By Yova Kemenchedjieva Ivan Mukov

Kristian Nikolov

2009 estimate: ◦ Pollutant Maximal exceeding of norm◦ PM10 9.55 µg/m3

◦ Nitrogen dioxide 1.64 µg/m3

◦ Sulphur dioxide 1.94 µg/m3

◦ Carbon monoxide 1.14 µg/m3

◦ Ozone 1.22 µg/m3 [7]

Industrial area near Sofia

http://www.loupiote.com/photos/18430589.shtml

Transportation – high levels of carbon monoxide and produce most of the polluting Hydrocarbons and Nitrogen Oxides

Fuel combustion in stationary sources (for example, indoor heating) – Dominant source of Sulfur Dioxide

Many other sources – deodorant, refrigerators, etc. [1]

Short term ◦ Irritation to eyes, throat and nose◦ Bad for people with asthma (irritates it a lot)

Long term◦ Chronic respiratory disease ◦ Lung cancer◦ Heart diseases◦ Nerve and brain damage [4]

http://images.clipartof.com/small/5725-Sick-Man-Sitting-In-A-Chair-Clipart-Illustration.jpg

Acid Rain Eutrophication Haze Crop and forest damage Global climate change[5]

http://www.treehugger.com/20081203-acid-rain-trees.jpg

What is it under their Control?◦ Planning and Construction of Buildings◦ Vehicles and other individual sources of pollution.◦ Construction, destruction, or extractive sites and

agricultural activities.◦ Tanks for storage of fuels.

Examples for Measures Taken in Case of Violation◦ Sale of fuels is fined severley◦ Purifying installation is needed wherever there is

source of air pollution [10]

There are stations for monitoring of the air in 37 Bulgarian cities.

These stations are recording data for content in the air of:◦ hard particles in the air such as dust;◦ SO2, NO2, CO, Pb, Cd, H2S, CS2, NH3

◦ Styrene (C8H8) – a gas used for the production of polymers.

◦ Benzene (C6H6) – used in chemical production and product of petrol burning.

After the data is gathered it is compared to the different regulations and measures are taken in case of violation. [8]

http://www.gore.com/MungoBlobs/756/761/cooling_pollution_map.jpg

Ozone: (2003 Summary of Pollutant Concentrations)

1-hour average: 0.12ppm(National Ambient Air Quality Standards); highest recorded: 0.19ppm

8-hours average: 0.08, highest recorded: 0.15ppm [6]

L.A. haze in the morninghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/archive/7/7a/20070412195945!CA_LA_haze.jpg

Rapidly growing population, but almost no air pollution regulation

Transportation is main cause Very sunny area creating a lot of

photochemical reactions in the atmosphere Little wind to push the pollutants away from

the city Industrial air pollution also plays big part in this

problem [9]

Stricter industrial regulations + education in schools to increase awareness and community involvement

California lawmakers have created the South Coast Air Quality Management District

Use of catalytic converters to lower air pollution in transportation, but they actually produce more Nitrous Oxide, converting even more to global air pollution [2]

Devin is a small town in Southern Bulgaria and it has a population of around 7000 people.

The only industry around town is the production of mineral water.

Due to the shorter distances cars are less used and pollution is reduced.

The lack of industry also helps for the low measures for pollution in the air.

For instance, the average measure for hard particlesin the air for one day is 2µg/m3 in comparison to the restriction which is 50µg/m3. [3]

http://www.tonykobg.com/UserFiles/Devin_Bulgaria2.jpg

"Air Pollution Causes." Health And Energy Company. Web. 13 June 2010. <http://healthandenergy.com/air_pollution_causes.htm>. [1]

"Causes of Air Pollution on Los Angeles : LA IMC." Los Angeles Independent Media Center. Web. 13 June 2010. <http://la.indymedia.org/news/2010/04/237654.php>. [2]

"Devin, Bulgaria." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 14 June 2010. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devin,_Bulgaria>. [3]

"Health Effects of Air Pollution." Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Web. 13 June 2010. <http://www.lbl.gov/Education/ELSI/Frames/pollution-health-effects-f.html>. [4]

"MassDEP: Environmental Effects of Air Pollution." Mass.Gov. Web. 13 June 2010. <http://www.mass.gov/dep/air/aq/env_effects.htm>. [5]

"Pollution Locator: Smog and Particulates: County Report." Scorecard Home. Web. 13 June 2010. <http://scorecard.org/env-releases/cap/county.tcl?fips_county_code=06037#ej>. [6]

"Sofia." ICSR - the Web Site. Web. 13 June 2010. <http://www.icsr.bas.bg/ICSRwebsite/departments/rdts/htdocs/sofia_r.html>. [7]

 "Качество на въздуха в България." ICSR - the Web Site. Web. 14 June 2010. <http://www.icsr.bas.bg/ICSRwebsite/departments/rdts/htdocs/index_BG.html>. [8]

Air Pollution: Control, Statistics, Air Pollution, Mexico & Los Angeles @ EncycloMedia.com." Free Video Clips - Streaming Online Videos - EncycloMedia. Web. 13 June 2010. <http://www.encyclomedia.com/air_pollution.html>. [9]

Закон за чистота на атмосферния въздух. (Law for the Cleanliness of the Atmospheric Air.) [10]