AIRCRAFT DESIGN PROJECT-1

BUSINESS JETSBY

RUPINDER KAUR AULAKH (VTU0774) PRIYA MOHAPATRA (VTU0730)

NANDHINI.R (VTU0784)YASSMEEN.G (VTU0736)

Aeronautical ‘B’ 3rd yr. , 6th sem.

CONTENTS:

•Introduction•Background•Classes•Aircrafts & Specifications•Comparing Specifications

Introduction:• Business jet, private jet or Bizjet is a term describing a jet aircraft, usually

of smaller size, designed for transporting groups of up to 19 business people or wealthy individuals.

• Business jets may be adapted for other roles, such as the evacuation of casualties or express parcel deliveries, and some are used by public bodies, government officials or the armed forces.

Background:• An early business jet had 4 engines, some of them built now have 2-3. The

emerging market has seen the introduction of several single engine designs as well.

• Almost all business jets have rear-mounted engines, because the wing is too near the ground for engines to be slung underneath it. Airliners are sometimes converted into luxury business jets. Such converted aircraft are often used by celebrities with a large entourage or press corps, or by sports teams.

• There are approximately 11,000 business jets in the worldwide fleet with the vast majority of them based in the United States or owned by US companies. The European market is the next largest, with growing activity in the Middle East, Asia, and Central America.

Classes:1. Heavy jets: The most expensive type of private jet is the heavy jet type,

which is designed for the ultimate in large capacity luxury air travel. Airbus • Airbus A318 Elite / A19CJ / A380 Flying Palace

Boeing

• Boeing business jets Embraer • Lineage 1000

Large cabin jets:

Bombardier Aerospace

• Bombardier Global 5000 / 7000 / 8000 / Express• Bombardier Challenger 850

Dassault

• Dassault Falcon 7X Gulfsteam Aerospace

• Gulfstream G500 / G550 / 650

Super mid-size jets: The elite class of the business and private jet aircraft are the super mid-size jets that feature wide body cabin space, high altitude, speed, and ultra-long range capabilities.

Bombardier Aerospace

Cessna

Dassault

Embraer

Gulfstream

Hawker Beechcraft

2.

• Bombardier Challenger 300 / 605

• Citation X

• Dassault Falcon 900 / 2000

• Legacy 600

• Hawker 4000

Mid-size jets: These aircraft are suitable for longer range travel such as transcontinental flights and for travel with larger passenger capacity requirements.

3.

• Gulfstream G350 / G450

Bombardier Aerospace• Learjet 60 XR / 85

Cessna

• Citation Columbus / Sovereign / XLS Dassault• Dassault Falcon 50

Embraer

• Embraer Legacy 450 / 500 Gulfstream

• Gulfstream 150 / 250 Hawker Beechcraft

• Hawker 750 / 850 XP / 900XP

5. Light jets:The light jets provide access to small airports and the speed to be an effective air travel tool.

Bombardier Aerospace• Learjet 40 / 40 XR / 45 / 45 XR

Cessna

• Citation CJ1 / CJ2 / CJ3 / CJ4 / Bravo / Encore Embraer

• Phenom 300

Grob• Grob SPn

Hawker Beechcraft• Beechcraft Premier I • Hawker 400

Sino Swearingen• SJ30-2

5. Very light jets: Very light jets, also known as Microjets or VLJs, are designed to provide air travel, for example, to more than 5,000 small community airports in the United States. Cessna

• Citation Mustang Cirrus Design

• Cirrus Vision SF50 Embraer

• Phenom 100 Honda

• HondaJet

Boeing Business Jet >>

• The Boeing Business Jet is a 50/50 partnership between Boeing Commercial Airplanes and General Electric.

• The latest versions of the BBJs include configurations based on the Boeing 777, Boeing 787 & the Boeing 747-8 Intercontinental.

• This aircraft usually seats between 25 and 50 passengers within a luxurious configuration.

• This may include a master bedroom, a washroom with showers, a conference/dining area, and a living area.

Specifications:

• Crew: 4• Capacity: 8-63• Length: 33.63m (110 ft. 4 in)• Wingspan: 35.79m(117 ft. 5 in)• Height: 12.57m (41 ft. 3 in)• Empty weight: 42,895 kg (94,570 lb.)• Max. takeoff weight: 77,560 kg (171,000 lb.)• Powerplant: 2 × CFM International CFM56-7 turbofans• Maximum speed: 890km/h (481kt, Mach 0.82)• Range: 11,480 km (6,200 nm) 8 passengers; 11,075 km (5980 nm) 25 passengers; 10,205 km (5510 nm) 50 passengers• Service ceiling: 12,496 m (41,000 ft.)• Thrust: 117.4 kN (26,400 lbf)

Dassault Falcon 7X >>

• The Dassault Falcon 7X is a large-cabin, long range business jet manufactured by Dassault Aviation.

• It was first presented to the public at the 2005 Paris Air Show

• The Falcon 7X is notable for its extensive use of computer-aided design, the manufacturer claiming it to be the "first aircraft to be designed entirely on a virtual platform", using Dassault Systems' CATIA and PLM products.

• Crew: Two (pilot & co-pilot)• Capacity: Up to 14 passengers (not including crew)• Length: 23.19 m (76 ft 1 in)• Wingspan: 26.21 m (86 ft)• Height: 7.863 m (25 ft. 8 in)• Wing area: 70.7 m² (761 ft²)• Empty weight: 15,456 kg (34,072 lb.)• Useful load: 15,843 kg (34,928 lb.)• Max. takeoff weight: 31,750 kg (70,000 lb.)• Powerplant: 3 × Pratt & Whitney Canada PW307A turbofans, 28.46 kN (6,400 lbf) each• Maximum speed: 953 km/h (515 knots, 593 mph)• Range: 11,019 km (5,950 nm) 8 passengers• Service ceiling: 15,545 m (51,000 ft)• Cruise speed: 900 km/h (486 knots, 559 mph)• Wing loading: 435 kg/m² (91 lb/ft²)

Specifications:

Cessna Citation X >>

• The Cessna Citation X is a long-range medium business jet aircraft.

• Although based on the earlier Citation III, VI and VII models, the Citation X is significantly different, with a totally new wing design, engines, and features a glass cockpit.

• It is the fastest operational civilian jet in the world

• The main characteristics of this upgraded version are a 5% increase in thrust, a 400 lb (180 kg) increase in maximum take-off weight and improved Honeywell avionics.

Specifications:• Crew: 2• Capacity: 12 passengers• Length: 72 ft 4 in (22.05 m)• Wingspan: 63 ft 7 in (19.38 m)• Height: 19 ft 2 in (5.84 m)• Wing area: 527.0 ft² (48.96 m²)• Aspect ratio: 7.8:1• Empty weight: 21,600 lb (9,798 kg)• Max. takeoff weight: 35,700 lb or 36,100 lb (16,374 kg)• Powerplant: 2 × Rolls-Royce/Allison AE 3007C or 3007C1 turbofan, 6,442 lbs or 6,764 lbs (28.66 kN or 30.09 kN) each• Maximum speed: Mach 0.92 (MMO)• Cruise speed: 525 knots(604 mph, 972 km/h) at 35,000ft (10,700 m)• Range: 3,216 nmi (3,700 mi, 5,956 km)• Service ceiling: 51,000 ft (15,545 m)• Rate of climb: 3,650 ft/min (18.6 m/s)• Take off distance: 5,140 ft (1,567 m)• Landing distance: 3,400 ft (1,036 m)• Fuel capacity: 1,926 US gallons, 7,291 L

Embraer Legacy 600 >>

• The Embraer Legacy 600 is a business jet derivative of the Embraer ERJ 145 family of commercial jet aircraft.

• It features added range via extra fuel tanks in the tail behind the baggage compartment and forward of the wing, winglets, and an extensive drag reduction program.

• The Legacy also includes a Honeywell Primus 1000 avionics suite, with a full glass cockpit

Specifications:• Crew: Three - pilot, co-pilot, flight attendant (optional)• Capacity: 13 passengers + 1 in cockpit jumpseat• Length: 26.33 m (86 ft 5 in)• Wingspan: 21.17 m (68 ft 11 in)• Height: 6.76 m (22 ft 2 in)• Empty weight: 16,000 kg (30,000 lb)• Max takeoff weight: 22,500 kg (49,604 lb)• Powerplant: 2 × Rolls-Royce AE 3007/A1P turbofans, 39,2 kN (8,810 lbs) each• Maximum speed: 834 km/h (450 kt, 518 mph)• Range: 6,060 km (3,250 nm, 3,740 mi)• Service ceiling: 12,496 m (41,000 ft)• Thrust/weight: 0.36:1Max fuel capacity: 18,800 lb (Legacy Executive) / 11,321 lb (Legacy Shuttle) - both figures approx.

Gulfstream IV >>

• The aircraft was designed and built by Gulfstream Aerospace, a General Dynamics company based in Savannah, Georgia, United States.

• The G450 is an improved version of the GIV-SP/G400 using technologies from the G500/G550.

• It has a "PlaneView" cockpit with 4 Honeywell 21 EFIS screens, and a Gulfstream-designed cursor control system.

• It has the same exterior appearance as G450, and includes the PlaneView cockpit, but does not have EVS as standard equipment.

Specifications:• Cockpit crew: Two• Seating capacity: 19 maximum (12-16 typical)• Length: 89 ft 4 in (27.2 m)• Wingspan: 77 ft 10 in (23.7 m)• Overall height: 25 ft 2 in (7.67 m)• Maximum take-off weight(MTOW): 70,900 lb (32,200 kg)• Empty weight: 42,700 lb (19,400 kg)• Cruising speed: Mach 0.80 (460 knots, 528 mph, 850 km/h at altitude)• Maximum speed: Mach 0.88 (505 knots, 581 mph, 935 km/h at altitude)• Range: 3,800 nmi (7,040 km; 4,370 mi)• Service ceiling: 45,000 ft (13,700 m)• Engines (×2): Rolls-Royce Tay 611-8C• Thrust (×2): 13,850 lbf (61.6 kN)

Learjet 60 >>

• The Learjet 60 is a mid-size cabin, medium range business jet aircraft manufactured by Bombardier Aerospace in Wichita, Kansas, USA.

• The Learjet 60 is powered by two Pratt & Whitney Canada model 305A turbo fan engines producing 4,600 total pounds of thrust.

• The Learjet 60XR has an upgraded cabin, Rockwell Collins Pro Line 21 advanced avionics suite and three disc steel wheel brakes.

Specifications:• Crew: 2• Capacity: 10 passengers• Length: 58 ft 8 in (17.88 m)• Wingspan: 43 ft 9 in (13.34 m)• Height: 14 ft 8 in (4.47 m)• Wing area: 264.5 ft² (24.57 m²)• Empty weight: 14,640 lb (6,641 kg)• Max. takeoff weight: 23,500 lb (10,660 kg)• Powerplant: 2 × Pratt & Whitney Canada PW305A turbofan, 4,600 lbf (20.46 kN) each• Maximum speed: 522 mph (453 knots, 839 km/h) (max cruise)• Cruise speed: 484 mph (Fast Cruise 536 mph) (420 knots, 778 km/h, Mach 0.74) (long-range cruise)• Range: 2,773 mi (2,409 nmi, 4,461 km)• Service ceiling: 51,000 ft (15,545 m)• Rate of climb: 4,500 ft/min (22.9 m/s)

Dassault Falcon 50 >>

• The Dassault Falcon 50 is a French-built super mid-sized, long-range corporate jet, featuring a three jet engine layout with an S-duct central engine.

• It remains a very popular corporate jet for its long-range, luxury, and for the recognition of status for owning a fast three-engined jet.

• Successors of the Falcon 50 are the Falcon 7X and the Falcon 900 featuring a larger fuselage and the same three-engine arrangement.

Specifications:

• Crew: Two• Capacity: 8 to 9 passengers• Length: 18.52 m (60 ft 9¼ in)• Wingspan: 18.86 m (61 ft 10½ in)• Height: 6.98 m (22 ft 10½ in)• Wing area: 46.83 m² (504.1 ft²)• Empty weight: 9,163 kg (20,200 lb)• Max. takeoff weight: 17,600 kg (37,478 lb)• Powerplant: 3 × Garrett TFE731-3-1C turbofan engines, 16.5 kN (3,700 lbf) each• Maximum speed: Mach 0.86 (915 km/h, 494 knots, 568 mph)• Cruise speed: Mach 0.82 (888 km/h, 479 knots, 551 mph)• Range: 6,480 km (3,500 NM, 4,025 sm)• Service ceiling: 14,935 m (49,000 ft)

Hawker 800 >>

• The Hawker 800 is a mid-size twin-engine corporate aircraft.

• It is a development of the British Aerospace BAe 125, and is currently assembled by Hawker Beechcraft.

• The current version is identified as the Hawker 850XP and was certified for operation in March 2006.

• The 850XP is identical to the 800XP except that it includes winglets which have extended its operating range by 100 nautical miles (190 km).

• This version also incorporates upgraded avionics and a redesigned interior.

Specifications:• Crew: 2 pilots• Capacity: 8 passengers typical, 13 maximum• Length: 51 ft 2 in (15.6 m)• Wingspan: 54 ft 4 in (16.5 m)• Height: 18 ft 1 in (5.5 m)• Empty weight: 15,670 lb (7,108 kg)• Max. takeoff weight: 28,000 lb (12,701 kg)• Powerplant: 2 × Honeywell TFE731-5BR turbofan, 4660 lbf () each• Maximum speed: 448 kts (514 mph) 830 km/h• Cruise speed: 402 kts (463 mph) 745 km/h• Range: 2,642 nm (4,893 km)• Service ceiling: 41,000 ft (12,497 m)

Emivest SJ30 >>

• The Emivest SJ30 is an American business jet built by the Emivest Aerospace.

• The SJ30 has been under development since the late 1980s and has been the subject of investment and partnership with a number of companies.

• Ed Swearingen announced a new design for a light twin business jet in October 1986, the SA-30 Fanjet.

Specifications:• Crew: 1 or 2 pilots (the SJ30 is certified as single pilot)• Capacity: 6 passengers (including one passenger in the cockpit if there is no co-pilot)• Length: 46 ft 9½ in (14.26 m)• Wingspan: 42 ft 4 in (12.90 m)• Height: 14 ft 3 in (4.34 m)• Wing area: 190.7 sq ft (17.72 m²)• Empty weight: 7,700 lb (3,493 kg)• Max takeoff weight: 13,500 lbs (6,123 kg)• Powerplant: 2 × Williams International FJ44-2A turbofan, 2,300 lbs (10.23 kN) each• Never exceed speed: M .83• Maximum speed: 486 knots (528 mph, 850 km/h)• Stall speed: 91 knots (104 mph) (105 mph, 169 km/h)• Range: 2,500 nmi (2,887 mi, 4,626 km)• Service ceiling: 49,000 ft (14,935 m)• Rate of climb: 1,000 ft/min (5.1 m/s)

Cessna Citation Mustang >>

• The Cessna Citation Mustang, Model 510, is a "light jet" class business jet built by Cessna Aircraft Company.

• The Mustang has four passenger seats in the aft cabin, toilet and seating for two in the cockpit.

• Like most other light jets, the Mustang is approved for single-pilot operation.

• The airframe is constructed primarily of aluminum alloys, with a three spar wing group.

• One main door is located in the forward left section of the aircraft, with an additional emergency exit on the centre right section of the fuselage.

Specifications:• Crew: one or two pilots• Capacity: 4 to 5 passengers• Length: 40 feet 7 inches (12.37 m)• Wingspan: 43 feet 2 inches (13.16 m)• Height: 13 feet 5 inches (4.09 m)• Empty weight: 5560 lb (2522 kg)• Loaded weight: 8730 lb (3960 kg)• Useful load: 3170 lb (1442 kg)• Max. takeoff weight: 8645 lb (3930 kg)• Powerplant: 2 × Pratt & Whitney Canada PW615F turbofan, 1460 lb (6.49 kN) each• Maximum speed: Mach 0.63• Cruise speed: 340 ktas (630 km/h)• Range: 1167 nmi (at max. takeoff weight) (2161 km)• Service ceiling: 41000 ft (12500 m)• Rate of climb: 3010 fpm (917 mpm)• Thrust/weight: 0.337 (at max. takeoff weight)• Takeoff distance: 3,110 ft (948 m)• Landing distance: 2,380 ft (729 m)

Honda HA-420 HondaJet >>• The Honda HA-420 HondaJet

is the first general aviation aircraft developed by the Honda Motor Company.

• The aircraft will be made at Piedmont Triad International Airport, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA.

• Honda claims that the combination of lightweight materials, aerodynamics and efficient engines gives the HondaJet as much as 35% higher fuel efficiency than similar aircraft.

Specifications:• Crew: 1-2 crew members• Capacity: 5 passengers (6 Passengers for AirTaxi)• Length: 41.70 ft (12.71 m)• Wingspan: 39.87 ft (12.15 m)• Height: 13.21 ft (4.03 m)• Max. takeoff weight: 9,200 lb (4,173 kg)• Powerplant: 2 × GE Honda HF120 turbofan engines, 1,880lbf (Bypass Ratio= 2.9) (8.04kN) each• Maximum speed: 420 KTAS (778 km/h, 483 mph)• Cruise speed: 420 KTAS (FL300)• Range: 1400 nm (1611 mi, 2,593 km) (VFR Range)• Service ceiling: 43,000 ft (13,107 m)• Rate of climb: 3990 ft/min (20.27 m/s)

Comparing The Specifications:

Empty weight Max take-off weight

Max speed Power plant Range Service ceiling

1.Boeing Business Jet 42895kg (94570lb)

77,560 kg (171,000 lb.)

890km/h (481kt, Mach 0.82)

2 × CFM International CFM56-7 turbofans

11480km (6200nm)

12496m (41000ft)

2.Dassault Falcon 7X

75456kg (34072lb)

31750kg (70000lb)

953km/hr (515knots, 593mph)

3 × Pratt & Whitney Canada PW307A turbofans

11019km (5950 nm)

15454m (51000ft)

3.Cessna Citation X

21600lb (9798kg)

35700lb (16374kg)

Mach 0.92 ` 3216nmi (3700mi)

51000ft (15545m)

4.Embraer Legacy 600

16000kg (3000lb)

22500kg (49604lb)

834 km/h (450 kt, 518 mph)

2 × Rolls-Royce AE 3007/A1P turbofans

6060km (3250nm)

12496m (41000ft)

5.Gulfstream IV 42700lb (19400g)

70,900 lb (32,200 kg)

Mach 0.88 ----- 3800nmi (7040km)

45000ft (13700m)

6.Learjet 60 14640lb (6641kg)

23500lb (10660kg)

522 mph (453 knots, 839 km/h)

2 × Pratt & Whitney Canada PW305A turbofan

2773mi (2409nmi)

51000ft (15545m)

7.Dassault Falcon 50

9163kg (20200lb)

17600kg (31478lb)

Mach 0.86 3 × Garrett TFE731-3-1C turbofan engines

6480km (3500nm)

14935m (49000ft)

8.Hawker 800 15670lb (7108kg)

28000lb (12701 kg)

448 kts (514 mph) 830 km/h

2 × Honeywell TFE731-5BR turbofan

2642 nm (4893km)

41000 ft(12497m)

9.Emivest SJ30 7,700 lb (3,493 kg)

13,500 lbs (6,123 kg)

486 knots (528 mph, 850 km/h)

2 × Williams International FJ44-2A turbofan

2500nmi 49000ft

10.Cessna Mustang

5560 lb (2522 kg)

8645 lb (3930 kg)

Mach 0.63 2 × Pratt & Whitney Canada PW615F turbofan

1167 nmi (2161 km)

41000 ft (12500 m)

11Honda HA- 420

----- 9,200 lb (4,173 kg)

420 KTAS (778 km/h, 483 mph)

2 × GE Honda HF120 turbofan engines, 1,880lbf

1400 nm (1611 mi, 2,593 km)

43,000 ft (13,107 m)

Contd…..

Preliminary weight estimation