airplane performance, stability and control · 9 28 endurance. 29 turning flight performance 30...

Name of Faculty: AMOL

Discipline: Aeronautical Engineering

Semester:4th

Subject: AIRPLANE PERFORMANCE, STABILITY AND CONTROL

Lesson Plan Duration: 15 weeks (January,2018- Apri,2018)

Week Theory

Lecture Day Topics (including assignment test)

1

1 Atmosphere : ISA

2 Geopotential and Geometric altitude,

3 Troposphere and Stratosphere

4 stability of atmosphere.

2 5 Aerodynamic characteristics : Drag

Aerodynamics

6 Drag polar, estimation of drag

7 Forces and moments from dimensional analysis

3 8 pressure distribution over airfoils

9 variation with angle of attack

10 aerodynamic centre, centre of pressure - related

problems

4 11 variation of aerodynamic coefficients with

Reynolds number and Mach number

12 Effect of span, aspect ratio, planform, sweep

13 taper and twist on aerodynamic characteristics.

5 14 High lift devices

15 V/STOL configurations

16 Airplane Performance in Steady and Level

Flight : Equations of motion of aircraft,

17 variation of drag with flight, power required

6 18 variation of drag with power available

19 minimum drag

20 minimum power conditions

7 21 climbing performance

22 gliding performance

23 Airplane Performance in Accelerated Flight:

Take off

8 24 landing distances

25 Jet Assisted

26 Take off

27 Range

9 28 Endurance.

29 Turning flight performance

30 Static longitudinal stability : Stick fixed static

longitudinal stability

31 neutral point, power effects,

10 32 stick free static longitudinal stability.

33 Hinge moments, Aerodynamic Balancing,

Static Margin. In flight measurement of stick

fixed and stick free neutral points. maneuver

margin.

34 Maneuvering flight : Elevator angle per g and

stick force per g maneuver margin.

11 35 Lateral and Directional Stability and Control: Assymmetric flight, weather cock stability,

36 Rudder fixed and Rudder free static directional

stability

37 Rudder lock, dihedral effect.

12 38 Control in Roll, Aileron control power. Cross

coupling of lateral and directional effects. Numerical problem

39 Dynamic Stability : Equations motion of

airplane,

40 stability derivatives

13 41 split-up of equations in symmetrical

42 non-symmetric groups of motion.

43 Analysis of short period.

14 44 phugoid

45 Analysis of roll modes

46 Analysis of spiral modes

15 47 Dutch Roll.

48



Semester: 6th

Subject: AIRCRAFT MATERIALS


Week Theory


1

1 Engineering Materials, Structural properties of

materials

2 Atomic and lattice structure,

3 bonding in Solids

4 Imperfections in crystals

2 5 Solid phase and phase diagrams

6 mechanical properties and testing,

7 Isotropy, Orthotropy

3 8 True stress and strain

9 Strength and elasticity

10 Stiffness, Resistance, Plasticity, Ductility,

Toughness and Hardness of materials.

4 11 Concept of Fatigue and Creep,

12 Mechanical Testing,

13 Factors Affecting Strength, Deformation, Plasticity

and Viscoelasticity, Fracture, Heat treatment

5 14 Chemical, thermal and Technological Properties,

15 Board classification of aircraft materials

16 Ferrous materials, nonferrous materials and alloys

17 ceramic materials and fibre reinforced

composite materials, polymers, metal matrix

particulate.

6 18 Furnishing Materials

19 Plastic, wood, plywood

20 glue, dopes and rubber used in aircraft manufacture

7 21 Methods of testing

22 Methods of storage,

23 Paints, surface finishes and materials

8 24 Specifications: Indian Standard

25 British, American, French,

26 German, and International specifications

27 Corrosion, its detection and prevention

9 28 Protective finishes

29 Testing

30 Destructive techniques.

31 non - destructive testing techniques.

10 32 Crack detection

33 inspection of parts by hot oil

34 inspection of parts by chalk

11 35 dye-penetrant,

36 Fluorescent particles

37 magnetic particles

12 38 X-ray

39 ultrasonic

40 eddy current.

13 41 acoustic emission methods.

42

43

14 44

45

46

15 47

48



Semester: 4th

Subject: MAINTENANCE OF RADIO & COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS


Week Theory


1

1 Basics of the application and identification of electrical cables used in Aircraft radio installation

2 crimping and soldering techniques

3 bonding continuity and insulation tests.

4 Composition

2 5 performance (stability and tolerance

6 limitations of the fixed resistors

7 limitations of the varistors (carbon composition, carbon film, wire wound and metallic film).

3 8 AC and DC measuring instruments:

9 Electrical power distribution systems

10 the operation and construction of static

4 11 the operation and construction of inverters,

12 the operation and construction of static rotary inverters

13 the operation and construction of transformer rectifier units.

5 14 AC and DC measuring instruments: Electrical power distribution systems, the operation and construction of static inverters, rotary inverters and transformer rectifier units. Basics of interference caused by electrical and

ignition system to radio apparatus, methods of

minimizing or suppressing such interference,

bonding and screening

15 Basics of interference caused by electrical and

ignition system to radio apparatus

16 methods of minimizing or suppressing such

interference

17 bonding and screening

6 18 Construction and Identification of various types of antennas

19 the voltage and current distribution along antenna of various length

20 characteristics of ground planes.

7 21 Very high frequency (VHF)

22 high frequency (HF)

23 airborne communications

8 24 frequency bands allocation

25 methods of propagation

26 ranges expected both day and night

27 calculation of approximate range of communication (line of sight) with given data.

9 28 The performance levels

29 specifications of typical airborne

30 VHF communication systems

31 the principle of operation

10 32 installation practices

33 functioning of the operating controls

34 maintenance of typical HF and VHF communication transceivers.

11 35 Theory of operation

36 performance level

37 specifications of an Audio Integration System

12 38 Working principles and testing of Lead Acid batteries Principles,

39 Working principles and testing of Nickel Cadmium and Silver Zinc batteries Principles,

40 Principles, Characteristics and operation of the under mentioned systems:

13 41 Automatic Direction Finder (ADF) Systems, Very High Frequency (VHF) Omn

42 Directional Range System

43 Instrument Landing Systems,

14 44 Weather Radar Systems,

45 Omega Navigation System

46 Radio Altimeter Systems, ‡ Cockpit Voice Recorder, Principles of Satellite Communications and its application to aircraft.

15 47 Cockpit Voice Recorder

48 Principles of Satellite Communications and its application to aircraft.



Semester: 4th

Subject: AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTATION


Week Theory


1

1 Measurement of circuit Units and Standards,

2 theory of measurement

3 functional analysis of measurements,

4 errors and error estimation

2 5 Measurement of voltage and current in DC and

AC

6 VTVM digital voltmeter

7 measurement of power

3 8 phase angle, power factor, Extension of range

by instrument transformers,

9 fluxmeter, measurement of frequency,

10 heterodyne techniques s

4 11 digital frequency counters, signal generator

12 LCR direct and bridge methods,

13 Waveform analysis,

5 14 Cathode ray oscilloscopes

15 measurement of harmonic and Intermodulation

distortion

16 distortion analyser, spectrum

17 lanalyser, configurations and performance

characteristics of instruments,

6 18 motion requirement, relative displacement and velocity,

19 Translational and sesmic displacement,

20 velocity and acceleration measurements,

7 21 Very high frequency (VHF)

22 Torque measurement and rotating shaft, pressure and flow

23 temperature based on expansion, electric resistance and radiation methods, Problems

involved in temperature measurements, compensation technique

8 24 Electrostatic Sensitive Devices,

25 Electromagnetic Environment Requirements

for airborne equipment,

26 sensors for the measurement of altitude, air

speed

27 acceleration, temperature, fuel flow and

quantity. Instrument displays,

9 28 The performance levels

29 Moving map display

30 multifunction displays

31 head-up displays

10 32 glass cockpit

33 Cockpit lighting

34 panels: integral,

11 35 glopanels,

36 Typical Electronic/

37 Digital Aircraft Systems:

12 38 ECAM, (Electronic Centralised Aircraft

Monitoring),

39 EFIS (Electronic Flight InstrumentSystems), ,

40 EICAS (Engine Indicating & Crew Alerting

Systems

13 41 FMS (Flight Management Systems)

42 Directional Range System

43 Instrument Landing Systems,

14 44 Weather Radar Systems,

45 Omega Navigation System

46 Radio Altimeter Systems, ‡ Cockpit Voice Recorder, Principles of Satellite Communications and its application to aircraft.

15 47 Cockpit Voice Recorder

48 Principles of Satellite Communications and its application to aircraft.



Semester: 6th

Subject: AIRCRAFT PRODUCTION


Week Theory


1

1 Introduction: Function of process planning

(Methods)

2 Organizing for process planning

3 production planning and control

4 Relationship with other departments

2 5 Tool engineering.

6 Heat Treatment

7 Final and intermediary heat treatment operations

carried out on aircraft materials (both ferrous and

non-ferrous

3 8 the equipment used,

9 the importance of test pieces

10 Finishing by anodizing

4 11 General activities

12 carried out in manufacturing

13 assembly shops

5 14 machine shop

15 sheet metal shop

16 welding shop

17 plastic shop

6 18 assembly shop

19 Jigs and Fixtures: Importance of special

production tools used in manufacturing activity of

various types of jigs and fixtures used in aircraft

industry

20 Difference between jigs and fixtures.

7 21 Design consideration

22 Choice of materials

23 Types of assembly fixtures such as table box

8 24 picture-frame, next and so on

25 Typical jigs for wings,

26 fuselage and control surfaces

27 jigs and fixtures for turning, milling and drilling

9 28 Universal tooling

29 Cutting Tools: Theory of metal cutting

30 typical types of cutting tools used in the

manufacturing shops

31 the advantages of tipped tools. Ceramic tools, tool

life, optimum cutting speeds and feeds

10 32 factors limiting speeds, feeds and cuts

33 New development in cutting tools, use of DBN

Diamond

34 ceramics and coating on cutting tools

11 35 Inspection Gauges and Equipment

36 Various inspection gauges in the manufacturing

shops and their application

37 Fits, limits and tolerances, engineering reference

systems,

12 38 station and datum lines, chord and fuselage

reference lines

39 lofting aerofoil, use of templates, test equipment

used in aircraft production, necessity for and

importance of interchangeability media

40 application of inter -change-ability media viz.,

acceptance gauge

13 41 reference gauges, aperture gauges. Use of digital

read out on measuring tools

42 Process Planning : Definition of mass and batch production

43 various types of charting techniques viz., operation

process chart,

14 44 flow process chart etc., definition of planning

breakdown and its importance

45 factors to be considered for process planning,

comparison of methods, simple exercise on process

planning

46 simple machine shop and sheet metal components

15 47 Different approaches in process planning during pre-production and production phases.

48 Process Shop: Theory of planting, finishing processes carried on aircraft materials - planting and finishing equipment



Semester: 6th

Subject: wind tunnel technique


Week Theory


1

1 Wind Tunnel as a Tool: Types of wind tunnels,

2 special purpose wind tunnels

3 Wind Tunnel Design: Test section

4 diffuser

2 5 fan section

6 fan design

7 , return passage

3 8 cooling,

9 the breather- vibration

10 test section flow quality

4 11 , diffuser design,

12 wind tunnel construction

13 , energy rat

5 14 , final form

15 Instrumentation and Calibration of Test Section:

Measurement of pressure

16 velocity, turbulence

17 , flow angularity

6 18 , hot wire anemometry,

19 laser velocimeter

20 , data acquisition

7 21 flow visualizatio

22 , wind tunnel calibration

23 Model Forces, Moment and Pressure

Measurement

8 24 Wind tunnel balances

25 - Internal & External balances design of wind

tunnel balances

26 , Wake survey method

27 Wind Tunnel Correction: Method of Images

9 28 , boundary corrections

29 , buoyancy corrections

30 wake blockage

31 solid blockage- (2D & 3D corrections

10 32 Non Aeronautical Uses of the Wind Tunnel

33 Applications in wind engineering

34 Surface vehicle testing

11 35 testing of buildings for wind force

36 , pollution,

37 other application

12 38 , other applications at low Reynolds numbers

39

40

13 41

42

43

14 44

45

46

15 47

48



Semester: 6th

Subject: NON DESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION


Week Theory


1

1 Importance of NDT in quality assurance

2 Different types of non destructive techniques to

obtain information regarding siz

3 location of damage or cracks

4 orientation of damage or cracks

2 5 Visual inspection techniques

6 coin tapping technique for composite structures

7 adhesive bonds.

3 8 Ultrasonic testing

9 Pulse echo technique

10 pitch-catch technique

4 11 through transmission technique

12 A-scan

13 B-Scan

5 14 C-scan

15 Acoustic emission

16 Sources of acoustic emission in composites

17 peak amplitude

6 18 rise time during event

19 ring-down counts duration of events

20 X-ray radiography

7 21 Absorption spectra

22 short wave length,

23 X-ray for detection of voids

8 24 Die penetration technique

25 Magnetic particle testing

26 In each of the above techniques, (i) theory

27 In each of the above techniques, (i) theory basic

principles,

9 28 advantages

29 disadvantages,

30 (ii) material of parts that can be inspected

31 (iv) physical size

10 32 shape limitation

33 economics of process

34 types of defects that can be detected

11 35 environment limitation are to be discussed alongwith equipment used for each of the techniques.

36

37

12 38

39

40

13 41

42

43

14 44

45

46

15 47

48



Semester: 6th

Subject: Aircraft propulsion-II


Week Theory


1

1 Steady 1-D Gas Dynamics: Basics

2 Simple flows; Nozzle flow

3 nozzle design, nozzle operating

4 nozzle flow and shock waves

2 5 Nozzle characteristics of some operational Engines

6 Rayleigh flow and Fanno flow

7 Inlet: design, sizing

3 8 performance for various flow regimes

9 Nozzle: C-D Nozzle performance

10 Effects of back pressure

4 11 exit area ratio and mass flow Combustion Systems

12 Basics of combustion chamber

13 Ignition system

5 14 Flame stability and after burners.

15 basic assumptions

16 Applications to (i) Ramjet

17 (ii) Turbojet with and without after burner

6 18 (iii) Turbo fan Engine, optimum by pass ratio

19 (iv) Turbo-Prop Engine Cycle analysis of real engines

20 Axial Flow Compressor: Euler's Turbo-machinery

equations

7 21 Axial Flow analysis

22 Velocity diagrams

23 flow annulus area stage parameters

8 24 Degree of reaction

25 cascade airfoil nomenclature

26 loss coefficient

27 and flow coefficient, stage pressure ratio

9 28 Blade Mach no

29 Repeating-stage, Repeating-row

30 Meanline design. Flow path dimensions

31 number of blades per stage

10 32 Radial variation

33 Design Process, Performance

34 Axial Flow Turbine : Introduction to turbine

analysis

11 35 mean-radius stage calculations

36 Stage parameters

37 stage loading and flow coefficients

12 38 degree of reaction

39 Stage temperature ratio and pressure ratio

40 Rocket-sled facility

13 41 Eddy current based displacement probe

42 Bending critical speed of simple shaft

43 Blade spacing

14 44 Radial Variation,

45 Velocity ratio. Axial Flow Turbine stage Flow path

dimension

46 stage analysis

15 47 Multistage design steps of design - single stage and

two - stage

48 Turbine Performance, Blade Cooling



Semester: 6th

Subject: AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES – II


Week Theory


1

1 Bending of thin plates

2 pure bending

3 plate subjected to bendin

4 plate subjected to twisting

2 5 plates subjected to distributed load,

6 combined bending and in-plane loading of a thin

rectangular plate

7 energy method for bending of thin plates

3 8 STRUCTURAL STABILITY

9 Euler buckling of columns

10 inelastic stability of columns

4 11 effect of initial imperfections

12 energy method for the calculation of buckling loads

in columns

13 flexural and torsional buckling of the thin walled

columns

5 14 buckling of stiffenced plates

15 local instability

16 Stress analysis of aircraft components

17 tapered beams,

6 18 fuselages

19 wings

20 fuselage frames,

7 21 wing ribs

22 shear lag.

23 Matrix methods of structural analysis

8 24 stiffness matrix for an elastic springs,

25 pin jointed frame work

26 application to statically indeterminate frame works

27 matrix analysis of space frames

9 28 stiffness matrix for a beam

29 Concept and introduction to finite element methods

30 Introduction to vibration

31 Free vibration of single

10 32 forced vibration of single

33 two degrees of freedom systems

34 multiple degrees of freedom systems

11 35 Principal modes

36 normal modes

37 static coupling

12 38 dynamic coupling.

39

40

13 41

42

43

14 44

45

46

15 47

48



Semester: 8th

Subject :Gas dynamics


Week Theory


1

1 Normal Shock Waves : Equation of motion for a

normal shock

2 normal shock relations for a perfect gas

3 stagnation conditions

4 Rankine-Hugoniot relations

2 5 Propagating shock waves

6 weak shock

7 Reflected shock wave

3 8 centered expansion waves

9 shock tube.

10 Oblique Shock Waves : Introduction

4 11 oblique shock relations

12 relation between shock angle

13 turning angle,

5 14 oblique shock chart

15 Supersonic flow over a wedge, weak oblique shock

16 Boost glide trajectory

17 Expansion Waves: Supersonic expansion by

turning

6 18 Prandtl-Meyer flow

19 Simple and non-simple regions

20 Reflection and interaction of shocks and expansion

waves

7 21 Mach reflection

22 method of characteristics

23 Airfoils in Compressible Flow : Introduction:

Linearized compressible flow

8 24 Airfoils in subsonic flow

25 Prandtl-Glauert transformation

26 critical Mach number, supercritical flow

27 Governing equation,

9 28 Shock wave-boundary layer interaction, stability and control problems.

29 Lift and drag in supersonic flow: Shock

expansion theory

30 Flow field in supersonic flow

31 Thin airfoil theory

10 32 Analytical determination of lift, drag coefficients

on flat plate

33 bi- convex, diamond -shaped profiles in supersonic

flow

34 supersonic flow past wings

11 35 Potential equation for compressible flows:

Introduction

36 Damping in Roll.

37 Manoeuvring Flight: Introduction, Flat turns for

cruciform and monowing

12 38 linearization of potential equation

39 boundary conditions.

40 Small perturbation theory

13 41 application to wavy wall and bodies of revolution

42 Measurements in compressible flows: Instruments used in compressible flow

43 Rayleigh - Pitot-formula,

14 44 Subsonic, transonic and supersonic wind tunnels-

Design and operation of supersonic wind tunnel.

45 Flow visualization by interferometer, schlieren and

shadow graph methods

46 Instrumentation for Hypersonic wind and shock

tunnels

15 47 Aeroballistic range,

48 Terminal ballistic range. Rocket-sled facility



Semester: 8th

Subject: Rocket and missiles


Week Theory


1

1 General Introduction : Difference between

Rockets and Missiles

2 Types of Rockets

3 Types of Missiles

4 Satellite launch vehicles

2 5 Manned Rockets

6 Aerodynamics Characteristics of Air Frame

Components

7 Introduction,

3 8 Bodies of revolution

9 Different forebody shapes

10 Base pressure

4 11 Aerodynamic controls

12 Jet control.

13 Performance of Missiles and Rockets

5 14 Introduction

15 various types of drags

16 Boost glide trajectory

17 Graphical solution

6 18 Boost sustainer trajectory

19 long range cruise trajectory

20 long range Ballistic trajectory

7 21 Powered and unpowered flight. Brief description of

Fin stabilized

22 spin stabilized rockets and their force systems

23 Thrust misalignment

8 24 Stability and Control

25 Longitudinal: Two degrees of freedom analysis

26 complete missile aerodynamics with forward and

rear control

27 Static stability margin

9 28 Directional: Introduction

29 cruciform configuratio

30 Body contribution on directional control

31 Wind contribution on directional control

10 32 Tail contribution on directional control

33 Lateral: Induced Roll

34 Interal control and design consideration for

cruciform

11 35 monowing

36 Damping in Roll.

37 Manoeuvring Flight: Introduction, Flat turns for

cruciform and monowing

12 38 Pull ups Relationship of manoeuvrability

39 static stability margin

40 Dynamic Stability : Equations of motion

13 41 longitudinal and lateral dynamics

42 Miscellaneous : Launching problems

43 Re-entry

14 44 Modern Concepts

45 Manned Missions

46 stage analysis

15 47 Multistage design steps of design - single stage and

two - stage

48 Turbine Performance, Blade Cooling

airplane performance, stability and control · 9 28 endurance. 29 turning flight performance 30...

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