

3.4

4.85.6 7.9

2.7

4.3

8.2

0

2

4

6

8

10

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Pre

vale

nce (

%)

High FBS: ≥126 mg/dL

Impaired blood sugar: 110-125 mg/dL

Trend in the Prevalence of High Fasting Blood Sugar

among Adults, 20 years old and above: Philippines, 2003-2018

High Fasting Blood Sugar among ADULTS,

20-59 years old, by age group and sex:


4.7

1.0

3.2

6.3

10.6

6.7

1.6

4.7

8.6

12.9

0

5

10

15

20

ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y

Pre

vale

nce (

%)

2013 2018

5.1 4.3

6.8 6.6

0

5

10

15

20

Male Female

Pre

vale

nce (

%)

2013 2018

*


*

2013 2018

*

Prevalence of High Fasting Blood Sugar among Adults, 20 to

59 years old: Philippines and Aklan, 2018

90% CILL 6.2 4.0

UL 7.2 8.7

6.7 6.3

0

5

10

15

20

Philippines Aklan

Pre

vale

nce (

%)

6.3

0.0

9.17.0

10.9

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y

Pre

vale

nce (

%)

7.75.6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Male Female

High Fasting Blood Sugar among Adults, 20-59 years old,

by age group and sex: Aklan, 2018

Smoking Status

Current Smokers are those who either smoke on a “daily”

basis (at least one cigarette a day) or on a regular/occasionalbasis (at least weekly or less often than weekly)

World Health Organization. (2008). WHO STEPS Surveillance Manual.

Current Smoking° among Adults, 20 years old and above: Philippines, 1998-2018

32.7 34.831.0

25.423.3

20.7

0

10

20

30

40

Pro

po

rtio

n (

%)

° Are those who either smoke on a “daily” basis (at least one cigarette a day) or on aregular/occasional basis (at least weekly or less often than weekly)

- World Health Organization. (2008). WHO STEPS Surveillance Manual.

Current Smoking among ADULTS, 20-59 years old,

by age group, sex and place of residence:



*

24.0 25.0 23.9 23.4 23.621.5 22.0 22.5 20.3 20.9

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y

Pre

vale

nce (

%)

2015 2018

44.5

6.3

41.3

5.8

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Male Female

Pre

vale

nce (

%)

2015 2018

2015 2018

*

Proportion of Current Smokers among Adults,

20 to 59 years old: Philippines and Aklan, 2018

90% CILL 20.7 15.0

UL 22.4 19.3

21.517.2

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Philippines Aklan

Pro

port

ion (

%)


*

17.2 16.919.5

15.1 16.2

0

10

20

30

40

50

ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y

Pro

port

ion (

%) 34.0

1.9

0

10

20

30

40

50

Male Female

Current Smoking among Adults, 20-59 years old,


19.516.1

0

10

20

30

40

50

Poor Non-Poor** significantly different at 10% level of significance

Alcohol Consumption Status

Those who never consumed 1 or more drinks of any type of alcohol in their entire lifetime

Those who did not consume 1 or more drinks during the year preceding the survey

Those who consumed 1 or more drinks of any type of alcohol in the year preceding the survey

LIFETIME

ABSTAINERS

FORMER DRINKERS

CURRENT DRINKERS

World Health Organization. (2015). Indicator and Measurement Registry version 1.7. Alcohol consumers, past 12 monthsWorld Health Organization. (2015). Global Health Observatory (GHO) Data. Abstainers, past 12 months.

drinking 5 or more standard drinks in a row for men or

drinking of 4 or more standard drinks in a row for women

BINGE DRINKINGor the harmful use of alcohol means excessive

consumption of alcoholic beverages in a single

occasion, specifically the intake of…

National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. (2004). NIAAA council approves definition of binge drinking.

among those who reported drinking alcoholic

beverages in the past 30 days.

55.7 55.2 57.1 54.7 55.6

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y

Pro

port

ion (

%)

64.4

31.0

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Male Female

Pro

port

ion

(%)

Binge Drinking° among currently drinking ADULTS,

20-59 years old, in the past 30 days by age group

and sex: Philippines, 2018

° Drinking 5 or more standard drinks in a row for menor 4 or more standard drinks in a row for women

*


Proportion of Binge Drinkers among currently drinking Adults, 20-

59 years old, in the past 30 days: Philippines and Aklan, 2018

90% CILL 53.3 54.0

UL 58.1 64.5

55.7 59.3

0

20

40

60

80

Philippines Aklan

Pro

port

ion (

%)

59.3 57.462.2 59.4 58.9

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y

Pre

vale

nce (

%) 64.2

18.4

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Male Female

Proportion of Binge Drinkers among currently

drinking Adults, 20-59 years old, in the past 30 days by age

group, sex, and wealth status: Aklan, 2018

63.158.6

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Poor Non-Poor


*

INSUFFICIENT PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

A person not meeting any of the following criteria is considered being physicallyinactive or insufficiently physically active:

- 75 minutes (3 or more days) of vigorous-intensity physical activity (e.g. running) per week or

- 150 minutes (5 or more days) of moderate-intensity physical activity per week (or walking of at least 30 minutes per day) or

- an equivalent combination of moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity achieving at least 600 Metabolic Equivalents-minutes per week

- World Health Organization. (2010). Global recommendations on physical activity for health.

Physical Inactivity° among ADULTS, 20-59 years old,

by age group and sex: Philippines, 2015 vs 2018

40.745.0

40.237.3 38.940.6

45.740.3

37.0 37.8

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y

Pro

port

ion (

%)

2015 2018

28.0

51.6

32.9

46.6

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Male Female

Pro

port

ion (

%)

2015 2018

2015 2018

° A person not meeting any of the following criteria: 75 mins of vigorous-intensity physical activity per week (≥ 3 days of vigorous-intensity activity of at least 20 mins per day) OR 150 mins of moderate-intensity physical activity per week (≥ 5 days of moderate-intensity activity or walking of at least 30 mins per day) OR an equivalent combination of moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity achieving at least 600 MET-minutes per week

- World Health Organization (2010). Global recommendations on physical activity for health.

Proportion of Physically Inactive Adults,

20 to 59 years old: Philippines and Aklan, 2018

90% CILL 38.1 22.6

UL 43.1 31.4

40.6

27.0

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Philippines Aklan

Pro

port

ion (

%)

*


Physical Inactivity° among Adults, 20-59 years old,

by age group, sex, and wealth status:

Aklan, 2018

° A person not meeting any of the following criteria: 75 mins of vigorous-intensity physical activity per week (≥ 3 days of vigorous-intensity activity of at least 20 mins per day) OR 150 mins of moderate-intensity physical activity per week (≥ 5 days of moderate-intensity activity or walking of at least 30 mins per day) OR an equivalent combination of moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity achieving at least 600 MET-minutes per week

- World Health Organization (2010). Global recommendations on physical activity for health.

27.032.0

25.2 24.8 24.7

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

ALL 20-29 y 30-39 y 40-49 y 50-59 y

Pro

port

ion (

%)

20.2

32.8

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Male Female

21.2

29.3

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Poor Non-Poor


*

Health and Nutritional Status of Filipino Elderly

Aklan

Nutritional Status of the Elderly,

60 years old and above: Philippines, 2018

17.221.3

4.8

13.4

24.7

6.3

0

10

20

30

40

50

Chronic Energy Deficient Overweight Obese

Pre

vale

nce (

%)

2015 2018

* *** significantly different at 5% level of significance

Chronic Energy Deficiency among Elderly, 60 years old and above: Philippines and Aklan, 2018

13.416.6

0

10

20

30

Philippines Aklan

Pro

port

ion (

%)

90% CILL 12.9 13.8

UL 14.0 19.5

Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among Elderly,

60 years old and above: Philippines and Aklan, 2018

24.7

6.3

0

10

20

30

40

50

Overweight Obese

Pre

vale

nce

(%)

PHILIPPINES

20.4

4.8

0

10

20

30

40

50

Overweight Obese

Pre

vale

nce

(%)

AKLAN

90% CILL 23.9 5.9

UL 25.5 6.890% CI

LL 17.5 2.9

UL 23.3 6.6

*


3.3 3.52.9 2.7

4.8 5.0 4.9

0.9

0

2

4

6

8

10

ALL 60-69 y 70-79 y 80 y & over

Pre

vale

nce (

%) 2015 2018

2.1

4.7

2.7

7.5

0

2

4

6

8

10

Rural Urban

2015 2018


*2015 2018

High Waist Circumference among Elderly MALES,

60 years old and above, by age group and place

of residence: Philippines, 2015 vs 2018

22.224.2

20.015.8

27.925.8

23.820.6

0

10

20

30

40

ALL 60-69 y 70-79 y 80 y & above

Pre

va

len

ce (

%)

2015 2018

16.1

28.2

21.6

34.5

0

10

20

30

40

Rural Urban

2015 2018


2015 2018

* * *

High Waist Circumference among Elderly FEMALES,

60 years old and above, by age group, and

place of residence: Philippines, 2015 vs 2018

High Waist-Hip Ratio among Elderly MALES,

60 years old and above, by age group and place of

residence: Philippines, 2015 vs 2018

12.8 13.511.9

8.7

15.9 16.4 16.0

9.5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

ALL 60-69 y 70-79 y 80y & over

Pro

po

rtio

n (

%)

2015 2018

9.4

16.6

11.4

21.9

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Rural Urban

2015 2018

2015 2018

High Waist-Hip Ratio among Elderly FEMALES,

60 years old and above, by age group and place

of residence: Philippines, 2015 vs 2018

64.1 67.259.9 55.6

72.0 73.8 69.7 65.4

0

20

40

60

80

100

ALL 60-69 y 70-79 y 80y & over

Pro

po

rtio

n (

%) 2015 2018

57.9

70.066.577.8

0

20

40

60

80

100

Rural Urban

2015 2018


* ** * * *

2015 2018

Prevalence of High Waist Circumference and High Waist-Hip Ratio among

Elderly, 60 years old and above: Philippines and Aklan, 2018

17.8

47.7

0

20

40

60

80

100


High Waist-Hip Ratio

Pre

vale

nce

(%) PHILIPPINES

16.4

47.0

0

20

40

60

80

100


High Waist-Hip Ratio

Pre

vale

nce

(%) AKLAN

90%

CI

LL 17.1 46.7

UL 18.6 48.690%

CI

LL 13.6 44.3

UL 19.2 49.8

Anemia among Elderly, 60 years old and above, by sex,

place of residence, and wealth status: Philippines, 2013 vs 2018

20.823.0

19.120.223.3

17.8

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

ALL Male Female

Pre

vale

nce (

%)

2013 2018

21.718.3

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Rural Urban

Pre

vale

nce (

%)

24.121.1 21.8

16.8 17.4

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Poorest Poor Middle Rich Richest

Pre

vale

nce (

%)

2018

2018

2013 2018

Prevalence of Anemia among Elderly, 60 years old and above:


90% CILL 17.7 27.1

UL 22.8 42.0

20.2

34.6

0

10

20

30

40

Philippines Aklan

Pro

port

ion (

%)


*

Percent distribution of UIE values among the Elderly,

60 years old and above: Philippines, 2013 vs 2018

15.018.8

24.027.6

8.95.8

7.8

15.5

23.8

30.4

12.99.6

0

10

20

30

40

50

<20 μg/L 20-49 μg/L 50-99 μg/L 100-199 μg/L 200-299 μg/L ≥300 μg/L

Perc

enta

ge (

%)

2013 2018

2013Median UIE = 80 μg/LPrev <50 μg/L = 33.8%

2018Median UIE = 108 μg/LPrev <50 μg/L = 23.8%

Median UIE° and Percent UIE below 50 μg/L among Elderly, 60 years old and above: Philippines and Aklan, 2018

108.0 98.0

0

50

100

150

200

Philippines Aklan

Med

ian

UIE

(μ

g/L)

23.3 26.6

0102030405060

Philippines Aklan

Pe

rce

nta

ge (

%)

90%

CI

LL 105.2 88.8

UL 110.3 106.2

90%

CI

LL 20.4 22.8

UL 26.3 30.5

°Iodine Intake based on median UIE<100 μg/L – Insufficient100-199 μg/L – Adequate200-299 μg/L – More than adequate300 μg/L and up – Excessive

41.2 40.6 42.7 40.6

35.0 33.837.1 36.8

0

10

20

30

40

50

ALL 60-69 y 70-79 y 80y & over

Pre

vale

nce (

%)

2015 2018

40.8 41.536.8

33.6

0

10

20

30

40

50

Male Female

Pre

vale

nce (

%)

2015 2018

* * **

Elevated Blood Pressure° among the ELDERLY,

60 years old and above, by age group and sex:



*

2015 2018

° Based on a single-visit blood pressure measurement, systolic blood pressureof 140 mmHg or higher and/or a diastolic pressure of 90 mmHg or higher- 7th Joint National Committee on detection and treatment of high blood pressure (JNC VII, 2004)

High Fasting Blood Sugar among the ELDERLY,



11.012.5

9.2

6.4

13.815.3

11.8

5.9

0

5

10

15

20

ALL 60-69 y 70-79 y 80y & above

Pre

vale

nce (

%)

2013 2018

10.611.4

13.8 13.9

0

5

10

15

20

Male Female

Pre

vale

nce (

%)

2013 2018

2013 2018

Prevalence of Elevated Blood Pressure and High Fasting Blood Sugar among

Elderly, 60 years old and above: Philippines and Aklan, 2018

35.0

13.8

0

10

20

30

40

50

Elevated BloodPressure

High Fasting BloodSugar

Pre

vale

nce (

%) PHILIPPINES

90%

CI

LL 33.7 12.2

UL 36.2 15.5

37.9

12.4

0

10

20

30

40

50

Elevated BloodPressure

High Fasting BloodSugar

Pre

vale

nce (

%) AKLAN

90%

CI

LL 33.7 8.3

UL 42.2 16.4

Smoking Status

Current Smokers are those who either smoke on a “daily”

basis (at least one cigarette a day) or on a regular/occasionalbasis (at least weekly or less often than weekly)

World Health Organization. (2008). WHO STEPS Surveillance Manual.

19.2 21.217.0

11.816.3 18.8

12.69.0

0

10

20

30

40

50

ALL 60-69y 70-79 y 80y & over

Pro

port

ion (

%) 2015 2018

32.0

9.4

28.2

7.5

0

10

20

30

40

50

Male Female

Pro

port

ion

(%)

2015 2018

Current Smoking° among the ELDERLY,



*

* significantly different at

5% level of significance

2015 2018

° Are those who either smoke on a “daily” basis (at least one cigarette a day)or on a regular/occasional basis (at least weekly or less often than weekly)

- World Health Organization (2008). WHO STEPS Surveillance Manual.

*

Alcohol Consumption Status

Those who never consumed 1 or more drinks of any type of alcohol in their entire lifetime

Those who did not consume 1 or more drinks during the year preceding the survey

Those who consumed 1 or more drinks of any type of alcohol in the year preceding the survey

LIFETIME

ABSTAINERS

FORMER DRINKERS

CURRENT DRINKERS

World Health Organization. (2015). Indicator and Measurement Registry version 1.7. Alcohol consumers, past 12 monthsWorld Health Organization. (2015). Global Health Observatory (GHO) Data. Abstainers, past 12 months.

27.832.2

21.7

15.5

28.233.8

20.4

10.4

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

ALL 60-69 y 70-79 y 80y & over

Pro

port

ion (

%)

2015 2018

48.5

12.0

48.6

13.0

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Male Female

Pro

port

ion (

%)

2015 2018

Current Alcohol Drinking among the ELDERLY,



2015 2018

INSUFFICIENT PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

A person not meeting any of the following criteria is considered being physicallyinactive or insufficiently physically active:

- 75 minutes (3 or more days) of vigorous-intensity physical activity (e.g. running) per week or

- 150 minutes (5 or more days) of moderate-intensity physical activity per week (or walking of at least 30 minutes per day) or

- an equivalent combination of moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity achieving at least 600 Metabolic Equivalents-minutes per week- World Health Organization. (2010). Global recommendations on physical activity for health.

52.6

45.1

61.8

77.6

50.645.4

56.6

70.6

0

20

40

60

80

ALL 60-69 y 70-79 y 80y & over

Pro

port

ion (

%)

2015 2018

42.9

59.9

44.7

55.0

0

20

40

60

80

Male Female

Pro

port

ion (

%)

2015 2018

Physical Inactivity among the ELDERLY,



2015 2018

16.328.2

50.6

0

20

40

60

80

CurrentSmokers

Current AlcoholDrinkers

PhysicallyInactive

Pro

po

rtio

n (

%)

PHILIPPINES

11.819.3

39.5

0

20

40

60

80

CurrentSmokers

Current AlcoholDrinkers

PhysicallyInactive

Pro

po

rtio

n (

%)

AKLAN

90%

CI

LL 15.5 25.8 48.5

UL 17.1 30.5 52.7

90%

CI

LL 9.8 16.0 35.6

UL 13.7 22.7 43.4

Proportion of Current Smokers, Current Alcohol Drinkers,

and Physically Inactive Elderly, 60 years old and above:


***


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