ajit verma
TRANSCRIPT
Discuss the commonly used disinfectants and their relative efficiency against the bacteriaMADE BY :- SUNIL KUMAR AJEET KUMAR MANISH KUMAR MONOJ KUMARVikesh Kumar
PURPOSE The purpose of this project
what is disinfection.
Level of disinfection
how many types of disinfection.
which disinfectant would most effectively kill bacteria.
PURPOSE The purpose of this project
what is disinfection.
Level of disinfection
how many types of disinfection.
which disinfectant would most effectively kill bacteria.
WHAT IS DISINFECTANT Disinfectants are liquid substances that kill germs or bacteria on non-living objects. They are usually chemicals used to clean clothes, rooms, dishes, and utensils. They are also used to help hospitals and care units stay clean and free of germs. The common disinfectants used in households arent as effective as the ones used in hospitals or care units to stop diseases.
WHAT IS ANTISEPTICSChemical disinfectants which can safely applied to living tissues and are used to prevent infection by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms.
ANTISEPTICS V/S DISINFECTION
ANTISEPTICS:- Use on skin and mocous membranes to kill microorganisms.
Not for use on inanimate objects.
DISINFECTION:-
Use to kill microorganisms on inanimate objects.
Not for use on skin or mucous membranes.
Chemicals agentsA variety of chemicals agents are used as antiseptics and disinfectants.
Factors influencing the potency of a disinfectant:
Concentration
Time of action
PH
Temperature
Nature of organism
Presence of organic matter
LEVEL OF DISINFECTION
LOW LEVEL DISINFECTIONMany organisms can survive on exposure to these disinfectants.
Used for items which come in contact with the patients but they do not penetrate into tissues.
Stethoscopes, ECG electrodes etc.
INTERMEDIATE LEVEL DISINFECTIONMay not effective against spores
Includes alcohols, iodophores and phenols
Used for:
Laryngoscopes
Fiber optic endoscopes
HIGH LEVEL DISINFECTION
Glutaraldehyde, Hydrogen peroxide, peracitic acid and chlorine compounds.
Effectiveness may be equal to that of sterilisation.
Used for:
Endoscopes
Cystoscopies
Surgical instruments with plastic components
EXAMPLE OF DISINFECTION
Alcohols :-
Ethyl alcohol and Isopropyl alcohol are commonly used.
Act by denaturing of bacterial proteins.
No sporicidal and virucidal activity.
Used as skin antiseptics.
Isopropyl alcohol is preferred to Ethyl alcohol as it is better fat solvent, more bactericidal and less volatile.
Alcohols :-
Phenols:- first introduced the use of phenol ( Carbolic acid) in surgery (1867).
Produced by distillation of coal tar between temperatures of 170C and 270C.
Commonly used Phenol derivatives are
cresol
chlorhexidine
chloroxylenol
hexachlorophanes
Synthetic phenol surface disinfectant.
Cresols :-
Lysol is a solution of cresols in soap.
Active against a wide range of organisms.
Uses:
Cleaning of floors
Disinfection of excreta
Chlorhexidine:-
Eg.Savlon (Chlorhexidine and Cetrimide)
More active against Gram positive than Gram negative
Good fungicidal activity.
No action on spores and
little activity against viruses
Chloroxylenol :-
Eg.dettol
Less toxic and less irritant.
Readily inactivated by organic matter
Inactive against pseudomonas.
Hexachlorophane:-
More active against Gram positive than Gram negative bacteria.
Bacteriostatic at high dilutions.
Applied on skin as prophylaxis against staphylococcal infections.
Potentially toxic and should be used with care.
Halogens:-
4.Halogens:Chlorine
Iodine
Commonly used disinfectants
Bactericidal, sporicidal and virucidal
Chlorine :-
Bleaching powder,
Disinfection is due to release of free chlorine.
Reacts with water to form hypochlorus acid .
Used in water supplies, swimming pools, food and dairy industries.
Iodophors:-
Iodophors are disinfectants that include iodine. They are used to clean hospital surfaces like tables and beds,and also to disinfect food preparation equipment.
Iodophor surfaces disinfectant.
Iodine :- Used as skin disinfectant.
Bactericidal and moderate action on spores.
Betadine is one example.
The anionic compounds:-
: E g :- common soaps,
Have strong detergent but weak antimicrobial properties .
These agents are most active at acidic ph.
Effective against Gram
organism
Bleach:-
Bleach is a relatively inexpensive and highly effective disinfectant. It not only cleans up dirt and mold, but also kills some of the most dangerous bacteria, However, bleach is also one of the most harmful disinfectants to human health and has been linked to respiratory problems and birth defects. Bleach should not be used on the skin.
Quaternary ammonium compounds
Quaternary ammonium compounds are used in lots of common household cleaners. They are used as disinfectants and as detergents.
Formaldehyde and Glutaraldehyde
Formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde are fast-acting disinfectants. They disinfect quickly and effectively. They are used mostly by hospitals to clean the surgical tools and other medical devices.
Fig. 20-13 Fast-acting high-level disinfectant.
Wash your hands!!!
(When???)
When youre at common places
ConclusionHealth is very important. Getting a sickness from bacteria can happen in an unhealthy environment. Using a disinfectant to kill harmful bacteria is an important way to stay healthy.
END OF PRESENTATION
THANK YOU
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