air pollution control programme for the 2020 to …...air pollution control programme mzoe 9....

Air Pollution Control Programme MZOE

MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY

AIR POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAMME

FOR THE 2020 TO 2029 PERIOD


CONTENT

1. REMARK ................................................................................................................. 1

2. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 1

2.1. THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE PREPARATION OF NATIONAL AIR

POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAMME .............................................................. 2

2.2. SCOPE AND AIM OF THE PROGRAMME ........................................................... 4

2.3. AVAILABLE DATA SOURCE ............................................................................. 6

3. THE NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND POLLUTION POLLICY FRAMEWORK ... 8

3.1. A BRIEF OVERVIEW ON THE SITUATION IN RELATION TO THE VALID

PROGRAMME ..................................................................................................... 8

3.2. POLICY PRIORITIES AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO PRIORITIES SET IN

OTHER RELEVANT POLICY AREAS .................................................................. 9

3.2.1. KOHERENCE OF INVENTORIES AND PROJECTIONS .............................. 26

3.2.2. COHERENCE WITH PLANS AND PROGRAMMES ................................. 32

3.3. RESPONSIBILITIES ATTRIBUTED TO NATIONAL, REGIONAL AND LOCAL

AUTHORITIES .................................................................................................. 44

4. PROGRESS MADE BY CURRENT POLICIES AND MEASURES (PaMs) IN

REDUCING EMISSIONS AND IMPROVING AIR QUALITY, AND THE

DEGREE OF COMPLIANCE WITH NATIONAL AND UNION OBLIGATIONS,

COMPARED TO 2005 ............................................................................................. 56

4.1. PROGRESS MADE BY CURRENT PaMs IN REDUCING EMISSIONS, AND THE

DEGREE OF COMPLIANCE WITH NATIONAL AND UNION EMISSION

REDUCTION OBLIGATIONS ............................................................................ 56

4.2. PROGRESS MADE BY CURRENT PaMs IN IMPROVING AIR QUALITY, AND

THE DEGREE OF COMPLIANCE WITH NATIONAL AND UNION AIR

QUALITY OBLIGATIONS ................................................................................. 63

4.3. CURRENT TRANSBOUNDARY IMPACT OF NATIONAL EMISSION SOURCES

.......................................................................................................................... 79


5. PROJECTED FURTHER EVOLUTION ASSUMING NO CHANGE TO

ALREADY ADOPTED POLICIES AND MEASURES ............................................ 82

5.1. PROJECTED EMISSIONS AND EMISSION REDUCTIONS (WM SCENARIO) ... 91

5.1.1. METHODOLOGY AND MODELS AND KEY ASSUMPTIONS AND

PARAMETERS FOR PREPARATION OF PROJECTIONS (WM SCENARIO) ..... 96

5.1.2. SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF PROJECTIONS ................................................ 97

5.2. PROJECTED IMPACT ON IMPROVING AIR QUALITY (WM SCENARIO),

INCLUDING THE PROJECTED DEGREE OF COMPLIANCE ............................ 98

6. POLICY OPTIONS CONSIDERED TO COMPLY WITH THE EMISSION

REDUCTION COMMITMENTS FOR 2020, AND 2030, INTERMEDIATE

EMISSION LEVELS FOR 2025, AND STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION ........ 103

6.1. DETAILS CONCERNING THE PaMS CONSIDERED IN ORDER TO COMPLY

WITH THE EMISSION REDUCTION (REPORTING AT PaM LEVEL) (2.6.1) ... 103

6.2. IMPACTS ON AIR QUALITY AND THE ENVIRONMENT OF INDIVIDUAL

PAMS OR PACKAGES OF PAMS CONSIDERED IN ORDER TO COMPLY

WITH THE EMISSION REDUCTION COMMITMENTS (2.6.2) .......................... 114

6.3. ESTIMATION OF COSTS AND BENEFITS OF THE INDIVIDUAL PAM OR

PACKAGE OF PAMS CONSIDERED IN ORDER TO COMPLY WITH THE

EMISSION REDUCTION COMMITMENTS ........................................................ 114

6.4. ADDITIONAL DETAILS CONCERNING THE MEASURES FROM ANNEX III

PART 2 TO DIRECTIVE (EU) 2016/2284 TARGETING THE AGRICULTURAL

SECTOR TO COMPLY WITH THE EMISSION REDUCTION COMMITMENTS117

7. STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION .................................................................... 121

8. THE POLICIES SELECTED FOR ADOPTION BY SECTOR, INCLUDING A

TIMETABLE FOR THEIR ADOPTION, IMPLEMENTATION AND REVIEW

AND THE COMPETENT AUTHORITIES RESPONSIBLE .................................. 126

8.1. INDIVIDUAL PAMs OR PACKAGE OF PAMS SELECTED FOR ADOPTION

AND THE COMPETENT AUTHORITIES RESPONSIBLE ................................. 126

8.2. AN ASSESSMENT OF HOW SELECTED PAMS ENSURE COHERENCE WITH

PLANS AND PROGRAMMES SET UP IN OTHER RELEVANT POLICY AREAS130


9. PROJECTED COMBINED IMPACTS OF PAMS ('WITH ADDITIONAL

MEASURES' - WAM) ON EMISSION REDUCTIONS, AIR QUALITY AND THE

ENVIRONMENT AND THE ASSOCIATED UNCERTAINTIES .......................... 131

9.1. PROJECTED ATTAINMENT OF EMISSION REDUCTION COMMITMENTS ... 131

9.2. NON-LINEAR TRAJECTORY FOR EMISSION REDUCTIONS ......................... 135

9.3. THE USE OF FLEXIBILITIES .......................................................................... 137

9.4. PROJECTED IMPROVEMENT IN AIR QUALITY ............................................ 138

9.5. PROJECTED IMPACTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT ........................................... 139

9.6. METHODOLOGIES AND UNCERTAINTIES OF WAM POLICY OPTIONS ...... 140

9.7. MONITORING PROGRESS IN IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PAMS AND THE

NATIONAL AIR POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAMME ................................ 141

10. DISSEMINTION OF THE NATIONAL AIR POLLUTION PROGRAMMME ...... 144

LITERATURA ............................................................................................................. 146

APPENDIX 1. DESCRIPTION OF CURRENTLY APPLIED AND ADOPETED PAM's149

APPENDIX 2. INITIAL ASSUMPTIONS AND PARAMETERS FOR PROJECTIONS 168


POPIS TABLICA

Table 1-1: Emission ceilings for period up to 2020 according to the Article 5 of the NEC

Regulation ....................................................................................................................................... 3

Table 1-2: Table 5. from Annex I of the NEC Regulation ................................................................. 6

Table 4-1: Overview of adopted and applied PaMs whose impact is integrated into the scenario

with existing measures (WM scenario) .......................................................................................... 83

Table 4-2: Sensitivity analysis overview ........................................................................................ 97

Table 8-1: Overview of the sensitivtiy analysis ............................................................................ 140

Table P 2-1: Assumptions for projections – Energy and Transport .............................................. 168

Table P 2-2: Assumptions for projections – Industrial processes and use of solvents .................. 170

Table P 2-3: Assumptions for projections - agriculture ................................................................. 170

Table P 2-4: Assumptions for projections – waste management .................................................. 171

Table P 2-5: Parameters on projections – general economic parameters .................................... 172

Table P 2-6: Parameters on projections – energy sector: total fuel consumption, total electricity

generation, ‘with existing measures’ scenario .............................................................................. 172

Table P 2-7: Parameters on projections – energy sector: final energy consumption ................... 172

Table P 2-8: : Parameters on projections – weather parameters ................................................. 172

Table P 2-9: Parameters on projections – industry ...................................................................... 173

Table P 2-10: Parameters on projections – transport ................................................................... 173

Table P 2-11: Parameters on projections – agriculture ................................................................ 173

Table P 2-12: Parameters on projections – waste management .................................................. 174


POPIS SLIKA

Figure 4-1: Trend and projections of SO2 emissions for WM scenario ............................................. 93

Figure 4-2: Trend and projections of NOX emissions for WM scenario ............................................ 93

Figure 4-3: Trend and projections of NH3 emissions for WM scenario ............................................ 94

Figure 4-4: Trend and projections of NMVOC emissions for WM scenario ..................................... 94

Figure 4-5: Trend and projections of PM2,5 emissions for WM scenario .......................................... 95

Figure 4-6: Trend and projections of PM10 emissions for WM scenario........................................... 95

Figure 4-7: Emission Sensitivity Analysis for WM Scenario ............................................................. 97

Figure 8-1: Historic trend and projections of SO2 emissions for WM and WAM scenario ............. 131

Figure 8-2: Historic trend and projections of NOx emissions for WM and WAM scenario ............ 132

Figure 8-3: Historic trend and projections of NH3 emissions for WM and WAM scenario ............ 133

Figure 8-4: Historic trend and projections of NMVOC emissions for WM and WAM scenario ..... 133

Figure 8-5: Historic trend and projections of PM2,5 emissions for WM and WAM scenario .......... 134

Figure 8-6: Historic trend and projections of PM10 emissions for WM and WAM scenario .......... 134


LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

GDP Gross domestic product Bruto domaći proizvod

CLRTAP Convention on Long-Range

Transboundary Air Pollution

Konvencija o prekograničnom onečišćenju

zraka na velikim udaljenostima

CRF Common Reporting Format (UNFCCC) Tablični prikaz izračuna emisija prema

UNFCCC

CV Target value Ciljne vrijednosti

DDT Dihlor-difenil-trihloretan Diklor-difeniltri-kloretan

DHMZ Croatian Meteorological and

Hydrological Service Državni hidrometeorološki zavod

EEA European Environmental Agency Europska agencija za zaštitu okoliša

EIONET European Environment Information and

Observation Network

Europska informacijska i promatračka

mreža

EMEP

Protocol on Long-term Financing of the

Cooperative Programme for Monitoring

and Evaluation of the Long-range

Transmission of Air Pollutants in

Europe

Protokol o dugoročnom financiranju

Programa za praćenje i procjenu

prekograničnog prijenosa onečišćujućih

tvari u zraku na velike udaljenosti u Europi

ESD Effort Sharing Decision 406/2009/EZ Odluka 406/2009/EZ o podjeli napora

EU European Union Europska unija

EU ETS EU Emission Trading System Europski sustav trgovanja emisijama

stakleničkih plinova

FZOEU Environmental Protection and Energy

Efficiency Fund

Fond za zaštitu okoliša i energetsku

učinkovitost

GP Gothenburg protocol Gothenburški protokol

GT Tolerance limit Granica tolerantnosti

GV Limit values Granične vrijednosti

H2S Hydrogen sulfide Sumporovodik

HAOP

Croatian Agency for Environment and

Nature (until 31 December 2018 - from

1 January 2019 the Ministry took charge

of the Agency)

Hrvatska agencija za okoliš i prirodu

(do 31. 12. 2018. godine – od 1.1. 2019.

godine Ministasrstvo je preuzelo poslove

Agencije)

NECD National Emission Celing Directive Direktiva o gornjim granicama emisije za

pojedine atmosferske onečišćujuće tvari

NFR Nomenclature for Reporting (according

to LRTAP Konvenciju)

Format za izvještavanje emisija

onečišćujućih tvari prema LRTAP

Konvenciji

IIR Informative Inventory Report (according

to LRTAP Konvenciju)

Izvješće o proračunu emisija onečišćujućih

tvari (uz LRTAP Konvenciju)

IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

Change

Međuvladin panel o klimatskim

promjenama

JLS Local government unit Jedinica lokalne samouprave

LULUCF Land use, land use change and forestry Korištenje zemljišta, promjena korištenja

zemljišta i šumarstvo

NH3 Ammonia Amonijak

NMVOC Non-methane volatile organic

compounds Nemetanski hlapivi organski spojevi

NO2 Nitrogen dioxide Dušikov dioksid

O3 Ozone Ozon

P Appendix Prilog

PaM Policy and Measures Politike i mjere

Pb Lead Olovo


PM2,5 Particulate matter with aerodynamic

diameter less than 2,5 μm

Čestice aerodinamičnog promjera manjeg

od 2,5 μm

PM10 Particulate matter with aerodynamic

diameter less than 10 μm

Čestice aerodinamičnog promjera manjeg

od 10 μm

PPI average exposure indicator (AEI) prosječni pokazatelj izloženosti

RLS Regional Local Government Regionalna lokalna samouprava

SEAP Sustainable Energy Action Plan Akcijski plan energetski održivog razvitka

ESIP European structural and investment

funds

Strukturni i investicijski fondovi Europske

unije

SO2 Sulfur dioxide Sumporov dioksid

TERT Technical Expert Review Team tehnički stručni revizijski tim

UNECE United Nations Framework Convention

on Climate Change

Okvirna konvencija Ujedinjenih naroda o

promjeni klime

UTT Total suspended particles Ukupna taložna tvar

Zn Zinc Cink

MZOE Ministry of Environment and Energy Ministarstvo zaštite okoliša i energetike

MP Ministry of Agriculture Ministarstvo poljoprivrede

Note: The Law on Amendments to the Law on Organization and Scope of Ministries and other Central

Government Bodies (Official Gazette 116/18) and the Law on Amendments to the Law on

Environmental Protection (Official Gazette 118/18), the Croatian Agency for Environment and

Nature was abolished and professional and analytical activities of nature protection, environmental

protection, collecting and harmonizing data and information on the environment and nature for the

purpose of ensuring and monitoring the implementation of the environmental protection and

sustainable development policy are the responsibility of the Ministry of Environmental Protection

and Energy.


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1. REMARK

The Law on Amendments to the Law on Organization and Scope of Ministries and Other Central

Authorities of the State Administration (Official Gazette, No. 116/18) and the Law on Amendments

to the Environmental Protection Act (Official Gazette, No. 118/18) abolished the Croatian Agency

for environment and nature and expert and analytical tasks of nature protection and environmental

protection, as well as collecting and integrating data and information on environment and nature for

the purpose of ensuring and monitoring the implementation of environmental policy and sustainable

development are placed under the responsibility of the Ministry of Environment and Energy.

2. INTRODUCTION

In order to meet the obligation to reduce emissions of sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx),

non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC), ammonia (NH3) and fine particulate matter

(PM2.5) for the period from 2020 to 2029 and from 2030 onward also contributing to the achievement

of the objectives of limiting the anthropogenic emissions of certain air pollutants, in order to achieve

progress in achieving air quality levels that do not lead to significant negative effects and risks to

human health and the environment, the Air Pollution Control Program has been developed in

accordance with Article 20 of the Regulation on National Obligations to Reduce Emissions of Certain

Pollutants in Air in the Republic of Croatia (Official Gazette 76/18) (hereinafter: the NEC Regulation)

and the Guidelines for the Development and Implementation of National Control Programs Member

States' air pollution by the European Commission.

For the development of the Air Pollution Control Program, the available data sources provided in

Chapter 1.3 were used. The document structure combines the guidelines and Format of the European

Commission for drafting and implementing national air pollution control programmes (hereinafter

referred to as Format). The Format of the Program is defined by the Comission Implementing

Decision which laying down a common format for national air pollution control programmes1 (hereinafter referred to as the Implementation Decision NAPCP), as adopted by the European

Commission pursuant to Article 6 (10) of Directive No 2016/2284 of the European Parliament and of

the Council of 14 December 2016 on the reduction of national emissions of certain atmospheric

pollutants, amending Directive 2003/35/EC and repealing Directive 2001/81/EC (hereinafter the

NEC Directive). In accordance with Article 2 of the Implementing Decision NAPCP, Member States

are obliged to use the Common Format when reporting their national air pollution control programme

to the Commission in accordance with Article 10 (1) of the NEC Directive.

The Air Pollution Control Program contains more information in order to better understand the topic

and to fulfill the contractual obligations so the chapter numbering does not follow Format. Format

Tables are part of the chapters contained in the Air Pollution Control Program (Chapter 1.4), and their

original number, which represents a particular chapter of the common Format is retained, to help

readers for easily follow the content. Given the above, at the beginning of each chapter, there is also

the chapter number of the Format. It should be noted that all Formats tables are not mandatory and

may be optionally filled by Member States if they have available information that are requested.

Mandatory fields in Format are marked bold and with (M).

The Air Pollution Control Programme includes: an overview of the national air quality and pollution

policy framework, progress made by current policies and measures (hereinafter referred to as the

1 COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING DECISION (EU) 2018/1522 of 11 October 2018 laying down a common format for national air

pollution control programmes under Directive (EU) 2016/2284 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the reduction of

national emissions of certain atmospheric pollutants (notified under document C(2018) 6549)


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PaMs) in reducing emissions and improving air quality and degree of compliance with national and

European Union (EU) emission reduction obligations, an overview of projected further evolution

assuming no change to already adopted PaMs, possible policy options considered in order to comply

with the emission reduction commitments for 2020, and 2030, intermediate emission levels for 2025,

Public and stakeholder consultation, the policies selected for adoption by sector, including a timetable

for their adoption, implementation and review and the competent authorities responsible, projected

combined impacts of PaMs on emission reductions, air quality and the environment and the associated

uncertainties, financial resources and timeframe necessary for the implementation of PaMs.

The following is a brief introduction to the legal framework for the drafting the national air pollution

control programme, the aim and purpose of the programme and the available data sources that are

considered when drafting the NAPCP.

2.1. THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE PREPARATION OF NATIONAL AIR

POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAMME

The legal basis for the preparation of the National Air Pollution Control Program (hereinafter the

Programme) is the Law on Environmental Protection (Official Gazette No. 80/13, 153/13, 78/15,

12/18, 118/18), Law on Air Protection (Official Gazette No. 130/11, 47/14, 61/17, 118/18) and the

NEC Regulation.

The Republic of Croatia is a party to numerous international treaties, ie conventions and protocols,

including those relating to atmospheric pollution.

The 1979 Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP Convention) is a

framework agreement that Parties have committed to combating air pollution. Protocols are key assets

/ legal instruments for reducing air pollution. The LRTAP Convention has been extended by 8

protocols that contain concrete measures and legally binding targets for reduce air pollution, ie

pollutants - sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), volatile organic compounds (VOC), heavy

metals (HMs) and persistent organic pollutants (POPs).

The Republic of Croatia has also accepted the mentioned obligations as a party to the 1979

Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP Convention) (Official Gazette -

International Agreements, No. 12/93) and the Protocol to Abate Acidification, Eutrophication and

Ground-level Ozone ("the Gothenburg Protocol", hereinafter GP) (Official Gazette - International

Agreements, No. 07/08). The GP promotes an approach that takes into account the multi-effects of

multi-pollutants in order to prevent or to minimize exceeding the critical loads for acidification,

critical loads of nutrient nitrogen and critical levels of ozone for human health and vegetation. For

this purpose, the Protocol sets national emission ceilings, which each party must keep below the

defined value by 2010 and years after it, for the following pollutants: SO2, NOx, NH3 and VOC. In

the EU legislation and then in national legislation, the Protocol is mainly transposed by Directive

2001/80/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2001 on large combustion

plants and Directive 2001/81/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2001

on national emission ceilings for certain pollutants (old NEC Directive).

Given that the Amendments to the Protocol have been adopted, which include new emission reduction

commitments, in addition to the above mentioned pollutants also includ fine particlate matter (PM2.5).

At the EU level, an existing air protection policy has been improved with the aim to achieving air

quality levels that do not lead to significant adverse effects and risks to human health and the

environment so the NEC Directive (2016/2284/EU) was adopted.


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The new NEC Directive sets emission reduction commitments for five important air pollutants:

NMVOC, NH3, SO2, PM2.5 i NOx, applicable from 2020 to 2029 and from 2030 onwards to a certain

percentage (%) reduction compared with 2005, as base year on the basis of which the fulfillment of

the obligations are monitored.

It is also required that in 2025, a linear emission reduction trajectory be established, with certain

exemptions. The new NEC Directive has also assumed the commitments proposed in the amended

Protocol that were defined for achievement in 2010 and years after it. It is mentioned in the Article 5

of NEC Regulation, and set emission quotas for the period up to 2020 are shown in the Table 1-1.

Table 1-1: Emission ceilings for period up to 2020 according to the Article 5 of the NEC Regulation

Pollutant Emission ceilings

for 2010 and onwards

sulphur dioxide (SO2) 70 kt

nitrogen oxides (NOx) 87 kt

non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) 90 kt

ammonia (NH3) 30 kt

The Republic of Croatia is a party to the following Protocols to the LRTAP Convention: Protocol on

Long-term Financing of the Cooperative Programme for Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long-

range Transmission of Air Pollutants in Europe (Official Gazette - International Agreements, No.

12/93), Protocol on Further Reduction of Sulfur Emissions (Official Gazette - International

Agreements, No. 17/98 and 3/99), the Protocol on Heavy Metals (Official Gazette - International

Agreements, No. 05/07), Protocol on Persistent Organic Pollutants (Official Gazette - International

Agreements, No. 05/07), Protocol concerning the Control of Emissions of Volatile Organic

Compounds or their Transboundary Fluxes under the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air

Pollution from 1979 (Official Gazette No. 10/07), the Protocol concerning the Control of Nitrogen

Oxides or their Transboundary Fluxes (Narodne novine - Journal - International Treaties, No. 10/07).

The national emission reduction commitments are set in the NEC Regulation. The NEC Regulation

lays down certain air pollutants that cause adverse effects of acidification, eutrophication and

photochemical pollution, their emission ceiling ie. national emission reduction commitments for a

certain period in the Republic of Croatia and the methodology for emissions calculations. With the

NEC regulation in the legal order of the Republic of Croatia, the following EU directives were

transposed:

- Articles 1 and 4 of Directive 2001/81/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of

23 October 2001 on national emission ceilings for certain atmospheric pollutants (OJ L 309,

27.11.2001), as supplemented by the Council Directive Council Directive 2013/17/EU of 13

May 2013 adapting certain directives in the field of environment, by reason of the accession

of the Republic of Croatia (OJ L 158, 10.6.2013) and

- NEC Directive.

The aim of the NEC Regulation is to limit the anthropogenic emissions of certain air pollutants in

order to make progress in achieving air quality levels that do not lead to significant negative effects

and risks to human health and the environment.


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2.2. SCOPE AND AIM OF THE PROGRAMME

Air pollution represents a significant environmental risk especially in areas exposed to higher

concentrations of particles PM10 and PM2.5, ground-level ozone and other air pollutants (NH3,

NMVOC, SO2 and NOx). Pollutants can travel long distances and thus can affect the air quality,

human health and quality of life at the site of their primary emission source as well as away from it.

Contribution to air pollution is therefore very different for individual locations and cities, namely

somewhere is the largest contribution of local sources (those near to the recipient, eg road traffic),

and somewhere the contribution of emissions generated at the city or region level or those resulting

from tranbsboundary transmission.

To improve the air quality, a coordinated application of PaM is required at various levels;

internationally within conventions and protocols, then national programs and plans, local action plans

for improving air quality as well as other instruments.

In order to improve the air quality and fulfill the national on the reduction of national emissions of

certain atmospheric pollutants, it is necessary to draw up the first National Air Pollution Control

Programme and submit it to the European Commission. Every four years, or if necessary earlier

depending on the need for updating with respect to the fulfillment of obligations, the Air Pollution

Control Programme will be updated with the obligation for delivery of the new Air Pollution Control

Programme by 1st April 2023. Compliance with the obligations is reviewed during the annual reviews

of the Republic of Croatia Informative Inventory Reports which are submitted to the European

Commission for Environmental Protection.

The European Commission in the Implementation Decision NAPCP highlights the importance of the

National Air Pollution Control Programme (hereinafter: NAPCP):

- is the principal governance tool under Directive (EU) 2016/2284 supporting Member States to

plan their national PaMs with a view to complying with the national emission reduction

commitments laid down in that Directive for 2020 and 2030, contributes to achieving the air

quality objectives pursuant to Article 1(2) of that Directive, as well as to ensuring coherence

with plans and programmes set in other relevant policy areas, including climate, energy,

agriculture, industry and transport;

- facilitates mid-term and long-term planning, thereby enhancing predictability for stakeholders

while also supporting a shift of investments to clean and efficient technologies;

- contributes to improving the air quality and air quality management in the Member States by

requiring consultations with relevant bodies with responsibility for air pollution, quality and

management at all administrative levels prior adopting the Program; and the competent

authorities with responsibilities in the field of air pollution, quality and management are to be

consulted on the draft national air pollution control programmes and on any significant updates

prior to their finalisation.

- contributes to the successful implementation of air quality plans established under Article 23

of Directive 2008/50/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (CAFE Directive). To

that effect, Member States should take account of the need to reduce emissions, in particular of

nitrogen oxides and fine particulate matter, in zones and agglomerations affected by excessive

air pollutant concentrations and/or in those zones and agglomerations that contribute

significantly to air pollution in other zones and agglomerations, including in neighbouring

countries


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As pointed out in the Implementation Decision NAPCP and in the Commission's ʺSecond Report on

the State of the Energy Union2ʺ, Member States should develop their national energy and climate

plans, whenever possible, in parallel with their national air pollution control programmes to ensure

synergies and reduce implementation costs, since these plans rely to a large extent on similar

measures and actions.

For this purpose and in accordance with Annex I to the proposal of the Energy Regulatory Regulation

of 30 November 2016, which provides a general framework for integrated national energy and climate

plans, the impact of the PaMs contained in the said plans on emissions of atmospheric pollutants and

air quality.

The Implementation Decision NAPCP also emphasizes the importance of common Formate that

increases consistency with the reporting of PaMs under Union climate and energy policies.

For this purpose the common Format should be aligned where there are commonalities with reporting

obligations under Regulation (EU) No 525/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21

May 2013 on a mechanism for monitoring and reporting greenhouse gas emissions and for reporting

other information at national and Union level relevant to climate change and repealing Decision No

280/2004/EC3 and Commission Implementing Regulation No (EU) 749/20144 of 30 June 2014 on

structure, format, submission processes and review of information reported by Member States

pursuant to Regulation (EU) No 525/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council.

EC has prepared a report on "The First Clean Air Outlook" and a follow up analysis showing updated

emission reductions for the period up to 2030, and as well as possible additional support to Member

States in identifying cost-effective additional PaMs to meet emission reduction commitments for

2020 and 2030. "The First Clean Air Outlook" points out that, for the majority of atmospheric

pollutants regulated by the NEC Directive, the legislation on air pollution control at source is already

in force in EU or is in the process of adopting, which would substantially support the achievement of

national emissions reduction obligations, however ammonia is an exception at EU level; and

therefore an additional national PaM is required to achieve ammonia emission reduction

commitments. Therefore, national air pollution control programs should also include proportional

measures applied to the agricultural sector.

The purpose of the Program is to enable the following two goals to be met:

- meeting the emission reduction commitments for air pollutants SO2, NOx, NMVOC, PM2.5

and NH3 (table 1-2),

- by reducing emissions, contribute to progress in achieving air quality levels that do not lead

to significant negative impacts and risks to human health and the environment (objective from

Article 3 paragraph 1 of the NEC Regulation).

Pursuant to Article 19 (7) of the NEC Regulation as well as in accordance with Article 6 (5) of the

NEC Directive and Annex I to Directive 2003/35 / EC of the European Parliament and of the Council

of 26 May 2003 ensuring public participation in relation with the preparation of certain plans and

programs relating to the environment5, the Ministry (MEE) had conducted public consultation on the

2 COM(2017) 53 final of 1 February 2017, p. 14 3 OJ L 165, 18.6.2013, p. 13 4 OJ L 203, 11.7.2014, p. 23 5 Direktiva 2003/35/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCILof 26 May 2003 providing for public

participation in respect of the drawing up of certain plans and programmesrelating to the environment and amending with regard to

public participation and access to justice Council Directives 85/337/EEC and 96/61/EC


6

draft of the National Air Pollution Control Program and on any significant updates prior to it

finalisation and adoption by the Government of the Republic of Croatia.

Table 1-2: Table 5. from Annex I of the NEC Regulation

2.3. AVAILABLE DATA SOURCE

Available data source used for drafting National Air Pollution Controle Programme (among others)

are following:

- The Plan for the protection of air, ozone layer and climate change mitigation in the Republic

of Croatia for the 2013 – 2017 period

- An overview of air quality in the Republic of Croatia based on the "Air Quality Assessment

in the Republic of Croatia for the period 2011-2015 according to Directive

2008/50/EC“ (DHMZ 2017);

- Biennial Report for the period from 2013 to 2015 on the fulfillment of obligations under the

Plan for the protection of air, ozone layer and climate change mitigation in the Republic of

Croatia for the 2013 – 2017 period (CAEN);

- Action Plans for Improving the Air Quality of the Cities Zagreb, Osijek, Sisak, Kutina,

Rijeka, Slavonski Brod

- Programme for gradual reduction of emissions for certain pollutants in the Republic of.

Croatia for the period until the end of 2010 with emission projections for the period from

2010 to 2020 (Official Gazette, No. 152/09)

- Environmental Pollution Register Reports, CAEN;

- A Roadmap for moving to a competitive low carbon economy in 2050 (COM (2011) 112

final);

- Energy Roadmap 2050 (COM( 2011) 885/2);

- A policy framework for climate and energy in the period from 2020 to 2030 (COM (2014)

15 final), Impact Assesment, Policy summary of UK analysis on EU 2030 targets;

- Seventh national communication of the Republic of Croatia under UNFCCC, 2018;

- Third National Action Plan for Energy Efficiency (2014);

Emission reduction commitments for the Croatia and EU for sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), non-

methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC), ammonia (NH3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5).

The reduction commitments have the year 2005 as base year, and for road transport, apply to emissions calculated

on the basis of fuels sold.

SO2 reduction compared with

2005

NOx reduction compared with

2005

NMVOC reduction compared

with 2005

For any year

from 2020 to

2029

For any year

from 2030

For any year

from 2020 to

2029

For any year

from 2030

For any year

from 2020 to

2029

For any year

from 2030

Croatia 55% 83% 31% 57% 34% 48%

EU 59% 79% 42% 63% 28% 40%

NH3 reduction compared with 2005 PM2.5 reduction compared with 2005

For any year

from 2020 to

2029

For any year from 2030

For any year

from 2020 to

2029

For any year from 2030

Croatia 1% 25% 18% 55%

EU 6% 19% 22% 49%


7

- National Action Plan for Renewable Energy Sources by 2020;

- latest submitted reports on emission inventories for greenhouse gases and certain air

pollutants in the Republic of Croatia, CAEN;

- latest submitted reports fin emission projections for greenhouse gas and certain air

pollutants in the Republic of Croatia, MEE;

- PaMs Effect Report;

- The technical basis for the development of low carbon strategy for Croatia for the period

until 2030 with an outlook to 2050, the Green Book, 2015/2017 (MEE);

- The technical basis for the development of low carbon strategy for Croatia for the period

until 2030 with an outlook to 2050, the White Book, 2015/2017 (MEE);

- The Intergovernmental Panel 2006 Guidelines on Climate Change;

- Transitional national plan pursuant to Directive 2010/75/EU of the European parliament and

of the Council of 24 November 2010 on industrial emissions, June 2013;

The basic document used as the basis for the preparation of the Programme is The technical basis for

the development of the National Air Pollution Control Programme, 2018. (EKONERG Ltd.).

The technical basis for the development of the National Air Pollution Control Programme included

an overview of the national air quality and pollution policy framework, progress made by current

PaMs in reducing emissions and improving air quality, a degree of compliance with national and

European Union (EU) emission reduction commitments, an overview of projected further evolution

assuming no change to already adopted PaMs, possible policy options considered in order to comply

with the emission reduction commitments for 2020, and 2030, intermediate emission levels for 2025,

the policies selected for adoption by sector, including a timetable for their adoption, implementation

and review and the competent authorities responsible, projected combined impacts of PaMs on

emission reductions, air quality and the environment and the associated uncertainties, and financial

resources and timeframe necessary for the implementation of PaMs.


8

3. THE NATIONAL AIR QUALITY AND POLLUTION POLLICY

FRAMEWORK

3.1. A BRIEF OVERVIEW ON THE SITUATION IN RELATION TO THE VALID

PROGRAMME

The Government of the Republic of Croatia, in accordance with Article 5, paragraph 2 of the

Regulation on emission ceilings for certain air pollutants in the Republic of Croatia (Official Gazette,

No. 141/08), adopted in 2009 a Programme for gradual reduction of emissions for certain pollutants

in the Republic of Croatia for the period until the end of 2010 with emission projections for the period

from 2010 to 2020 (Official Gazette, No. 152/09) (hereinafter: Programme 2010-2020). The

mentioned Programme 2010-2020 was adopted on the basis of the Protocol to Abate Acidification,

Eutrophication and Ground-level Ozone under the 1979 Convention on Long-range Transboundary

Air Pollution (Official Gazette - International Agreements, No. 4/08), the Protocol on Heavy Metals

under the 1979 Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (Official Gazette -

International Agreements, No. 5/07) and the Regulation on Emission Ceilings for Certain Air

Pollutants in the Republic of Croatia which prescribe certain air pollutants that cause adverse effects

of acidification, eutrophication and photochemical pollution, their emission ceiling for a given period

in the Republic of Croatia and the methodology for annual emissions calculations.

Numerous improvements of EU legislation have been made since 2009, such as the revision of the

Protocol to Abate Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground-level Ozone under the 1979 Convention

on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution from May 2012. In 2013, the Republic of Croatia

became a member of the EU, thus taking on new international commitments. Consequently, there

was a need to upgrade the Programme 2010-2020, which has been done.

In 2015, a Programme for gradual reduction of emissions for certain pollutants in the Republic of

Croatia with emission projections to 2020, 2025 and 2030 with a view to 2050 (hereinafter the

Programme 2010-2020 + 2050), legal basis for its preparation was Article 7 of the Regulation on

emission ceilings for certain air pollutants in the Republic of Croatia. With the Programme 2010-

2020 + 2050, emission projections were prepared for SO2, NOx, NH3, NMVOC, PM10, PM2,5 and

CH4 for 2020, 2025, 2030, with a view to 2050. The projections were prepared in accordance with

the EMEP/EEA guidebook 2013. The levels of activity dana for 2012, derive from the official

national data set for all sectors: The Republic of Croatia Informative Inventory Report 2015 (1990 -

2013) (IIR 2015).

Sources of activity data, parameters and assumptions for the air pollutants emission projections are

identical to those used for greenhouse gas emission projections. Projections were prepared for the

with measure (WM) and with additional measure (WAM) scenario according to which, two scenarios

were considered, namely the gradual transition to the low-carbon economy (NU1) and a strong

transition to the low-carbon economy (NU2) scenario.


9

3.2. POLICY PRIORITIES AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO PRIORITIES SET IN

OTHER RELEVANT POLICY AREAS

This chapter corresponds to chapter 2.3. „The national air quality and pollution policy framework“,

of the Formate.

The national emission reduction commitments and air pollutants emission ceilings are set by the NEC

Regulation. The NEC Regulation stipulates the national emission reduction commitments for a given

period in the Republic of Croatia and the methodology for emission calculation for certain air

pollutants that cause the adverse effects of acidification, eutrophication and photochemical pollution,

their emission ceilings respectively, the main goal of the NEC Regulation is to limit the anthropogenic

emissions of certain air pollutants, in order to make progress in achieving air quality levels that do

not lead to significant adverse effects and risks to human health and the environment.

The NEC Regulation also contributes to:

– air quality objectives established by a positive national regulation which regulates air pollutant

levels and progress towards the long-term EU goal of achieving air quality in accordance with

air quality guidelines published by the World Health Organization,

– EU objectives in the area of biodiversity and ecosystems in accordance with the Seventh

Environmental Action Program and ciljevima EU u području bioraznolikosti i ekosustava u

skladu sa Sedmim programom djelovanja za okoliš i

– strengthening synergies between EU policies related to air quality and other relevant EU

policies, in particular climate and energy policies.

The total national emission ceilings that are valid until 2020, as listed in Table 1-1 are:

– sulphur dioxide (SO2): 70 kt

– nitrogen oxides (NOx): 87 kt

– non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs): 90 kt

– ammonia (NH3): 30 kt.

The Republic of Croatia has also accepted this commitments as a party to the 1979 Convention on

Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP Convention) (Official Gazette - International

Agreements, No. 12/93) and the Protocol to Abate Acidification, Eutrophication and Ground-Level

Ozone (Official Gazette - International Treaties, No. 4/08).

The Republic of Croatia and EU commitments to reduce emissions for certain air pollutants sulfur

dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC),

ammonia (NH3) and fine particulate matter (PM2,5) from 2020 to 2029 and from 2030 onwards are

given in Table 1-2 as well as the part of the following table which is a mandatory table of the Format

2.3.1. Policy priorities and their relationship to priorities set in other relevant policy areas (M).

The base year for the review and control of the emission reduction commitment is 2005, and for road

transport the emissions calculated on the basis of the fuel sold are applied.

Table 2.3.1. which is part of the mandatory reporting format under the Implementation Decision

NAPCP, provides a list of priority policies and their correlation with the priorities set in other relevant

policy areas.


10

2.3.1 Policy priorities and their relationship to priorities set in other relevant policy areas (M)

The national

emission

reduction

commitments

compared with

2005 base year

(in %) (M)

SO2 NOx NMVOC NH3 PM2,5

2020-2029 (M): 55% 31% 34% 1% 18%

From 2030 (M): 83% 57% 48% 25% 55%

The air quality

priorities:

national policy

priorities related

to EU or national

air quality

objectives (incl.

limit values and

target values, and

exposure

concentration

obligations) (M)

The national air protection policy is defined by - the Plan for the protection of air, ozone

layer and climate change mitigation in the Republic of Croatia for the 2013 – 2017 period

(Official Gazette 139/13).

Relevant national priority objectives related to air quality are:

C1. Prevention or gradual reduction of air pollution in order to protect human

health, quality of life and the environment as a whole.

C2. Improvement of the complete air quality management system and air quality

monitoring on the territory of the Republic of Croatia.

For objectives C1 and C2, a number of measures for monitoring and assessing air quality in

the territory of the Republic of Croatia are linked that are are related to the requirements of

the CAFE Directive (see section 3.2).

The fulfillment of CAFE Directive obligations is described below:

- the demarcation of the state on zones and agglomerations was established,

- monitoring station locations and monitoring program in the state network for

permanent air quality monitoring (in accordance with CAFE Directive standards)

have been established,

- in the annual air quality reports, the classification of zones and agglomerations

according to levels of pollution with regard to the protection of human health and

the classification according to levels of contamination with regard to the protection

of vegetation is published.

Air quality monitoring in the Republic of Croatia is carried out in accordance with the

articles Articles 27, 31, 32 and 33 of the Low on Air Protection (Official Gazette 130/11,

47/14, 61/17, 118/18) (hereinafter: ZOZZ) through the state network for monitoring air

quality and the local cities, counties and polluters networks.

With the Plan for the protection of air, ozone layer and climate change mitigation in the

Republic of Croatia for the 2013 – 2017 period (Official Gazette 139/13) following

measures are proposed to achieve compliance with EU legislation in terms of air quality

monitoring and conformity assessment with air quality objectives:

MPR-2 Adoption of a new regulation on zoning and agglomeration by air pollution

levels.

MPR-3 Adoption of a new regulation on the establishment the locations of

measurement stations in the state network for permanent air quality monitoring and

a list of pollutant concentration monitoring stations for mutual exchange of

information and reporting on the assessment and management of air quality.

MPR-4 Adoption of a new pollution monitoring program at state network stations for

permanent air quality monitoring.

MPR-5 Improvement of the air quality monitoring system at the national network

stations and assurance of measurement and data quality.

MOZ-1 Create a pollutant emission register required for air quality models in the

assessment of pollution with ground-level ozone from which follows MPR-11

Creation of pollution emission register for small and diffuse sources with spatial

distribution in EMEO high resolution network.


11

Zones and aglomerations for air quality monitoring

With the Regulation on the determination of zones and agglomerations by levels of air

pollution on the territory of the Republic of Croatia (Official Gazets, No. 1/14) 6 , the

coverage of 5 zones and 4 agglomerations was established as shown in the following picture

and the tables with indication of mark, name and coverage of zones and agglomerations:

On the base of the Assessment of ambient air quality at the territory of the Republic of

Croatia for the period 2006-2010 according to EU Directive 2008/50/EC, with the

Regulation on the determination of zones and agglomerations by levels of air pollution on

the territory of the Republic of Croatia (Official Gazets, No. 1/14), Croatia was divided into

5 zones and 4 agglomerations.

In November 2017, the the Assessment of ambient air quality at the territory of the Republic

of Croatia for the period 2011-2015 was made (available at

http://iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/datoteka?id=74786) according to which there was no proposed

change in the spatial coverage of zones and agglomerations.

6 Mentioned Regulation repeal the Regulation on the determination of areas and populated areas by air quality categories (OG, No.

68/2008) by which the territory of the Republic of Croatia was divided into 7 zones and 6 agglomerations (Zagreb, Rijeka, Split, Osijek,

Sisak and Kutina).


12

By confirming the existing division of territories into zones and agglomerations it is

considered that MPR-2 Adoption of a new regulation on zoning and agglomeration by air

pollution levels, has been realized.

List of zones in the Republic of Croatia

ZONE NAME COVERAGE

HR 1 Continental

Croatia

Osječko-baranjska county (without

aglomeration HR OS)

Požeško-slavonska county

Virovitičko-podravska county

Vukovarsko-srijemska county

Bjelovarsko-bilogorska county

Koprivničko-križevačka county

Krapinsko-zagorska county

Međimurska county

Varaždinska county

Zagrebačka county (without

aglomeration HR ZG)

HR 2 Industrial zone Brodsko-posavska county

Sisačko-moslavačka county

HR 3

Lika, Gorski

kotar and

Primorje

Ličko-senjska county

Karlovačka county

Primorsko-goranska county (without

aglomeration HR RI)

HR 4 Istria Istarska county

HR 5 Dalmatia

Zadarska county

Šibensko-kninska county

Splitsko-dalmatinska county (without

aglomeration HR ST),

Dubrovačko-neretvanska county

List of aglomerations in the Republic of Croatia

AGLOMERATION NAME COVERAGE

HR ZG Zagreb

City of Zagreb, City of

Dugo Selo, City of

Samobor, City of Sveta

Nedjelja, City of Velika

Gorica, City of Zaprešić

HR OS Osijek City of Osijek

HR RI Rijeka

City of Rijeka, City of

Bakar, City of Kastav, City

of Kraljevica, City of

Opatija, Municipality

Viškovo, Municipality

Čavle, Municipality

Jelenje, Municipality

Kostrena, Municipality

Klana, Municipality

Matulji, Municipality

Lovran, Municipality

Omišalj


13

HR ST Split

City of Split, City of

Kaštela, City of Solin, City

of Trogir, Municipality

Klis, Municipality

Podstrana, Municipality

Seget

Classification of zones and agglomeration by levels of pollution

On the base of the Assessment of ambient air quality at the territory of the Republic of

Croatia for the period 2011-2015, the Assesment of ambient air quality for period 2006 -

2010 (DHMZ, 2012), the Regulation on the determination of zones and agglomerations

according to the levels of air pollution in the territory of the Republic of Croatia with the

classification of zones and agglomerations according to the levels of pollution for each

pollutant in relation to the upper and lower estimate / long term goal with respect to the

protection of human health and with regard to the protection of vegetation was adopted.

Classification of zones and agglomeration according to levels of pollution with regard to the

protection of human health

Zones and

aglomerations

The level of air pollution by pollutants with regard to the protection of

human health

SO2 NO2 PM10

Benzen,

benzo

(a)piren

Pb,As,

Cd,Ni CO O3 Hg

HR ZG < DPP > GPP > GPP < GPP < DPP < DPP > DC <

GV

HR OS < DPP < GPP > GPP < GPP < DPP < DPP > DC <

GV

HR RI > GPP < GPP > GPP < DPP < DPP < DPP > DC <

GV

HR ST > GPP > GPP < GPP < DPP < DPP < DPP > DC <

GV

HR 1 < GPP < DPP < GPP < DPP < DPP < DPP > DC <

GV

HR 2 < GPP < DPP < GPP < GPP < DPP < DPP > DC <

GV

HR 3 < DPP < GPP < GPP < DPP < DPP < DPP > DC <

GV

HR 4 < DPP < DPP < GPP < DPP < DPP < DPP > DC <

GV

HR 5 < DPP < DPP < GPP < DPP < DPP < DPP > DC <

GV

Classification of zones and agglomeration according to levels of air pollution with regard to

vegetation protection

Zone

Level of air pollution with regard to vegetation

protection

SO2 NOx AOT40 parametar

HR 1 < DPP < GPP > DC

HR 2 < GPP < GPP > DC




The meaning of the abbreviations used in the tables is as follows:

DPP – the lower assessment threshold,

GPP – upper assessment threshold,

DC – long-term goal for ground-level ozone,

GV – limit value.


14

For the pollution assessment in areas where levels of pollution are greater than the upper

assessment threshold (> GPP), it is mandatory to carry out the measurements. In areas where

levels of pollution are between the upper and lower assessment thresholds (<GPP and >DPP)

measurement data may be supplemented by modeling data or indicative measurements. In

areas where pollutant levels are <DPP, the technique of objective estimation can be used.

Locations and Measurement Program in the State Network for Air Quality Monitoring

Locations and measurement program in the national network for air quality monitoring are

prescribed by the Regulation on the establishment of the list of measurement points for

monitoring over the concentration of certain pollutants in the air and location of monitoring

stations in the national network for permanent air quality monitoring (Official Gazette, No.

65/16) and the Regulation on the program of measuring the level of air pollution in the

national network for permanent air quality monitoring (Official Gazette, No. 73/16) 7.

The state network is in the process of modernization and in some areas in the period

2013-2017 expanded the scope of the measure to achieve the scope prescribed by the

Regulation.

Ambient air quality assessment on the territory of the Republic of Croatia 2011-2015

In 2017 a new ambient air quality assessment was proposed, proposing a higher

number of measurement points and extension of the national network measurement

program for permanent air quality monitoring.

Below are the conclusions from the Ambient air quality assessment on the territory of Croatia

2011-2015, DHMZ, November 2017:

SO2

- The quality criteria for the protection of human health and vegetation protection are

met in all zones and agglomerations.

- Upper assesment threshold for human health protection exceeded in zone HR02.

- Upper assesment threshold for vegetation protection exceeded in all zones.

NO2

- The limit value of the mean annual concentration has been exceeded at the Zagreb-

1 station and it is necessary to continue on that station with the measurement of

nitrogen dioxide.

- All zones are below the upper estimate threshold for vegetation protection.

- Upper assesment threshold given the concentration values exceeded in the

agglomeration Zagreb (Zagreb-1) and lower assesment threshold in the

agglomeration Osijek (Osijek-1).

- Upper assesment threshold given the mean annual values of concentrations

exceeded in agglomeration Zagreb (Zagreb-1).

PM10

- The average annual limit value was exceeded in agglomerations Zagreb and Osijek

and in zone HR 02 (Sisak-1, Kutina-1, Slavonski Brod-2).

- The number of days due to the average daily value was exceeded in the

agglomerations Zagreb and Osijek and in zone HR 02 (Sisak-1, Kutina-1, Slavonski

Brod-2) and in 2011 in zone HR 01 (Zoljan).

- Lower and upper assesment thresholds were exceeded in zones HR 01 (Kopacki rit)

and HR 02 (Kutina, Sisak) and in agglomerations Zagreb, Osijek and Rijeka and

lower assesment threshold in zone HR 04.

- Average annual limit value was exceeded in agglomerations Zagreb and Osijek and

in zone HR 02 (Sisak-1, Kutina-1, Slavonski Brod-2) .

7 Previous regulation were: Regulation on the establishment of the list of measurement points for monitoring over the concentration of

certain pollutants in the air and location of monitoring stations in the national network for permanent air quality monitoring (OG 22/14) and the Regulation on the program of measuring the level of air pollution in the national network for permanent air quality monitoring

(OG 103/14, cor. 117/14).


15

- The number of days due to the average daily value was exceeded in the

agglomerations Zagreb and Osijek, in zone HR 02 (Sisak-1, Kutina-1, Slavonski

Brod-2) and in 2011 in zone HR 01 (Zoljan).

- Lower and upper assesment thresholds were exceeded in zones HR 01 (Kopački rit)

and HR 02 (Kutina, Sisak) and in the agglomerations of Zagreb, Osijek and Rijeka

and the lower assesment threshold in zone HR 04.

PM2,5

- Limit values and tolerant values were exceeded in Slavonski Brod-1 station.

- Upper assesment threshold was exceeded at the Slavonski Brod-1 station, and the

lower assesment threshold in Kopački rit.

O3

- The target value of ground-level ozone (120 μgm-3) was exceeded in zones HR 01,

HR 03, HR 04 and HR 05 and agglomerations Zagreb and Rijeka

- Parameter AOT40 was exceeded in zones HR 01, HR 03, HR 04 and HR 05 and

agglomerations Zagreb and Rijeka.

C6H6

- The limit value of the mean annual concentration was exceeded at the Sisak-1

station.

- Lower assesment threshold of mean annual concentration was exceeded in zone

HR02.

H2S

- Permit number of exceedances for hourly limit value was exceeded in Sisak and

Slavonski Brod and on the local station Zagreb-Jakuševac (the quality of life

conditions are impaired).

- Permit daily excedence of daily limit values was exceeded in Slavonski Brod and

on the local station Zagreb-Jakuševac (quality of life conditions jeopardized).

NH3

- Permit number of exceedances for daily limit value was exceeded in Kutina

(conditions of quality of life are impaired).

B(a)P

- Mean annual concentration values were exceeded at stations Zagreb-1, Zagreb-3,

Slavonski Brod-1 and Sisak-1.

- The upper estimate threshold was exceeded at Zagreb-1 and Sisak-1 stations.

AEI – Average Exposure Indicator for PM2,5 concentrations

The Average Exposure Indicator expressed in μg m-3 is based upon measurements in urban

background locations in zones and agglomerations throughout the territory of a state and is

used to check if national exposure reduction target is met. It should be assessed as a three-

calendar year running annual mean concentration averaged over all measurement points

established pursuant to special regulation. AEI for the reference year 2015 is the mean

concentration of years 2013, 2014 and 2015 is 20.6 μg m-3 and is higher than the required

exposure level for 2015, which is 20 μg m-3.

Zones and aglomerations

In the Ambient air quality assessment 2011-2015 was proposed to maintain the spatial

distribution of zones and agglomerations in accordance with the Regulation determining the

zones and agglomerations according to levels of air pollution on Croatian territory, because

the conditions for delimitation with regard to air quality have not changed.

Minimum number of measuring stations for permanent air quality monitoring

One of the criteria for deciding on the need to extend the measurement network is the

pollution level analysis in relation to the estimation thresholds. Summary of the analysis of

the level of pollution compared to the estimation thresholds for the period 2011-2015 is

shown by the pollutants in the tables below.


16

Assessment of pollution level in relation to assessment thresholds for human health for the

period 2011-2015 by measurement points of the state network for the continuous monitoring

of air quality according to zones and agglomerations (in the zones with no measurement, the

model results were applied).

Assessment of pollution level in relation to assessment thresholds for human health in the

period 2011-2015 by the measurement points of the state network for the continuous

monitoring of air quality according to zones and agglomerations relating to arsenic,

cadmium, mercury, nickel and polycyclic hydrocarbons in ambient air.

Assessment of contamination levels by critical vegetation levels in the period 2011-2015 by

measurement sites of the state network for permanent air quality monitoring according to

zones. Critical vegetation levels do not apply to agglomeration areas (in the zones without

measurement the model results are applied).


17

The Assessment identified the need to increase the scope of measurement in the national grid

for permanent air quality monitoring.

In zone HR 01 there is one measurement point for PM2.5 and one for PM10 since the upper

assessment threshold (GGP) has been exceeded in Kopački rit. Although this non-compliant

only appeared in 2015, the number of measurement points should be increased in order to

meet the criteria of Annex V to Directive 2008/50/EC. It should be noted here that there was

no GGP excedance in this zone between 2006 and 2010 and appears as a new commitment

for the period 2016 - 2020.

In agglomeration HR OS, there is also a lack of measurement point (urban background

location) to be established in the period 2018-2021, through the project of modernizing the

state network.

In agglomeration HR ZG GGP for benzene is exceeded, followed by the need to establish

two additional benzene measurement points in the upcoming period from 2016 to 2020,

which will be ensured through the modernization of the state network. According to the

results of ground-level ozone measurement, the criterion of number of measurement point

was not met. Although there are measurements at urban background location in Velika

Gorica and at urban background location Zagreb-03, measurement data do not have a

satisfactory coverage, so this problem needs to be resolved to avoid non-compliant.

According to the Regulation on number of measurement points, the formal criterion was met

(2 measurement points) but given the criterion of data coverage, only one measurement point

meets this criterion. In addition, in zone HR ZG the establishment of another urban

background location is planned in the period 2018 - 2020, so it is expected that this zone will

not be non-compliant in the future with respect to ground-level ozone. Furthermore, in HR

ZG is non-compliant with respect to benzo(a)pyrene (BaP). Values exceed GGP, so that in

the period from 2018 to 2020, concentrations of floating particlate matter should be analyzed

at another measurement point.

The following table shows the minimum number of measurement points for monitoring of

certain air pollutants that need to be established in accordance with the new Ambient air

quality assessment


18

The measurement site for the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOC) on the territory

of the Republic of Croatia has, so far, not been established yet, but is planned for

modernization of the state network (2018-2021).

Concerning the implementation of measures: MPR-3 Adoption of a new regulation on the

establishment the locations of measurement stations in the state network for permanent air

quality monitoring and a list of pollutant concentration monitoring stations for mutual

exchange of information and reporting on the assessment and management of air quality,

MPR-4 Adoption of a new pollution monitoring program at state network stations for

permanent air quality monitoring, and MPR-5 Improvement of the air quality monitoring

system at the national network stations and assurance of measurement and data quality in

2017, a new Regulation and Program were adopted as precondition for the granting of grants

from structural funds for the realization of the project "Improvement and Modernization of

state network for air quality monitoring – AIRQ".

Concerning the realisation of measure MOZ-1 Create a pollutant emission register required

for air quality models in the assessment of pollution with ground-level ozone from which

follows MPR-11 Creation of pollution emission register for small and diffuse sources with

spatial distribution in EMEO high resolution network, a complete register of air pollutant

emissions for small and diffuse sources with spatial distribution in the EMEP high resolution

grid (Chapter 6 of the Plan, preventive measure - MPR-11) was developed.

The results of the measure implementation are available at: https://emep.haop.hr/. The

results give a spatially disaggregated pollutant emissions in the territory of the Republic of

Croatia in the EMEP grid resolution of 0.1°x0.1° (long-lat) for state and zones and in

resolution 500 m x 500 m (long-lat) for agglomerations. Realization of this measure provides

detailed emission data for modeling air quality on a high resolution scale.

Relevant climate

change and

energy policy

priorities (M)

In the first binding period of the Kyoto Protocol, the Republic of Croatia accepted the

individual emission reduction commitment by 5% and fulfilled its obligation. In the second

binding period, from 2013 to 2020, the Republic of Croatia has accepted the obligation to

reduce emissions by 20% compared to the 1990 level as EU joint commitment to reduce the

EU by UNFCCC (Doha Amendment [1]).

The Republic of Croatia, according to the allocation of emission reduction commitments

within the EU, as set out in Decision 406/2009 / EC on the allocation of effort (hereinafter

referred to as ESD), may increase emissions by 2020 by ESD sectors by 11% compared to

2005.

The National Climate Change Policy is stipulated by the Law on Air Protection (Official

Gazette No. 130/11, 47/14, 61/17, 118/18) in Chapter VIII. Monitoring of greenhouse gas

emissions and measures to mitigate and adapt to climate change.

Climate change mitigation is achieved through the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions

through the implementation of the Low Carbon Development Strategy of the Republic of

Croatia, planning documents, gradual limitation of emission allowances to tradable entities,


19

measures in all sectors of emission sources, the use of flexible mechanisms of the Kyoto

Protocol and other measures that contribute to mitigation climate change (Article 74 of the

Air Protection Act). Adaptation to climate change is done by implementing adjustment

measures in sectors that are exposed to climate change impacts. The objectives and priorities

for the implementation of climate change adjustment measures have been proposed by the

Draft Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change with the Action Plan.

Within climate change policy, the following are made:

- Draft of the Low Carbon Development Strategy of the Republic of Croatia for the

period up to 2030 with the view of 2050, White Book, May 2017 (MEE),

- Draft of the Climate Change Adjustment Strategy in the Republic of Croatia for the

period up to 2040 with a view to 2070, White Book, September 2017 (MEE).

For these draft strategies, public consultations have been carried out including a strategic

environmental and ecological impact assessment.

The objectives set out in the Draft Low Educational Development Strategy are as follows:

- achieving sustainable development based on knowledge and competitive economy

with low carbon levels and efficient resource use. Increasing employment in the

growing sectors of the economy and the 'green' economy, encouraging regional and

rural development, fostering innovation and technological development, fostering

education, lifelong learning and specialization for the low-carbon economy,

contributing to social inclusion;

- increasing security of energy supply, sustainability of energy supply, increased

availability of energy and reducing energy dependence;

- solidarity by fulfilling the Republic of Croatia's obligations under international

agreements within the EU policy as part of our historical responsibility and

contribution to global goals;

- reducing air pollution and impact on health.

The objectives set out in the Draft Climate Change Adaptation Strategy are as follows:

- reducing the vulnerability of social and natural systems to the negative impacts of

climate change, strengthening their resistance and the ability to recover from these

impacts (long-term goal);

- gathering all relevant institutional, political, economic and social stakeholders to

create strong support for the implementation of joint actions on the implementation

of adjustment measures;

- Integration of the adjustment process, including the implementation of measures,

existing and new policies, programs, plans and other activities implemented at all

levels of governance;

- raise awareness of the importance of climate change and the inability to initiate the

adjustment process in all social segments, which are also the main beneficiaries of

the positive effects of the climate change adaptation process.

The Plan for the air protection, ozone layer and mitigation of climate change in the Republic

of Croatia for the period from 2013 to 2017 defined the general objective of national policy

related to climate change: C4. Reducing and limiting emissions of greenhouse gases and

substances that damage the ozone layer and maintain the level of greenhouse gases.

The Energy Development Strategy of the Republic of Croatia (Official Gazette 130/09) sets

targets for renewable energy sources and energy efficiency. Operational implementation of

the targets is established through the action plans for the use of renewable energy sources

and energy efficiency, which are reported to the European Commission.

The indicative target for limiting total energy consumption in the Republic of Croatia by

2020 is 11.15 Mtoe, 7.0 Mtoe for final energy consumption. For the 2030, at EU level, the

emission reduction is at least 40% lower compared to 1990. This will be done by reducing

the emissions in ETS by 43% compared to 2005 and in the sectors outside the ETS by 30%

compared to 2005. As a result, the Republic of Croatia has reduced emissions in ESD by 7%

compared to 2005.

Relevant policy

priorities in

relevant policy

Relevant policy goals in agriculture


20

areas, incl.

agriculture,

industry and

transport (M)

The Rural Development Program of the Republic of Croatia for the period 2014-2020 is the

basic document for rural development policy implementation and includes all programs and

support measures for rural development and defines relevant policy goals in agriculture.

Another valid document that aligns national with EU goals is the National Action Plan of

the Republic of Croatia for Sustainable Use of Pesticides 2013 - 2023.

The Rural Development Program defines 18 measures aimed at increasing the

competitiveness of Croatian agriculture and improving living and working conditions in

rural areas. The measures are further subdivided into subchapters and subtracted to

operations aimed at achieving precisely defined goals.

The most important general objectives of operations from the Rural Development Program

relevant to the issue of air pollution control or indirectly to reduce emissions of pollutants

arising from agricultural practices can be summarized as follows:

Counseling and Vocational Training for Multiple Compliance, a package of

measures for agriculture, environment and climate change, ecological farming.

Restructuring, modernization and increased competitiveness of agricultural

holdings through battalion investments in ecological primary agriculture and

processing of agricultural products (eg investment in buying new agricultural

machinery and equipment and vehicles, animal facilities, enclosed / protected

areas, facilities for annual and multi-annual crops, seeds and planting material,

warehousing and packaging of products.

Disposal, handling and use of manure fertilizer for the purpose of reducing

environmental impacts (eg construction of manure and digestate storage facilities

including manure and digestate handling and utilization equipment and

investments in improving the efficiency of fertilizer use (loading machinery and

equipment, transport and application of fertilizers).

Use of renewable energy sources (investments in the construction and / or

equipping of facilities for energy production, facilities for reception, processing

and storage of raw materials for the processing, storage, transport and application

of outbound substrates for organic fertilization.

Non-productive investments related to environmental conservation (eg soil erosion

control (investment in the construction of terraces, lifting of drywall and hedges),

construction of new and renewal of existing cattle dwellings, investment in

construction and / or equipping of new irrigation systems on the farm and

improvement existing farming systems / irrigation equipment), as well as the

payment of agricultural, environmental and climate change obligations (eg soil

cultivation and sowing in the field with annual oriental crop rotation, rotation of

crops, establishment of lane strips).

Organic farming encouragement through payments to maintain practices and

ecological farming methods.

Support for pilot projects and for the development of new products, procedures,

processes and technologies.

The program includes activities that also apply to air emissions:

Quality systems for agricultural products and food

Investments in physical assets

Restoration of agricultural production potential disturbed by elemental disasters

and catastrophic events and the introduction of appropriate preventive activities

Development of agricultural holdings and businesses

Basic Services and Rural Reclamation in Rural Areas

Investing in the development of forest areas and improving the sustainability of

forests

Establishment of producer groups and organizations

Agriculture, environment and climate change

Ecological breeding

Payments to areas with natural limitations or other special restrictions

Cooperation

Risk management


21

Support for Local Development within the Leadership Initiative (clld - local

community development)

Relevant policy goals in industry

Relevant industrial policy goals are integrated into the Industrial Strategy of the Republic of

Croatia for the period 2014-2020. The industrial strategy represents any form of intervention

or state policy aimed at improving the business environment, or changing the structure of

economic activity according to the sectors, technologies or tasks expected of greater

contribution to economic growth or social well-being than would be the case if the

intervention did not exist. The strategy outlined general and other goals that would have an

impact on air emissions with its application.

General goals:

Increase the share of highly educated workforce in the total number of employees

in the industry in order to achieve higher productivity of the domestic industry

Increasing investment in research and development which is generally accepted by

contributing to innovation

Increase investments in fixed capital that need to track new employment and

increase capital adequacy and amortization of existing investments

Other goals:

Volume of industrial production increase at an average annual rate of 2.85%

Growth of the number of new employees by 85,619 by the end of 2020, of which

at least 30% of highly educated

Workforce productivity growth by 68.9% in the period 2014-2020.

Increase of exports by 30% in 2014-2020 and change of export structure in favor

of exports of high value added products

In the Industrial Strategy, in general and other objectives environmental goals have not been

directly outlined. The reason for the lack of environmental targets is the unavailability of the

Environmental Management Strategy, although it is considered to have an impact on the

development of the industry. Indirectly it is stated that industrial policy is based on the

importance of interactivity between the modern high technology industry and the growing

service sector, industry and the environment. Legislation developed by Western industrial

nations requires compliance with high standards of environmental protection and human

health in production processes. Such legislation in developed countries imposed additional

pressure on the profitability of the industry.

Relevant traffic policy goals

Relevant traffic policy objectives are presented in the Transport Development Strategy of

the Republic of Croatia (2017-2030). The development of transport infrastructure in the

Republic of Croatia is considered to be extremely important for economic and social growth

as well as for international connectivity. Transport infrastructure is an instrument of regional

development that triggers the exchange of goods and better accessibility to all economic,

health, tourist and other amenities. In developing general and specific objectives, the

Strategy has taken into account the already published European strategy and the

requirements related to environmental protection and climate protection.

The general objectives which will directly and indirectly affect air emissions and air quality

by their implementation are:

Promote the distribution of passenger transport in support of public transport (PT)

and forms of transport with zero emission of harmful gases

Promote the distribution of freight traffic in favor of rail and maritime traffic and

inland waterway transport

Develop a traffic system (management, organization and development of

infrastructure and maintenance) according to the principle of economic viability

Reduce the impact of the transport system on climate change

Reducing the impact of the transport system on the environment (environmental

sustainability)

Increase the security of the transport system


22

Increase the interoperability of the transport system (PT, rail, road, maritime and

air traffic and inland waterway traffic)

Improve the integration of transport modes in Croatia (management, ITS, VTMIS,

P & R, etc.)

Further develop the Croatian part of the TEN-T network (basic and

comprehensive).

In addition to the general objectives, specific objectives for specific transport sectors have

been defined:

Better match traffic management with neighboring countries (BiH - Port of Ploče,

road and rail links from BiH, Slovenia, Serbia, Italy, Montenegro and Hungary)

To complement, where applicable, the development of the tourism sector as the

main economic factor in adequate traffic development in particular parts of Croatia,

particularly in support of the PT and green mobility

Improve access to remote parts of Croatia (eg islands, Southern Dalmatia ...)

Develop the potential of major logistics centers (Luke Rijeka, Split ports, Ploče

ports, Vukovar ports, Osijek port, Slavonski Brod port, Zagreb branch)

Strengthen Croatia's position as a logistics hub of the wider region, with a special

emphasis on Zagreb

Improve the integration of the transport sector into socio-economic trends in the

region (concept of functional regions, FR)

Urban, suburban and regional traffic

Develop the potential of public road transport (regional and state) where other

forms of public transport are not profitable

Increase the competitiveness of the tram system in Zagreb and Osijek

Better integrate the international / national transport system into local and

regional transport systems (passenger hubs, integrated billing system, etc.)

Increase efficiency and reduce the economic impact of public transport

management and organization

Increasing the attractiveness of public transport through the improvement of

fleet management and modernization concepts

Traffic and Logistics Management and Information

Overview / Update of Local / Regional Major Plans (Master Plans))

Railway traffic

Enhance the railway freight corridor from Rijeka to markets with the greatest

potential for the port (Hungary, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovakia, Italy, South

Poland and Serbia)

Better use of the Croatian railway system in larger Croatian agglomerations

(Zagreb, Rijeka, Split, Varaždin, Osijek) and within and between functional

regions (subregions)

Improve the level of service of the railway fleet and its impact on the

environment

Better integrate the rail system into local traffic systems (station security and

protection, links to other modes of transport, etc.)

Increasing safety on rail-road crossings

Increase the efficiency of the Croatian railway system (traffic management,

business operations, etc.)

Ensure the maintenance of infrastructure, taking into account aspects of

economy.

Road traffic

Improve the safety of the road transport system

Better use of the Croatian road system in the context of public transport (buses

in the local, regional and state system)

Reduce the impact of the oldest shares of the Croatian motorway network on

the environment

Optimize and match different toll collection systems in Croatia

Improve technical requirements in road design with emphasis on more

economical technical solutions, safety standards, green mobility and

integration of transport modes with zero emission of harmful gases


23

Increasing the road accessibility of areas where existing infrastructure has

reached the upper limit of permeable power, and alternative modes of transport

(public rail and coastal line) are not economically justified (tourist centers in

Adriatic Croatia), including the introduction of a sustainable transport concept

in favor of public transport and forms transport with zero emission of harmful

gases

Increase connectivity with neighboring countries in order to increase

cooperation and territorial integration to a higher level

Increase the availability of areas in Croatia where the upper limit of permeable

power has been reached and where there is no alternative road infrastructure

(parallel highways, etc.) - from Zagreb to Bjelovar and Varaždin in the

direction of Koprivnica and Krapina.

Reduce traffic congestion in heavily loaded agglomerations, taking into

account the special rules that apply to the protection of national heritage.

Air traffic

Support the development of the "Franjo Tuđman" Airport with the aim of

preserving the accessibility of the Croatian capital from abroad

Improve the operation and reliability of the Dubrovnik Airport to preserve

accessibility to Southern Dalmatia

Improve the availability of airports, particularly by public transport

Improve the safety standard in airports and air traffic

Match the requirements for entry into the Schengen area (where applicable)

Sea traffic

Encourage development and raise the competitiveness of the port of Rijeka as

the main Croatian seaport

Reduce the impact of maritime transport on the environment (fleet

development, environmental protection and measures to prevent and combat

pollution from marine facilities)

Increase the distribution of freight transport on over-coastal Adriatic and

coastal routes in favor of maritime transport

Increase the reliability of maritime traffic (public transport and supply chains)

in demanding weather conditions

Improve the efficiency and economy of the maritime transport system

Improve maritime transport security

Improve the integration of ports into the local transport system (passenger and

cargo)

The Strategy prescribes that all infrastructure projects that derive from the measures should

be planned taking into account the potential climatic phenomena in the area of

implementation of the measure.

Relevant policy objectives in waste sector

The main objectives of waste management in Croatia derive from the assessment of the state

of waste management and the obligations deriving from EU legislation and regulations

transposed into national legislation.

The implementation and establishment of a complete waste management system in Croatia

is enabled by the application and fulfillment of the objectives defined by the Waste

Management Act (Official Gazette 94/13 and 73/17) and the Waste Management Plan of the

Republic of Croatia for the period 2017-2022 (National newspapers, issue 3/17).

The Law on Sustainable Waste Management is the main law regulating waste management

issues in the Republic of Croatia. There are a number of regulations adopted in accordance

with the Law, some of them regulating certain waste management activities, and some

regulate the management of special waste categories.

Temeljem ocjene postojećeg stanja u gospodarenju otpadom i obveza koje RH mora postići

sukladno EU i nacionalnom zakonodavstvu, Planom gospodarenja otpadom definirani su

ciljevi koje je potrebno postići do 2022. godine, u odnosu na 2015. godinu:

Based on the assessment of the existing state of the waste management and the obligations

that the Republic of Croatia must achieve in accordance with EU and national legislation,


24

the Waste Management Plan has defined the goals to be achieved by 2022, compared to

2015:

1. Improve the municipal waste management system

- Reduce the total amount of municipal waste produced by 5%

- Separately collect 60% of the mass of municipal waste produced (primarily paper,

glass, plastic, metal, biotope etc.)

- Separate to collect 40% of the mass produced bio-waste, which is an integral part

of municipal waste

- Put landfills less than 25% of the mass of municipal waste produced

2. Improve the management system of special categories of waste

- Separate collect 75% of the mass of construction waste produced

- Establish wastewater treatment system from sewage treatment plants

- Improve the packaging waste management system

- Establish a Marine Waste Management System

- Establish a Waste Management System for Waste Ships, Wrecks and Sunken Sea

Seas

- Improve the management system of other special categories of waste

3. Improve the hazardous waste management system

4. Remediate waste-contaminated sites

5. Continually carry out educational and informative activities

6. Enhance the information system of waste management

7. Enhance the management of waste management

8. Improve management practices in waste management

The 2018 Waste Package introduces changes to EU waste management regulations by

introducing more ambitious targets for member states in order to promote the transition to a

circular economy.

The aim of the changes to the Directives included in the Waste Package is gradually to

equalize the best practices in all Member States and to stimulate the necessary investment in

waste management and to enable the rotating economy from production to consumption,

repair and reprocessing, waste management and returning useful raw materials to the

economy. Since the circular economy encourages the use of production processes that

consume less material and energy resources, uses waste-free resources and includes full

recycling at the end of life-cycle of products, it indirectly affects emissions and air quality -

develops a sustainable and competitive economy with low greenhouse gas emissions and

other pollutants, contributes to reducing environmental degradation and resource

consumption as well as destruction of biodiversity.

On July 4, 2018, new EU rules entered into force with legally binding targets for waste

recycling and reduction of waste disposal with fixed deadlines for Member States that have

to adjust the national legislation for moving to a circular economy in the next two years.

Croatia is obliged to transpose the Waste Directive into its legislation by 5 July 2020.

Any other

relevant national

policy objectives

and priorities for

the NAPCP:

Government Programme of the Republic of Croatia by 2020

As an important valid document defining development policy by 2020, the Government

Programme of the Republic of Croatia for the 2016-2020 mandate is outlined.

Underlying objectives are:

o Achieving a stable and permanent economic growth;

o creating new and quality jobs;

o stopping emigration and demographic renewal;

o social justice and solidarity.

In the field of ecology, sustainable development and environmental protection, the

following specific objectives are outlined:

o protection of Croatian natural resources;

o integrated water management and protection of national water resources;

o adaptation to climate condititions;

o efficient waste management.


25

In the field of energy, the Energy Development Strategy is in the process of

development, and the prominent, specific objectives are:

o improving the security of oil supply in Croatia and the EU;

o improving the security of gas supply in Croatia and the EU.

In the field of demographic development, population policy and revitalization,

specific objectives are:

o Encouraging an increase in birth rates by securing minimal and raising existing

living standards;

o Housing care for families on favorable terms.

National Development Strategy

In 2017, the Law on the system of strategic planning and managing the development

of the Republic of Croatia was adopted (Official Gazette, No. 123/17). This Law

regulates the system of strategic planning of the Republic of Croatia and the

management of public policies, namely the preparation, composition,

implementation, reporting, monitoring of implementation and impacts and the

evaluation of strategic planning documents for the design and implementation of

public policies which, in accordance with their competencies, are drafted, adopted

and implemented by public authorities. The National Development Strategy is the

highest hierarchical document. It si followed by multi-sectoral and sectoral strategies,

and by plans and programs. Currently, the strategic development of the Republic of Croatia is based on a series

of multi-sectoral and sectoral strategies and plans and programs, while the first

National Development Strategy by 2030 is in preparation. It should be adopted by

2020.

Energy strategy

The current Energy Development Strategy of the Republic of Croatia has set three

underlying energy objectives:

o Security of energy supply;

o Competitiveness of the energy system;

o Sustainability of energy development.

Considering the changes in a number of internal and external factors since the

adoption of the Strategy in 2009, the need for developing a new Strategy has been

recognized. The new Strategy is in preparation and its adoption is expected in 2020.

Environmental protection plan

The Environmental Protection Plan of the Republic of Croatia for the period 2016-

2023 is being drafted. The plan has not yet been adopted, while the following

priorities have been identified in a draft of the plan (Ministry of Environment and

Energy (MEE), 2016):

I. Protection, preservation and improvement of values of natural goods and the

environment;

II. Encouraging sustainable production and consumption;

III. Protecting the citizens from pressures and dangers to their health and weel-

being associated with the environment;

IV. Strengthening the institutional and legislative framework;

V. Better connection of knowledge, information management system and

environmental policy;

VI. Development of economic instruments and financing;

VII. Improving sustainability of cities;

VIII. Promoting sustainable development at the European and international level

according to the Strategy for Sustainable Development of the Republic of Croatia

(Official gazette, No. 30/09).


26

3.2.1. KOHERENCE OF INVENTORIES AND PROJECTIONS

The National Air Pollution Control Programme pursuant to Article 19 (2) of the NEC Regulation

should be coherent with related plans and programmes established on the basis of the requirements

laid down in the legislation of the Republic of Croatia or EU legislation. Since the national emission

inventories and emission projections are also the dana basis on which plans and programmes are

developed, it is necessary for them to be coherent with each other, ie. that the air pollutant inventory

and greenhouse gas inventory be coherent and that they be coherent with projections, as well as that

pollutant emission projections be coherent with greenhouse gas emission projections. The coherence

of this type is ensured through the following:

the data sources and underlying activity data are consistent with those developed in related

policy areas (e.g. use of the same energy models, data on agricultural productivity, population

growth, GDP, number of households, etc.) and

the assumptions made on the already adopted PaMs are consistent across policy areas.

In addition to this, coherence is ensured through the reporting of inventories, projections and impacts

on air quality must be undertaken according to the established templates and guidelines to achieve

maximum consistency in reporting between Member States. The National Air Pollution Control

Programme should be consistent with Member State reporting under other obligations including in

particular:

national emission inventory and projections reported by Member States annually/every 4

years to the UNECE under CLRTAP,

national pollutants register reported annually to the Commission under the E-PRTR,

national GHG emission inventory and projections reported (bi)annually to the Commission

and to UNFCCC under the Kyoto Protocol and MRR.

information reported annually to the Commission on ambient air quality in accordance with

Annex XVI of the AAQD.

Coherence of data sources and activity data in inventories and projections

Activity data needed for the pollutant emission calculation emissions are collected from the Croatian

Environmental Information System, official annual publications and databases of the Central Bureau

of Statistics and relevant ministries and institutions. For some sub-sectors and categories of emission

sources, more detailed activity data is needed that are available from in official publications (eg

energy balance, distribution of road vehicles by category, etc.). Mostly the same sets of data are used

for the air pollutant inventories preparation and greenhouse gas inventories preparation. This is

checked during the annual detailed inventory review in accordance with the NEC Directives and, in

a case of discrepancies, for the next annual submission, harmonization is being carried out.

The first such detailed technical review in accordance with the NEC Directive was carried out in 2017

for emission inventory with 2015 as the last historic year. Earlier harmonizations were carried out

according to the report for the Stage 3 in-depht centralized review coordinated by EMEP Center on

Emission Inventories and Projections (CEIP) that is acting as review secretariati n accordance with

the UNECE LRTAP Convention and EU NEC Directives. The Republic of Croatia was reviewd in

two such centralized reviews in 2011 and 2014.

The projections that form an integral part of this Programme are made on the basis of the

EMEP/EEA guidelines under the LRTAP Convention and in accordance with the latest

available yearly inventory for 2016. Emission data and activity data are taken from the last

submitted inventory to the European Commission and the Secretariat of the LRTAP


27

Convention in February 2018. Thereby, a requirement that the calculated projections should

be consistent with the last reported inventory is fulfilled.

The preparation of projections covered three basic steps:

The first step: Determining the key emission sources for each pollutant and its share in the

total emission,

The second step: Inclusion of activity data from available development plans,

The third step: where development plans were not available, the future activity data were

assumed. This is elaborated for observed pollutants and key sectors.

The methodology used for emission projections is identical to the emission calculation methodology.

The emissions are the result of the multiplication of activity data (eg fuel consumption, production

statistics, animal numbers, processed waste, etc.) and the associated emission factor. In order to

enable integrated modeling, which includes the possibility of simultaneous estimation of important

impacts of the low carbon development scenarios of the Republic of Croatia and the measures to

reduce pollutants emissions, numerous models for simulation and optimization were applied, and an

integral model called NUSPCRO (Low Strategic Planning of Croatia) was developed. As a basis for

the integrated NUSPCRO modeling, the LEAP (Long Range Energy Alternatives Planning system)

software was used, an integrated modeling tool that was used for energy policy analysis and climate

change mitigation and modeling energy consumption, energy transformation and extraction of row

materials. It was also used to calculate energy and non-energy emissions in all sectors of the economy.

Scenarios are made on the base of a large number of input data and methodology for impact

calculation. Thereat, the influences of the economy, PaMs and technologies and changes in the

behavior of the inhabitants are modeled. Depending on the goals that are to be analyzed, results in

specific scenarios may be indicator of the need for the simulation of additional measures in order to

achieve the target emission reductions or to examine the optimal combination of emission reduction

measures. Additional iterations examine the sensitivity on changes in parameters.

As a result, greenhouse gas emissions projections, projections of pollutant emissions, costs, external

costs and employment impact are generated, which can then be evaluated on a monetary basis to gain

an integrated cost and benefit analysis. Consistent relationships and methodologies used allow a

consistent comparability of scenarios to assess the boundary effects of individual PaMs.

Besides for the preparation of projections for the Programme, NUSPCRO model was (or will be) used

in preparation of following documents:

- Report on the projections of greenhouse gas emissions Republic of Croatia,

- Report on implementation of policies and measures that reduce greenhouse gas emissions by

sources and enhance removals by sinks Republic of Croatia,

- the Republic of Croatia draft Low-Carbon Development Strategy.

Coherence of emission projections with other obligations

The national inventory is prepare on an annual basis, while emissions projections, although are

submitted yearly, are prepared every two years. For the preparation of projections, the data from the

last available inventory, which is in this case the inventory for 2016, are taken and therefore the

calculated projections are completely consistent with the emissions from the last reported inventory.

The projections are made in accordance with the Greenhouse Gas Projections Report, which

are being prepared in accordance with the Regulation on monitoring of greenhouse gas

emissions, PaMs for their reduction in the Republic of Croatia. Activity data, assumptions and


28

input parameters are fully consistent with the most recently submitted Report on projections

of greenhouse gas emissions8.

By comparing projections of pollutant emissions with greenhouse gas emission projections in the

Republic of Croatia, it can be said that they are completely coherent. The Republic of Croatia reports

emissions and projections of greenhouse gas emissions into the EU, the UNFCCC and projections of

air pollutants emissions into the EU and the CLRTAP. The most recently published Report on

greenhouse gas emission projections in the Republic of Croatia as well as the Report on

implementation of PaMs was published in March 2017. These Reports were also used as a basis for

the preparation of air pollutants emissions projections. Therefore, all the activity data needed to

prepare air pollutants emissions projections are based on identical initial assumptions and parameters

as well as for the calculation of greenhouse gas emissions.

Within the document Tehnical basis for developing low-carbon development strategy of the Republic

of Croatian for the period up to 2030 with the view to 2050 with the Action Plan, two scenarios for

the projection of greenhouse gases have been defined, which were also used for the preparation of air

pollutants emissions projections. It is important to note that preparation of the scenarios took into

account the importance of technologies and measures for pollutant emission reduction. The scenario

for achieving goals is described in detail in Chapter 4.

Existing PaMs for reducing or limiting emissions are listed in Chapter 4 and Annex 1 of the Program.

All the information in Chapters 4 and 5 is taken from the document Tehnical basis for developing

low-carbon development strategy of the Republic of Croatian for the period up to 2030 with the view

to 2050 with the Action Plan, the Green Book.

Coherence with the annual application to the Commission under E-PRTR Regulation

Regulation (EC) No. 166/2006 of the European Parliament and the Council on establishing European

pollutant release and transfer register, amending the Council Directives 91/689/EEC and 96/61/EC

(hereinafter E-PRTR Regulation), entered into force on January 18, 2006, and has been implemented

by the Ordinance on the environmental pollution register (OG, 87/15) (hereinafter the ROO

Ordinance).

According to Article 5 of the E-PRTR Regulation, operators of plants that are carrying out one or

more activities at the location from Annex I of the E-PRTR Regulation, are obliged to submit

informations on releases and transfer of pollutants into the air, soil and waste water, if the applicable

capacity threshold(s) and the threshold(s) for releasing and/or transmitting pollutants of the table of

Annex II of the mentioned Regulation, ie informations on the occurence of 2 tonnes of hazardous

waste or 2,000 tonnes of non-hazardous waste on annual basis.

The E-PRTR Regulation is the key instrument in meeting Aarhus9 Convention requirements, given

the public ability to engage in further development of the register and in the preparation of

amendments.

The data carrier obligator into ROO, in accordance with the ROO Ordinance, is obliged to check

whether he is also obliged to submit data according to the E-PRTR Regulation.

Applicable capacity threshold(s) for the transfer of pollutants from the place of discharge to the waste

waters, column 1b of the table from Annex II of the E-PRTR Regulation, ori n the case of waste.

8 CAEN, June 2017

9 Aarhus Convention – Convention on acces to information, public participation in decision-making and acces to justice in

environmental matters, signatory by the Republic of Croatia in 1998 and ratification in December 2006.


29

When drafting the Air pollutant report for large point sources, the emissions reported in ROO

database are used, which ensures the coherence of emission data reported in the E-PRTR and

in the inventory of pollutant emissions.

Coherence with inventory of greenhouse gas emissions

The Regulation on monitoring of greenhouse gas emissions, PaM for their reduction in the Republic

of Croatia (Official Gazette No. 5/17) prescribes the obligation and emission monitoring procedures,

which include assessment and reporting on all anthropogenic emissions and outflows. The monitoring

of greenhouse gas emissions is regulated by Article 75 of the Air Protection Act.

The NIR is prepared in accordance with the UNFCCC reporting guidelines on annual Inventories as

adopted by the COP by its Decision 24/CP.19. The methodologies used in the calculation of emissions

are based on the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (IPCC Guidelines)

and the IPCC Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National Greenhouse Gas

Inventories (IPCC Good Practice Guidance) prepared by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

Change (IPCC).

Institutional arrangement for inventory preparation in Croatia is regulated in Chapter II of the

Regulation on the Monitoring of Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Policies and Mitigation Measures in the

Republic of Croatia (Official Gazette No. 5/17) entitled National system for the estimation and

reporting of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks. Institutional

arrangements for inventory management and preparation in Croatia could be characterized as

decentralized and out-sourced with clear tasks breakdown between participating institutions including

Ministry of Environment and Energy (MZOE), Croatian Agency for the Environment and Nature

(HAOP) and competent governmental bodies responsible for providing of activity data. The

preparation of inventory itself is entrusted to Authorised Institution, which is elected for three-year

period by public tendering. Committee for inter-sectorial coordination for national system for

monitoring of GHG emission (National System Committee) is included in the approval process; its

members provide their opinion on certain parts of the Inventory within the frame of their speciality.

Members of the National System Committee are nominated by the authorized Ministries upon the

request of the MZOE. In addition to inventories, greenhouse gas emissions are reported by the Central

Bureau of Statistics in the Statistical Yearbook publication and the European Commission as part of

the emissions calculation. The reporting basis in all of the above publications is the Greenhouse

Inventory and therefore the emissions in the publications are fully aligned with the Inventory.

The European Technical Experts' Revision Team (TERT) carries out an annual review of national

inventories of greenhouse gas emissions that are relevant for monitoring the reduction or limitation

of greenhouse gas emissions in accordance with Articles 3 and 7 of the ESD. Furthermore, the State

is required to provide a short estimate of whether the emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur

dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds in stocks submitted by the

Member State under Directive 2001/81/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and the

UNECE Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution in accordance with appropriate

GHG emissions estimates under Regulation 525/2013.

If there are certain non-conformities, the Technical Expert Audit Team may carry out audits

of the data submitted pursuant to Article 7 of Regulation 525/2013. This ensures coherence with

the inventory of greenhouse gas emissions.

Coherence with greenhouse gas emission projections

The Report on GHG emission projections is an integral part of the national monitoring system for the

implementation of PaM to reduce GHG emissions and GHG emission projections in relation to the

fulfilment of commitments under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.


30

The Republic of Croatia is obliged to report to the European Commission on the monitoring of

implementation of PaMs and emission projections, based on the regulations applicable to all Member

States. Legal basis for drafting the report in national legislation is contained in Article 75 (paragraph

3) of the Law on Air Protection .

Regulation 525/2013 and Implementing Regulation of the Commission no. 749/2014, are valid EU

regulations that lay down the obligations and reporting methods of Member States.

The content of the Report is prescribed in Article 14 of Commission's Implementing Regulation no.

749/2014. Reports and projections of GHG emisssion by sources and their removals by sinks for 2017

contains:

projections in 'without measures', 'with existing measures' and 'with additional measures'

scenarios, by greenhouse gases and sectors,

emission projections of ETS and non-ETS sector,

description of PaMs included in projections,

description of methodology, models, assumptions and activity data for developing of

projections,

sensitivity analysis of projections depending on the activity data.

The method and conditions for the implementation of ordinance that regulates monitoring of GHG

emissions are prescribed by the Implementing Regulation which additionally define the scope of the

Report in Article 23. Annex XII of the Implementing Regulation sets out parameters in projections

that must be included in the report.

Currently valid Projection Report was developed in 2017 and it includes projections of emissions by

sources and their removal by sinks for 2015, 2020, 2025, 2030 and 2035.

For the preparation of the Report on GHG emission projections for 2017, following data sources for

the parameters were used:

CRF SECTOR DATA TYPE DATA SOURCE

General

parameters

GDP – yearly growth rate

Population

Coal price

Crude oil price

Natural gas price

European Commission recommendations

Energy Fuel consumption

Electricity generation

Electricity imports

Final energy demand

National Action Plan for Renewable Energy

Sources

Third National Energy Efficiency Action Plan

for the Republic of Croatia for the 2014-2016

Transport Number of passenger kilometres

Cargo transport

Energy demand in transport sector

Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Croatia

Industry Production index

Sectorial studies (cement and nitric acid

production)

Use of solvents

Inventory Report of air pollutants on the

Croatian territory under the Convention on

Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution

(CLRTAP)

Agriculture Number and type of livestock Expert judgement – Faculty of Agriculture,

Zagreb, and Ministry of Agriculture

Plant production National Bureau of Statistics

Statistical reports on plant production

FAOSTAT database

LULUCF Land area of each sub-category NIR 2014


31

CRF SECTOR DATA TYPE DATA SOURCE

The assumed emission factors by sinks CFR 2014

Waste The amount of produced municipal waste

The amount of municipal waste disposed of

at landfill

The organic fraction of municipal solid waste

Sustainable Waste Management Act

Waste Management Plan of the Republic of

Croatia

Projections were developed according to the Report on GHG emission projections which is

prepared under the Regulation on monitoring of the GHG emissions, and policies and measures

for their mitigation in the Republic of Croatia. Activitiy data, assumptions and input

parameters are completely consistent with the latest submitted Report on GHG emission

projections10, thus ensuring the coherence with GHG emission projections.

Coherence with air quality informations which are exchanged via e-reporting in accordance

with the IPR Implementing Decision

On 12 December 2011, the European Commission adopted the Implementing Decision 2011/850/EU

laying down rules for the implementation of Directives 2004/107/EC and 2008/50/EC of the

European Parliament and of the Council (hereinafter: the IPR Implementing Decision) on obligations

of Member States on reporting about air quality assesment and management, mutual exchange of

informations on networks and stations, and air quality measurements (entered into force on 1 January

2014).

The Decision stipulates a new reporting mechanism (e-reporting), more accurate and more modern

than the current reporting methods. All required informations have to be prepared and delivered in

standardized machine-readable form (XML format) and coordinated with requirements of the

Directive 2007/2/EC on the establishment of a spatial information infrastructure in the European

Community (INSPIRE). Informations are delivered on EIONET Central Data Repository (CDR),

which is accessible through the AQ Portal established by the EC and mantained and managed by the

EEA. The protal contains all news, guidelines and instructions connected to e-reporting.

Ordinance on mutual exchange of informations, reporting on air quality and the obligations for

implementation of the Commission Decision (Official gazette, No. 3/16) stipulates the assignments

of the Ministry and other bodies connected to the method, deadlines, content and the data format, as

well as the method of collecting the data for mutual exchange of information and reporting on the

assesment and management of air quality.

To meet the targets for e-reporting, it is necessary to collect and to correctly sort all air quality data

that are needed for the exchange. For this purpose, HAOP (Croatina agency for the environment and

nature) developed and established the portal ''Air quality in the Republic of Croatia''. the portal can

be accessed via following link: http://iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/index.html and it contains all data on

concentrations of the pollutants in air, measured on the entire territory of the Republic of Croatia. The

system enables the submission of air quality informations in a standardized data exchange format, in

the data repository of the European Commission and the EEA, in accordance with the CAFE and

INSPIRE Directive requirements, and for the first time in 2014, the air quality data (B – G) for the

2013 have been submitted to the data repository of the EC. The portal fully meets the given

criteria and it enables complete submission of all air quality data to the EC.

For the exchange of informations and for the reporting on the assessment and management of air

quality, the data on concentration of pollutants are used that are obtained from the measurements at

the measuring stations determined in Articles 4 to 6 of the Regulation on establishment of the list of

10 CAEN, June 2017

http://iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/index.html


32

measurement points for monitoring over the concentration of certain pollutants in the air and location

of monitoring stations in the national network for permanent air quality monitoring (Official gazette,

No. 65/16). Except for the concentrations of pollutants obtained at the constant measuring points, the

data obtained by indicative measurements, modeling and by the objective evaluation techniques can

also be used for reporting. The Member State is obliged to submit all required informations in the

reporting year for the previous year.

For all submitted oversteppings of the limit values GV (G data), informations on the Action plans for

air quality improvements must also be submitted to the EC, while for the exceedance of target CV

values only the measures are submitted.

The Air pollution control programme took over the informations that are available at the Portal

''Air quality in the Republic of Croatia'' (http://iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/index.html) and it is, in this

way, coherent with the informations that are annually reported to the Commission in

accordance with the IPR Implementing Decision.

3.2.2. COHERENCE WITH PLANS AND PROGRAMMES

Republic of Croatia through the Law on strategic planning system and management of devepolment

of the Republic of Croatia (Official gazette, No. 123/17) stipulates the management of public policies,

ie the preparation, development and the implementation of public policies that are developed, adopted

and implemented in accordance with their competencies through public bodies. Mid-term acts of

strategic planning are the National Development Strategy, multi-sectoral and sectoral strategies.

Below are listed the general deadlines for adoption of some national acts that represent 'umbrella' acts

for the strategic planning of state and are relevant for the adoption and implementation of this

programme:

- National Development Strategy (by the end of 2020)

- Integrated Energy Climate Plan (by the end of 2019)

- Low-Carbon Development Strategy of the Republic of Croatia (by the 2020)

- Energy Strategy of the Republic of Croatia (by the middle of 2019)

- Environmental Protection Plan (2019)

Local communities are responsible for enact programmes for environmental protection with the air

protection programmes, which are their integral components. Local plans also integrate the issues of

adaptation to climate changes.

Each national plan and programme goes through the obligation of strategic environmental impact

assessment and the impact assessment on the ecological network, and in these documents is also

evaluated the compliance with the „umbrella“ and sectoral strategies.

Coherence with action plans to improve air quality

The provisions of Article 46, Paragraphs 1 and 2 of the Law on Air Protection (Official gazette, No.

130/11, 47/14, 61/17, 118/18) stipulate that if, in any specific zone or agglomeration, levels of

pollutants in the air exceed any limit or target value, in each of these cases the representative body of

local government unit (JLS), or city of Zagreb respectively, shall enact an action plan for improving

of air quality for that specific zone or agglomeration in order to ensure the achievement of limit or

target values as soon as possible. The representative body of local government unit, or city of Zagreb

respectively, enacts Action plan for their administrative area. Action plan for the improvement of air

quality may additionally include special measures aimed at protecting vulnerable groups of the

population, including children.



33

The obligation of the Republic of Croatia is to submit data on action plans for the improvement of air

quality to European Environmental Agency / European Commission (EEA / EC) for the zones and

agglomerations where limit and target values have been exceeded.

This programme includes an analysis of action plans for improving the air quality that are submitted

to the EEA/EC using informations on the implementation of action plans for improving the air quality

available at the Portal ''Air quality in the Republic of Croatia'' (link: http://iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/).

Additionally, for the need of the analysis, local communities were asked to review the status of the

implementation of Action Plans, or the implemented measures respectively and (eventually planned)

activities related to the implementation of measures from all action plans for improving of air quality

registered in e-reporting.

Overview of action plans according to reports in the e-reporting system (data set H) is given in the

table 2-1, and an overview of the measures from action plans according to the reports in e-reporting

system (data set K) in Table 2-2. In Table 2-2 an overview of the measures according to the reporting

year is given, whereby the report for the calendar year YYYY refers to the implementation of

measures in the year YYYY-2 (for example, in the reporting year 2015, the implementation of the

measures in 2013 is described).

Table 2-1: Overview of the action according to the e-reporting system (data set H)

Action plan Zone City

(JLS)

Pollutants

covered by

the plan

Measuring

stations for

evaluation of

compliance

Date of

adaption

Period covered

by plan

Action plan for

improvement of air

quality in the city of

Slavonski Brod

HR 2 Slavons

ki Brod PM2.5

Slavonski

Brod-1 04.07.2016 2016 - 2020

Action plan for

mitigation of PM10

emissions in the city of

Kutina

HR 2 Kutina PM10 Kutina-1 17.12.2015 2015 - 2020.

Action plan for

mitigation of PM10

particle pollution for the

city of Osijek

HR OS Osijek PM10 Osijek-1 01.01.2014 2014 - 2020

Action plan for

improvement of air

quality on the territory of

the city of Zagreb*

HR ZG Zagreb

PM10

BaP(PM10)

NO2,

PM2.5

O3

Zagreb-1,

Zagreb-3 27.03.2015

I. phase: 2015 -

2017

II.phase: 2018 –

2020, operative

until 2023

Action plan for the

mitigating concentration

levels of PM10 particles

in the city of Sisak

HR 2 Sisak PM10 Sisak-1 01.01.2014 2014 - 2017

Note: The action plan for the city of Zagreb is prepared on the basis of exceedance of the limit values on two

stations of national network and six stations of the local network.

http://iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/

National Air Pollution Control Programme MZOE

34

Table 2-2: Overview of the measures from action plans according to reports in the e-reporting system (data set K)

Agglome

-ration

Pollu

-tant

Reporting year Status of measure Efficiency of measure

2015 2016 2017

HR ZG,

Zagreb PM10

- Transport

- Mitigation of particulate

emissions from households

by applying energy

efficiency measures

- Measures for mitigation of

particulate emissions from

households that are using

solid or liquid fuels by

switching to natural gas or

central heating system

- Education of the population

on mitigation of particulate

emissions and energy

efficiency by proper use of

the wood furnaces

- Measures directed to the air

quality monitoring

- Measures related with the

Action plan of energy

sustainable development of

the city of Zagreb (SEAP,

2010)

- Transport


emissions from households by

applying energy efficiency

measures



households that are using solid

or liquid fuels by switching to

natural gas or central heating

system

- Education of the population on

mitigation of particulate


efficiency by proper use of the

wood furnaces


quality monitoring



sustainable development of the

city of Zagreb (SEAP, 2010)



by applying energy

efficiency measures



households that are using

solid or liquid fuels by

switching to natural gas or

central heating system

- Education of the population

on mitigation of particulate


efficiency by proper use of

the wood furnaces



sustainable development of

the city of Zagreb (SEAP,

2010)

The measures are

implemented in

accordance with the

timetable given in the

action plan.

The City of Zagreb

produces annual

reports containing a

description of the

implementation of each

measure.

The implementation

dynamics are

determined by the

available financial

resources and the

models for their use

The effectiveness of a measure

cannot be assessed without

extensive research.

The achievement of limit values for

particulates depends on the

implementation of energy

efficiency measures aimed at the

thermal protection of buildings and

small homes. Since most of the

measures relate to the household

sector, it is planned that they will

be implemented over a longer

period so that their efficiency can

be assessed by improving air

quality (eg lower exceedances of

the daily concentrations of PM10 in

the heating season).

Educational measures as well as

measures that affect people's

lifestyles (eg cycling) should be

continuously implemented for

years to have an impact.

Interannual meteorological

variability significantly affects the

levels of both local and background

concentrations both in terms of

emissions (colder winter, higher

emissions from heating) and

pollution transport and local

dispersion conditions (prolonged

periods of stagnation lead to

accumulation of local pollution).


35

Agglome

-ration

Pollu

-tant


2015 2016 2017

HR ZG,

Zagreb BaP

- Transport


emissions from households by

applying energy efficiency

measures



households that are using solid

or liquid fuels by switching to

natural gas or central heating

system

- Education of the population on

mitigation of particulate


efficiency by proper use of the

wood furnaces


quality monitoring



sustainable development of the

city of Zagreb (SEAP, 2010)

The measures are

implemented in

accordance with the


Action Plan.

The City of Zagreb

produces annual


description of the


measure.

See comments for PM10

HR ZG,

Zagreb NO2

- - - Introduction of zones of the

low road traffic emissions

(so called Eco-zones) and the

extension of pedestrian zone

in the city center

- Advancement of the road

traffic regulation in order to

relieve the quart Donji grad,

Trnje, Trešnjevka - north,

Novi Zagreb - west i Novi

Zagreb - east

The measures are

implemented in

accordance with the


Action Plan.

The City of Zagreb

produces annual


description of the


measure.

The effectiveness of a measure

cannot be evaluated without

extensive research, which may

include additional measurements

and modeling.


36

Agglome

-ration

Pollu

-tant


2015 2016 2017

- Advancement of public

transport with emphasis on

strengthening the role of city

railroad transport

- Reducing emissions from

public bus transport in more

polluted areas of the city

- Purchasing vehicles in public

transport and in the

ownership of city companies

(ZET, Čistoća, Zagrebačke

ceste) by applying the ''green

procurement'' principle and

improvements of the existing

vehicles

- Promotion of eco-driving

- Expansion and improvement

of cycling infrastructure

- Educating the public on the

impacts of road traffic on air

quality and promoting

transport models that are

least harmful for the

environment

- Subsidizing public city

transport in the city center

- Establishing and promoting

alternative forms of

transport by vehicles with

the so-called ''zero emission''

- Measures for reducing

emissions of pollutants from

transport from the

Programme for protection

and improvement of air


37

Agglome

-ration

Pollu

-tant


2015 2016 2017

quality in the city of Zagreb

2009-2012 (SGGZ 7/09)

HR OS,

Osijek PM10

- Measure for improving the

air quality monitoring

- Education of citizens and

promotion of the proper use

of furnaces, eco-driving, use

and improvement of the

public transport

- Technical and economic

measures for reducing

fugitive emissions and

promoting the technologies

with low emission of

particles

- Measure for improving the air

quality monitoring

- Education of citizens and

promotion of the proper use of

furnaces, eco-driving, use and

improvement of the public

transport

- Technical and economic

measures for reducing fugitive

emissions and promoting the

technologies with low

emission of particles

- No data available

The measure for

improving air quality

monitoring in 2015 was

in the evaluation phase,

while the other two

measures were under

implementation.

In 2016, all measures

were implemented.

The Action Plan was adopted in

2016 and the measures were in the

planning phase that year.

HR RI,

Rijeka

Grou

nd-

level

ozone

- Informing and education of the

public (City of Rijeka)

- Proposal of planned

projections, studies and

researches (City of Rijeka)

- Measures aimed at reducing

the emissions from road

transport (City of Rijeka)

- Measures aimed at reducing

the emissions from sea

transport (City of Rijeka)

- No data available The Action Plan was

adopted in 2016 and

the measures were in

the planning phase that

year.

No data.

HR 2

Slavonski

Brod

PM2.5

- - - Development of emission

cadastre for the city of

Slavonski Brod

- Encouraging the

establishment of an air

quality modeling system for


were in the planning

stages.

It is not possible to rate because the

measures were in the planning

stages.

(see remark for PM10 in HR ZG)


38

Agglome

-ration

Pollu

-tant


2015 2016 2017

the area of Slavonski Brod

and Brod (BiH)

- Application of the receptor

model for evaluating the

contribution o fair pollution

sources in the area of

Slavonski Brod

- Expansion of the network of

central heating system and

gas network in the area of

Slavonski Brod with subsidy

for the household connection

- Development of cycling

infrastructure

HR 2

Sisak PM10

- Inter-sectoral measures and

environmental protection

measures (City of Sisak)

- Measures for reducing the

PM10 particles in the industry

sector (City of Sisak)



and small and medium sized

furnaces (City of Sisak)


emissions from transport

(City of Sisak)

- Inter-sectoral measures and


measures (City of Sisak)

- Measures for reducing the

PM10 particles in the industry

sector (City of Sisak)



and small and medium sized

furnaces (City of Sisak)


emissions from transport (City

of Sisak)

- No data available In 2015 and 2016,

Cross-Sectoral

Measures and

Environmental

Instruments (City of

Sisak) was in the

implementation phase,

while for other

measures there is no

information on their

implementation.

No data.


HR 2

Kutina PM10

- Measures for emission

mitigation from households

- Preventive measures for

reducing the PM10 emissions


mitigation from households

- Preventive measures for

reducing the PM10 emissions

- No data available In 2015, all measures

were in the planning

phase except

“Preventive measure

for reducing PM10

emissions that was in

No data.



39

Agglome

-ration

Pollu

-tant


2015 2016 2017


mitigation in the industry

sector

- Mesures for reducing



mitigation in the industry

sector

- Mesures for reducing


the implementation

phase.


were in the

implementation phase


40

The analysis showed that the action plans are coherent with this Programme. Coherence is

manifested in measures related to households and transport: MEN-4, MEN-14, MEN-21, MTR-

3, MTR-6, MTR-8, MTR-10 (for explanations see Annex 1).

Problems in the implementation of measures exist at the local as at the national level, and the

implementation is greatly affected by the current economic situation. Republic of Croatia had

a long-term decline of GDP in the period from 2008 to 2014. Despite co-financing by the state,

households have to bear a higher burden of investment, which, in addition to the current

economic situation, is not feasible for a large number of households.

The implementation of energy efficiency measures in cities with developed action plans is

largely dependent on implementation of the Programme for energy renewal of family houses

(MEN-4). The source of financing predicted for the MEN-4 measure is the Environmental Protection

and Energy Efficiency Fund (hereinafter FZOEU). The measure should be implemented on a national

level in the period 2014-2020, in a way that FZOEU provides a financial construction for the renewal

of family houses. By 2015, ie before the amendment of the Programme for the energy renewal of the

family houses, citizens were able to achieve the co-financing of energy renewal for family houses

through the units of local or regional self-government (Source:

http://www.fzoeu.hr/docs/primjeri_dobre_prakse_projekata_energetske_ucinkovitosti_u_hrvatskoj_

2015_godine_v1.pdf). Action plans were adopted in the period 2014 – 2016, meaning that some are

being implemented only for a one year. All action plans have the measure envisaged for the mitigation

of household emissions, which are not implemented for several reasons:

- FZOEU did not provide financial support for the whole anticipated period,

- economic situation in the Republic of Croatia.

Transport measures that are related to the use of public transport and other forms of transport

with zero emission are reqiuring changes in the urban transport infrastructure, which means

that these measures first require a multi-annual preparation of project, and then their

implementation, hence continuous, mutli-annual work and inter-departmental / inter-

institutional cooperation.

Coherence with the programmes for air and ozone layer protection, climate change mitigation

and adaptation to climate changes

Pursuant to Article 12, paragraph 1 of the Law on Air Protection, the representative body of a large

city enacts a programme for air and layer protection, climate change mitigation and adaptation to

climate changes, which is an integral part of the Environmental Protection Programme.

The purpose of the programme for air and ozone layer protection, climate change mitigation and

adaptation to climate changes is to define targets and measures for the prevention and mitigation of

air pollution, protection of the ozone layer, mitigation of climate changes and adaptation to climate

changes by the sector of influence with order, deadline and resposible institution for mesaure

implementation, an estimation of the funds for its implementation, the order of fund using according

to the established priority measures and activities, and with the primary target to protect and improve

the air quality. Targets and measures defined within them should be aligned with targets and measures

of the Environmental Protection Programme in a part relating to the air component. Programmes for

air and ozone layer protection, climate change mitigation and adaptation to climate changes and

environmental protection programmes must be aligned with the Plan for air and ozone layer

protection and mitigation of climate changes in the Republic of Croatia for the period from 2013 to

2017. This Plan sets targets and priorities in the protection of air and ozone layer and in mitigation of

climate changes in the Republic of Croatia in a five year period.

Coherence, ie compliance of strategies, plans and programmes with the provision of the Law

on Environmental Protectionand the Law on Air Protection is reviewed by strategic studies, ie

studies on the significant impact of the strategy, plan or programme on the environment.


41

Procedure of strategic evaluation of the environmental impacts (SPUO) is implemented on the basis

of proivisions of the Environmental Protection Act (Article 63) and the Regulation on strategic

evaluation of the environmental impacts (Official gazette, No. 3/17). This procedure evaluates

probably significant impacts to the environment and to the health of people that may occur by the

implementation of a strategy, plan or programme.

However, there is a few Programmes for the air and ozone layer protection, climate change

mitigation and adaptation to climate changes, that are obligated to carry out the evaluation

procedure for a strategic assessment, since they rarely stipulate measures that would

conditioned it.

The analysis showed that coherence with the programmes for air and ozone layer protection,

climate change mitigation and adaptation to climate changes has mot been entirely realized.

Namely, the quality of these action plans is currently lagging behind the quality of plans at the

national level. The main drawback for most of the Programmes is a poor analysis of pollutant

emissions, all sources of emissions that exist at the area of local community, as well as the

indicative correlation of emissions and concentrations of air quality parameters. Currently, in

the most of the existing Programmes, emissions are presented by stating the emissions from the

Environmetal Pollution Register, which is not sufficient for a complete picture of emissions at

the observed area. Since 2018, through the Portal of spatial distribution of emissions, the state

has provided a spatial distribution of emissions for entire territory of the Republic of Croatia,

5 zones (HR 1, HR 2, HR 3, HR 4, HR 5), 4 agglomerations (HR ZG, HR OS, HR RI, HR ST)

and the city of Slavonski Brod, according to the Regulation on determining the zones and

agglomerations by the levels of air pollution in the territory of the Republic of Croatia . The

suggestion is to improve the quality of future programmes for air and ozone layer protection,

climate change mitigation and adaptation to climate changes in a way that they include a part

which is ensuring coherence with the Pollution control programme, ie to include an overview

of all existing emissions at the observed area, and which are available at the Portal of spatial

distribution of emissions for 2014 and 2015, and which will enable the implementation of a

professional analysis of the connection between emission sources, emission values and

concentrations of pollution in the air.

In a following table, the list of 25 current programmes downloaded from county and city websites is

given.

No. Document name Period Maker

1. Programme for air and ozone layer protection,

climate change mitigation and adaptation to climate

changes for the territory of Šibensko-kninska county

2016 – 2020 Šibensko-kninska county,

Administrative department for

environmental protection and

communal affairs



changes in Osječko-baranjska county

2016 – 2020 Osječko-baranjska county,


spatial planning, environment

and nature protection



changes for the territory of the city of Šibenik

2018 – 2020 Šibenik, Administrative

department for spatial planning

and environmental protection



changes for the territory of Zagrebačka county

2015 – 2019 Administrative department for

spatial planning, construction

and environmental protection,

Department for environmental

protection, Zagrebačka county


climate change mitigation of Krapinsko-zagorska

county



and environmental protection of

Krapinsko-zagorska county


42




changes for the territory of the city of Koprivnica

2017 – 2020 Administrative body of the City

of Koprivnica competent for

drafting of plan documents

related to environmental

protection



changes of Sisačko-moslavačka county






changes for the territory of the city of Karlovac

2016 – 2020 Not available



changes of Zadarska county for a four year period

2017 – 2021 Zadarska county



changes for the territory of Dubrovačko-neretvanska

county

for the period 2017 - 2020


environmental and nature

protection of Dubrovačko –

neretvanska county



changes of Bjelovarsko-bilogorska county of the

period 2016 - 2020


agriculture, environmental

protection and rural development

of Bjelovarsko-bilogorska county



changes in Splitsko-dalmatinska county for the

period 2017 – 2020

2017 – 2020 Not available



changes in Karlovačka coutny for the period 2017 –

2021




Department for environmental

and nature protection of

Karlovačka county



changes in the city of Zagreb

2016 – 2020 City office for energy,

environmental protection and

sustainable development, City of

Zagreb



changes in the city of Zadar


island development and

environmental protection, City of

Zadar



changes in the city of Osijek

2017 – 2020 Administrative body of the City

of Osijek competent for




changes in the city of Varaždin for the period 2016 –

2019




City of Varaždin



changes for the territory of the city of Velika Gorica

2018 – 2022 Department for environmental

protection, City of Velika Gorica



changes of Varaždinska county for the period 2015 –

2019


Agriculture and environmental

protection of Varaždinska county



changes for the territory of the city of Kaštel

2017 – 2021 City of Kaštela, Administrative

department for spatial planning,

construction and environmental

protection


43




changes in Brodsko-posavska county for the period

2016 – 2020


communal economy and

environmental protection in

Brodsko-posavska county



changes for the territory of Požeško-slavonska county

2016 – 2020 Požeško-slavonska county



changes of Međimurska county

2016 – 2020 Međimurska county,






changes in Virovitičko-podravskoj county for the

period 2017 – 2021


spatial planning, construction,

communal affairs and

environmental protection of

Virovitičko-podravska county



changes in Ličko-senjska county for the period 2016

– 2020


construction, environmental and

nature protection and communal

economy of Ličko-senjska

county

Coherence with action plans for sustainable energy (and climate) development of the cities by

2020 (Sustainable Energy (and Climate) Action Plan – SECAP)

In addition to plans and programmes that have to be prepared due to legal obligation, there are also

plans, in the Republic of Croatia, which local self-governments develope voluntary in order to pledge

for achieving EU targets on climate changes and energy. One of this plans is the Action plan for

sustainable energy (and climate) development of the cities by 2020 which is prepared by the cities

after the signing of the Mayor agreement. In this way, the cities voluntarily participate in achieving

energy efficiency targets and in reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

Within the initiative of the Mayor agreement for climate and energy which was initiated in 2008 by

the EC, the Sustainable energy and climate action plans (SECAP) were prepared by 62 cities out of

total of 70 cities which are signatories of the Agreement. These are plans that are submitted and

already accepted or are currently being evaluated by the Joint research center of the European

Commission. Signatories to the Agreement by 2015 have stated the emission reduction targets by

2020, which is in line with the climate – energy package of EU by 2020. After that, the emission

reduction target is expressed for the period by 2030, since, in the mean time, the climate – energy

framework by 2030 was adopted. Along with this, the signatories to the Agreement may extend their

commitments to the area of adaptation to climate change, in accordance with the EU Strategy for

adaptation to climate changes.

The largest number of plans are submitted in the period from 2012 to 2015. So far, 56 Action plans

have been accepted. Measures contained in the Action plans are refering exclusivelly to the

mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions, while, so far, there are no measures for adaptation to

climate changes for the time being. As a reference year in comparison to which the emission

mitigation target is defined, 2009 or 2010 are most frequently selected.

Examples of measures that cities have defined in the Action Plans are as follows: reconstruction of

outer shells of buildings and roofs of residential buildings and family houses, thermal insulation of

outer shells and roofs, replacement of outdated public lighting with more energy efficient and

environmentally friendlier lighting, installation of energy highly efficient windows, modernization of

boiler rooms owned by local self-government, encourage the use of renewable sources in family


44

houses, energy renewal of public institutions, education of users of buildings owned by the city, co-

financing the purchase of A +++ household appliances, subsidizing college and school students

transportation, the purchase of new electric vehicles owned by the city, construction of low energy

kindergartens, subsidizing the installation of solar collectors and boilers on biomass, installation of

photovoltaic systems on roofs, establishment of a system for the use of city bicycles (bike-share),

lowering of municipal contributions for the construction of new low-energy and passive buildings,

energy inspections and certification of public buildings, installation of dividers in a centralized heat

system, transition to natural gas, subsidizing the replacement of carpentry of family houses,

installation of thermal solar systems for family houses and residential buildings, city administration

and city institutions.

Progress in achieving the set targets is evaluated on the basis of the Monitoring reports that are

submitted to the Joint research center of the EC every two years after the adoption of Action plan.

The emission inventory included in action plan is updated every four years. Until the conclusion of

this programme, the Monitoring report was submitted by 15 cities in Croatia. According to the

data from submitted Monitoring reports, it can be concluded that the solid progress has been

made in the implementation of measures from Action plans, with note that activities for the

achievement of certain measures in some cities have not yet started. Since all the cities, except

for one, have indicated the emission reduction target by 2020 (one has indicated the target by 2030),

in the remain period activities for achieving of planned measures should intensify. Considering that

other signatories to the agreement have not yet submitted their Monitoring reports, the achieved

progress in remaining cities is unknown, so the pattern from which the conclusions are drawn is

limited.

Regarding the financial resources for the implementation of measures planned in Action plan,

from the data in the Monitoring reports it is apparent that cities have spent slightly over 25%

of the total planned funds, so it can be assumed that by 2020 no greater shift will be achieved

in securing of financial funds. Assuming that the Action plans are containing realistic estimates

of the necessary resources, this data could mean that the targets may not be fully achieved. Voluntary character of the initiative of the Mayor agreement for climate and energy should be taken

into account.

Regarding the coherence of the Programme with described Action plans, specificity is that the

emission reduction measures within the Mayor agreement for climate and energy are defined

at the local levels and are starting from the local targets of the cities, while the majority of other

plans and programmes, for which the coherence need to be provided, are being developed at

the national level.

In the following period from 2020 to 2030 it is necessary to strengthen the implementation of action

plans for improving the air pollution and climate-energy plans (SEAP / SECAP). It is necessary to

strengthen the capacities of local governments in terms of connecting multiple sectors, supporting the

development of integral documents and projects. There is a need for education, dissemination of

knowledge and informations on the causes of pollution, harmfulness, health impacts, available

techniques, costs of the measures and benefits.

3.3. RESPONSIBILITIES ATTRIBUTED TO NATIONAL, REGIONAL AND LOCAL

AUTHORITIES

This chapter provides information on responsibilities of national, regional and local bodies in the area

of air quality and air emissions (Annex III, Part 1 (a) (ii)of the NEC Directive).

The Ministry of Environmental Protection and Energy is a central body for the implementation of

policy for the environmental protection management.


45

The Ministry is, inter alia, competent and responsible for the air protection, creating of planned

documents, enacting and implementing measures to prevent and reduce air pollution, professional

supervision of national network operation for permanent air quality monitoring (national network),

reporting on air quality, data exchange and information system of air protection.

Under the authority of Ministry is also the administrative supervision and supervision over the expert

work of the FZOEU and the Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service (hereinafter: DHMZ).

In the management and control system of the use of structural instruments of EU in the Republic of

Croatia, the Ministry has a role of level 1 Intermediary body for certain specific targets within the

framework of priority axes “Climate change and risk management” and “ Environmental protection

and sustainability of resources”.

At the national level, in accordance with the new conformation that abolished the Croatian agency

for the Environment and Nature (CAEN), the Ministry is obligated to collect and aggregate data and

informations on the environment and nature for the purpose of ensuring and monitoring the

implementation of environmental and nature protection policy, sustainable development and other

professional activities in the area of environmental and nature protection.

FZOEU is, as a legal person with public authorities, the central institution for collecting and investing

extrabudgetary resources in programmes and projects for environmental and nature protection, energy

efficiency and use of renewable energy sources. In the management and control system of the use of

structural instruments of EU in the Republic of Croatia, FZOEU has the role of level 2 Intermediary

body for certain specific targets from the area of environmental protection and sustainability of

resources, climate changes, energy efficiency and renewable enegry sources. Activities of FZOEU

include affairs related to the financing of preparation, implementation and development of

programmes and projects and similar activities in the area of conservation, sustainable use, protection

and improvement of the environment, and the use of renewable energy sources in the area of energy

efficiency.

In the area of air quality monitoring, the FZOEU secures financing for the implementation of the

Programme for the measurement of air pollution level in the national network.

The DHMZ manages the operation of national network, secures the construction of new state-owned

stations and it is responsible for the implementation of programmes for the measurement of air quality

at the national network stations.

Monitoring of air quality in the national network is performed by reference laboratories. Monitoring

of air quality in national network stations for gaseous pollutants and particulate matter PM10 i PM2,5

(automatic methods) is performed by DHMZ, while the air quality monitoring in the national network

stations, in the part that relates to sampling and physico-chemical analysis of PM10 and PM2,5 particles

and ther equivalence of non-reference methods for determination of mass concentration of PM10 and

PM2,5 particles, is performed by the Institute for medical researches and medicine of work.

At the local and regional level, operations from the area of air quality are performed by the city (City

of Zagreb and larger cities) or county offices (including the city of Zagreb). The administrative body

of a county, city of Zagreb and larger city enacts a programme for air and ozone layer protection,

climate change mitigation and adaptation to cliamte changes, which is an integral part of the

environmental protection programme for the county, ie the city of Zagreb and the larger city. The

administrative body competent for environmental protection (hereinafter: competent administrative

body) of the county, city of Zagreb and large city prepares a report on the implementation of this

programme for a four year period, which is adopted by the representative body of the county, city of

Zagreb and large city. The competent administrative body of local government unit or the city of

Zagreb is responsible for the preparation of action plans for air quality improvement, if air pollutant

levels exceed any limit or target value.


46

Monitoring of air quality at the measuring stations established by the County, the city of Zagreb and

other cities in their area, and measuring stations established by the polluter according to the solution

on acceptability of the procedure on envorinment or the solution on integrated environmental

protection conditions (ie environmental permit), is performed by test laboratories.


47

The following table showes an overview of responsibilities attributed to national, regional and local authorities

2.3.2. Responsibilities attributed to national, regional and local authorities (M)

List the

relevant

authorities

(M)

Describe the type of authority (e.g.

environmental inspectorate, regional

environment agency, municipality)

(M) Where appropriate, name of

authority (e.g. Ministry of XXX,

National Agency for XXX, Regional

office for XXX)

Describe the attributed responsibilities in the areas of air quality and air pollution (M)

Select from the following as appropriate:

- Policy making roles

- Implementation roles

- Enforcement roles (including where relevant inspections and permitting)

- Reporting and monitoring roles

- Coordinating roles

- Other roles, please specify:

National

authorities

(M)

Croatian Parliament

Policy making role

Legislative framework

Enacts the Law on environmental protection and the Law on Air protection, Laws on Certification of International

Protocols.

Croatian Parliament

Policy making role

National strategies

Enacts national strategies by certain areas (eg. Enegry Strategy of the Republic of Croatia, Transport Development

Strategy of the Republic of Croatia for the period 2014-2030, Industrial strategy of the Republic of Croatia 2014-

2020).

Government of the Republic of Croatia

Policy making role

Strategies by areas, National plans and programmes, Action plans for the implementation of strategies Makes a proposal of strategies, programmes, plans and implementation action plans.


Policy making role

Implementing regulations

Adoption and implementation of regulations according to ZOZZ


Policy making role

Policy implementation reports

Reports on the implementation of national strategies, plans and programmes.


48


List the

relevant

authorities

(M)







office for XXX)









Minister Policy making role

Implementing regulations

Brings the development of implementing regulations from particular sectors.

Enacts a decision on establishing the expert committee for the purpose of drafting national plans, national programmes,

national reports, draft proposals of implementing regulations and development of implementing regulations.

(For example the Minister of environmental protection and energy: prescribes by the Ordinance the way of air quality

monitoring and data collecting, norms for the locations of measuring points, norms for determining the minimal

number of measuring points, reference methods of measurement, the way of proving equivalence for other

measurement methods, method of controlling the quality of measurement and data, as well as the method of processing

and displaying results and compliance with Croatian norms, the way of controlling the accuracy and calibration of

measuring instruments, method and costs of operation of the reference laboratory, establishment and operating

method of the committee for monitoring the work of reference laboratories, method of delivering data for the purpose

of information system for air protection, content of the annual report and the way of regularly informing the public.

The Ordinance presribes the method of monitoring emissions of pollutants into air from stationary sources, scope and

type of measurement, reference methods of measurement, the way of proving equivalence for other measurement

methods, the method of controlling the accuracy and calibration of measuring instruments, method of controlling the

accuracy of the measuring system for continuous measurement of pollutant emissions into air form stationary sources,

procedure of sampling and evaluation of measurement results, method of delivering data for the purpose of information

system for air protection on emissions and the way of regularly informing the public on emission monitoring)

Minstry Policy making role

Regulations

Competitive body for the transfer of legal acquis of the EU develops proposals of laws and subordinate acts under its

jurisdiction.

Ministries Policy making role

Strategies, plans and programmes

Develops proposals for sectoral strategies, plans and programs.


49


List the

relevant

authorities

(M)







office for XXX)









Ministry of environmental protection

and energy (MZOE) Policy making role

Monitoring and evaluation of air quality – National network

Determines zones and agglomerations, locations of the stations, at the proposal of the Ministry, the Government

determines the measurement program, conducts professional supervision on the operation of national network, insures

the Air quality assessment.

Government of the Republic of Croatia Implementation role

Commissions for inter-sectoral coordination for PaM

Establishing and coordinating the work of inter-sectoral cooridantions for PaM

Ministries Implementation role

Implementation of the legislative framework

Performs the administrative supervision over the application of laws and subordinate acts from its jurisdiction,

performs administrative supervision over the bodies in the ministry's jurisdiction, establishment of thematic

committees and working groups, drafting proposals of subordinate regulations, budget planning in order to insure

funds for the implementation of sectoral policies, cooperation with the EU and international institutions in order to

fulfill obligations of the Republic of Croatia, developing reports and exchange of informations in order to fulfill

obligations of the Republic of Croatia.

Ministry Enforcement role

Supervision of regulation implementation

Implementation of administrative procedures based on law, issuance of permits and solutions.

State Inspectorate Enforcement role

Supervision of regulation implementation Supervision of the implementation of certain law provisions and subordinate regulations by conducting the inspection

supervision


and energy (MZOE) Enforcement role

Environmental permits, solution on the combined environmental protection conditions, solution on the

acceptability of a procedure for the environment, Permit for greenhouse gas emissions, solution on free

allocation of emission units to plant operators, solution on free allocation of emission units to aircraft operators

Agrees, approves, issues, modifies and abolishes.



Issuing a permit to the legal person – test laboratory and legal person – reference laboratory

Evaluates the requirements, issues and publishes and, if necessary, terminates them.


50


List the

relevant

authorities

(M)







office for XXX)











Monitoring and reporting plan for greenhouse gas emissions from aircrafts and monitoring and reporting plan

on kilometer tonnes data from aircrafts

Gives an opinion that the monitoring and reporting plan is drafted in accordance with the Commission Regulation (EU)

No. 601/2012, with valid EC guidelines and with the ordinance from Article 90, paragraph 8 of this Law.



Plan praćenja emisija stakleničkih plinova iz postrojenja kao sastavni dio Dozvola za emisije stakleničkih

plinova

Provides an expert opinion on the compliance of the plan with provisions from the Ordinance.



Free allocation of emission units to plant operators

Competent for the implementation of the Commission Decision 2011/278 / EU and the valid guidelines from the

European Commission


and energy (MZOE) Reporting and monitoring role

Low – Carbon Development Strategy of the Republic of Croatia

Reprots the status of implementation of Low – Carbon Development Strategy to the European Commission.



Report on air quality condition, mitigation of greemhouse gas emissions and consumption of substances that

damage ozone layer for the territory of the Republic of Croatia (four year period)

Report making holder /submits to the Government every four years



Ordinance on the Environmental pollution register (ROO)

Creates and maintains a network database, conducts quality control, processing and analysis of submitted data and

deveplos a report on ROO data, and publishes it for the public.



E-PRTR Regulation

Conducts data quality control and compiles the report and delivers data to the EC, and publishes it for the public.



PRTR Protocol

Develops a report and submits it to the UNECE Secretariat and publishes it for the public.


51


List the

relevant

authorities

(M)







office for XXX)











Action plans for air quality improvement and short-term action plans

Data collecting and reporting



Air quality assessment and reporting

Ensures the air quality assessment and reporting



Air quality assessment

Develops the Annual Report on air quality monitoring in the Republic of Croatia.

Croatian Meteorological and

Hydrological Service (DHMZ) Reporting and monitoring role

Air quality assessment, modeling for evaluation purposes

Conducts air quality assessment, condutcs modeling for evaluation and reporting purposes

Legal entities - test laboratories

Reporting and monitoring role

Monitoring of air quality, monitoring emissions of pollutants into air from stationary sources, checking the accuracy of

measuring system for continuous measurement from stationary sources and monitoring of product quality

State Institute for Metrology Reporting and monitoring role

Acceptance of the report on equipment testing according to the requirements for efficiency of reference methods issued

in other Member States under a condition that the tests were carried out by the test laboratories accredited in

accordance with the relevant harmonized standard for test and calibration laboratories, and the list of accepted reports

is published on their own web sites.



Monitoring and assessment of air quality – National network, Local networks, Special purpose measurements

Guides the Information system of air protection, exchange of informations and air quality reporting



Guidance and maintenance of Environmental pollution register database (ROO)

Guides the Information system of Industry and energy, integral part of ROO database, maintenance of databases,

publication and exchange of information



Action plan for air quality improvement

Delivers the Action plan for air quality improvement to the European Commission. IPR


52


List the

relevant

authorities

(M)







office for XXX)










Hydrological Service (DHMZ) Reporting and monitoring role

Monitoring of air quality in the stations from national network

Performs monitoring of air quality in the stations from national network for gaseous pollutants and PM10 and PM2,5

particles (automatic methods).

Delivers annual, original and validated data and the report on pollution levels and air quality evaluation to the Ministry.

Institute for Medical Research and

Occupational Medicine Reporting and monitoring role


Performs monitoring of air quality in the stations from national network in a part referred to sampling and physico-

chemical analysis of PM10 and PM2.5 particles and the equivalence of non-reference methods for determination of mass

concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 particles.

Delivers annual, original and validated data and the report on pollution levels and air quality evaluation to the Ministry.

Legal entities - test laboratory

Reporting and monitoring role

Activity of monitoring air quality and emissions to air

May perform activities of air quality monitoring in local networks and on stations with special purpose, activity of

monitoring emissions of pollutants into air from stationary sources and / or activity of checking the accuracy of the

measuring system for continuous measurement of pollutant emissions into air from stationary sources,

Develops and submits reports for the conducted measurements.


Hydrological Service (DHMZ) Enforcement role

Manages the work of national network

Manages the work of national network, provides the construction of new stations in national network, ensures air

quality monitoring (measurement, data collecting, quality assurance and checking of measurements and data, tuning

and checking the technical characteristics of the measuring equipment in accordance with the reference measurement

methods, and processing and display of measurement results) and it is responsible for conducting measurement

programmes for air quality at these stations


Hydrological Service (DHMZ) Enforcement role


Performs the monitoring of air quality in the stations from national network for gaseous pollutants and PM10 i PM2,5

particles (automatic methodes)

Institute for Medical Research and

Occupational Medicine Enforcement role



53


List the

relevant

authorities

(M)







office for XXX)









Performs the monitoring of air quality in the stations from national network in a part referred to sampling and physico-

chemical analysis of PM10 and PM2.5 particles and the equivalence of non-referential methods for determination of

mass concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 particles.



Expert supervision over the work of national network

Expert supervision of work according to the Article 28 of the ZOZZ

Legal entities - test laboratory

Enforcement role

Activity of monitoring air quality and emissions to air

To perform activities of air quality monitoring in local networks and on stations with special purpose, activity of

monitoring emissions of pollutants into air from stationary sources and / or activity of checking the accuracy of the

measuring system for continuous measurement of pollutant emissions into air from stationary sources.

Reference laboratories Enforcement role

Activity of monitoring air quality

Performs the activity of quality assurance of measurement, and air quality data in the Republic of Croatia.



Measures for the prevention and mitigation of air pollution

Targeted reduction of exposure to PM2.5 at national level for the protection of human health, Pollution from natural

sources, Overstepping that may be attributed to the winter spreading of sand or salt on roads, Short-term action plan for

ground-level ozone, Transboundary air pollution.


and energy (MZOE) Financing role

Activity of quality assurance of data and measurement

Ensures funds for participation of the reference laboratory on international testings of capabilities of reference

laboratories and for cooperation with EU Member States and the European Commission to ensure comparability and

quality of measurement.

Environmental Protection and Energy

Efficiency Fund (FZOEU) Financing role

Ensures financing of the implementation of the Programme for measurement of pollution level in national

network

Ensures financing of the implementation of the Programme for measurement of pollution level in national network


54


List the

relevant

authorities

(M)







office for XXX)









Regional

authorities

(M)

Regional govenrment unit (JRS)/City of

Zagreb and large cities Reporting and monitoring role

Report on the implementation of the Programme for air and ozone layer protection, mitigation and adaptation

to climate change, an integral part of the Environmental protection program referred to in Article 14 of the

Law on Air Protection

Creates a report on the implementation of the programme for four year period (made by the authorized person)


Zagreb and large cities Reporting and monitoring role

Monitoring and evaluation of air quality - Local networks

Delivers annual, original and validated data on air quality monitoring and the report on pollution levels and air quality

evaluation to the Ministry (made by a legal person - a test laboratory).


Zagreb and large cities Enforcment role

Environmental protection programme

Enacts and publishes (made by the authorized person)


Zagreb and large cities Enforcement role


Establishes stations for air quality monitoring in their area, sets the locations of measurement stations for air quality

monitoring, develops a programme for pollution level measurement, ensures the conditions for its implementation,

performs supervision over the implementation of these activities.

Local

authorities

(M)

Competent administrative body of local

government unit (JLS) / City of Zagreb Reporting and monitoring role


Ensures delivery of action plan or short-term action plan to the Ministry.

Local government unit (JLS) Reporting and monitoring role


Delivers annual, original and validated data on air quality monitoring and the report on pollution levels and air quality

evaluation to the Ministry (made by a legal person - a test laboratory).

Representative body of local

government unit (JLS) / City of Zagreb Enforcement role


Creates an action plan for air quality improvement and short-term action plan for its administrative territory.

Local government unit (JLS) Enforcement role

Environmental permits, solution on the combined environmental protection conditions, solution on the

acceptability of procedure for the environment.


55


List the

relevant

authorities

(M)







office for XXX)









Participate through public discussions

Local government unit (JLS) Enforcement role


Establishes stations for air quality monitoring in their area, sets the locations of measurement stations for air quality

monitoring, develops a programme for pollution level measurement, ensures the conditions for its implementation,

performs supervision over the implementation of these activities and annualy submits original and validated data on air

quality monitoring to the Ministery.

Local government unit (JLS) and the

City of Zagreb Enforcement role

Report on data from Environmental pollution register (ROO)

Conducts quality control of data submitted to ROO and their verification.

Polluter

(M):

Polluters Enforcement role

Monitoring and evaluation of air quality - Special purpose measurements

Ensures air quality monitoring according to the solution on the acceptability of a procedure for the environment or the

solution on the combined environmental protection conditions, ie environmental permit, in accoradnce with the Law on

environmental protection.


56

4. PROGRESS MADE BY CURRENT POLICIES AND MEASURES (PaMs)

IN REDUCING EMISSIONS AND IMPROVING AIR QUALITY, AND THE

DEGREE OF COMPLIANCE WITH NATIONAL AND UNION

OBLIGATIONS, COMPARED TO 2005

This chapter through three subchapters provides information showing: "the progress made by the

current PAM in reducing emissions and improving air quality and degree of compliance with national

and EU obligations" (Annex III, Part 1 (1) (iii) of the Directive). Subchapters are:

Progress made by current PaMs in reducing emissions and improving air quality, and the

degree of compliance with national and Union obligations,

Progress made by current PaMs in improving air quality, and the degree of compliance with

national and Union air quality obligations ,

Current transboundary impact of national emission sources.

This chapter corresponds to Format´s Chapter 2.4. "Progress made by current PaMs in reducing

emissions and improving air quality, and the degree of compliance with national and Union

obligations.

4.1. PROGRESS MADE BY CURRENT PaMs IN REDUCING EMISSIONS,

AND THE DEGREE OF COMPLIANCE WITH NATIONAL AND UNION

EMISSION REDUCTION OBLIGATIONS

For measures intended to contribute to the emission reduction commitments under the NEC

Regulation and the NEC Directive, the expected (and realized) effect of the measure should be

expressed in terms of emission reductions to be achieved over a given timeframe.

As prescribed by the NEC Regulation and the NEC Directives, a good quality emission inventory as

well as a spatial distribution of emissions in the EMEP grid should be available at national level. In

accordance with the EMEP Reporting guidelines and guidebook (as set out in Annex IV of the

Directive), emission maps should be developed by using 0.1 ° x 0.1 ° (long-lat) resolution, which

Croatia has provided through the project: "Creating a register of emission of pollutants for small and

diffuse sources with spatial distribution in the EMEP high resolution grid"[4]. The project is the

implementation of a preventive measure for improve air quality MPR-11 from the Regulation on the

adoption of the Plan for the air protection, protection the ozone layer and climate change mitigation

in the Republic of Croatia for the period 2013-2017 (Official Gazette 139/13). The results of the

measure implementation are available on the web link: https://emep.haop.hr/. The results give a

spatial view of pollutant emissions in the territory of the Republic of Croatia and in zones with a

resolution of 0.1 ° x 0.1 ° (long lat) and for agglomerations in resolution 500 m x 500 m (long lat).

Realizing this measure, detailed data for modeling air quality on a high resolution scale are provided.


57

U nastavnoj tablica 2.4.1. daje se pregled napretka u smanjenju emisija postignut postojećim PaM te

stupanj usklađenosti s nacionalnim obvezama i obvezama EU (M)

2.4.1. Progress made by current PaMs in reducing emissions, and the degree of compliance with national

and Union emission reduction obligations (M)

Describe progress

made by current

PaMs in reducing

emissions, and the

degree of

compliance with

national and

Union emission

reduction

legislation (M)

SO2

The total sulphur dioxide (SO2) emission in 2016 was amounted to 13.3 kt that is 11.1 %

lower than in 2015. Moreover, the SO2 emission in 2016 was decrease by 92.2 % compared

with 1990. One-half of (47.3 %) the sulphur dioxide emissions in 2016 derive from the

energy sector public electricity and heat production, 19.7% originates from fuel combustion

in manufacturing industry and construction, 22.5% from fugitive emissions from activities

in the Refining/storage sector, 8.3 % from small combustion (stationary and mobile). The

reduction is mainly occurs due to a transfer from fuels with high sulphur content to low-

sulphur fuels, for both road transport and stationary combustion. Also, the war for the

Croatian independence in the period 1991 – 1995 was the reason for the decline in fuel

consumption and overall production in almost all sectors and as consequence the decline in

emissions. Great decline in SO2 emission trend can be observed in 2000 due to second coal

thermal power plant (TPP) entering into operation in Croatia. Second TPP has a technique

for reducing SO2 emission (SO2 scrubbing process) with efficiency higher than 95%. The

second TPP on coal has approximately double capacity in comparison to first one. Since

2000, first TPP with no technique for the SO2 emission reduction is in operation only when

the electricity needs are higher (mainly in the summer). Since 1990, emissions from the

public electricity and heat production sector have declined by 92.8 %, from the

manufacturing industry and construction by 91.9 %, from transport sector by 98.3 %, from

small combustion by 94.9 %. Sulphur emissions from industrial processes and product use

sector, have also decreased, by 86.6 % compared to 1990, and are now around 22 tonnes,

due to a stopping of the aluminium production, pulp and paper production (Kraft process)

and carbon black production and also due to great reduction in production of sulphuric acid.

Increasing trend in SO2 emissions (by 41.1 % since 1990) has sector Refining/storage (NFR

1.B.2.a.iv) due to the installation of sulphur recovery plants, the first one in 1997 and second

in 2008 within the refineries. The SO2 emissions in 2016 was lower than the reduction

commitment of 70 kt set under the GP and the NEC Directive.

NOx

The NOx emission in 2016 amounted to 50.4 kt, which is a decline by 50.4 % since 1990

and increase by 1.2 % compare to 2015. Emissions from the energy sector in 2016 were

about 49.7 kt and account for about 93.6 % of the total NOx emission. Transport sector

(NFR 1.A.3) was the main contributor in energy sector in 2016, with contribution of 48.7 %

to the total of NOx emission, and with domination of road transport. In relation to the 1990

the NOx emission in transport sector has declined by 37 %, due to the introduction of

catalytic converters in cars and the subsequent successively more strict emission standards.

Energy stationary combustion sectors (including off-road mobile sources) also have

recorded a great decrease since 1990, mostly due to lower fuel consumption. Also, the war

for the Croatian independence in the period 1991 – 1995 was the reason for the decline in

fuel consumption and overall production in almost all sectors and as consequence the decline

in emissions. Since 2007 the trend of NOx emission has recorded decline due to the

economic crisis which still exists in Croatia. About 18.9 % of the NOx emissions in 2016

derive from small combustion sources (NFR 1.A.4 mobile and stationary), 13.2 % originates

from fuel combustion in manufacturing industry and construction (NFR 1.A.2) and 12.5 %

from the energy sector public electricity and heat production (NFR 1.A.1). All mentioned

sectors have recorded a decline since 1990, the sector 1.A.4 by 37 %, 1.A.2 by 70.2 % and

1.A.1 by 63.3 %. In the period between 2016 and 2015, two key sectors have recorded

decline of emission: 1.A.1 by 5.5 %, 1.A.2 by 4.7 % while other key sectors recorded an

increase: 1.A.3 by 1.6 %, 1.A.4 by 3.5 %, and 3.D by 8.7 %. The crop production and

agricultural soils is also source of NOx emissions in Croatia, with 4.3 % of contribution to

national NOx total in 2016. Those NO emissions occurs from soil microbial processes, and

has decreased by about 18.3 % between 1990 and 2016 mostly due to decrease in N-fertilizer

usage in crop production. The industrial processes and product use sector is not a significant

source of NOx emission in Croatia. In 2016 it contributed with 2.1 % and in 1990 with 2.8 %

to national NOx total. The emission in the sector has declined by about 60.5 % between

1990 and 2016, mostly due to stopping the production of aluminium, paper and pulp (Kraft


58

process) and carbon black production and also due to decline in productions. Compare to

previous year, this sector has recorded an increase by about 1 % which is an indicator of the

economic recovery. The NOx emission in 2016 was lower than the reduction

commitment of 87 kt set under the GP and the NEC Directive.

NH3

The NH3 emission in 2016 amounted to 35.2 kt. Emission has decrease by 34.4 % since

1990 and decrease since year before by 11.1 %. The overall trend of the NH3 emission from

livestock is decreasing and dependent on the number of animals (49% reduction from animal

sources in 2016 compared to 1990), and with the numbers of most of the animal categories

in continuous decline since 1990. The decline in period 1991 - 1995 is a result of the war

for the Croatian independence, while the reason for decline in the years after 2008 is

economic recession. NH3 emission from agricultural soils varies in correlation with the total

amount of N - mineral fertilizers applied in the period 1990 – 2016 (decrease of ~2 % in

2016 compared to 1990). Most dominant in the total NH3 emission from agricultural soils

in Croatia is the N-urea fertilizer (40% in 2016, 29% in 1990), followed by calcium

ammonium nitrate (27% in 2016, 29% in 1990) and complex NPK fertilizers (17% in 2016,

27% in 1990). Other types of fertilizers contribute with less than 1% of the total NH3

emission due to fertilizer application in 2016. The increase in the NH3 emission can be also

observed in transport sector with domination of the road transport (by about 17 times

compared to 1990) due to its formation in vehicles’ catalytic converters. The ammonia

emission in 2016 was above the value of 30 kt set under the GP and the NEC Directive.

NMVOC

The NMVOCs emission in 2016 amounted to 62.6 kt. Emissions of NMVOCs in 2016 have

sharply declined, by 58.9 % since 1990, and increase by 2.1 % compared to year before. The

decline since 1990 is strong in the industrial processes and product use sector (by 68.8 %)

and in transport sector (with road transport domination) (by 80.4 %). The sharply decreasing

trend since 1990 has occurred mainly due to reduced emissions from products containing

solvent partly as a result of implementation of best available techniques (BAT) in the

industrial processes and product use sector, also due to reducing the production activities

and continuous decreasing population trend. The road transport sector has also contributed

to this decreasing trend of NMVOC emission due to increased use of the energy-efficient

cars, the introduction of new exhaust requirements. Fugitive NMVOC emissions from oil

and natural gas products have also recorded a decline by 45.2 % since 1990. Also, the war

for the Croatian independence in the period 1991 – 1995 was the reason for the decline due

to lower fuel consumption and overall reduction of production activities in almost all sectors.

The economic crisis has contributed to further reduction of NMVOC emissions since 2007

Also, reduction since 2008 is a partly result of gradual replacement of certain percentage of

traditional domestic stoves and manual single hous boilers with advanced/ecolabelled stoves

and boilers and pellete stoves and boilersThe NMVOC emission in 2016 was below the

value of 90 kt set under the GP and the NEC Directive.

PM2,5

Total PM2.5 emission in 2016 has amounted to 20.5 kt. The emissions have decreased by

45.8 % since 1990 and stay at the same level compared to 2015. The energy sector is the

largest source of PM10 emission and accounts for about 91.6 % of the national total in 2016.

Small combustion and mainly biomass combustion in residential sector are key sources of

PM2.5 emission and account with 78.8 % to total emission in 2016. This sector has also

recorded an increase of 4.4 % comparing to 2015. Transport sector have contributed with

smaller extent with 8.8 % and has recorded an increase by 12.5 % since 1990. Road transport

has domination in PM2.5 emissions within the transport sector, with equal participation of

emissions that originate from fuel combustion and fugitive emissions from road wear and

tire and brake wear. The industrial processes and solvent use sector is also large source in

PM2.5 emissions (6.8 % in 2016), which has recorded a decrease by 6.6 % since 1990.

Combustion in industry and construction contributes to total national emissions with 2.3 %

in 2016 and in the period of 1990 this sector has significantly reduced the emission of PM2.5

(up to 84.6 %) due to reduced consumption of solid fuels and biomass and the simultaneous

increase in consumption and gaseous and liquid fuels. The trend of PM2.5 emissions has

several dips and peak between 1990 and 2016. Great decline in the period from 1991 to 1994

was a result of the war for the Croatian independence (1991 – 1995), due to lower fuel

consumption and overall reduction of production activities in almost all sectors. In 1994

began the reconstruction of areas devastated by war so the emissions from the sectors of


59

mineral products increased, and increasing trend lasted until 1999. Second increasing trend

started in 2002 mostly due to increase in road paving with asphalt, and with small influence

due to increasing of quarrying and mining, construction and demolition, cement production,

and inorganic chemicals production (such as carbon black, ammonium phosphate, urea and

NPK fertilizers). Road paving with asphalt has recorded great increase in 2002 mainly due

to the longest highway in Croatia “A1” (Dalmatians) was started to build from Zagreb to

Dubrovnik (total length 456 km). The economic crisis which most hit construction sector in

Croatia has contributed to reduction of PM2.5 emissions since 2008. A significant reduction

since 2005 is a result of gradual replacement of certain percentage of traditional domestic

stoves and manual single hous boilers with advanced/ecolabelled stoves and boilers and

pellete stoves and boilers.

PM10

Total PM10 emission in 2016 has amounted to 27.8 kt. The emissions have decreased by

45.8 % since 1990 and have increased by 0.2 % compared to 2015. The energy sector is the

largest source of PM10 emission and accounts for about 72.9 % of the national total in 2016.

Small combustion and mainly biomass combustion in residential sector are key sources of

PM10 emission and account with 60.7 % to total emission in 2016. Transport sector which

contributed with smaller extent (8 % in 2016) has recorded an increase by 17.3 % since

1990. Road transport has domination in PM10 emissions within the transport sector, with

equal participation of emissions that originate from fuel combustion and fugitive emissions

from road wear and tire and brake wear. The industrial processes and solvent use sector is

the second largest source in PM10 emissions (18.6 % in national PM10 total emission). This

sector is recorded a great increase (by 26.7 %) since 1990. The agriculture is also source of

PM10 emissions in Croatia, with 8.5 % of contribution to national total in 2016. The manure

management has contributed with 4.5 % to total PM10 emission in 2016, and the crop

production and agricultural soils with 4 %. Emissions from agriculture sector have decrease

since 1990 (for about 50 %), due to decline in number of animals and decline in crop

production. Combustion in Industry and construction contributes to total national emissions

by 1.8 % in 2016 and in the period since 1990 this sector has significantly reduced PM10

emission by 84.8 %, due to reduced consumption of solid fuels and biomass and the

simultaneous increase in consumption of gaseous and liquid fuels. The trend of PM10

emissions has several dips and peak between 1990 and 2016. Great decline in the period

from 1991 to 1994 was a result of the war for the Croatian independence (1991 – 1995), due

to lower fuel consumption and overall reduction of production activities in almost all sectors.

In 1994 began the reconstruction of areas devastated by war so the emissions from the

sectors of mineral products increased, and increasing trend lasted until 1999. Second

increasing trend started in 2002 mostly due to increase in road paving with asphalt, and with

small influence due to increasing of quarrying and mining, construction and demolition,

cement production, and inorganic chemicals production (such as carbon black, ammonium

phosphate, urea and NPK fertilizers). Road paving with asphalt has recorded great increase

in 2002 mainly due to the longest highway in Croatia “A1” (Dalmatians) was started to build

from Zagreb to Dubrovnik (total length 456 km). The economic crisis which most hit

construction sector in Croatia has contributed to reduction of PM10 emissions since 2008. A

significant reduction since 2005 is a result of gradual replacement of certain percentage of

traditional domestic stoves and manual single hous boilers with advanced/ecolabelled stoves

and boilers and pellete stoves and boiler.

Provide complete

references

(chapter and page)

to publically

available

supporting

datasets (e.g.

historic emission

inventory

reporting) (M)

REPUBLIC OF CROATIA 2018 INFORMATIVE INVENTORY REPORT (1990-2016),

Chapter III Emission trends by pollutant (p. 80–104)

Link HAOP: http://www.haop.hr/hr/emisije-oneciscujucih-tvari-u-zrak-na-podrucju-

republike-hrvatske/emisije-oneciscujucih-tvari-u

Link CEIP:

http://www.ceip.at/ms/ceip_home1/ceip_home/status_reporting/2018_submissions

Portal of Spatial disaggegated emissions

- Emission register for small and diffuse sources, as well as all other (present) mobile

and stationary sources by zones (whole territory of Croatia) and agglomerations

(Zagreb, Rijeka, Split and Osijek) and separately for city of Slavonski Brod..

- Spatially disaggregated emission inventory in the EMEP grid 0,1x0,1 ° long-

lat (approximately 10x10 km) for the entire territory of the Republic of

Croatia and for agglomerations on a resolution 0.5 km x 0.5 km, including

the city of Slavonski Brod.

http://www.haop.hr/hr/emisije-oneciscujucih-tvari-u-zrak-na-podrucju-republike-hrvatske/emisije-oneciscujucih-tvari-u


http://www.ceip.at/ms/ceip_home1/ceip_home/status_reporting/2018_submissions


60

Link CAEN: https://emep.haop.hr/

Include graphics

illustrating the

emission reductions

per pollutant and/or

per main sectors

(O)

The charts below illustrate the annual emissions of six major air pollutants in Croatia

inperiod 1990 - 2016. SOx emissions have the greatest downward trend, followed by NOx,

non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) and ammonia (NH3), all of which are

O3 precursors. The most serious pollutants in Europe in terms of human health threats are

PM, NO2 and ground level O3. The most important effects of air pollution on national

ecosystems are eutrophication, acidification and vegetation damage due to O3 exposure.

Since sulfur emissions have been reduced, NH3 emissions from agricultural activity and

NOx from the combustion processes have become dominant in terms of acidification and

eutrophication of the ecosystem.

The SO2 emissions (kt/yr) and percentage share by sector and variation in SO2 emissions

(Source: Republic of Croatia 2018 Informative Inventory Report (1990-2016))

The NOX emissions (kt/yr) and percentage share by sector and variation in NOX emissions


1 A 11 A 2

1 A 31 A 4

1 B 22

TOTAL

-150 -100 -50 0 50 100

1 A 1

58.3%1 A 2

21.7%

1 A 3

3.3%

1 A 4

14.5%

1 B 2

1.4%2

0.7%

1990

1 A 1

41.0%

1 A 2

21.5%1 A 3

0.7%

1 A 4

9.5%

1 B 2

25.7%

2

1.6%

2016

1 A 1

17.0%

1 A 2

22.2%1 A 3

38.8%

1 A 4

16.2%

1 B 2

0.3%

2

2.6%3 D

2.6%1990

1 A 1

12.8%1 A 2

13.1%

1 A 3

48.6%

1 A 4

18.5%

1 B 2

0.3%

2

1.9%

3 D

4.6%

2016

1 A 11 A 2

1 A 31 A 4

1 B 22

3 D TOTAL

-100 -50 0

https://emep.haop.hr/


61

The NH3 emissions (kt/yr) and percentage share by sector and variation in NH3 emissions


The NMVOCs emissions (kt/yr) and percentage share by sector and variation in NMVOCs


The PM2.5 emissions (kt/yr) and percentage share by sector and variation in PM2.5

emissions

1 A 11 A 2

1 A 42

3 D 3 B

5TOTAL

-80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40

1 A 1

0.03%

1 A 2

0.1%1 A 3

1.4% 1 A 4

6.9%

1 B 2

0.2%2

6.2%

3 B

59.8%

3 D

23.5%

5

1.7%

20161 A 1

0.02%

1 A 2

0.3%1 A 3

0.1%1 A 4

5.6%

1 B 2

0.4%2

6.6%

3 B

70.2%

3 D

15.5%

5

1.3%1990

1 A 1

0.7%1 A 2

3.0%

1 A 3

23.1%

1 A 4

16.5%

1 B 2

4.1%

2

43.3%

3 B

7.9%

3 D

0.7%

5

0.6%1990 1 A 1

0.6% 1 A 2

2.2%

1 A 3

10.6%

1 A 4

29.4%

1 B 2

5.5%

2

35.0%

3 B

12.4%

3 D

1.0%

5

3.4%2016

1 A 11 A 2

1 A 31 A 4

1 B 22

3 D 5

TOTAL

-100 -50 0 50 100 150


62


The PM10 emissions (kt/yr) and percentage share by sector and variation in PM10

emissions


1 A 1

2.4%

1 A 2

7.8%1 A 3

4.1%

1 A 4

77.8%

1 B 2

0.9%

2

3.9%

3 B

2.0%

3 D

0.2%1990 1 A 1

2.2%1 A 2

2.2%

1 A 3

8.4%

1 A 4

76.8%

1 B 2

0.9% 2

6.8%

3 B

1.8%

3 D

0.2%2016

1 A 11 A 2

1 A 31 A 4

23 D

3 BTOTAL

-100 -50 0 50

1 A 1

3.1%1 A 2

6.5%1 A 3

3.8%

1 A 4

64.0%

1 B 2

1.6%

2

8.4%

3 B

7.8%

3 D

4.1%1990 1 A 1

2.2%1 A 2

1.8%

1 A 3

7.6%

1 A 4

58.2%

1 B 2

1.4%

2

17.7%

3 B

6.6%

3 D

4.1%

2016

1 A 11 A 2

1 A 31 A 4

23 D

1 B 23 B

TOTAL

-100 -50 0 50


63

4.2. PROGRESS MADE BY CURRENT PaMs IN IMPROVING AIR

QUALITY, AND THE DEGREE OF COMPLIANCE WITH NATIONAL AND

UNION AIR QUALITY OBLIGATIONS

According to the EC report: „The First Clean Air Outlook“ 11 air pollution remains a major

environmental and health problem in the EU. Many European cities suffer from poor air quality and

exceed the EU standards set out in the Ambient Air Quality Directive 2008/50/EC12, and still more

exceed the guidelines recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). The European

Environment Agency has estimated that around 400 000 people died prematurely in the EU in 2015

as a result of air pollution13.

The EU review of air policy in 2011-2013 culminated in the Clean Air Policy Package of December

201314 . This comprised a communication – a Clean Air Programme for Europe 15 - and three

legislative proposals, to control emissions from Medium Combustion Plants, adopted as Directive

(EU) 2015/2193 ('the MCPD')16; to ratify the amendment of the 2012 Gothenburg Protocol setting

emission reductions for 2020, adopted as Council Decision 2017/1757/EU17; and to set new national

reduction commitments for 2030 in a new Directive on the reduction of emissions of certain

atmospheric pollutants, adopted as Directive (EU) 2016/2284 (the 'NECD')18.

The 2013 Clean Air Programme, among others proposed that there should be a regular report on the

air quality situation in Europe, covering the prospects for emission reduction and progress towards

the EU's objectives.With the adoption of the NECD in December 2016, the analytical basis has been

updated, and this first edition of the 'Clean Air Outlook' aims to fulfil that brief, and to provide context

for Member States' work in developing the National Air Pollution Control Programmes due under the

NECD by 1 April 2019.

The First Clean Air Outlook provides an overview of current air emissions and air quality. It is

reported that in the 21st century the positive trend in reduction of the main air pollutants in the EU

has continued, as has the decoupling from economic growth. Overall, during the 2000-2015 period,

the EU's combined GDP grew by 32% while emissions of the main air pollutants decreased by

between 10% (for ammonia - NH3) and 70% (for sulphur oxides - SOx). However, there are still

major problems with exceedence of the EU's air quality limit values. For 2015, up to 20% of the EU-

28 urban population was exposed to levels above the EU daily limit value for particulate matter

(PM10). For fine particulate matter (PM2.5), up to 8 % of the urban population was exposed to

concentrations above the EU limit value of 25 μg/m3, and more than 82% to levels above the much

stricter WHO guideline value of 10 μg/m3. For nitrogen dioxide (NO2) the annual limit value

continues to be widely exceeded across Europe, with concentrations above the identical EU and WHO

limit in 22 Member States, to which up to 9% of the urban population are exposed. For ozone, 18

Member States registered concentrations above the EU target value, and up to 30% of the EU urban

population lived in areas in which the target value was exceeded, with more than 95% living in areas

where the stricter WHO guideline was exceeded 19 . It also states that there are currently 30

infringement procedures open against Member States concerning Directive 2008/50/EC, 16 for

exceedance of PM10 limit values, 13 for exceedance of NO2 limit values, and one for exceedance of

SO2 limit values.

11 COM(2018) 446 final 12 OJ L 152, 11.06.2008, p. 1 – 44 13 European Enviroment Agency (EEA), October 2017, ‘Air quality in Europe - 2017 report’ 14 eng. Clean Air Policy Package (vidjeti: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/air/clean_air/review.htm) 15 COM(2013)918 final (eng. Clean Air Programme for Europe) 16 Directive (EU) 2015/2193 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 November 2015 on the limitation of emissions of

certain pollutants into the air from medium combustion plants 17 OJ L 248, 27.9.2017, p. 3 - 75 18 OJ L 344 of 17.12.2016, p. 1 19 European Environment Agency (EEA), October 2017, ‘Air quality in Europe - 2017 report’


64

Although the emissions of all pollutants have been reduced at the source, observing the historic trend

since 1990, concentrations of air pollutants have not been sufficiently reduced over the last few years.

As in most European cities, as well as in Croatia, the largest population lives in cities where the air

quality standards have been exceeded. The most common exceedances are for ground level ozone

(O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and small particles (PM), but also for benzo(a)pyrene in the floating

particles PM10 (BaP in PM10). Emissions that affect environmental pollution, but at the same time

record a decline in the historical trend, even in the part since the air quality in Croatia is being

monitored, do not, however, cause a linear decrease in local pollution concentration.

EU Direktive on air quality ie CAFE Direktive 2008/50/EC of the European Parliament and of the

Council on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe, came into force on 11 June 2008. [Oj L

152, 11.6.2008.]. In Croatian legislation it has been applied through the Air Protection Low, The

Regulation on levels of pollutants in ambient air (Official Gazette 117/12) and the Ordinance on

monitoring air quality (Official Gazette 79/17).

The CAFE Directive includes the following pollutants for which the assessment of ambient air quality

is carried out (Article 4, Chapter II, Section 1 and Section 2):

- sulphur dioxide,

- nitrogen dioxide and oxides of nitrogen,

- particulate matter (PM10 i PM2,5),

- lead,

- benzene,

- carbon monoxide and

- ozone.

In addition to the CAFE Directive, Directive 2004/107/EC of the European Parliament and of the

Council i sin force, concerning:

- arsenic,

- cadmium,

- mercury,

- nickel and

- benzo(a)pyrene (as an indicator of pollution by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons).

According to Article 19, paragraph 1, the ZOZZ assessment of air quality in zones and agglomerations

shall be carried out for the following pollutants:

- sulphur dioxide,

- nitrogen dioxide and oxides of nitrogen,

- particulate matter (PM10 i PM2,5),

- lead,

- benzene,

- carbon monoxide and

- ozone,

- arsenic,

- cadmium,

- mercury,

- nickel and

- benzo(a)pyrene

Air quality assessment and modeling for the purpose of assessment referred to in Article 19-22 and

reporting from Article 120 to the territory of the Republic of Croatia pursuant to Article 6, paragraph

3, ZOZZ shall be implemented by the DHMZ and provided by the Ministry.

Air quality monitoring, monitoring of air pollutant emissions from stationary sources, approval of

measurement systems for continuous measurement of emissions from stationary sources and


65

monitoring of product quality in accordance with Article 6 paragraph 4 are performed by legal

entities - test laboratories. Some of the legal requirements for conducting air quality monitoring

activities are:

- have measuring equipment for performing air quality monitoring activities according to the

reference measurement methods prescribed by the Regualtion on Air Quality Monitoring and

has been accredited according to the requirements of the harmonized standards for test and

calibration laboratories for each reference measurement method, separately, that is, to

have a certificate from a reference laboratory for the measurement quality assurance and air

quality data assurance for each reference measurement method (Article 55, paragraph 1, sub-

paragraph 4, ZOZZ).

- that, if it uses other measurement methods for which reference methods are prescribed by the

Regulation on Air Quality Monitoring, the legal entity must be accredited on the request of

the harmonized standard for test and calibration laboratories or have a reference laboratory

certified to ensure the measurement and data quality for each measurement method have the

certificate of equivalence of other methods of measurement with reference methods carried

out in accordance with the standards of the European Commission (Article 55, paragraph 2,

ZOZZ).

- if it uses other measurement methods for which no reference methods are prescribed by the

Regulation on Air Quality Monitoring, the legal entity must be accredited according to the

requirements of the harmonized standard for test and calibration laboratories for these

methods (Article 55, paragraph 3, ZOZZ).

The activity for ensuring quality of measurement and air quality data on the territory of the Republic

of Croatia is performed by a reference laboratory (Article 60, paragraph 1 of the ZOZZ. The reference

laboratory shall issue certification to the testing laboratories to ensure the quality of measurement and

air quality data for each measurement method, in particular on the basis of the measurement of

traceability (Article 60, paragraph 3). Funding for the participation of a reference laboratory on

international testing of the capacity of reference laboratories and for cooperation with EU Member

States and the European Commission to ensure comparability and quality of measurement is provided

by the Ministry (Article 62, paragraph 1). One of the conditions for a legal entity to perform quality

assurance of measurement activities and air quality data is:

– accredited on the request of harmonized standards for test and calibration laboratories

for one or more reference measurement methods prescribed by the Regulation on Air Quality

Monitoring.

Pursuant to Article 23 of the CAFE Directive and Article 46 of the ZOZZ, where, in given zones or

agglomerations, the levels of pollutants in ambient air exceed any limit value or target value, plus any

relevant margin of tolerance in each case, Member States shall ensure that air quality plans are

established for those zones and agglomerations in order to achieve the related limit value or target

value specified in Annexes XI and XIV of CAFE Direktive. In the event of exceedances of those limit

values for which the attainment deadline is already expired, the air quality plans shall set out

appropriate measures, so that the exceedance period can be kept as short as possible. The air quality

plans may additionally include specific measures aiming at the protection of sensitive population

groups, including children. Those air quality plans shall incorporate at least the information listed in

Section A of Annex XV of the CAFE Directive and Article 46(3) of the ZOZZ and may include

measures pursuant to Article 24 of the CAFE Directive and Article 47(4) of the ZOZZ. Those plans

shall be communicated to the Commission without delay, but no later than two years after the end of

the year the first exceedance was observed. Where air quality plans must be prepared or implemented

in respect of several pollutants, Member States shall, where appropriate, prepare and implement

integrated air quality plans covering all pollutants concerned. Member States shall, to the extent

feasible, ensure consistency with other plans required under Directive 2001/80/EC, Directive

2001/81/EC or Directive 2002/49/EC in order to achieve the relevant environmental objectives.


66

According to CAFE directives, Member States shell reduce population exposure to fine

particulate matter PM2.5, targets are set at national level and are based on an average exposure

indicator (AEI). AEI is determined on the basis of measurements lasting the three-calendar year

running annual mean PM2,5 concentration averaged over all measurement points at urban background

locations throughout the territory of a Member State and which reflects population exposure.

In 2010, the Document on Assessment of ambient air quality in the territory of the State and

application of Annex XIV of the new Air Quality Directive and the Clean Air for Europe

2008/50/EC20, which was the basis for negotiations on the base year for the AEI calculation

(http://iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/datoteka?id=30810) was prepared. For the Republic of Croatia, the EU

Accession Treaty defined 2015 as the base year for the calculation of AEI, which means that the AEI

is defined as the average measured values of the PM2,5 and is 20.6 μg/m3.

The document provides a proposal for a PM2,5 concentration measurement program with a aim of

reducing exposure at the national level in four urban background locations in Zagreb, Rijeka, Split

and Osijek and one rural background location. The proposed measurement program was implemented

through the Regulation establishing the list of measurement points for monitoring over the

concentration of certain pollutants in the air and location of monitoring stations in the national

network for permanent air quality monitoring (Official Gazette 65/16).

Four locations mentined above in agglomerations required for the calculation of AEI are:

– Aglomeration HR ZG: location Zagreb, Ksaverska cesta for AEI PM2,5,

– Aglomeration HR RI: location Rijeka-2 for AEI PM2,5,

– Aglomeration HR ST: location Split for AEI PM2,5,

– Aglomeration HR OS: location Osijek for AEI PM2,5.

At location ZAGREB AEI PM2,5 - Ksaverska cesta PM2,5 measurements are caried out since 2005

while measurements at Rijeka-2 for AEI PM2,5 began on May 13, 2015. According to the Air

Pollution Standards Measurement Program for Continuous Air Quality Monitoring (Official Gazette

73/16) measurements at the stations Split and Osijek must begin no later than 31 December 2019.

In 2016, the document on the potential for achieving national exposure reduction target, was prepared

on the basis of the average exposure indicator for PM2.5 for 2015 21

(http://iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/datoteka?id=30809) in which the exposure analysis analysis based on then

available measurements at the stations: " Ksaverska cesta for AEI PM2.5" (urban area) and "Plitvice

Lakes" (rural area - National Park) is presented.

According to the Elaborate, the prediction of AEI PM2.5 for 2020 is 16.4 μg/m3. If prevision is

achieved, this would mean that the national exposure reduction target of 20% will not be

achieved.

Based on measurements at ZAGREB AEI PM2.5 - Ksaverska cesta, a marked seasonal

dependency of the concentration was determined with higher values during cold and low values

during the hot part of the year. Measurement results at the rural background location Plitvice

Lakes show that there is no seasonal PM2.5 concentration trend. The analysis of the PM2.5

chemical composition shows that the variability of anion, cation and organic and inorganic

carbon concentrations can be due to the contribution of multiple sources of pollution, long-

range transport, physical and chemical properties of measured pollutants and of meteorological

parameters. The most important sources can be the processes of combustion of fossil fuels and

20 Procjena kakvoće zraka na teritoriju države i primjena dodatka xiv. nove direktive o kakvoći zraka i čišćem zraku za Europu 2008/50/EZ, naručitelj Ministarstvo, autor: K. Šega, Zagreb, veljača 2010. 21 Elaborate on the possibilities of achieving targeted exposure reduction at national level based on the average exposure indicator for

PM2.5 for 2015, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, October 2016.


67

biomass, transport, particle resuspension from the surface, secondary aerosols and long-range

transport.

In following Table 2.4.2. an overview of the progress made in improving the air quality achieved by

the existing PAM and the degree of compliance with the national obligations and obligations of the

EU is presented (M)

2.4.2. Progress made by current PaMs in improving air quality, and the degree of compliance with national

and Union air quality obligations (M):

Describe progress

made by current

PaMs in improving

air quality, and the

degree of compliance

with national and

Union air quality

obligations by, as a

minimum, specifying

the number of air

quality zones, out of

the total air quality

zones, that are

(non)compliant with

EU air quality

objectives for NO2,

PM10, PM2,5 and O3,

and any other

pollutant(s) for

which there are

exceedances (M)

Locations and measurement programme in the national network for air quality monitoring

are prescribed by the Regulation on the establishment of a list of measurement points for

the concentration of certain air pollutants and the location of the measurement stations in

the national network for permanent monitoring (Official Gazette, No. 65/16) and the Air

pollution measurement programme in national network for continuous air quality

monitoring (Official Gazette, No. 73/16).

Previously in force were the Regulation on the establishment of a list of measurement

points for the monitoring of concentrations of certain air pollutants and the location of

measurement stations in the national network for continuous air quality monitoring

(Official Gazette, No. 22/14) and the Air pollution measurement programme in national

network for continuous air quality monitoring (Official Gazette 103/14, corr. 117/14).

The progress made by the current PAM in improving air quality and degree of alignment

with national legislation and EU legislation is displayed by reviewing air quality

monitoring in 2013 (when the Republic of Croatia joined the EU) and in 2016 (the latest

available annual report).

List of measurement points for assessment of pollution (compliance) for zones and

agglomeration (color is indicated if data coverage was met in 2013):


68

(Source: Annual Report on Air Quality Monitoring in the Republic of Croatia

for 2013, CAEN, December 2014)


69

List of measurement points for assessment of pollution (compliance) for zones and

agglomeration (colors are indicated to indicate whether data coverage was met in 2016):

(Source: Annual Report on Air Quality Monitoring in the Republic of Croatia

for 2016, CAEN, November 2017)

Below is a overview of exceedances for the period 2013-2016 based on the data published

in the annual reports on air quality monitoring in the Republic of Croatia available on:

http://iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/godizvrpt.htm?pid=0&t=0.

Exceedances in zones / aglomerations determined on the basis of a combination of

analysis of measurement results and objective estimates for the period 2013-2016 are next:

http://iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/godizvrpt.htm?pid=0&t=0


70

Compliant NO2 benzene O3 PM10 PM2.5 BaP in PM10

2013 0 0 1 3 1 0

2014 0 0 2 3 0 2

2015 1 1 6 3 1 2

2016 1 0 5 3 2 2

Excedances of NO2 were recorded only in the agglomeration Zagreb (HR ZG).

Excedances of benzene only in the Industrial zone (HR 2).

Excedances of benzo(a)pyrene were recorded only in the agglomeration Zagreb (HR

ZG) and in the Industrial zone (HR 2).

Following table presents number of compliant zones / aglomerations:

Compliant NO2 benzene O3 PM10 PM2.5 BaP in PM10

2013 8 8 2 1 1 6

2014 9 8 4 3 3 4

2015 8 8 2 6 8 4

2016 8 8 3 6 6 4

The compliance for zones / agglomerations was not evaluated if there were no

measurements or the coverage of data was less than 85%. Moreover, modeling data

could not be used to assess compliance for PM10 and PM2.5 because the levels of

contamination in all zones and agglomerations were higher than lower assessment

threshold (LAT). Also, modeling data could not be used to evaluate compliance for

ground-level ozone in zones and agglomerations since pollution levels in all zones

and agglomerations are higher than long-term objective (LTO).

Following table shows the number of unrated zones / agglomerations::

Unrated NO2 benzene O3 PM10 PM2.5 BaP in PM10

2013 1 1 6 5 7 3

2014 0 1 3 3 6 3

2015 0 0 1 0 0 3

2016 0 1 1 0 1 3

Compliance assessment for each zone / aglomeration for ground-level ozone in the period

2013-2016 is shown in following table:

2013 2014 2015 2016

HR ZG

HR RI

HR ST

HR OS

HR 1

HR 2

HR 3

HR 4

HR 5

Oznake: compliance

non-cpmpliance

unrated

The difference in the number of excedances for ground-level ozone in 2013 and 2016

is the result of the availability of dana and not the change in the level of pollution.

Ground-level ozone pollution is a subject to natural interannual variability as seen

from thecondition in agglomerations Zagreb (HR ZG) and Rijeka (HR RI). As can

be expected, in the rural areas of coastal and mountainous regions of Croatia, ie

zones HR 3, HR 4 and HR 5, the problem of pollution with ground-level ozone is

more expressed than in agglomerations.


71

A more detailed overview of the exceedance of the measurement stations in the zones /

agglomerations in the period 2013-2016 is showed in the following table:

Zone/aglomeration Measurement

station NO2 benzene O3 PM10 PM2.5

BaP in

PM10

HR ZG

Zagreb-1 2013NP

2015

2016 2016

2013 2014

2015

2016

2015

2016

Zagreb-3

2013

2014

2015 2016

2014

2015 2016

Velika Gorica* 2015 2016

HR OS Osijek-1

2013

2014 2015

2016

HR RI Rijeka-2

2013

2015

HR 1 Desinić

2015

2016

HR 2

Slavonski Brod-1

2013

2014 2015

2016

Sisak-1

2015

2013 2014

2015

2016

2014

2015

2016

Kutina-1

2013NP

2014

2015 2016

HR 3 Parg

2014

2015

2016

HR 4 Pula Fižela*

2015

2016

HR 5

Hum (islad Vis)

2013NP

2014 2015

2016

Žarkovica

(Dubrovnik)

2013NP 2015

2016

Remark

* measurement stations that are not part of the national network but are used for the purposes of data

exchange until the establishment of new national network stations NP the data coverage was not satisfied

Provide complete

references (chapter

and page) to

publically available

supporting datasets

(e.g. air quality

plans, source

apportionment) (M)

All information related to air quality monitoring and air quality improvement action plans

are publicly available on the CAEN web site: http://iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/index.html

AIR QUALITY REPORTING

By accession to the EU, the Republic of Croatia is overtaken the obligation to provide

information / data on air quality to the European Commission. For this reason, CAEN

developed the portal "Air Quality in the Republic of Croatia" in 2014 and through the

portal since 2014 (data for 2013), the Republic of Croatia submits air quality data to the

European Commission and thus fulfills all reporting air quality obligations required by

the Implementation Decision IPR.

In this way, all relevant information / air quality information is provided:

– Data on zones and agglomerations (B),

– Data on assessment system (C),

– Data on networks and measurement stations (metadata) (D),

– Original and validated data (E),

– Pollution assessment with exceedances of limit and taregt values (G),

– Information on air quality improvement plans (H),

– Information on source appointment (I),

– Information on scenario for the year of achievement (J),



72

– Information on measures to improve air quality (K).

Within the framework of the IPA 2013 Project "Strengthening environmental protection

inspection for the effective control of air quality monitoring and emissions trading system,

in order to achieve better air quality in the Republic of Croatia", an analysis of air quality

reporting was conducted and it was concluded that data exchange according to the EC, it

proceeds satisfactorily and according to the planned schedule.

Information on Action Plans submitted to the European Commission:

In 2015, for the exceedances in 2013, information from the following action plans was

submitted to the EC:

Action plan for the improvement of air quality in the City of Zagreb – for

exceedances of GV for particulate matter PM10

Action plan for reduction of concentration levels for particulate matter PM10 in

the City of Sisak - for exceedances of GV for particulate matter PM10

Action plan for PM10 emission reduction in the City of Kutina – for exceedances

of GV for particulate matter PM10

Action plan for pollution reduction with particulate matter (PM10) for the City of

Osijek - for exceedances of GV for particulate matter PM10

For exceedance of CV of ground-level ozone in the City of Rijeka, ground-level

ozone pollution reduction measures from the Action Plan for the Reduction of

ground-level ozone pollution in the City of Rijeka have been submitted (ZOZZ

for exceedances of CV sets out the drafting and adoption of the Action Plan and

in accordance with Directive 2008/50/EU for exceedance of CV is only

mandatory to submit only measures).

In 2016, information on the implementation of the action plans for exceedances in 2014

was submitted. The implementation of the action plans shall be reported in such a way

that the information already sent is updated on an annual basis if necessary. In 2016, for

the exceedances in 2014, information was provided from:

– Action Plan for improvement of air quality in the City of Zagreb - For CV

exceedances for BaP in PM10.

All prepared current action plans can be found on the air quality portal in CRO on the

HAOP web site link: http://iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/godizvrpt.htm?pid=0&t=4.

All information on the action plans submitted to the EC are publicly available and is also

available on the Croatian Air Quality portal at the HAOP pages at the links (for years of

data delivery):

– Information on air quality improvement plans (H):

http://iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/hPlan.htm,

– Information on source appointment (I):

http://iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/iSourceAppointment.htm,

– Information on scenario for the year of achievement (J):

http://iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/jEvaluation.htm,

– Information on measures to improve air (K):

http://iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/kMeasure.htm.

In 2017 information was submitted for the Action Plan for the City of Slavonski Brod for

the PM2.5 exceedances in 2013, which was adopted in 2016,

– Action Plan for improvement of air quality in the City of Slavonski Brod

Maps or histograms

illustrating the

current ambient air

concentrations (for

at least NO2, PM10,

PM2,5 and O3, and

any other

pollutant(s) that

present(s) a

problem) and which

Maps for SO2, NO2, PM10, PM2,5, O3, heavy methals and B(a)P concentrations for period

2001-2015 are provide din document: Objective assessment of ambient air quality in

zones of the Republic of Croatia for 2016 (DHMZ, Zagreb, September 2017) available at

link: http://iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/datoteka?id=69590.

Objective assessment of ambient air quality are performed, measurements are carried out

for all areas (zones) where air quality measurements are not carried out, where

measurements are carried out by some non - standardized methods or where the

measurements are carried out by a standardized method for which no equivalence tests

with the reference method have not been performed, but only where the levels of pollutant

concentrations in the area considered are less than the lower assessment threshold (LAT)


http://iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/hPlan.htm

http://iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/iSourceAppointment.htm

http://iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/jEvaluation.htm

http://iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/kMeasure.htm

http://iszz.azo.hr/iskzl/datoteka?id=69590


73

show, for instance,

the number of zones,

out of the total air

quality zones, that

are (non)compliant

in the base year and

in the reporting year

(O)

or long-term objective (LTO) in accordance with Articles 6 and 9 of Directive

2008/50/EC.

The results were obtained using the latest version of the EMEP model from 2016. A 50

km x 50 km spatial model was used, which is intended primarily for assessing the

influence of regional and longe-range transmissions of air pollutants. The model

resolution was not fine enough to estimate concentration levels in cases where local

sources of local pollution dominate. Modeling in fine resolution (0,1⁰ x 0,1⁰) at national

level and at the level of AQ zones and agglomerations has not yet been carried out.

Below are the maps for 2015.

SO2 The modeled values of annual SO2 concentrations are less than 2 μg/m3 in the larger

Croatian area. Values ranging from 2-10 μg/m3 are for areas bordering Bosnia and

Herzegovina (BiH) (Republika Srpska) and Republic of Serbia (RS), which is expected

due to large point emissions sources in those countries.

On the whole territory of the Republic of Croatia the annual SO2 concentrations are below

the lower assessment threshold (50 μg/m3) with respect to human health as well as the

lower assessment threshold (8 μg/m3) with respect to the protection of vegetation.

NO2

Annual concentrations of NO2 are the highest near to industrial sources ie in

agglomerations. Calculated values of NO2 concentrations range from 2 to 10 μg/m3 below

the lower assessment threshold considering human health (26 μg/m3) as well as the lower

assessment threshold of critical level for nitrogen oxide with respect to the protection of

vegetation and natural ecosystems (19.5 μg/m3).

Although the dominant sources of nitrogen oxides are included in emission data, the large

spatial scale of the model does not allow precise determination of concentrations in areas,


74

where there are key individual or isolated sources of nitrogen oxides emissions (cement

industry, power plants, refineries etc.).

PM10

Annual concentrations of PM10 move around 8-18 μg/m3. Calculated concentrations are

below the lower assessment threshold considering human health (20 μg/m3). Spatial

distribution of annual concentrations for PM10 changes from year to year which largely

depend on meteorological conditions. It can be noticed that the maximum load

considering particulate matter PM10 is in zones HR01, HR04 and HR05 while in the zone

HR02 concentration is a bit lower.

The modeled values of the PM10 concentrations are comparable only to the values

measured at rural stations and can be considered as reliable within the prescribed limits

of uncertainty of measurement / modeling for particulate matter PM10 (uncertainty limit

is 50%). Some deviations in relation to the measured values were obtained at the Kopački

rit measurement station, where the mean annual concentrations are 20.6 μg/m3, while the

results of the calculation are about 18 μg/m3, which is within the limits of the model's

eligibility.

PM2.5

Modeled PM2.5 concentrations range from 6-16 μg/m3 and throughout the all CRO area

are below the upper assessment threshold (16 μg/m3).

At measurement station Kopački rit, measured values of PM2.5 concentrations are higher

than the modeled values and indicate the influence of the potential natural source of

emission.


75

Ozone

The results of the calculation of the concentration for ground-level ozone indicate that the

average daily values of ground-level ozone are high and there is a gradient of increasing

concentrations going from the continental part of Croatia to the Adriatic. The mean daily

concentrations are in the range of 60-100 μg/m3, which is comparable to the values

obtained by the measurements.

Although there is a slight decrease in the mean concentration values (primarily in the

coastal area), the values do not change significantly from year to year.

Heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg) and persistent organic compaunds (BaP)

The modeled values of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) concentrations are compared with the

measured values, while values for benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) are significantly underestimated.

However, measurements are carried out in areas with a high impact of local sources so it

is not possible to give a final judgment whether the modeled values are really

underestimated in the areas of the zones where the measurements were not performed.

Spatial distribution of mean annual values of concentrations for heavy metals (Pb, Cd,

Hg) and persistent organic compounds (BaP).

The resolution of spatial distribution model represents the biggest obstacle to the final

assessment. However, taking into account the fact that B(a P is the highest in cities,

agglomerations and industrial centers, it is estimated that rural areas (HR01, HR03, HR04

and HR05) do not exceed the target value of 1 ng/m3 for BaP.


76

Where problems are

identified in (an) air

quality zone(s),

describe how

progress was made

in reducing the

maximum

concentrations

reported (O)

Graphs show the change of the pollutant parameters in the period 2013-2016 based on the

data submitted to EC.

Concentration of PM10

Exceedance of GV occurs only in the lowland continental Croatia. On the measurement

stations that record exceedances of GV, the daily concentration is significantly higher than

allowed. Only one measurement location (Kutina-1) has an average annual concentration

greater than GV. Measurements do not indicate a decrease in annual PM10 concentrations

or the number of GV exceedance for daily PM10 concentrations, but in most cases the data

indicate year-to-year variability as shown in the following figures.

At measurement station Zagreb-1 data indicates year-to-year variability of annual

concentration and number of exceedances at the site.

At Zagreb-3 measurement station there is no significant year-to-year variability of

exceedances. At this location for 2013 and 2014 the corrected data for measurements by

non-reference automatic method are displayed, while for 2015 and 2016 the results of

corrected gravimetric measurements are displayed. Corrected measurement data by the

non-reference automatic method at the Zagreb-3 measurement station in a four-year

period show significant year-to-year variability which is not the same sign, as in Zagreb-

1.

At the location Osijek-1, the annual concentration changes very little and the number of

exceedances has year-to-year variability.

On Sisak-1 all data relates to gravimetric measurements. For the period 2013 - 2016

measurement data performed by non-reference automatic method at Osijek-1 and Kutina-

1 samling locations are corrected with correction functions. Correction functions from

Zagreb-1 station were used for Osijek-1, and correction functions from Sisak-1 station

were used for Kutina-1.

At Sisak-1 location data show year-to-year variability, ie there is no clear trend.

At location Kutina-1 data show a significant increase in GV daily concentrations, and in

2015 and 2016 the exceedence of GV for annual PM10 concentrations were noted.


77

Concentrations of PM2.5

At the location Slavonski Brod-1 measurements indicates point on exceedance of the

PM2.5 limit value. Corrected measurement data by automatic non-reference method give

slightly higher values than the gravimetric measurements in 2015 and 2016 as shown in

the figure below. The PM2.5 measurements at the location Velika Gorica started in May

2015 and showed exceedance of GV in 2016, and an action plan is yet to be created for

that location.

Concentrations of B(a)P in PM10

The annual concentrations of B(a)P at Zagreb-1 and Sisak-1 locations are increasing from

2013 to 2015 and then falling in 2016. At the location Zagreb-3 measurements began in

June 2014, and the concentrations also show a fall in 2016. At locations Zagreb-1 and

Sisak-1 changes in annual concentration of B(a)P in PM10 do not follow changes in annual

PM10 concentrations.

Concentrations of NO2

NO2 has been exceeded only at one of stations that are used for reporting to EC. Annual

NO2 concentration was higher than the limit value at Zagreb-1 station in 2015 and 2016,

while in 2014 it was at the border of it (40 g/m3). Due to the insufficient data coverage

for 2015, no annual average NO2 concentration has been reported. Concentration values

in the graph shown a small variability around the limit value.

Benzene (C6H6)

Benzene has only been exceeded at one of the stations used for reporting to EC ie at station

Sisak-1. In all years the data coverage was less than 90%. In 2016 due to too little data

coverage (20%), no mean annual concentration was reported. In 2013 and 2015, data


78

coverage was 86% and in 2014 81%. The average annual benzene concentrations

increased significantly in 2015 and this is the first and only year for which the exceedance

for benzene was submitted.

Ozone (O3)

In the period from 2013 to 2016, the number of measurement stations for which there are

data on excedance of target value for ground-level ozone, has increased. The largest data

coverage during the observed four-year period have measurement stations in the

agglomerations Rijeka and Zagreb, showing a high year-to-year variability of

exceedances for ground-level ozone. At rural stations (Desinić, Parg, Hum, Žarkovica),

despite the coverage of less than 90% in some years, the number of exceeded CV is higher

than the allowed number.

As can be seen in the figure, the number of exceedances for the ground-level has a

significant year-to-year variability. On the annually determined number of exceedances is

also affected by the coverage of data which was at some stations less than 90% in the

summer period when all exceed the target values. On values of the three-year averages of

the number of days exceedances of CV, also affects the data coverage.

The coverage of data on rural stations also affects the value of the three-year average

because there is a possibility that some of exceedances have not been noted. However, the

level of ground-level ozone in summer in rural areas of continental Croatia (HR 1), and

in particular coastal Croatia (HR 3, HR 4, HR 5) is so high that even in cases where data

coverage in summer is less than 90% there are more than 25 exceedances of CV.


79

4.3. CURRENT TRANSBOUNDARY IMPACT OF NATIONAL EMISSION

SOURCES

This section provides information on the overall transboundary impact of national emissions on other EU

Member States and vice versa.

Table 2.4.3 below gives the current cross-border impact of domestic emission sources.

2.4.3. Current transboundary impact of national emission sources (M where relevant)

Where

relevant,

describe the

current

transboundar

y impact of

domestic

emission

sources (M)

Each country contributes to cross-border pollution, with the greatest impact on neighbouring

countries. Specific reports for each individual country, produced by the Norwegian Meteorological

Institute, provide an overview of cross-border pollution of major pollutants, ground-level ozone and

particles and form an integral part of the EMEP "Status Report". Quantification of the contribution

of individual countries to cross-border pollution is based on the source-receptor calculations carried

out using the EMEP's uniformed model. Input data for the model are emission data and

meteorological data, and modelling results are presented, among other things, for SO2, NOx and

NH3.

Numerous countries contribute to pollution in Croatia. In the transboundary transfer of sulphur

compounds and their final deposition on the territory of the Republic of Croatia, the biggest

contribution is the neighbouring Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, while Italy contributes most

to pollution caused by nitrogen compounds (NOx, NH3).

The share of cross-border precipitation in total sedimentation suggests that almost all of the

precipitated NOx in the entire area is outside the borders of Croatia. With regard to SOx, the largest

share of cross-border precipitation was recorded in the area of eastern Croatia and Dalmatia. Gorski

kotar and Dalmatia areas where a large cross-border contribution (more than 90 percent) was

established in total NH3 deposition.

The graph of cross-border precipitation of SO2 and NOx (as oxide N, red N and sumed) is given in

the figures below.

In case

quantitative

data is used to

describe the

results of the

assessment,

specify data

and

methodologies

used to conduct

the above

assessment (O)

SO2-S

51 kt/god

77 kt/god

288 kt/god

314 kt/god

66%34%

From the total amount of sulfur compounds, 66% is exported by the Republic of Croatia, of which

50% comes from combustion in thermal power plants, 24% from the manufacturing process sector,

17% from industrial combustion, 7% from combustion in non-industrial combustion plants, while

the remaining 2% refers to other mobile sources.


80

Looking at the balance of exports and imports of sulfur compounds, in the year 2014, the Republic

of Croatia was large importer of emissions (the imported emission was 5.6 times higher than the

exported). In the transboundary transmission of sulfur compounds and their final deposition on the

territory of the Republic of Croatia, the biggest contribution is the neighboring Republic of Bosnia

and Herzegovina and Serbia with 23%.

Oxid N

218 kt/god

240 kg/god

9%

218 kt/god

240 kt/god

91%

From the total amount of nitrogen compounds (shown as oxide N), the Republic of Croatia exports

91% overseas, of which 44% comes from road traffic, 19% from other mobile sources, 14% from

combustion in thermal power plants, 12% from combustion in non-industrial combustion while the

remaining 11% refers to combustion in industry.

Looking at the balance of exports and imports of nitrogen compounds, the Republic of Croatia in

2014 exported the same amount of nitrogen compounds (oxide N) as it was imported. In the

transboundary transfer of nitrogen compounds (depicted as oxide N) and their final deposition on

the territory of the Republic of Croatia, the largest contribution has the neighbouring Italy with 22%.


81

Red N

136 kt/god

204 kt/god

67%33%

204 kt/god

272 kt/god

From the total amount of nitrogen compounds (shown in red N), the Republic of Croatia exports

67% overseas, of which 61% comes from the agricultural sector and the remaining 39% from the

production process sector.

Considering the balance of exports and imports of nitrogen compounds (red N), in the year 2014,

the Republic of Croatia was large importer of emissions (the imported emission was 1.5 times higher

than the exported). In the transboundary transfer of nitrogen compounds (shown as red N) and their

final deposition on the territory of the Republic of Croatia, the largest contribution has the

neighboring Italy with 17%..

Oxid+Red N


82

From the total amount of nitrogen compounds (shown as sum of oxides and red N), the Republic of

Croatia exports 80% overseas, of which 44% comes from the road transport sector, 18% from other

mobile sources, 13% from thermal power plants, 12% from non- industrial combustion, 3% from

the agricultural sector and the remaining 2% from the manufacturing process sector.

Looking at the balance of exports and imports of nitrogen compounds (shown as sum of oxide and

red N), Croatia was large importer of emissions in 2014 (the imported emission was 1.2 times higher

than exported). In the transboundary transfer of nitrogen compounds (shown as the sum of oxides N

and red N) and their final deposition on the territory of the Republic of Croatia, the largest

contribution is the neighboring Italy with 19%.

Report: ''Norweigan Meteorological Institute: Transboundary air pollution by main pollutants (S, N,

O3) and PM, Croatia, 2014.'' was used for the quantitative analysis.

5. PROJECTED FURTHER EVOLUTION ASSUMING NO CHANGE TO

ALREADY ADOPTED POLICIES AND MEASURES

This Chapter corresponds to the chapter of the Format 2.5. „Projected further evolution assuming

no change to already adopted policies and measures“.

An overview of further level of ambition that Croatia can achieve with the aim of improving air

pollution mitigation is given.

The list and descriptions of measures are based on the Report on implementation of PaM for emission

mitigations and increasing outflow of greenhouse gases (HAOP, 2017) with the addition of measures

that refer only to pollutant emissions and to the removal of measures that refer only to greenhouse

gas emissions.

PaM are presented by the following sectors:

energy,

transport,

industrial processes and product use,

waste management,

agriculture,

other (inter-sectoral) PaM.

EU Emission Trading System (EU ETS), as a common EU, transnational, inter-sectoral measure, is

listed with other (inter-sectoral) PaM.

Table 4-1 gives an overview, and in Annex 1 of the Programme descriptions of currently applied and

adopted PaMs, whose impact is integrated into the scenario with the existing measures (WM scenario).

According to definition (Paragraph 11, UNFCCC, 2016, cited in EMEP GB 2016):

- applied measures are those for which applies:

a) the national legal framework was adopted;

b) OR one or more voluntary agreements have been established;

c) OR the financial resources are allocated;

d) OR human resources are mobilized;

- adopted measures are those for which there are official national decisions and there is a

clear commitment for the continuation of implementation.


83

Table 4-1: Overview of adopted and applied PaMs whose impact is integrated into the scenario with existing measures (WM scenario)

Name and short

description (below the

table) of a particular PaM

or PaM package:

Which pollutant(s) is

affected:

SO2, NOx, NMVOC,

NH3, PM2.5, BC as a

component of PM2.5, other (eg. Hg, dioxins,

GHG):

Targets of a particular PaM

or PaM package:

Type(s) of

PaM:

Primary and,

where

appropriate, the

secondary

sector(s) under

influence:

Status

(Applied /

Adopted):

Start of

applicatio

n:

Body(s) responsible for application:

Refer to those listed in Table 2.3.2. if necessary

Type Name

MEN-1: National plan for

the increase of the number of

nearly-zero energy buildings

All pollutants, CO2

improvement of building

efficiency, increase of

renewable energy

regulatory,

economic,

planned

energy

consumption,

energy supply

applied 2014 National authorities

Ministry of construction and physical planning

MEN-2: Program for energy

renovation of the apartment

buildings

All pollutants, CO2


efficiency, increase of renewable energy

economic

energy

consumption, energy supply

applied 2014 National

authorities

Ministry of construction and physical planning,

Environmental protection and energy

efficiency fund

MEN-3: Program for the increase of energy efficiency

and use of renewable energy

sources in commercial non-

residential buildings

All pollutants, CO2


efficiency, increase of

renewable energy

economic

energy

consumption,

energy supply


Ministry of environmental protection and

energy,



efficiency fund

MEN-4: Program for the energy renovation of family

dwellings

All pollutants, CO2 improvement of building efficiency, increase of

renewable energy

economic energy consumption,

energy supply


authorities


Ministry of regional development and

EU funds, Environmental protection and energy

efficiency fund

MEN-5: Program for the energy renovation of public

buildings

All pollutants, CO2 improvement of building efficiency, increase of

renewable energy

economic potrošnja energije,

opskrba energijom applied 2014

National

authorities



efficiency fund,

Agency for legal transport and real

estate intermediation

MEN-6: Energy

management in the public

sector

All pollutants, CO2

improving efficiency in services

/ tertiary sector, demand

management / decrease

regulatory energy consumption


Agency for legal transport and real

estate intermediation, National coordinating body for energy

efficiency

MEN-7: Measurement and

informative calculation of

energy consumption

All pollutants, CO2 demand management / decrease regulatory,

informative

energy

consumption applied 2014

National

authorities


and energy, energy distributors

MEN-8: Labelling the energy efficiency of

household appliances

All pollutants, CO2 improving efficiency of devices regulatory,

informative

energy


National

authorities


and energy

MEN-9: Eco-design of

energy-using products All pollutants, CO2 improving efficiency of devices

regulatory, informative

energy consumption


Ministry of environmental protection and energy


84

Name and short



or PaM package:


affected:

SO2, NOx, NMVOC,

NH3, PM2.5, BC as a component of PM2.5,

other (eg. Hg, dioxins,

GHG):


or PaM package:

Type(s) of

PaM:

Primary and,

where

appropriate, the

secondary

sector(s) under

influence:

Status

(Applied /

Adopted):

Start of

applicatio

n:



Type Name

MEN-10: Promotion of energy efficiency and

implementation of measures

through energy services

model

All pollutants, CO2


efficiency;

improving efficiency in services / tertiary sector;

improving efficiency in end use

industrial branches

informative energy consumption


National coordinating body for energy

efficiency,

ESCO companies

MEN-11 Program for the

reduction of energy poverty All pollutants, CO2


efficiency,

improving efficiency of devices, demand management / decrease

economic,

regulatory

energy

consumption adopted 2017

National

authorities

Ministry of environmental protection and energy,

Ministry for demography, family, youth

and social policy, Environmental protection and energy

efficiency fund

MEN-12: Education in the

area of energy efficiency All pollutants, CO2 demand management / decrease educational

energy


National

authorities

Croatian employment service, Agency for vocational education and

adult education

MEN-13: National program for the energy efficiency in

public lighting

All pollutants, CO2 improving efficiency in services

/ tertiary sector economic

energy


National

authorities


and energy, National coordinating body for energy

efficiency, Environmental protection and energy

efficiency fund and EU funds

MEN-14: Green public

procurement

All pollutants, CO2, CH4,

N2O

improving efficiency in services / tertiary sector,

improving efficiency of devices,

increase of renewable energy,

improvement of vehicle

efficiency

regulatory

energy

consumption,

energy supply,

transport


authorities


and energy, Ministry of economy, entrepreneurship

and crafts,

Central state bureau for central public

procurement,


efficiency

MEN-15: Energy audits in

industry

All pollutants, CO2, CH4, N2O


industrial branches,

demand management / decrease


energy

consumption,

energy supply



and energy,

Ministry of economy, entrepreneurship and crafts,


efficiency fund

MEN-16: Industrial Energy

Efficiency Network (MIEE)


N2O



demand management / decrease

voluntary

energy

consumption,

energy supply


authorities

Croatian chamber of economy, National coordinating body for energy

efficiency,

Environmental protection and energy efficiency fund


85

Name and short



or PaM package:


affected:

SO2, NOx, NMVOC,



GHG):


or PaM package:

Type(s) of

PaM:

Primary and,

where

appropriate, the

secondary

sector(s) under

influence:

Status

(Applied /

Adopted):

Start of

applicatio

n:



Type Name

MEN-17: Increase of the use

of renewable energy sources and energy efficiency in

industry sector


improving efficiency in

industrial branches of end use, demand management / decrease,

increase of renewable energy

economic

energy

consumption,

energy supply



and energy,

National coordinating body for energy efficiency,


efficiency fund

MEN-18: Feed-in tariffs and

premium system for the support of the use of

renewable energy sources in

electricity generation and for

the efficient cogeneration

All pollutants, CO2 increase of renewable energy economic,

regulatory energy supply applied 2007

National

authorities


and energy, Croatian energy market operator

MEN-19: Program for the

energy efficiency in heating

and cooling

All pollutants, CO2


efficiency,

reducing losses, improving efficiency in the sector of

energy and transformation

economic,


energy


adopted 2016 National

authorities


and energy,

Ministry of construction and physical

planning

MEN-20: Promotion of the

use of renewable energy sources and energy

efficiency by HBOR




industrial branches

economic

energy

consumption,

energy supply


Croatian bank for reconstruction and development

MEN-21: Promotion of the use of renewable energy

sources and energy

efficiency by FZOEU (The Environmental Protection

and Energy Efficiency Fund)

resources


N2O



efficiency,

improving efficiency in services

/ tertiary sector,

improving efficiency of devices, improving efficiency in end use


demand management / decrease, improvement of vehicle

efficiency,

modal shift to public transport or non-motorized transport,

alternative fuels / electric

automobiles,

demand management / decrease,

improved behavior

economic,

regulatory

energy consumption,

energy supply,

transport


authorities

Ministry of environmental protection and energy,


efficiency fund


86

Name and short



or PaM package:


affected:

SO2, NOx, NMVOC,



GHG):


or PaM package:

Type(s) of

PaM:

Primary and,

where

appropriate, the

secondary

sector(s) under

influence:

Status

(Applied /

Adopted):

Start of

applicatio

n:



Type Name

MEN-22: CO2 emission tax

for the non-ETS stationary

sources

All pollutants, CO2


transfer to less carbon-intensive fuels

Taxation

energy



authorities


and energy,

Ministry of finance, Environmental protection and energy

efficiency fund

MEN-23: Revitalization and

energy efficiency in existing thermal and hydro power

plants

All pollutants, CO2


reducing losses, improving efficiency in the

sector of energy and

transformation, installation of pollution

reduction techniques

voluntary, regulatory

energy supply applied 2014 Other HEP-Proizvodnja d.o.o.

MEN-24: Reconstruction

and renovation of the heating

and steam network

All pollutants, CO2


sector of energy and

transformation

regulatory,

economic energy supply applied 2014 Other HEP-Toplinarstvo d.o.o.

MEN-25: Operation of

power system and development of the

transmission and distribution

network

All pollutants, CO2



sector of energy and transformation

economic, regulatory

energy supply applied 2014 Other Croatian transmission system operator, HEP-Distribution System Operator

MEN-26: Reduction of

volatile organic compounds emissions occurring during

the loading of motor vehicles

with gasoline at service

stations

NMVOC, CO2

reducing losses,

installation of pollution


economic,

regulatory

energy, fugitive

emissions, road

transport


authorities


and energy

MEN-27: Reduction of volatile organic compounds

emissions occurring during

the storage and distribution

of gasoline

NMVOC, CO2

reducing losses,




energy, fugitive emissions



MEN-28: Quality control of

liquid petroleum fuels SO2, NMVOC alternative energy supply

economic,

regulatory energy applied 2002

National

authorities


and energy

MEN-29: Limiting

emissions of pollutants for

non-road mobile machinery

CO, VOC, NOx, PM2,5,

PM10


reduction techniques regulatory transport applied 2008

National

authorities State office for metrology


87

Name and short



or PaM package:


affected:

SO2, NOx, NMVOC,



GHG):


or PaM package:

Type(s) of

PaM:

Primary and,

where

appropriate, the

secondary

sector(s) under

influence:

Status

(Applied /

Adopted):

Start of

applicatio

n:



Type Name

MTR-1 Providing information to consumers on

fuel economy and CO2

emission of new passenger

cars

All pollutants, CO2


efficiency, alternative fuels / electric automobiles,

improved behavior

informative transport applied 2007 National authorities


MTR-2: Training for drivers

of road vehicles for eco-

driving

All pollutants, CO2 improved behavior educational transport applied 2011 National

authorities

Ministry of the interior, Ministry of environmental protection

and energy,

Environmental protection and energy efficiency fund,


efficiency

MTR-3: Obligation for the

use of biofuels in transport All pollutants, CO2

alternative fuels / electric

automobiles

regulatory,

economic,

taxation

transport applied 2010 National

authorities


and energy

MTR-4: Special fee for

environment on the motor

vehicles

All pollutants, CO2



improved behavior

taxation, economic

transport applied 2014 National authorities

Ministry of environmental protection and nature,

Ministry of finance, Environmental protection and energy

efficiency fund

MTR-5: Special tax on

motor vehicles All pollutants, CO2



improved behavior

Taxation, economic

transport applied 2015 National authorities


and nature,

Ministry of finance

MTR-6: Financial incentives

for the purchase of plug-in

hybrid and electric vehicles

All pollutants, CO2


efficiency, alternative fuels / electric automobiles

economic transport applied 2014 National

authorities


and nature,


efficiency fund

MTR-7: Development of

infrastructure for alternative

fuels

All pollutants, CO2 alternative fuels / electric automobiles

regulatory, economic

transport applied 2014

National

authorities,

Regional authorities,

Local

Authorities

Ministry of the sea, transport and infrastructure,


and nature, Ministry of construction and physical

planning,

Ministry of finance, Ministry of the interior,

Local and regional government units,



88

Name and short



or PaM package:


affected:

SO2, NOx, NMVOC,



GHG):


or PaM package:

Type(s) of

PaM:

Primary and,

where

appropriate, the

secondary

sector(s) under

influence:

Status

(Applied /

Adopted):

Start of

applicatio

n:



Type Name

MTR-8: Promotion of integrated and intelligent

transport systems and

alternatives fuels in urban

areas

All pollutants, CO2

alternative fuels / electric automobiles,

improved traffic infrastructure,

modal shift to public transport or non-motorized transport

planned transport applied 2014

National

authorities,


Local

Authorities

Ministry of environmental protection and nature,

Local and regional government units,


MTR-9: Monitoring,

reporting and verification of greenhouse gas emissions in

the lifetime of liquid fuels

All pollutants, CO2 alternative fuels / electric regulatory transport applied 2012 National authorities


and energy, Croatian agency for the environmental

protection and nature

MTR-10: Prevention and

control of the ship emissions

to air

SOx, NOx, VOC,

substances that damage

the ozone

alternative transport regulatory transport applied 2005 National authorities

Ministry of the sea, transport and

infrastructure Ministry of environmental protection

and nature

MTR-11: Limiting emission

of pollutants from road

vehicles

CO, VOC, NOx, PM2,5, PM10

implementation of technologies

for emission reduction of vehicles, improved vehicle

efficiency

regulatory transport applied 2008 National authorities

State office for metrology

MIP-1: Reducing emissions of volatile organic

compounds in solvent use

sector

NMVOC, CO2 emission mitigation economic,

regulatory

industrial

processes and product use


authorities


and energy

MAG-0: Implementation of

the Rural Development

Programme 2014-2020

CH4, N2O

other activities that improve the

management of agricultural

land, activities for improvement of grazing, other agriculture

regulatory,

economic agriculture applied 2018

National

authorities

Ministry of agriculture,

Paying Agency for Agriculture,

Fisheries and Rural Development

MWM-1: Preventing the

generation and reducing the

amount of municipal waste

NMVOC, PM2,5, CH4

demand management / decrease, reduction of waste disposal

source-based

pollution

control, economic

instruments,

regulatory instruments,

education,

planning

waste

management /

waste

applied 2013

Nacionalne

vlasti,

Regionalne vlasti,

Lokalne

vlasti


Regional government unit (JRS) / City

of Zagreb and large cities Local government unit (JLS)


89

Name and short



or PaM package:


affected:

SO2, NOx, NMVOC,



GHG):


or PaM package:

Type(s) of

PaM:

Primary and,

where

appropriate, the

secondary

sector(s) under

influence:

Status

(Applied /

Adopted):

Start of

applicatio

n:



Type Name

MWM-2: Increasing the

amount of separately

collected and recycled municipal waste

NMVOC, PM2,5,

CH4

demand management / decrease, increased recycling, reduction of

waste disposal

source-based

pollution

control, economic

instruments,

regulatory instruments

waste management

/ waste applied 2013

National authorities,

Regional

authorities, Local

Authorities


and energy Regional government unit (JRS) / City

of Zagreb and large cities

Local government unit (JLS)

MWM-3 Methane and NMVOC flaring

NMVOC i CH4

improvement of processing

technology,

improved landfill management

economic

instruments, regulatory

instruments

waste management / waste

applied 2013

National

authorities,


Local

Authorities




MWM-4: Reducing the

amount of disposed biodegradable municipal

waste

NMVOC, PM2,5, NH3, CH4

increased recycling,

improvement of processing technology, reduction of waste

disposal

source-based

pollution

control,

regulatory instruments


applied 2013

National

authorities,


Local

Authorities


and energy



MWM-5: Use of biogas for

electricity and heat

generation

CO2, CH4 improvement of processing technology

economic

instruments, regulatory

instruments


applied 2013

National

authorities,


Local

Authorities


Regional govenrment unit (JRS) / City

of Zagreb and large cities, Local government unit (JLS)

MCC-1: Committee for

inter-sectoral coordination of policies and measures for

mitigation and adaptation to

climate change

All greenhouse gases multi-sectoral policy regulatory inter-sectoral applied 2014 National

authorities


and energy, competent ministries

MCC-2: System for the

measurement and verification of energy

savings

CO2, pollutants

energy consumption,

transport,

energy production

informative, regulatory

inter-sectoral applied 2015 National authorities

National coordinating body for energy efficiency

MCC-3: Promotion of the use of innovative

information and

communication technologies (ICT) to reduce greenhouse

gas emissions

CO2, pollutants multi-sectoral policy informative inter-sectoral applied 2014 National

authorities


and energy, Ministry of economy,

entrepreneurship and crafts, Ministry of construction and physical

planning,

Croatian agency for the environmental protection and nature


90

Name and short



or PaM package:


affected:

SO2, NOx, NMVOC,



GHG):


or PaM package:

Type(s) of

PaM:

Primary and,

where

appropriate, the

secondary

sector(s) under

influence:

Status

(Applied /

Adopted):

Start of

applicatio

n:



Type Name

MCC-4: European Emission

Trading System CO2, N2O, pollutants

energy production,

energy consumption, industrial processes

economic inter-sectoral applied 2013 National

authorities

European Commission,


and energy, Croatian agency for the environment

and nature

MCC-5 Use of funds

obtained from the sales of

EU ETS emission allowances through auctions

for the GHG emission

reduction measures

All greenhouse gases, pollutants

multi-sectoral policy economic

inter-sectoral



and energy, Environmental protection and energy

efficiency fund

MCC-6: Preparation of

National Feasibility Study

with the action plan for the

preparatory activities for

CCS projects in Croatia

CO2 multi-sectoral policy planned inter-sectoral planed 2018 National

authorities


and energy

MCC-7: Energy efficiency

obligation scheme CO2, all pollutants

energy consumption, energy

production, transport economic inter-sectoral adopted 2018

National

authorities


and energy

MCC-8: Environmental

permit All pollutants


reduction techniques, multi-sectoral policy


energy,

industrial processes and

product use,

agriculture

(farms),

waste (landfills)



MCC-9: Tax on SO2 and

NOx emissions for

individual sources

SO2, NOx multi-sectoral policy economic,

regulatory

energy, Industrial

processes and

product use


authorities


and energy

MCC-10: Determination and control of emission limit

values of pollutants in air

from stationary sources

All pollutants multi-sectoral policy

source-based

pollution

control, economic,

regulatory

energy, Industrial

processes and

product use


authorities


and energy


91

5.1. PROJECTED EMISSIONS AND EMISSION REDUCTIONS (WM

SCENARIO)

In this chapter, an overview of the emission projections for 2020, 2025 and 2030, with existing

measures (WM scenario) for SO2, NOx, NMVOC, NH3 and PM2,5.

Existing PaMs included in the WM scenario are listed in Chapter 4 in Table 4-1, and their description

is given in Appendix 1 of the this Professional background.

In the following Table 2.5.1. emission projection and reduction for the WM scenario are presented

2.5.1. Projected emissions and emission reductions (WM scenario)

Pollutants

(M)

Total emissions (kt), consistent

with inventories for year x-2 or

x-3 (year to be specified) (M)

Projected % emission

reduction achieved

compared with 2005 (M)

National

emission

reduction

commitme

nt for 2020-

2029 (%)

(M)

National

emission

reduction

commitment

from 2030

(%) (M)

20

05

ba

se

yea

r

20

20:

20

25:

20

30:

20

20:

20

25

20

30:

SO2 58.72 10.08 9.71 9.38 82.83 83.47 84.02 55 83

NOx 84.46 41.09 36.58 33.58 51.35 56.69 60.24 31 57

NMVOC 117.02 51.68 49.09 47.62 55.84 58.05 59.30 34 48

NH3 42.21 33.53 34.08 35.59 20.57 19.26 15.68 1 25

PM2,5 40.85 18.53 16.95 15.55 54.63 58.49 61.94 18 55

Outline the associated uncertainties for the WM

projections to meet the emission reduction

commitments for 2020, 2025 and 2030 onwards (O)

The uncertainty of the WM emission projection is related to

GDP growth, the Influence of change in temperature on

heating and cooling energy demand, Hydrology in the

production of hydroelectric power and the development of

agriculture22 as outlined below.

GDP growth

The increase of GDP is assumed by 2050 in all analysed

scenarios in average of 1.66% by 2050 which makes a

nominal increase of 78% compared to 2010. In an optimistic

macroeconomic scenario, Croatian economy is expected to

grow at an average annual rate of 2.15% by 2050

(demographic projection remains the same as in the main

scenario). The resulting increase in real GDP per capita by

2050 is about 138% in comparison with 2012. A faster closure

of the development gap than the EU average can be expected.

Therefore, Croatia reaches 91% of the EU average

development level by 2050 in an optimistic scenario.

However, according to the pessimistic macroeconomic

scenario, an average annual growth rate of 0.8% and a

cumulative rise in real GDP per capita of only 44% is expected

by 2050. The assumption is that growth would be slower than

the growth of the total EU, thus real per capita income in

Croatia could drop to 55% in comparison to current EU

average level of about 60%.

22 Stručne podloge za izradu Strategije niskougljičnog razvoja Republike Hrvatske za razdoblje do 2030. s pogledom na 2050. godinu,

Zelena knjiga, 2015. /2017.(MZOE) i Stručne podloge za izradu Strategije niskougljičnog razvoja Republike Hrvatske za razdoblje do

2030. s pogledom na 2050. godinu, Bijela knjiga, 2015./2017 (MZOE)


92

Influence of change in temperature on heating and cooling

energy demand

Change in temperature will affect the decrease in heating

energy demand, but on the other side, it will increase the

cooling energy demand. The goal of climate policy is to keep

the global temperature rise within 2°C. The temperature

increase has been determined in Croatia since the

measurements have been carried out. An increase of about

1°C is assumed by 2050.

Heating requirements. The indoor temperature in buildings is

mainly 20°C but the temperature of the heated rooms is

usually maintained at the level up to 24°C. In addition to these

assumptions, the reduction in heat required for heating could

be between 7.7 and 11.3% in the continental part of Croatia

and between 12.7 and 24.2% in the coastal part of Croatia.

Cooling requirements. Unlike heating requirements, there is

no such dependence between the need for comfortable cooling

and the outdoor air temperature, since in the influence of heat

gains due to solar radiation is dominant in this case. At the

moment it is not possible to estimate the influence of external

temperature change on cooling requirements due to data

availability. The only possible estimation suggests that the

impact will be less expressed comparing to heating

requirements.

Other impacts on energy. Changes in temperature,

precipitation and wind energy will affect the production of

renewable energy sources. These impacts need to be

quantified and embedded in operational planning, especially

at the regional and local level where large variations are

possible.

Hydrology in the production of hydroelectric power

Generation from large hydropower plants varies from 4 TWh

to 8 TWh, depending on hydrology. This represents 20% or

40% of the total electricity generation in Croatia.

Emissions from the electroenergy sector can vary

considerably based on the cycles of dry and humid years that

can last for several years. The lack of generation from

hydropower plants is supplemented by increased production

from thermal power plants or by increased imports.

Development of agriculture

The characteristics of agriculture in Croatia are extremely

small estates. The average family farm has only 2 hectares.

According to the 2003 Agriculture Census, only 20% of the

processed land is in private ownership with an average of 159

hectares. The similar situation is in the field of cattle breeding.

Thus, for example, 96% of all diary producers own only 15

cows while 90% of pork production is handled by 200,000

small farms where 170,000 farms have less than 10 pigs. Such

fragmentation and predominantly old populations prevent

faster development. Agriculture will change slowly thus

Croatia will have a big challenge in emissions.


93

Below are figures with graphs that present emission projections and emission reductions for WM

scenario.

SO2

Figure 4-1: Trend and projections of SO2 emissions for WM scenario

Projections show that it is expected to meet the emission quota and emission reduction commitments

SO2 for both predicted periods. Emissions in 2016 are 44.3% below the emission reduction

commitment for 2020, and a further decrease is expected to continue with the implementation of

measures, although significantly lower than in the period from 2005 to 2016. In the period from 2020

to 2030, an additional SO2 emission reduction of 6.9% in the WM scenario is expected, which would

reduce emissions in 2030 by 6% below the 2030 emission reduction commitment in the WM scenario.

The main impact on emission reductions is fuel replacement measures and the application of

desulphurisation technology in the energy transformation sector.

NOx

Figure 4-2: Trend and projections of NOX emissions for WM scenario

Projections show that it is expected to meet the emission quota and and emission reduction

commitment for NOx. Emissions in 2016 are already 6.6% below the emission reduction commitment

for 2020, and with the continuation of measures, primarily in the transport sector, an added reduczion

is expected. In the period from 2020 to 2030, an additional emission reduction of 18.3% is expected

in the WM scenario, which would lead to a reduction of emissions in 2030 by 3.9% below the 2030

emission reduction commitment in the WM scenario. The main impact on emission reductions is the

0,00

20,00

40,00

60,00

80,00

100,00

120,00

140,00

160,00

180,00

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

kt

SO

2

Povijesni trend Kvota, od 2010.Scenarij s mjerama (WM) Obveza, od 2020. do 2029.Obveza, od 2030.

0,00

20,00

40,00

60,00

80,00

100,00

120,00

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

kt

NO

x



94

application of measures for reduction of emission limits from vehicles, the use of alternative fuels in

the transport sector, the greater use of public transport and bicycles, and the intermodal transport.

NH3

Figure 4-3: Trend and projections of NH3 emissions for WM scenario

In the historical period, the trend is above the emission quota of 30 kt but the emission in 2016 is by

16.2% below the emission reduction commitment for 2020. Projections in the WM scenario show

that it is expected to meet the NH3 emission reduction commitment for 2020. However, given that the

key source of NH3 emissions is the agriculture sector, which is expected to increase the number of

livestock, there is no significant further decline in emission in the WM scenario. In the period from

2020 to 2030 it is expected that emissions will increase by 6%, which would lead to an increase in

emissions in 2030 by 12% compared to the emission reduction commitment for 2030.

NMHOS

Figure 4-4: Trend and projections of NMVOC emissions for WM scenario

Projections show that the NMVOC emission quota and and the emission reduction commitment are

expected to meet. Emissions in 2016 are already 9.5% below the level of emission reduction

commitments for 2020, and the continuation of measures implementation, primarily in the residential

sector, an additional reduction is expected. In the period 2020 - 2030, an additional emission reduction

of 7.8% in the WM scenario is expected, which would lead to the emission reduction in 2030 by

21.7% below the emission reduction commitment for 2030 in the WM scenario. The main impact on

0,00

10,00

20,00

30,00

40,00

50,00

60,00

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

kt

NH

3


0,00

20,00

40,00

60,00

80,00

100,00

120,00

140,00

160,00

180,00

200,00

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

kt

NM

HO

S



95

emission reductions is the implementation of measures of energy renovation of houses, that reduce

the use of wood for heating, and the replacement of inefficient furnaces. It is expected that the

Industrial process and product use sector will be the dominant source of NMVOC emissions, in which

only a small reduction will occur.

PM2,5

Figure 4-5: Trend and projections of PM2,5 emissions for WM scenario

Projections show that it is expected to meet the emission quota and the emission reduction

commitment for PM2.5. Emissions in 2016 are already 45% below the 2020 the emission reduction

commitment and further reductions are expected to continue with the implementation of measures,

primarily in the residential sector. In the period from 2020 to 2030, an additional emission reduction

of 16.1% in the WM scenario is expected, which would in 2030 lead to emission reduction by 15.4%

below the emission reduction commitment for 2030 in the WM scenario. The main impact on

emission reductions is the implementation of measures of energy renovation of houses, that reduce

the use of wood for heating, and the replacement of inefficient furnaces.

PM10

Figure 4-6: Trend and projections of PM10 emissions for WM scenario

No emission reduction levels have been established for PM10 emissions, and the trend and causes of

emissions correspond to those for PM2.5 emissions.

0,00

5,00

10,00

15,00

20,00

25,00

30,00

35,00

40,00

45,00

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

kt

PM

2,5


0,00

10,00

20,00

30,00

40,00

50,00

60,00

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

kt

PM

10

Povijesni trend Scenarij s mjerama (WM)


96

5.1.1. METHODOLOGY AND MODELS AND KEY ASSUMPTIONS AND PARAMETERS

FOR PREPARATION OF PROJECTIONS (WM SCENARIO)

This chapter describes the projection methodology used for WM and WAM scenarios. The key

assumptions and associated uncertainties of WM scenarios are given in Tables P 2-1 to P 2-12 of

Annex 2 of the Programme.

Details of the methodology/ model(s) used

to determine impacts

In preparing the projections, a software package LEAP (eng. Long-

range Energy Alternatives Planning System).

In the LEAP software package for energy and traffic projections, a

model for the energy sector in Croatia was developed, using specific

methodologies and additional tools for specific categories in the

energy sector. Thus, for the needs of a detailed modeling of the

development and optimization of the power system, a more advanced

model has been used, whose results are integrated into the energy

sector model. For the production of projections for the Industrial

Processes and Product Use sector, Waste sector and Agriculture

Sector, bottom-up engineered simulation models of sectoral data and

individual emission sources have been developed, and greenhouse

gas emissions and emissions of air pollutants are calculated. The

standard methods, procedures and structures used are in accordance

with emission inventories under the United Nations Framework

Convention on Climate Change and the Convention on Long-range

Transboundary Air Pollution. Technical bases used are: "2006 IPCC

Guidelines for National GHG Inventories" and "2016 EMEP / EEA

Air Pollutant Emission Inventory Guidebook: Technical Guidance

To Prepare National Emission Inventories". Some sectoral models

are also integrated into the NUSPCRO model.

The Integrated Model NUSPCRO enables the calculation of

greenhouse gas emissions and emissions of air pollutants and techno-

economic indicators that include all sectors, and model output data

are structured in accordance with the structure of emission

inventories under the United Nations Framework Convention on

Climate Change and the Convention on Long-range Transboundary

Air Pollution. Projections were made by 2030, indicative by 2050,

with a step of one year.

Outline key assumptions and associated

uncertainties Appendix 2 of the Programme:

Table 5-1: Assumptions for projections – Energy and transport;

Table 5-2: Assumptions for projections – Industrial processes and

Product use

Table 5-3: Assumptions for projections – Agriculture

Table 5-4: Assumptions for projections – Waste

Table 5-5 Parameters for projections - general economic parameters

Table 5-6: Parameters for projections – energy sector: total energy

consumption, total electricity generation, ‘with measures’ scenario

Table 5-7: Parameters for projections – energy sector: final energy

consumption

Table 5-8: Parameters for projections – weather parameters

Table 5-9: Parameters for projections – industry

Table 5-10: Parameters for projections – transport

Table 5-11: Parameters for projections – agriculture

Table 5-12: Parameters for projections – waste

The related uncertainties are shown below.


97

5.1.2. SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF PROJECTIONS

In addition to the sensitivity analysis depending on the hydrological conditions, sensitivity analysis

for other parameters crucial for the power system were carried out. The sensitivity was analyzed

depending on the change of the following parameters:

for WM scenario:

o constant prices of Emission Units at the level of 15 EUR / EUA, instead of the price

increase as in the EU 2016 Reference scenario;

o o constant prices of emission units at the level of 15 EUR / EUA, instead of the price

increase as in the EU 2016 Reference scenario, with net imports up to 30% of

electricity instead of scenario without net imports (except nuclear power plant Krško);

An overview of the analysis is shown in Table 4-2 and in Figure 4-7.

Table 4-2: Sensitivity analysis overview Scenario in relation to

which the projection

sensitivity was

analyzed

Changed

parameters Influence on pollutant emissions

WM

The constant

prices of emission

units at the level

of 15 EUR / EUA

instead of the

price increase as

in the EU

Reference

scenario 2016

Keeping the price of the EU ETS at a constant level of EUR 15 /

EUA leads to higher emissions of pollutants due to increased

work of power plants on fossil fuel. SO2 emissions are by 4.7%

higher than emissions in the WM scenario in 2030. In 2040 and

2050, this difference is below 0.3%. With SO2, NOx emissions

increased by 0.5% in 2030, by 2.9% in 2040 and by 6.7% in 2050

compared to WM scenarios. Also, emissions of NMVOC are

higher by 0.2% in 2030 and 2040 and by 1.0% in 2050.

Figure 4-7: Emission Sensitivity Analysis for WM Scenario


98

5.2. PROJECTED IMPACT ON IMPROVING AIR QUALITY (WM

SCENARIO), INCLUDING THE PROJECTED DEGREE OF

COMPLIANCE

In the following table 2.5.2. the Projected improvement in air quality (WM) and the projected degree

of compliance (M) are presented.

Additionally, as part of the table, in the section 2.5.2.1, a qualitative description of the projected

improvement of air quality is given.

2.5.2. Projected impact on improving air quality (WM scenario), including the projected degree of

compliance

2.5.2.1. Qualitative description of projected improvement in air quality (M)

Provide a

qualitative

description of the

projected

improvements in air

quality and

projected further

evolution of degree

of compliance (WM

scenario) with EU

air quality

objectives for NO2,

PM10, PM2,5 and

O3 values, and any

other pollutant(s)

that present(s) a

problem by 2020,

2025 and 2030 (M)

Provide complete

references (chapter

and page) to

publically available

supporting datasets

(e.g. air quality

plans, source

apportionment)

describing the

projected

improvements and

further evolution of

degree of

compliance (M)

Informations on scenarios for implementation of measures from action plans (J form of

e-reporting system) are provided for each of the action plans in the following tables.

Action Plan for the PM10 emissions reduction in the City of Kutina

Pollutant Year of reporting:

2015 2016 2017

PM10

By analyzing ie

calculating the data, it

was concluded that the

implementation of

measures aimed at

reducing energy

consumption would

decrease PM10

emissions by 2020, by

50 t/yr. Industry and

service sectors are

expected to

increasingly undertake

energy efficiency

measures due to

commercial interests.

Comment: The data for

the projection scenario

were obtained from the

Programme for

gradual emission

reduction of certain

pollutants in the

Republic of Croatia for

the period until the end

of 2010, with emission

projections for the

period 2010-2020, and

the Energy renewal

program for family

houses for the period

2014-2020. For a more

detailed calculation of

emissions reductions in

residential, a detailed

survey needs to be

conducted in order to

determine actual

energy consumption

(gas, wood) in

residential sector.

By analyzing ie

calculating the data, it

was concluded that the

implementation of

measures aimed at

reducing energy

consumption would

decrease PM10

emissions by 2020, by

50 t/yr. Industry and

service sectors are

expected to

increasingly undertake

energy efficiency

measures due to

commercial interests.

Comment: The data for

the projection scenario

were obtained from the

Programme for

gradual emission

reduction of certain

pollutants in the

Republic of Croatia for

the period until the end

of 2010, with emission

projections for the

period 2010-2020, and

the Energy renewal

program for family

houses for the period

2014-2020. For a more

detailed calculation of

emissions reductions in

residential, a detailed

survey needs to be

conducted in order to

determine actual

energy consumption

(gas, wood) in

residential sector.

No data


99

Action Plan for the emissions reduction of particulate matter (PM10) in the City of

Osijek


2015 2016 2017

PM10

The emission in WM

scenario is higher in all

observed years than in

the BAU scenario. In

2020 this difference is

48%. This is due to

increase of biomass

share in the final

energy consumption. It

is planned that the

share of biomass in the

Industry and

Construction sector

(only key subsectors)

increased by 9.6 in

2020 and in the

Residential sector by

4.8 times, which

significantly increases

the emission of

particles from the

mentioned sectors.

The emission in WM

scenario is higher in all

observed years than in

the BAU scenario. In

2020 this difference is

48%. This is due to

increase of biomass

share in the final

energy consumption. It

is planned that the

share of biomass in the

Industry and

Construction sector

(only key subsectors)

increased by 9.6 in

2020 and in the

Residential sector by

4.8 times, which

significantly increases

the emission of

particles from the

mentioned sectors.

No data

Action plan for reducing concentrations of particulate matter PM10 in the City of

Sisak


2015 2016 2017

PM10

No scenarios. The

efficiency of the

implementation of the

measures selected for

reducing the

concentration of

particulate matter

PM10 will be

monitored at automatic

measuring stations

located in the City of

Sisak. The action plan

will be in place, until

first air quality

category is achieved

considering the

concentration of

PM10.

No scenarios. The

efficiency of the

implementation of the


reducing the

concentration of

particulate matter

PM10 will be

monitored at automatic

measuring stations

located in the City of

Sisak. The action plan

will be in place, until

first air quality

category is achieved

considering the

concentration of

PM10.

No data

Air Quality Improvement Action Plan for the City of Slavonski Brod

Pollutant Year of reporting: 2017

PM2.5

The basic scenario for reducing emissions of particulate matter is the

energetic renovation of residential houses. By applying energy efficiency

measures and using low-emission wood-firing devices, efforts are made to

reduce emissions during the heating season.

This scenario is based on applying energy efficiency measures to households

using conventional wood-burning stoves and boilers. By switching from

conventional to an energy efficient stoves and boilers, it is possible to reduce

the emission by 50%. By switching from conventional to "eco-label" stoves

and boilers it is possible to reduce emission by 87%. This calculation is

based on EMEP / EEA emission factors.


100

Assuming that energy recovery will cover 20% of houses using wood, it can

be expected to reduce the sector's emissions by 10 to 17%, which will, in the

end, reduce the PM2.5 concentration by about 1.5 μg / m3.

Pollution with particulate matter in the area of Slavonski Brod is

significantly affected by regional and transboundary air pollution. High

levels of background concentrations mean that it is necessary to achieve a

large reduction in local emissions, primarily wood combustion emissions in

residential stoves and boilers, to achieve a limit value for PM2.5. With the

measures of this action plan, the aim is to cost-effectively direct energetic

renovation in the Slavonski Brod area, ie. to stimulate those energy

efficiency measures that give the biggest "savings" of the particulate

emissions. The implementation dynamic of energetic renovation is

determined by available funding and models for their use.

At the national level, the Energetic renovation Program for Family Houses

is being implemented for the period 2014-2020 with a detailed plan for the

period 2014-2016 (Official Gazette No. 43/14 and 36/15). As part of the

implementation of this program, the FZOEU co-finances energy recovery

measures for family houses, which achieve better thermal protection of

housing, increases the energy efficiency of heating systems and encourages

the use of renewable energy sources. The existing model of co-financing of

energetic renovation of family houses implemented by FZOEU refers to

phisical persons, while the earlier model of financing included local self-

government units as intermediaries between the FZOEU and the citizens.

Within the framework of the Operational Programme Competitiveness and

Cohesion 2014-2020, money is provided to promote energy efficiency and

renewable energy sources, as well as environmental protection and resource

sustainability. The means of using these funds do not allow for direct

financing of specific measures behind the action plans, but it is necessary,

in cooperation with the competent Ministry, to find the possibility of

financing energy renewal measures aimed at reducing emissions of

particulate matter in the heating season.

Action Plan for Improving Air Quality in the City of Zagreb


2015 2016 2017

PM10

The PM10 pollution

level analysis shows

that "local particles

pollution" needs to be

reduced by 30-50% to

meet the limit value for

daily PM10

concentrations in the

area of the City of

Zagreb. "Local particle

pollution" means the

level of particle

concentration affected

by the direct emission of

particles from energy

and industrial plants,

residential sources and

road transport at the

City of Zagreb.

The PM10 pollution

level analysis shows

that "local particles

pollution" needs to be

reduced by 30-50% to

meet the limit value for

daily PM10

concentrations in the

area of the City of

Zagreb. "Local

particle pollution"

means the level of

particle concentration

affected by the direct

emission of particles

from energy and

industrial plants,

residential sources

and road transport at

the City of Zagreb.

By reducing of

particulate emission at

sources, pollution

considering PM2.5 will

be reduced to a

sufficient extent to

achieve the limit

values and pollution

considering B(a)P

sufficiently to achieve

the target value.

The required emissions

reduction was

determined on the

basis of daily PM10

concentration analysis

at all measuring

stations in the City of

Zagreb. Withdrawing

the background

pollution (Iskrba,

Slovenia) for each

measuring station, the

contribution of local

sources was

determined. Linear

extrapolation is used to

determine how much

percentage the local

concentration should

be reduced in order to

achieve the permitted

number of exceedances

(35).

It is expected that the

reduction of PM10

emissions by at least

30% in the heating

season in the City of

Zagreb can be

achieved through the

implementation of all

measures directed at

the residetial, services

BaP(PM10) No

reporting obligations


101

and transport sectors.

By reducing of PM10

emissions at source,

pollutantion with

B(a)P in PM10 will be

reduced to a sufficient

extent to achieve the

target value.

Comment: Projections

were not based on

emissions, but analyzes

of the number of

exceedances for daily

PM10 concentrations.

NO2 No

reporting obligations

No

reporting

obligations

The proposed

measures are aimed at

achieving the following

goals: - reducing NOx

emissions by at least

5% annually in the City

of Zagreb, - reducing

NOx emissions by

approximately 20% in

the city center.

Due to the expected

renewal of the vehicle

fleet, ie. the

replacement of about

2% of old vehicles

(EURO 3 and older)

with new vehicles

(EURO 5, EURO 6) is

expected to reduce

emissions from

transport which will

result in the reduction

of urban background

concentrations.

Assuming that the total

number of passenger

cars will not increase,

renewal of the fleet,

practically financed by

the citizens themselves,

the limit values for the

average annual NOx

concentration outside

the „narrow“ city

center can be achieved

in 2 to 5 years.

In the city center for

the achievement of the

NO2 limit value will not

be achieved without

additional restrictions

on road traffic and the

implementation of

measures from the

action plan. Apart from

the emissions, a

significant influence on

the exceedances of the

city limits (measuring

station Đorđićeva) has

a deterioration of the

pollution inside the

canyon and traffic

congestion.


102

Table 2.5.2.2. The quantitative description of the projected improvement of air quality is optional

and the Republic of Croatia has no available data to serve to fulfill the same.

2.5.2.2. Quantitative description of projected improvement of air quality (O)

AAQD value Projected number of non-

compliant air quality zones

Projected number of


Total number of air quality

zones

Sp

ecif

y

bas

e

yea

r

20

20

:

20

25

:

20

30

:

Sp

ecif

y

bas

e

yea

r

20

20

:

20

25

:

20

30

:

Sp

ecif

y

bas

e

yea

r

20

20

:

20

25

:

20

30

:

PM2,5 (1 yr) - - - - - - - - - - - -

NO2 (1 yr) - - - - - - - - - - - -

PM10 (1 yr) - - - - - - - - - - - -

O3 (max. 8 hr

mean)

- - - - - - - - - - - -

Other (please

specify)

- - - - - - - - - - - -


103

6. POLICY OPTIONS CONSIDERED TO COMPLY WITH THE EMISSION

REDUCTION COMMITMENTS FOR 2020, AND 2030, INTERMEDIATE

EMISSION LEVELS FOR 2025, AND STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION

This Chapter corresponds to the chapter of the Format 2.6. Policy options considered to comply

with the emission reduction commitments for 2020, and 2030, intermediate emission levels for

2025, and stakeholder consultation.

6.1. DETAILS CONCERNING THE PaMS CONSIDERED IN ORDER TO

COMPLY WITH THE EMISSION REDUCTION (REPORTING AT PaM

LEVEL) (2.6.1)

This section contains details about PaM options that are considered in order to meet the emission

mitigation commitments (reporting on the PaM level).

Following table 2.6.1. gives an overview of the details on PaM options that are considered in order

to meet emission mitigation commitments (reporting on the PaM level) (M).

Recognized main needs when determining additional PaMs to meet emission mitigation

commitments and to improve air quality are:

- it is necessary to ensure the continued implementation of measures in the period after 2020

with improvements, where it is necessary, considering that the existing PaM is largely

determined for the period by the end of 2020;

- stronger synergy when planning PaM for pollutant emission mitigation and improving air

quality with PaM for the mitigation of GHG emissions, increase of shares of renewable

energy sources and increase of energy efficiency;

- the measures should be adapted and specially planned for the area where the air quality is

disturbed.

Details of the considered PaM are listed below.


104

2.6.1. Details concerning the PaMs considered in order to comply with the emission reduction commitments (reporting at PaM level) (M):

Name and brief

description of

individual PaM or

package of PaMs

(M)23:

Affected

pollutant(s),

select as

appropriate:

SO2, NOx,

NMVOC,

NH3, PM2,5,

(M); BC as a

component of PM2,5, other

(e.g. Hg,

dioxins, GHG) (O) please

specify

Objectives of individual

PaM or package of PaMs

(*) (M)

Type(s) of

PaM(s) (^)

(M)

Primary,

and where

appropriate,

additional

sector(s)

affected (†)

(M)

Implementation

period (M for

measures selected

for

implementation

Authorit(y)(ies)

responsible for

implementation (M for


implementation) Refer

to those listed in table 2.3.2 as appropriate.

Details of

the

methodologi

es used for

analysis

(e.g. specific

models or

methods,

underlying

data) (M)

Quantified expected emission reductions

(for individual PaM or for packages of

PaMs, as appropriate) (kt, per annum

or as a range, compared to WM

scenario) (M)

Qualitative

description of

uncertainties

(M, where

available)

Start Finish Type Name 2020 2025 2030

MEN-P-1: Integration of measures for

pollutant emission

mitigation into planning documents

and projects for the

energy renewal of buildings

NOx, PM10,

PM2,5, CH4, SO2, NMVOC,

NH3, CO2

improved efficiency of

buildings, loss reduction, improvement of device

efficiency

economic,

fiscal,

information, regulatory,

education,

planning

energy consumption

2019,

planned, from 2021

impacts

2030

national

authorities, regional

authorities

MZOE, MGIPU

Chapter 4.1.1.

-

NOx: 0,48

kt,

PM10: 1,17

kt,

PM2,5: 1,14

kt,

SO2: 0,08 kt,

NMVOC:

1,98 kt ,

NH3: 0,28 kt

NOx: 0,92

kt,

PM10: 2,04

kt,

PM2,5: 1,99

kt,

SO2: 0,15 kt,

NMVOC:

3,27 kt,

NH3: 0,45 kt

Chapter 4.1.1

MTR-P-1 Integration

of measures for

pollutant emission mitigation into

planning documents

and projects from road transport

NOx, PM10,

PM2,5, CH4,

SO2, NMVOC, NH3, CO2

implementation of technology to reduce

vehicle emissions,

improved vehicle efficiency, modal shift to

public transport or non-

motorized transport, alternative fuels / electric

automobiles, demand

management / reduction, improved

behavior, improved

transport infrastructure, promoting the use of

bicycles

economic, fiscal,

information,

regulatory, education,

planning

transport

2019,

planned,

from 2021. impacts

2030

national

authorities,

regional authorities

MZOE,

MPPI

Chapter

4.1.1 -

NOx: 0,48

kt,

PM10: 0,05

kt,

PM2,5: 0,03

kt,

SO2: 0,01 kt,

NMVOC:

0,15 kt,

NH3: 0,02 kt

NOx: 0,81

kt,

PM10: 0,09

kt,

PM2,5: 0,05

kt,

SO2: 0,01 kt,

NMVOC:

0,30 kt,

NH3: 0,03 kt

Chapter 4.1.1

23 Descriptions are listed below, after the overview table


105


Name and brief

description of

individual PaM or

package of PaMs

(M)23:

Affected

pollutant(s),

select as

appropriate:

SO2, NOx,

NMVOC,

NH3, PM2,5,

(M); BC as a


(e.g. Hg,


specify



(*) (M)

Type(s) of

PaM(s) (^)

(M)

Primary,

and where

appropriate,

additional

sector(s)

affected (†)

(M)

Implementation

period (M for

measures selected

for

implementation

Authorit(y)(ies)

responsible for





Details of

the

methodologi

es used for

analysis

(e.g. specific

models or

methods,

underlying

data) (M)





scenario) (M)

Qualitative

description of

uncertainties

(M, where

available)


MAG-1: Change in

the diet of cattle and pigs and animal feed

quality

NH3, NOx,

PM10, PM2,5, NMVOC, CH4,

N2O

improved livestock

management, improved animal waste management

systems;

economic agriculture 2018 national authorities

Ministry of Agriculture

Chapter 4.1.1

-

NOx: 0,01

kt,

PM10: 0,01

kt,

PM2,5: 0,00

kt,

NH3: 4,40 kt

NOx: 0,01

kt,

PM10: 0,02

kt,

PM2,5: 0,01

kt,

NH3: 8,55 kt

Chapter 4.1.1

MAG-2: Anaerobic

decomposition of

manure and biogas production

NH3, CH4,

N2O, CO2

improved animal waste

management systems economic agriculture 2018

national authoritie

s

Ministry

of

Agricultu

re, Advisory

services

Chapter

4.1.1 Chapter 4.1.1

MAG-3: Improving

cattle facilities and

system of animal waste management

NH3, NOx,

PM10, PM2,5, NMVOC,

CH4, N2O,

CO2

improved livestock

management, improved

animal waste management systems

economic agriculture 2018 national authoritie

s

Ministry of

Agricultu

re, Advisory

services

Chapter

4.1.1 Chapter 4.1.1

MAG-4: Improvement of

mineral fertilizers

application methods

NH3, NOx,

PM10, PM2,5, N2O

reduction of mineral

fertilizers on agricultural land

economic,

information, planning

agriculture 2020

national

authorities

Ministry

of Agricultu

re,

Advisory services

Chapter

4.1.1 Chapter 4.1.1

MAG-5:

Hydromeliorative interventions and

systems of

protection against natural disasters

NH3, NOx,

PM10, PM2,5, N2O, CO2


fertilizers and manure on agricultural land,

other activities that

improve the management of agricultural land

economic agriculture 2018

national

authorities

Ministry

of Agricultu

re,

Advisory services

Chapter

4.1.1 Chapter 4.1.1


106


Name and brief

description of

individual PaM or

package of PaMs

(M)23:

Affected

pollutant(s),

select as

appropriate:

SO2, NOx,

NMVOC,

NH3, PM2,5,

(M); BC as a


(e.g. Hg,


specify



(*) (M)

Type(s) of

PaM(s) (^)

(M)

Primary,

and where

appropriate,

additional

sector(s)

affected (†)

(M)

Implementation

period (M for

measures selected

for

implementation

Authorit(y)(ies)

responsible for





Details of

the

methodologi

es used for

analysis

(e.g. specific

models or

methods,

underlying

data) (M)





scenario) (M)

Qualitative

description of

uncertainties

(M, where

available)


MAG-6:

Introduction of new cultivars, varieties

and cultures

NH3, NOx,

PM10, PM2,5,

N2O


fertilizers and manure on agricultural land,

other activities that

improve the management

of agricultural land,

other agriculture

information, planning

agriculture 2020

national

authoritie

s

Ministry

of agricultur

e

Chapter 4.1.1

Chapter 4.1.1

MAG-7: Preparation of the

National advisory

principles of good agricultural practice

in accordance with

the Framework principles of good

agricultural practice

for mitigation of

ammonia emissions

of the United

Nations Economic Commission for

Europe from 2014

NH3, NOx,

PM10, PM2,5, NMVOC,

CH4, N2O,

CO2

improved livestock

management, improved animal waste

management systems,

reduction of mineral fertilizers and manure on

agricultural land,

education

planning agriculture 2019 national authoritie

s

Ministry

of

agriculture

Chapter

4.1.1 Chapter 4.1.1

MCC-1: Support for the increase of

administrative,

technical and managerial

capacities of local

communities

NOx, PM10,

PM2,5, SO2,

NMVOC, NH3, CO2,

CH4

Support project for local

communities funded by the LIFE programme

planning

multi-

sectoral policy

2019 2030

national

authorities

MZOE - - - - -


107


Name and brief

description of

individual PaM or

package of PaMs

(M)23:

Affected

pollutant(s),

select as

appropriate:

SO2, NOx,

NMVOC,

NH3, PM2,5,

(M); BC as a


(e.g. Hg,


specify



(*) (M)

Type(s) of

PaM(s) (^)

(M)

Primary,

and where

appropriate,

additional

sector(s)

affected (†)

(M)

Implementation

period (M for

measures selected

for

implementation

Authorit(y)(ies)

responsible for





Details of

the

methodologi

es used for

analysis

(e.g. specific

models or

methods,

underlying

data) (M)





scenario) (M)

Qualitative

description of

uncertainties

(M, where

available)


MCC-2: Support for

preparation of the documents for

providing additional

financial resources for more effective

implementation of

action plans for air quality

improvement

NOx, PM10, PM2,5, SO2,

NMVOC,

NH3, CO2, CH4

preparation of the project

proposal for using resources from the EU

Structural Funds

planning

multi-

sectoral

policy

2019 2030

national

authoritie

s

MZOE - - - - -

MCC-3: Support

to researches

related to PaMs

planning and

monitoring their

effects on

emissions and air

quality

NOx, PM10,

PM2,5, SO2,

NMVOC, NH3,

Establishing cost-

effective measures, and

quantitative monitoring of emission mitigation,

improvements of air

quality and environmental impacts

planning,

research All sectors 2019 2025

Ministrie

s,

authorized entities

MZOE, Ministry

of

science and

education

Models,

methods, databases,

informatio

n platforms

- - - -

The responses to the field indicated with (*), (^) and (†) shall be filled in by using pre-defined reply options which are consistent with the reporting obligations under Regulation (EU) No 525/2013 on a mechanism for monitoring and reporting greenhouse gas emissions and Implementing Regulation (EU) No 749/2014.


108

The responses to the field indicated with (*) shall be filled in by using the following pre-defined reply options, to be selected as appropriate (more than one objective can be selected, additional objectives could be

added and specified under ‘other’) (M):

1. Energy supply:

increase in renewable energy;

switch to less carbon-intensive fuels;

enhanced non-renewable low carbon generation (nuclear);

reduction of losses;

efficiency improvement in the energy and transformation sector;

installation of abatement technologies;

other energy supply.

2. Energy consumption:

efficiency improvements of buildings;

efficiency improvement of appliances;

efficiency improvement in services/tertiary sector;

efficiency improvement in industrial end-use sectors;

demand management/reduction;

other energy consumption.

3. Transport:

deployment of pollution abatement technologies on vehicles, vessels and aircraft;

efficiency improvements of vehicles, vessels and aircraft;

modal shift to public transport or non-motorised transport;

alternative fuels for vehicles, vessels and aircraft (including electric);


improved behaviour;

improved transport infrastructure;

other transport.

4. Industrial processes:

installation of abatement technologies;

improved control of fugitive emissions from industrial processes;

other industrial processes.

5. Waste management/waste:


enhanced recycling;

improved treatment technologies;

improved landfill management;

waste incineration with energy use;

improved wastewater management systems;

reduced landfilling;

other waste.

6. Agriculture:

low-emission application of fertilizer/manure on cropland and grassland;

other activities improving cropland management;

improved livestock management and rearing installations;

improved animal waste management systems;

other agriculture.

7. Cross-cutting:

framework policy;

multi-sectoral policy;


109


Name and brief

description of

individual PaM or

package of PaMs

(M)23:

Affected

pollutant(s),

select as

appropriate:

SO2, NOx,

NMVOC,

NH3, PM2,5,

(M); BC as a


(e.g. Hg,


specify



(*) (M)

Type(s) of

PaM(s) (^)

(M)

Primary,

and where

appropriate,

additional

sector(s)

affected (†)

(M)

Implementation

period (M for

measures selected

for

implementation

Authorit(y)(ies)

responsible for





Details of

the

methodologi

es used for

analysis

(e.g. specific

models or

methods,

underlying

data) (M)





scenario) (M)

Qualitative

description of

uncertainties

(M, where

available)


other cross-cutting.

8. Other:

Member States must provide a brief description of the objective.

The responses to the field indicated with (^) shall be filled in by using the following pre-defined reply options, to be selected as appropriate (more than one type of PaMs can be selected, additional types of PaMs

could be added and specified under ‘other’) (M):

Source-based pollution control;

Economic instruments;

Fiscal instruments;

Voluntary/negotiated agreements;

Information;

Regulatory;

Education;

Research;

Planning;

Other, please specify.

The responses to the field indicated with (†) shall be filled in by using the following pre-defined reply options, to be selected as appropriate (more than one sector can be selected, additional sectors could be added

and specified under ‘other’) (M):

energy supply (comprising extraction, transmission, distribution and storage of fuels as well as energy and electricity production);

energy consumption (comprising consumption of fuels and electricity by end users such as households, services, industry and agriculture);

transport;

industrial processes (comprising industrial activities that chemically or physically transform materials leading to greenhouse gas emissions, use of greenhouse gases in products and non-energy uses of fossil fuel

carbon);

agriculture;

waste management/waste;

cross-cutting;

other sectors; please specify.


110

Energy

MEN-P-1: Integration of measures for pollutant emission mitigation into planning documents and

projects for the energy renewal of buildings

Emission of pollutants from the household and service sector has been recognized as one of the main

causes of air quality deterioration in many areas. The key cause of pollutant emissions (especially

PM2.5 and PM10 particles) is the use of firewood in conventional furnaces. Therefore, in areas where

air quality is deteriorated, it is necessary to accelerate the implementation of renovation measures of

outer shells of buildings and replacement of the conventional firewood furnaces.

At the national level, energy renewal of buildings (including renovation of building shells and

replacement of thermotechnical systems), solar energy application, heat pumps, are planned on the

basis of several strategic and planning documents outlined in the descriptions of existing sectoral

measures:

- MEN-1: National plan for the increase of the number of nearly-zero energy buildings,

- MEN-2: Program for energy renovation of the apartment buildings,

- MEN-3: Program for the increase of energy efficiency and use of renewable energy sources in

commercial non-residential buildings,

- MEN-4: Program for the energy renovation of the family dwellings,

- MEN-5: Program for the energy renovation of public buildings,

- MEN-11: Program for the reduction of energy poverty,

- MEN-19: Program for the energy efficiency in heating and cooling,

- MEN-21: Promotion of the use of renewable energy sources and energy efficiency by FZOEU

(The Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund) resources,

and in coordination with the intersectoral PaMs, such as:

- MCC-5: Use of funds obtained from the sales of EU ETS emission allowances through auctions

for the GHG emission reduction measures,

- MCC-7: Energy efficiency obligation scheme

- financing for many measures is provided through the EU SIF [5].

Simultaneously, JLP(R)S are developing and implementing local (regional) plans and programmes

for energy efficiency, renewable sources, air protection, mitigation and adaptation to climate change.

The aim of this measure is to integrate activities for reducing pollutant emissions in areas where

air quality is deteriorated into national, regional and local plans and programmes and projects

for energy renewal of buildings. It is necessary to ensure the support instruments, primarily to

physical persons and family house owners, for investing into:

- improvement of thermal insulation of envelope elements (walls, roofs, basements);

- replacement of exterior carpentry, especially windows;

- replacement of existing heating systems with new, more energy efficient and with lower

pollutant emissions.

Therefore, when designing new planning documents for energy renewal of buildings, it is necessary

to strengthen the intersectoral coordination and to foresee the instruments that will stimulate energy

renewal of buildings (with the focus on family houses) in areas where air quality is deteriorated. In

financial terms, the support can be largely provided through EU structural funds.

Transport

MTR-P-1: Integration of measures for pollutant emission mitigation into planning documents and

projects from road transport

Transport and the need for mobility are one of the biggest loads on environment in urban areas.

Increase of the number of personal vehicles, the way they are used, intensity of traffic and


111

unstructured expansion of urban areas are sources of pollutant emissions which are one of the main

causes of air quality deterioration in many areas. Therefore, in areas where the air quality is

deteriorated, it is necessary to accelerate the implementation of measures for reducing emissions of

pollutants from road transport.

At the national level, a series of measures to reduce emissions from the transport sector, described in

the existing ones, are being implemented:

- MTR-1: Providing information to consumers on fuel economy and CO2 emission of new

passenger cars;

- MTR-2: Training for drivers of road vehicles for eco-driving;

- MTR-3: Obligation for the use of biofuels in transport;

- MTR-4: Special fee for environment on the motor vehicles;

- MTR-5: Special tax on motor vehicles;

- MTR-6: Financial incentives for the purchase of plug-in hybrid and electric vehicles;

- MTR-7: Development of infrastructure for alternative fuels;

- MTR-8: Promotion of integrated and intelligent transport systems and alternatives fuels in

urban areas;

- MTR-9: Monitoring, reporting and verification of greenhouse gas emissions in the lifetime of

liquid fuels;

- MTR-11: Limiting emission of pollutants from road vehicles.

and in coordination with the intersectoral PaMs, such as:

- MCC-5: Use of funds obtained from the sales of EU ETS emission allowances through auctions

for the GHG emission reduction measures,

- MCC-7: Energy efficiency obligation scheme

- financing for many measures is provided through the EU SIF [5].

Simultaneously, JLP(R)S are developing and implementing local (regional) plans and programs for

energy efficiency, renewable sources, air protection, mitigation and adaptation to climate change, as

well as master plans for sustainable transport development.

The aim of this measure is to integrate activities for reducing pollutant emissions in areas where

air quality is deteriorated into national, regional and local plans and programmes and projects

that affect emissions in the road transport sector.

This measure includes various ways to promote reduction of the number of vehicles in urban areas

that do not have category I. of air quality, and the key source of emissions is the road transport, such

as:

- ban on entering certain urban areas depending on the ecological standard of the vehicle,

- optimization of transport of merchandise,

- integrated transport of citizens,

- intelligent transport management,

- promotion of car sharing schemes,

- promotion of public bicycles,

- measures to support the development of infrastructure for alternative fuels in urban area - introduction of fees for the traffic pollution in cities - redirecting traffic from the city center; - encouraging the use of public transport; - development of infrastructure and encouraging the use of bicycle transport; - introduction of systematic energy management in vehicles owned by the city, etc..

Therefore, when designing new planning documents for energy efficiency, renewable sources, air

protection and mitigation and adaptation to climate change, as well as for transport development, it

is necessary to strengthen the intersectoral coordination and to foresee the instruments that will


112

encourage the measures for mitigation of pollutant emissions from the road transport sector in areas

where air quality is deteriorated. In doing so, measures should be adapted to the circumstances of the

area in which they are prescribed.

Agriculture

MAG-1: Change in diet of cattle and pigs and animal feed quality

Specific sub-measures within this group of measures which relate to improvement of livestock

breeding system, level of production as well as the diet of animals: the change of ratios of certain

types of forage in the diet and the use of supplements (fats, amino silicate compounds, biological

additives), improving the quality of voluminous forage and improving grazing systems. These

measures refer to the potential reduction of methane (CH4) and nitrogen compounds emissions from

enteric fermentation and animal waste management. The professional literature suggests a possible

reduction of ammonia emissions from the liquid manure component of pigs up to 40% [7].

Considering the proportion of pigs on management systems suitable for the implementation of this

measure [8], conservative expert assessment is possible mitigation of ammonia emissions from swine

manure management system up to 15% by 2030.

MAG-2: Anaerobic decomposition of manure and biogas production

With the introduction of biogas plants, emission reductions is achieved through elimination of

methane emissions due to the disposal of used litter and receiving electricity from renewable sources.

The measure is linked to the measures in Renewable sources in the production of electricity and heat

and Construction of cogeneration plants from the Energy sector. Anaerobic decomposition helps

biogas plants to reduce the source of easily degradable carbon in the manure that is applied to

agricultural land, but it also potentially reduces the process of nitrification and N2O emissions.

Conservative expert assessment of ammonia emission reduction (based on the potential to reduce

N2O emissions) is 5% from the manure management system for dairy cows, swine, laying hens and

broilers.

MAG-3: Improving cattle facilities, systems of animal manure management and ways of applying

organic fertilizer

Covering (liquid) manure storage places - creating a natural layer (cortex) with a natural (straw) or

artificial material (porous). This measure reduces direct methane and ammonia emissions, although

to a lesser degree they enhance the process of nitrification (porous material) and cause a slight

increase in nitrogen oxide emissions. Professional literature indicates a possible mitigation of

ammonia emissions from manure in the range from 78% to 94% (swine), and 71% to 86% (cattle)

[7]. Considering the proportion of cattle and pigs on management systems suitable for the

implementation of this measure [8], conservative expert assessment is possible reduction of sectoral

ammonia emission up to 30% for cattle, and 35% for swine by 2030. Further emission reduction is

possible by injecting an organic fertilizer instead of spraying it, thus achieving the mitigation of

ammonia emissions due to application of organic fertilizer up to 90% [9]. Professional assessment is

the mitigation of sectoral emissions of ammonia from manure management (for cattle and swine) for

an additional 10%, and particle emissions for ~5% by applying organic fertilizers to agricultural lands.

MAG-4: Improvement of mineral fertilizer application methods

Application of new slow-release fertilizers suitable for growing corn and wheat (fertilizers coated

with polymers), enables the reduced need for fertilizer application per hectare (due to lower nitrogen

losses) with unchanged or increased revenues. Additional mitigation of NH3 emissions is possible by

reducing the urea application in favor of other types of mineral fertilizers.

MAG-5: Hydromeliorative interventions and systems of protection against natural disasters


113

construction of drainage and irrigation systems and flood, droughts and other natural disasters

protection systems, Apart from the direct benefits of reducing production costs and increasing the

quality of yield, it can also affect the loss of nutrients due to drainage and leaching, resulting in a

reduced need for nitrogen, and thus the application of mineral fertilizers. Professional assessment is

the total reduction of ammonia emissions from the sector at the level of 1%.

MAG-6: Introduction of new cultivars, varieties and cultures

Encouraging development, education and implementation of technologies at a national and regional

level, encouraging the transition and adaptation of the entire production chain to produce new crops

or enabling and encouraging the implementation of cultivars and varieties that are more resistant to

drought and disease and have a lower overall carbon footprint. This, among other benefits, is aimed

at reducing the need for the introduction of nitrogen into the soil through fertilizers, and thus the

ammonia emissions. Professional assessment is the lower emission of ammonia at the sectoral level,

up to 1%.

MAG -7: Preparation of the National advisory principles of good agricultural practice in accordance

with the Framework principles of good agricultural practice for mitigation of ammonia emissions of

the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe from 2014

The measure refers to the education and encouraging agricultural producers for the implementation

of measures, ie adhering to good principles of soil, water and air protection in accordance with the

Framework principles of good agricultural practice for mitigation of ammonia emissions of the United

Nations Economic Commission for Europe from 2014, and the associated requirements for managing

and maintaining good agricultural and environmental condition.

In addition to the principles of good practice, direct air protection measures relating to the reduction

of ammonia emissions (and accompanying unpleasant odorsdue to the manure application, by storage

of manure and technological waste waters, animal breeding system, also relate to the indirect

mitigation of emissions through the principles of soil and water protection, ie rational topdressing,

compliance with the fertilization plan, soil analysis and similar.

Monitoring of recommendations from the principles will also mean an increase of the family

agricultural holdings (OPG) capacity for application of all other proposed sectoral measures.

Cross-cutting

MCC-P-1: Support for the increase of administrative, technical and managerial capacities of local

communities

It is necessary to ensure the support for increasing the administrative, technical and managing

capacities of local communities in the implementation of air quality improvement action plans. This

can be achieved through the LIFE project which will help cities to implement more effective measures

and to follow progress, and to strengthen the coordination of national and local action. It is also

necessary for the public and stakeholders to get to know more about air pollution problems and

possible emissions mitigation measures and examples of good practice.

In order to actively include local policy and to facilitate financing, it is necessary to express the

positive effects through financial savings in healthcare, namely, it is necessary to raise awareness that

with the air quality improvement, significant financial resources in healthcare could be saved.

The problem in cities are coordinated actions of several sectors, namely, closeness and financial

rigidity are present and there are usually no funding sources for a holistic approach.

Progress in air quality that is achieved by reducing emissions at the European and national level, is

relatively small at the local levels, when it is observed in perspective for several years. Decision-


114

makers and the local public consider that achieving the target should be achieved by the equal efforts

of all those contributing to the pollution, this is partly a reason that the allocation of financial resources

of local governments are not sufficient for the necessary emission reductions. Coordinated activity

and financial contribution from different levels, European funds, national co-financing and the local

component are extremely important.

MCC-P-2: Support for preparation of the documents for providing additional financial resources for

more effective implementation of action plans for air quality improvement

The NEC Directive anticipates that assistance in the planning and implementation of air quality

improvement action plans should be achieved by co-financing through the LIFE programme and EU

Structural Funds.

Consequently, the implementation of necessary technical analysis and drafting of project

documentation to apply for financing from the structural funds for the cycle (envelope) of financing

period 2021-2027 is proposed. The project would serve to encourage the replacement of traditional

(inefficient) firewood combustion appliances with efficient combustion devices with ECO standards,

pellet systems or technologies on fuels with lower emissions of pollutants, especially in zones /

agglomerations with exceedances of PM 2,5.

MCC-3: Support to researches related to PaMs planning and monitoring their effects on emissions

and air quality

Researches should help to determine cost-effective measures, measures that have a positive impact

on the development of the economy, employment, researches that help to transfer knowledge about

the best available techniques and the application of good practice. Tools, models for the emission

and air pollution assessment, techniques for determining contribution of certain sources of air

pollution, IT support, and databases for quantitative monitoring of progress and reporting are needed.

It is necessary to synergize with measures from various sectors and to encourage a holistic approach.

6.2. IMPACTS ON AIR QUALITY AND THE ENVIRONMENT OF INDIVIDUAL

PAMS OR PACKAGES OF PAMS CONSIDERED IN ORDER TO COMPLY

WITH THE EMISSION REDUCTION COMMITMENTS (2.6.2)

Following table 2.6.2. is referring to impacts on air quality and the environment of individual PaMs

or packages of PaMs considered in order to comply with the emission reduction commitments.

The Republic of Croatia has no available data to support the assessment of impacts on air quality and

the environment of idividual PaMs considered in oredr to comply with the emission reduction

commitments.

2.6.2. Impacts on air quality and the environment of individual PaMs or packages of PaMs considered in

order to comply with the emission reduction commitments (M, where available)

Where available, impacts on air quality (reference can also be made to

recommended air quality objectives by the WHO) and environment

Not available.

Further research is needed.

6.3. ESTIMATION OF COSTS AND BENEFITS OF THE INDIVIDUAL PAM OR

PACKAGE OF PAMS CONSIDERED IN ORDER TO COMPLY WITH THE

EMISSION REDUCTION COMMITMENTS

Member States are encouraged to report projected cost benefit estimates. This should be in line with

reporting under the MRR to support climate mitigation, as follows:


115

Costs in EUR per tonne of abated pollutant

Absolute costs and benefits per year in EUR

Qualitative description, and ratio, of the cost and benefit estimates

Price year for the costs reported

Year for which the estimates have been calculated

In following table 2.6.3. only the framework costs for the individual measures for which an evaluation

was made based on the available data was given.

2.6.3. Estimation of costs and benefits of the individual PaM or package of PaMs considered in order to comply with the

emission reduction commitments (O)

Name and brief

description of

individual PaM or

package of PaMs

Costs in EUR

per tonne of

abated

pollutant

Absolute costs

per year in

EUR

Absolute

benefits per

year (EUR)

Cost/bene

fit ratio

Price year Qualitative description of the cost

and benefit estimates

MEN-P-1:

Integration of

measures for

pollutant emission

mitigation into

planning

documents and

projects for the

energy renewal of

buildings

NE NE NE NE NE

At the national level, it is about

coordinated forming of

measures and allocation of

resources which are expected

on the basis of PaM arising

from other obligations.

At the project and regional

level, costs and benefits need to

be assessed depending on the

measures chosen for individual

area.

MTR-P-1:

Integration of

measures for

pollutant emission

mitigation into

planning

documents and

projects from road

transport

NE NE NE NE NE

At the national level, it is about

coordinated forming of

measures and allocation of

resources which are expected

on the basis of PaM arising

from other obligations.

At the project and regional

level, costs and benefits need to

be assessed depending on the

measures chosen for individual

area.

MAG-1: Change in

diet of cattle and

pigs and animal

feed quality

NE 5.300.000 13.000.000 0,4 NE

Expert assessment of the

experts from the Faculty of

Agriculture. The absolute cost

arises from the application of all

sub-measures to all relevant

groups of animals, the benefit is

increased competitiveness and

production.

MAG-2: Anaerobic

decomposition of

manure and biogas

production

NE NE NE NE NE Not known.

MAG-3: Improving

cattle facilities,

systems of animal

manure

management and

ways of applying

organic fertilizer

NE 120.000.000 13.000.000 9,2 NE



Agriculture. The cost refers to

the whole period up to

2050, investing in objects and

equipment that are used more

than one year. Benefit is


116



Name and brief

description of

individual PaM or

package of PaMs

Costs in EUR

per tonne of

abated

pollutant

Absolute costs

per year in

EUR

Absolute

benefits per

year (EUR)

Cost/bene

fit ratio



increased competitiveness and

production.

MAG-4:

Improvement of

mineral fertilizer

application methods

NE NE 10.000.000 NE NE



Agriculture. Calculation is

based on savings of the total

amount of mineral fertilizer

applied.

MAG-5:

Hydromeliorative

interventions and

systems of

protection against

natural disasters

NE 1.000.000.000 4.500.000 222,2 NE

Cost is an expert assessment of

experts based on the default

starting points and targets

(surface) of the NAPNAV24

plan. Benefits are reduced

damages in production,

consumption of plant protection

product and fertilizers.

MAG-6:

Introduction of

new cultivars,

varieties and

cultures

NE NE 10.000.000 NE NE

Expert assessment with the use

of assumptions of negligible

input costs (which relate only to

education, without the

incentives for production) with

an increase of competitiveness,

production and spreading to the

currently poorly suitable soils.

MAG-7:

Preparation of the

National advisory

principles of good

agricultural

practice in

accordance with

the Framework

principles of good

agricultural

practice for

mitigation of

ammonia

emissions of the

United Nations

Economic

Commission for

Europe from 2014

NE 30.000 NE NE NE

Estimation of printing costs,

distribution of brochures and

presentation / workshops

MCC-1: Support

for the increase of

administrative,

technical and

managerial

capacities of local

communities

NE 5.000.000 NE NE NE Assessment of administrative

costs of development

MCC-2: Support

for preparation of

the documents for

providing

additional

financial

NE 1.000.000 NE NE NE Assessment of administrative

costs of development


117



Name and brief

description of

individual PaM or

package of PaMs

Costs in EUR

per tonne of

abated

pollutant

Absolute costs

per year in

EUR

Absolute

benefits per

year (EUR)

Cost/bene

fit ratio



resources for

more effective

implementation of

action plans for

air quality

improvement

MCC-3: Support

to researches

related to PaMs

planning and

monitoring their

effects on

emissions and air

quality

NE 1.000.000 NE NE NE

Benefits from this measure will

be many times larger than the

investment because it will

enable the selection of cost-

effective measures and monitor

their actual effect. Financial

funds will not be invested in

costly measures, and the

application will be of optimal

scale, as much as it is necessary

to achieve the targets.

6.4. ADDITIONAL DETAILS CONCERNING THE MEASURES FROM ANNEX

III PART 2 TO DIRECTIVE (EU) 2016/2284 TARGETING THE

AGRICULTURAL SECTOR TO COMPLY WITH THE EMISSION

REDUCTION COMMITMENTS

For the measures from Annex II Part 2 of the NEC Directive, Specific reporting is required, whether

the mandatory measures have been implemented, which of the non-mandatory measures are included

in the Programme and whether some modifications were made to them. Measures to reduce ammonia

emissions are prescribed by Article 22 of the NEC Regulation.

In following table 2.6.4. Additional details concerning the measures from Annex III Part 2 of the

NEC Directive targeting the agricultural sector to comply with the emission reduction commitments

(M) are given.

2.6.4. Additional details concerning the measures from Annex III Part 2 to Directive (EU) 2016/2284 targeting

the agricultural sector to comply with the emission reduction commitments (M):

Measures listed in Annex III, Part 2 Is the PaM

included in the

national air

pollution control

programme?

Yes/No (M)

If yes,

- indicate

section/page

number in

programme:

(M)

Has the PaM been applied exactly?

Yes/No (M)

If no, describe the modifications

that have been made (M)

A. Measures to control ammonia emissions

1. Member States shall establish a

national advisory code of good

agricultural practice to control

ammonia emissions, taking into account

the UNECE Framework Code for Good

Agricultural Practice for Reducing

Ammonia Emissions of 2014, covering

at least the following items:

(a) nitrogen management, taking into

account the whole nitrogen cycle;

(b) livestock feeding strategies;

Yes (measures

MAG-1,

MAG-2,

MAG-3,

MAG-4

MAG-7)

No

Ministry of agriculture, on the basis

of Article 22 of the Regulation on

national obligations to reduce

emissions of certain pollutants in

air in the Republic of Croatia

(Official Gazette, No. 76/18) is in

the development process of

National advisory principles of

good agricultural practice in

accordance with the Framework of


118




included in the

national air

pollution control

programme?

Yes/No (M)

If yes,

- indicate

section/page

number in

programme:

(M)


Yes/No (M)



(c) low-emission manure spreading

techniques;

(d) low-emission manure storage

systems;

(e) low-emission animal housing

systems;

(f) possibilities for limiting ammonia

emissions from the use of mineral

fertilisers.

good agricultural practice for

ammonia emission mitigation of the

United Nations Economic

Commission of Europe 2014, which

include:

– nitrogen management, taking into

account the whole nitrogen cycle

– livestock feeding strategies

– low-emission manure spreading

techniques

– low-emission manure storage

systems

– low-emission animal housing

systems

– possibilities for limiting ammonia

emissions from the use of mineral

fertilisers.

2. Member States may establish a

national nitrogen budget to monitor

the changes in overall losses of

reactive nitrogen from agriculture,

including ammonia, nitrous oxide,

ammonium, nitrates and nitrites, based

on the principles set out in the

UNECE Guidance Document on

Nitrogen Budgets

No - No

3. Member States shall prohibit the use

of ammonium carbonate fertilisers

and may reduce ammonia emissions

from inorganic fertilisers by using the

following approaches:

(a) replacing urea-based fertilisers by

ammonium nitrate-based fertilisers;

(b) where urea-based fertilisers

continue to be applied, using methods

that have been shown to reduce

ammonia emissions by at least 30 %

compared with the use of the reference

method, as specified in the Ammonia

Guidance Document;

(c) promoting the replacement of

inorganic fertilisers by organic

fertilisers and, where inorganic

fertilisers continue to be applied,

spreading them in line with the

foreseeable requirements of the

receiving crop or grassland with respect

to nitrogen and phosphorus, also taking

into account the existing nutrient

content in the soil and nutrients from

other fertilisers.

Yes - Yes

Prohibition to use ammonium

carbonate fertilizers is prescribed in

Article 22, paragraph 2 of the

Regulation on national obligations

to reduce emissions of certain

pollutants in air in the Republic of

Croatia (Official Gazette, No.

76/18).

The possibility of reducing

ammonia emissions from inorganic

fertilizers by using approaches a) to

c) is not taken into Croatian

legislation and not applicable in this

context.


119




included in the

national air

pollution control

programme?

Yes/No (M)

If yes,

- indicate

section/page

number in

programme:

(M)


Yes/No (M)



4. Member States may reduce ammonia

emissions from livestock manure by

using the following approaches:

(a) reducing emissions from slurry and

solid manure application to arable land

and grassland, by using methods that

reduce emissions by at least 30 %

compared with the reference method

described in the Ammonia Guidance

Document and on the following

conditions:

(i)only spreading manures and

slurries in line with the foreseeable

nutrient requirement of the receiving

crop or grassland with respect to

nitrogen and phosphorous, also

taking into account the existing

nutrient content in the soil and the

nutrients from other fertilisers;

(ii) not spreading manures and

slurries when the receiving land is

water saturated, flooded, frozen or

snow covered;

(iii) applying slurries spread to

grassland using a trailing hose,

trailing shoe or through shallow or

deep injection;

(iv) incorporating manures and

slurries spread to arable land within

the soil within four hours of

spreading.

(b) reducing emissions from manure

storage outside of animal houses, by

using the following approaches:

(i) for slurry stores constructed after

1 January 2022, using low emission

storage systems or techniques which

have been shown to reduce ammonia

emissions by at least 60 % compared

with the reference method described

in the Ammonia Guidance

Document, and for existing slurry

stores at least 40 %;

(ii) covering stores for solid manure;

(iii) ensuring farms have sufficient

manure storage capacity to spread

manure only during periods that are

suitable for crop growth.

(c) reducing emissions from animal

housing, by using systems which have

been shown to reduce ammonia

emissions by at least 20 % compared

No - No

The possibility of reducing

ammonia emissions from animal

manure by using approaches a) to

d) Will be an integral part of the

National advisory principles of

good agricultural practice which are

in the adoption process.


120




included in the

national air

pollution control

programme?

Yes/No (M)

If yes,

- indicate

section/page

number in

programme:

(M)


Yes/No (M)



with the reference method described in

the Ammonia Guidance Document;

(d) reducing emissions from manure,

by using low protein feeding strategies

which have been shown to reduce

ammonia emissions by at least 10 %

compared with the reference method

described in the Ammonia Guidance

Document.

B. Emission reduction measures to control emissions of fine particulate matter (PM2,5) and black carbon (M)

1. Without prejudice to Annex II on

cross-compliance of Regulation (EU)

No 1306/2013 of the European

Parliament and of the Council(1),

Member States may ban open field

burning of agricultural harvest residue

and waste and forest residue. Member

States shall monitor and enforce the

implementation of any ban

implemented in accordance with the

first subparagraph. Any exemptions to

such a ban shall be limited to

preventive programmes to avoid

uncontrolled wildfires, to control pest

or to protect biodiversity.

No - No

Good agricultural and

environmental condition GAEC 6

of the Ordinance on multiple

conformity, (Official gazette, No.

32/15, 45/16, 26/18, 84/18), it is

prescribed the management of

harvest residues and the prevention

of overgrowth of agricultural

surfaces with unwanted vegetation

in order to preserve the soil and

carbon content in soil.

Burning of harvest residues from

agricultural surfaces is prohibited.

Harvest residues are not considered

to be residues resulting from the

pruning of permanent crops.

Burning of harvest residues is

allowed only in order to prevent

spreading or to suppress organisms

harmful to plants, about what there

is an official ordered measure.

Fulfillment of this condition

maintains a favorable level of

organic matter in the soil that is

necessary for the implementation of

agricultural production, prevents

the risk of fire, prevents pollution

of the environment with smoke and

ashes, prevents the destruction of

micro and macro fauna by fire,

improves the physico-chemical

properties of the soil and stimulates

biological activity in the surface

layer of soil sloju. For the purpose

of fulfilling this condition, burning

of harvest residues on agricultural

areas is prohibited.

2. Member States may establish a national

advisory code of good agricultural No - No


121




included in the

national air

pollution control

programme?

Yes/No (M)

If yes,

- indicate

section/page

number in

programme:

(M)


Yes/No (M)



practices for the proper management of

harvest residue, on the basis of the

following approaches:

(a) improvement of soil structure

through incorporation of harvest

residue;

(b) improved techniques for

incorporation of harvest residue;

(c) alternative use of harvest residue;

(d) improvement of the nutrient status

and soil structure through

incorporation of manure as required for

optimal plant growth, thereby avoiding

burning of manure (farmyard manure,

deep- straw bedding).

On May 26, 2015, the European

Commission approved the Rural

development programme of the

Republic of Croatia for the period

2014 – 2020 developed by the

Ministry of agriculture and Paying

agency for agriculture, fisheries and

rural development.

The programme defines 18

measures targeted at increasing the

competitiveness of Croatian

agriculture, forestry and

manufacturing industry, but also the

improvement of living and working

conditions in rural areas in general.

Programme also includes measure

M2: Advisory services, service for

the management and assistance of

agricultural holdings, whose

implementation is regulated by

Ordinance on the implementation of

measure 02: Advisory services,

service for the management and

assistance of agricultural holdings

from the Rural development

programme of the Republic of

Croatia for the period 2014 – 2020

(Official gazette, No. 123/15)

C. Preventing impacts on small farms (M)

In taking the measures outlined in

Sections A and B, Member States shall

ensure that impacts on small and micro

farms are fully taken into account.

Member States may, for instance, exempt

small and micro farms from those

measures where possible and appropriate

in view of the applicable reduction

commitments (M)

No - No

7. STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION

Pursuant to Article 19 paragraph 7, the Ministry on the proposal of the Air Pollution Control Program

and all relevant amendments, before its completion and adoption by the Government of the Republic

of Croatia, conducts public consultation in accordance with national regulations governing public

participation in environmental matters and consultation with the competent authorities for which, due

to their special environmental competencies in the field of air pollution, quality and management at

the national level, the implementation of the NAPCP, refers to them. That is also provided in Article


122

5 (5) of the NEC Directive. Transboundary consultations (Article 19, paragraph 8 of the NEC

Regulation and Article 5, paragraph 6 of the NEC Directives) are also carried out where appropriate.

In following table 2.7.1. results from consultations are presented – which were carried out before the

end of the program – with public and the competent authorities which, due to their specific

environmental responsibility in the field of air pollution, quality and management at all levels, likely

to be interested in the results of the implementation of the national air pollution control program and,

where possible, transboundary consultations.

Stakeholder consultations were carried out during the preparation of the expert backgrounds for the

Low-Carbon Development Strategy of the Republic of Croatia until 2030 with an outlook to 2050

and are mentioned in the following table.

2.7.1. The results of consultations - prior to the end of the programme - the public, the competent authorities

which, due to their specific responsibility for the environment in the field of air pollution, air quality and

management at all levels, will likely be interested in the results of the implementation of the national air

pollution control program, and where is possible, transboundary consultations

Consultation

with:

Procedure for

consultation:

Time of

consultation

period:

Summary of the outcome with

respect to the selection of PaMs:

Link to the

consultation

documents:

National

competent

authorities,

Public in

accordance

with Directive

2003/35

Workshops

during the

project

"Support to the

Republic of

Croatia in the

Development

of the Low-

Carbon

Development

Strategy

(LEDS)"

Sectoral

workshops were

held in the period

14.9.2012. until

14.11. 2012

Sector workshops were held by sector

energy and transport (14.9.2012),

agriculture (20.9.2012), energy and

industry (24.9.2012), waste

management (2.10.2012), LULUCF

(19.10.2012), buildings (26.10.2012)

and tourism (14.11.2012). At the

workshops there were representatives

of national competent authorities,

sector experts, representatives of

industrial associations, non-

governmental organizations and

interested public. Discussion was

about measures for long-term low-

carbon development. The key sector

measures identified are available on

the link.

http://www.

mzoip.hr/doc

/tranzicija_pr

ema_niskoug

ljicnom_razv

oju_hrvatske.

pdf

National

competent

authorities,

Public in

accordance

with Directive

2003/35

Workshops

during the

preparation of

expert

backgrounds

for the Low-

Carbon

Development

Strategy of the

Republic of

Croatia until

2030 with an

outlook to

2050

Sector Workshops

in the period from

May 13 to July 3,

2015. Final

Conference on

December 18,

2015

Sector workshops were held by

sectors: power plants and industry

(13.5.2015), transport (22.5.2015),

buildings (29.5.2015), agriculture and

forestry (9.6.2015), waste

management (3.7.2015. ).

At workshops there were

representatives of national competent

authorities, sectoral experts,

representatives of industrial

associations, non-governmental

organizations and interested public.

Analysis of state and needs were

presented and discussions on

measures for long-term low-carbon

development were discussed.

Presentations are available at link.

http://www.

mzoip.hr/hr/k

lima/strategij

e-planovi-i-

programi.htm

l

National

competent

authorities,

Public in

accordance

with Directive

2003/35,

Public

consultation

on the draft

Low-Carbon

Development

Strategy of the

Republic of

The Ministry of

Environment

Protection and

Energy has set up

the draft Low-

Carbon

Development

A total of 12 physical person and

legal authorities submitted comments

on the draft Low-Carbon

Development Strategy, of which six

physical persons, two public

institutions, one public company, two

https://esavjet

ovanja.gov.hr

/ECon/MainS

creen?entityI

d=5575


123





Consultation

with:

Procedure for

consultation:

Time of

consultation

period:



Link to the

consultation

documents:

Local

competent

authorities,

Regional

competent

authorities

Croatia until

2030 with an

outlook o

2050 and the

Strategic

Environmental

Impact Study

Strategy of the

Republic of

Croatia until 2030

with an outlook o

2050 on e-Advice

in the period from

16 June 2017 to

16 July 2017. On

July 14, 2017, a

public

presentation and

discussion of the

Draft Strategy

was held in the

Croatian chamber

of economy.

non-governmental organizations and

one public limited company.

Among the questions and comments

that have been repeated, most

important ones are following:

Low-Carbon development strategy

should prepare after the Energy

Strategy is being developed.

Will the indicative targets for REN

become binding for the Republic of

Croatia? What if it can not be

realized?

The increase in demand for

electricity is overestimated.

The statistical corrections in the

energy balance related to the use of

biomass for heating in the

residential sector affect the change

in overall RES share, uncertainty

and the consequences of changes in

data should be further examined.

The strategy is too detailed, the

document should be shortened.

The strategy is not sufficiently

detailed - additional clarifications

are needed regarding methodology,

models, inputs, implementation

measures.

How will the planned increase in

the share of central heating systems

for heat supply be achieved?

Evaluation question of

hydroelectric power plants as

multi-purpose projects?

Consistency in application of the

circular economy, regarding energy

utilisation of waste.

Most of the questiones refer to

energy, there were several questiones

related to waste management,

agriculture and the Land use and

Land-Use Change and Forestry sector

(LULUCF).

The Ministry of Environmental

Protection has decided to postpone

the adoption of the Low Carbon

Strategy, as long as the Energy

Strategy is not drafted. The Draft

Low Carbon Strategy and the New

Energy Strategy will serve to produce

the National Integrated Energy

Climate Plan, a document that will

help the Republic of Croatia establish

its binding goals within the


124





Consultation

with:

Procedure for

consultation:

Time of

consultation

period:



Link to the

consultation

documents:

framework of a common EU policy

towards fulfilling its obligations

under the Paris agreement by 2030.

National

competent

authorities,

transboundary

consultation

Consultations

and

workshops

within the

project

"Assistance to

MS in the

implementatio

n of GHG

projections

guidelines".

The

consortium

consisted of

companies

TNO, Aether,

Uba Vienna,

Amec, Öko-

Institut, ICCS

(E3MLab),

CITEPA and

VITO.

2014 and 2015,

with workshops in

Croatia 16.-17.

December 2014

and 25 February

2015

The purpose of the project was

capacity building and technical

assistance to prepare national

greenhouse gas emission projections

to be submitted in 2015 under

Regulation 525/2013 on the

mechanism for monitoring and

reporting on greenhouse gas

emissions and for reporting on other

information related to climate change

at the national and EU level (MMR).

During 18 months the project team

initiated a series of bilateral

consultations and workshops. The

action plan consisted of 14 points,

among which the part related to

technical and general questions about

designing and submitting projections

(projections of macroeconomic data,

models used, projection, PaMs

influence modeling, sensitivity

analysis etc.), part of projection in

energy (methodology, emission

distribution, input assumptions) and a

section on projections in non-energy

sectors. The project's result was to

improve the system and strengthen its

capacity to prepare greenhouse gas

emissions projections.

The results of

the project

itself are not

available

publicly, but

reports are

available at

http://www.h

aop.hr/hr/tem

atska-

podrucja/zrak

-klima-

tlo/klimatske-

promjene/izvj

esca

National

competent

authorities,

transboundary

consultation

Consultations

and

workshops

within the

project

"Assistance to

MS in the

implementatio

n of GHG

projections".

The

consortium

was composed

of companies

ICF, Aether,

E4SMA and

IIASA.

2016 and 2017,

with workshops in

Croatia 16.-17.

December 2014

and 25 February

2015

The purpose of the project was

capacity building and technical

assistance to prepare national

greenhouse gas emission projections

to be submitted in 2015 under

Regulation 525/2013 on the

mechanism for monitoring and

reporting on greenhouse gas

emissions and for reporting on other

information related to climate change

at the national and EU level (MMR).

The project team initiated a series of

bilateral consultations and

workshops. The action plan consisted

of 6 points, four of which concerned

the LULUCF sector, one on the

general issues of integrity and

transparency, and the last point on

energy projections. During the

project two workshops were held on

the LULUCF sector in Croatia and

Croatian representatives participated

The results of

the project

itself are not

available

publicly, but

reports are

available at

http://www.h

aop.hr/hr/tem

atska-

podrucja/zrak

-klima-

tlo/klimatske-

promjene/izvj

esca


125





Consultation

with:

Procedure for

consultation:

Time of

consultation

period:



Link to the

consultation

documents:

in two workshops in Brussels. The

project's result was to improve the

system and strengthen its capacity to

prepare greenhouse gas emissions

projections.

National

competent

authorities

Workshops

and

consultations

with the

Croatian

Agricultural

and Forestry

Advisory

Service

Harmonization with rural

development program and

consideration of potential additional

measures thet are not subject to

AECM and other measures;

discussion on the adoption of

recommendations from the

regulations and guidelines of good

agricultural practice in the form of

mandatory measures.

National

competent

authorities:

Ministry of

Agriculture,

Ministry of

the Sea,

Transport and

Infrastructure,

Ministry of

the Economy,

Ministry of

Foreign and

European

Affairs, the

Administratio

n at Ministry

of

Environmental

Protection and

Energy - ex

CAEN, e- Counseling

with the

interested

public.

Communicatio

n via E-mail

and a technical

meeting with

the Ministry of

Agriculture,

portal for e-

Counseling

The draft TDU

(Ministry of

Agriculture,

Ministry of the

Sea, Transport

and Infrastructure,

Ministry of the

Economy,

Ministry of

Foreign and

European Affairs

and the

Administration at

the Ministry of

Environmental

Protection and

Energy - ex

CAEN) was

submitted from

February 5 to

March 12, 2019.

E- Counseling

with the interested

public was held

within a period of

30 days after the

opinions of all

TDUs were

received.

The submitted Draft of National Air

Pollution Control Programme, the

Ministry of Foreign and European

Affairs and the Ministry of Economy

did not have any objections.

Comments from the Ministry of the

Sea, Transport and Infrastructure, the

Ministry of Agriculture and the

Administration at the Ministry of

Environmental Protection and Energy

- ex CAEN have been accepted and

included in the Programme Proposal.

In addition, with the Ministry of

Agriculture on March 12, 2019, a

meeting was held on which all the

comments and suggestions were

included in the Programme Proposal.

Not publicly

available


126

8. THE POLICIES SELECTED FOR ADOPTION BY SECTOR, INCLUDING

A TIMETABLE FOR THEIR ADOPTION, IMPLEMENTATION AND

REVIEW AND THE COMPETENT AUTHORITIES RESPONSIBLE

This chapter corresponds to chapter 2.8. of the Formate: “ The policies selected for adoption by sector,

including a timetable for their adoption, implementation and review and the competent authorities

responsible“.

8.1. INDIVIDUAL PAMs OR PACKAGE OF PAMS SELECTED FOR

ADOPTION AND THE COMPETENT AUTHORITIES RESPONSIBLE

The Member States' obligation is to select the most promising PaMs and to include them in the

NAPCP. Based on the outcome of the analysis undertaken previously, Member States are required to

report further information on the additional PaMs selected for inclusion in the NAPCP, as follows:

(see table 2.8.1 of the Formate):

- Planned year for adoption and timetable for implementation (year(s))

- Planned timetable for review (year)

- Competent authorities responsible for implementing and regulating the PaM

In the following table 2.8.1. PaMs selected for adoption and responsible competent authorities are

presented.

2.8.1. Individual PaMs or package of PaMs selected for adoption and the competent authorities responsible (M)

Name and brief

description of

individual PaM or

package of PaMs

(M)

Currentl

y

planned

year of

adoption

(M)

Relevant

comments

arising

from

consultati

on(s) in

relation to

the

individual

PaM or

package

of PaMs

(O)

Currently planned

timetable for

implementation (M)

Interim targets and indicators

selected to monitor progress in

implementation of the selected

PaMs (O)

Currently

planned

timetable

for review

(in case

different

from

general

update of

the

national

air

pollution

control

programm

e every

four years)

(M)

Competent

authorities

responsible for

the individual

PaM or

package of

PaMs (M):

Start

year (M):

End

year

(M):

Interim

Targets

Indicators

MEN-P-1:

Integration of

measures for

pollutants

emissions

reduction into

plan documents

and projects for

energy renovation

of buildings

2019 - 2021 2030

Adopt

the

measure

The number of

energy-renovated

houses in areas

where the air

quality is ruin

2023 MZOE,

MGIPU


127


Name and brief

description of

individual PaM or

package of PaMs

(M)

Currentl

y

planned

year of

adoption

(M)

Relevant

comments

arising

from

consultati

on(s) in

relation to

the

individual

PaM or

package

of PaMs

(O)

Currently planned

timetable for

implementation (M)




PaMs (O)

Currently

planned

timetable

for review

(in case

different

from

general

update of

the

national

air

pollution

control

programm

e every

four years)

(M)

Competent

authorities

responsible for

the individual

PaM or

package of

PaMs (M):

Start

year (M):

End

year

(M):

Interim

Targets

Indicators

MTR-P-1:

Integration of

measures for

pollutants

emissions

reduction into

plan documents

and road transport

prijects

2019 - 2021 2030

Adopt

the

measure

Number of electric

vehicles in areas

where air quality is

ruin

2023 MZOE, MPPI

MAG-1: Change

in livestock

feeding and

quality of

livestock feed

2019 - 2021 2030 -

Analysis of the

quality of livestock

feed and livestock

feed supplements

2023 MPS

MAG-2:

Anaerobic

decomposition of

manure and

biogas production

2019 - 2021 2030 - Share of livestock

on digestors 2023 MPS

MAG-3:

Improvement of

livestock plant,

animal waste

management

system and

application

methods of

organic fertilizer

2019 - 2021 2030 -

The share of animal

(pigs, cattle,

poultry) on farms

with biofilters,

covered lagoons

and within animal

hausing system

with appropriate

microclimatic

conditions

2023 MPS

MAG-4:

Improvement of

mineral fertilizer

application

methods

2019 - 2021 2030 -

Amount of applied

urea and mineral

fertilizers with slow

release of nitrogen

2023 MPS

MAG-5:

Hydrotechnical

interventions and

systems for

protection against

natural disasters

2019 - 2021 2030 -

Area of treated land

under systems with

irrigation, drainage

and protection

against natural

disasters

2023 MPS


128


Name and brief

description of

individual PaM or

package of PaMs

(M)

Currentl

y

planned

year of

adoption

(M)

Relevant

comments

arising

from

consultati

on(s) in

relation to

the

individual

PaM or

package

of PaMs

(O)

Currently planned

timetable for

implementation (M)




PaMs (O)

Currently

planned

timetable

for review

(in case

different

from

general

update of

the

national

air

pollution

control

programm

e every

four years)

(M)

Competent

authorities

responsible for

the individual

PaM or

package of

PaMs (M):

Start

year (M):

End

year

(M):

Interim

Targets

Indicators

MAG-6:

Introduction of

new cultivars,

varieties and

species

2019 - 2021 2030 -

Land surface and

yield of new

cultivars, varieties

and cultures

2023 MPS

MAG-7:

Preparation of the

National advisory

Code for Good

Agricultural

Practice in

accordance with

the Framework

Code for Good

Agricultural

Practice for

Reducing

Ammonia

Emissions of the

United Nations

Economic

Commission for

Europe, 2014

2019 - 2020 2030

Adopt

Code

Publishi

ng and

brochure

distributi

on

Maintain

presentat

ions /

educatio

n

Monitor

the

impleme

ntation

Number of

distributed

brochures

Number of

workshops held and

number of users

The share of farms

that applied the

code of good

agricultural

practices aimed at

reducing NH3

emissions

2023 MPS


129


Name and brief

description of

individual PaM or

package of PaMs

(M)

Currentl

y

planned

year of

adoption

(M)

Relevant

comments

arising

from

consultati

on(s) in

relation to

the

individual

PaM or

package

of PaMs

(O)

Currently planned

timetable for

implementation (M)




PaMs (O)

Currently

planned

timetable

for review

(in case

different

from

general

update of

the

national

air

pollution

control

programm

e every

four years)

(M)

Competent

authorities

responsible for

the individual

PaM or

package of

PaMs (M):

Start

year (M):

End

year

(M):

Interim

Targets

Indicators

MCC-1: Support

for increasing the

administrative,

technical and

management

capacities of local

communities

2019 - 2021 2030

Adopt

the

measure

The number of

workshops held,

number of new

portals,

the number of new

promotional

materials,

number of

informative

campaigns,

the number of

projects submitted

for funding through

the LIFE program,

number of FZOEU

tenders,

the number of other

programs and funds

activated to ensure

the implementation

of the measure

2023 MZOE, MPPI

MCC-2: Support

to provide

additional

financial

resources for

more effective

implementation

of air quality

improvement

action plans

2019 - 2021 2030

Adopt

the

measure

The number of

projects submitted

for funding through

the LIFE program,

number of FZOEU

tenders,

the number of other

programs and funds

activated to ensure

the implementation

of the measure

2023 MZOE, MPPI

MCC-3: Support

to research on

PaMs planning

and monitoring of

their effects on

emissions and air

quality

2019 2019 2025

Adopt

the

measure,

include

it

funding

plans

Number of projects 2023 MZOE, MZIO


130

8.2. AN ASSESSMENT OF HOW SELECTED PAMS ENSURE COHERENCE

WITH PLANS AND PROGRAMMES SET UP IN OTHER RELEVANT

POLICY AREAS

Once the additional PaMs for inclusion in the initial NAPCP have been selected for adoption, Member

State authorities should conduct an overarching coherence assessment to ensure the NAPCP is

coherent with other relevant policies and programmes.

Following table 2.8.2. gives an explanation for the choice of selected measures and an assessment of

how selected PaMs ensure coherence with the plans and programmes set up in other relevant policy

areas (M).

2.8.2. Explanation of the choice of selected measures and an assessment of how selected PaMs ensure

coherence with plans and programmes set up in other relevant policy areas (M)

An explanation of the choice made among the measures

considered under 2.6.1 to determine the final set of selected

measures

All proposed measures have been selected.

Coherence of the selected PaMs with air quality

objectives at national level and, where appropriate, in

neighbouring Member States (M)

The PaM package is aligned with air quality targets

at the national and local level as it is estimated to

contribute most to improving air quality in areas,

where it has been damaged.

Coherence of the selected PaMs with other relevant

plans and programmes established by virtue of the

requirements set out in national or Union legislation

(e.g. national energy and climate plans) (M)

The PaM package is fully aligned with the relevant

plans and programs established in accordance with

the requirements established by the national

legislation and encourage synergy in the

preparation and implementation of measures

consistent with other relevant plans and programs

established in accordance with the requirements

established by national or EU legislation.


131

9. PROJECTED COMBINED IMPACTS OF PAMS ('WITH ADDITIONAL

MEASURES' - WAM) ON EMISSION REDUCTIONS, AIR QUALITY AND

THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE ASSOCIATED UNCERTAINTIES

This Chepter corresponds to chapter 2.9. Projected combined impacts of PaMs ('With Additional

Measures' - WAM) on emissions reductions, air quality and the environment and the associated

uncertainties“.

9.1. PROJECTED ATTAINMENT OF EMISSION REDUCTION

COMMITMENTS

This chepter provide an overwiev of emission projections for all NEC Direvtive pollutant for 2020,

2025 and 2030 with the application of selected PAMs for the WAM scenario, shown in Chapter 5.1.

Followin table 2.9.1. gives an overwiev of projected attainment of emission reduction commitments

(WAM) (M).

2.9.1. Projected attainment of emission reduction commitments (WAM) (M)

Pollutants

(M)

Total emissions (kt), consistent

with inventories for year x-3,

(M):

% emission reduction

achieved compared

with 2005

National

emission

reduction

commitment

for 2020-

2029 (%)

(M):

National

emission

reduction

commitment

from 2030

(%) (M):

20

05

ba

se y

ear

20

20

20

25

20

30

20

20

20

25

20

30

SO2 58.72 7.52 6.99 6.52 87.20 88.09 88.90 55 83

NOx 84.46 40.94 34.78 30.60 51.53 58.83 63.77 31 57

NMVOC 117.02 50.80 45.56 41.54 56.59 61.07 64.50 34 48

NH3 42.21 32.58 29.48 26.70 22.81 30.15 36.73 1 25

PM2,5 40.85 18.33 15.66 13.31 55.14 61.67 67.42 18 55

Below are graphs of emission projections and emission reductions for WM and WAM scenarios.

SO2

Figure 8-1: Historic trend and projections of SO2 emissions for WM and WAM scenario


132

Projections show that it is expected to meet the quota and emission reduction commitment for SO2

for both scenarios. In the WAM scenario up to 2030, an additional emission reduction of 2.87 kt SO2

is expected in comparison with the WM scenario, which would reduce emissions by 34.7% below the

2030 emission reduction commitment (in the WM scenario emission level is 6.0% below obligation

for 2030). The main impact on reducing SO2 emissions have measures of additional encouragement

of renewable energy sources and consequently lower electricity generation from fossil fuels as well

as less fugitive emissions.

NOx

Figure 8-2: Historic trend and projections of NOx emissions for WM and WAM scenario

Projections show that it is expected to meet the quota and emission reduction commitment for NOx

for both scenarios. In the WAM scenario up to 2030 there is an additional 2.98 kt NOx emission

reduction compared to the WM scenario, which would reduce emissions by 12.5% below the

obligation for 2030 (in the WM scenario emission level is 3.9% below the obligation for 2030). The

main impact on the reduction of NOx emissions have measures in transport and renovation of

buildings and the replacement of furnaces and fuel in the residetial sector.

NH3


133

Figure 8-3: Historic trend and projections of NH3 emissions for WM and WAM scenario

Projections show that it is expected to meet the quota and emission reduction commitment for NH3

only in the WAM scenario. In the WAM scenario up to 2030, an additional emission reduction of

8.89 kt NH3 is achieved in comparison to the WM scenario, with the emission reduction being 15.6%

below the obligation for 2030 (in the WM scenario the emission level is 12.4% above the obligation

for 2030). The main impact on NH3 emission reduction have measures in the agriculture sector.

NMVOC

Figure 8-4: Historic trend and projections of NMVOC emissions for WM and WAM scenario

Projections show that it is expected to meet the quota and emission reduction commitment for

NMVOC for both scenarios. In the WAM scenario up to 2030, an additional emission reduction of

6.08 kt NMVOC in comparison to the WM scenario is expected, with a reduction in emissions of

31.7% below the obligation for 2030 (in the WM scenario the emission level is 21.7% below the

obligation for 2030). The main influence on NMVOC emission reduction have measures of the

renovation of buildings and the replacement of appliances and fuels in the residential sector and

measures in the waste management sector.


134

PM2,5

Figure 8-5: Historic trend and projections of PM2,5 emissions for WM and WAM scenario

Projections show that it is expected to meet the emission reduction commitment for PM2.5 for both

scenarios. In the WAM scenario up to 2030, an additional emission reduction of 2.24 kt PM2.5 is

expected in comparison to the WM scenario, with emission reduction of 27.6% below the obligation

for 2030 (in the WM scenario emission level is by 15.4% below the obligation for 2030). The main

impact on emissions reductions have measure of the renovation of buildings and the replacement of

appliances and fuels in the residential sector.

PM10

Figure 8-6: Historic trend and projections of PM10 emissions for WM and WAM scenario

For PM10 emissions there is no emission reduction commitments and the trend and causes of

emissions are similar to those for PM2.5 emissions.


135

9.2. NON-LINEAR TRAJECTORY FOR EMISSION REDUCTIONS

Where projected emission reduction under the WAM scenario do not result in a linear trajectory

between 2020 and 2030, Members States are required to provide supporting information that confirms

that adopted measures will deliver the emission reduction targets for 2030. A non-linear trajectory is

only acceptable in circumstances where there is evidence demonstrating that a non-linear trajectory

is economically or technically more efficient, and does not affect the achievement of any reduction

commitment for 2030 (Article 4(2) of NEC Directive).

Additionally, the Member State must also demonstrate that from 2025 onwards the non-linear

trajectory converges with the linear trajectory to meet the same emission reduction targets for 2030.

Information on the projected trajectory of emission reductions, including status in 2025, should be

included in the NAPCP proposals presented to the public for consultation in line with requirements

of Article 6(5) of NEC Directive.

Emission projections for the Republic of Croatia under the WM and WAM scenario do not result in

a non-linear trajectory for emission reductions between 2020 and 2030 (see graphs in Table 2.9.2. of

Formats).

The following table 2.9.2. shows the non-linear emission reduction trajectory (M, where appropriate).

2.9.2. Non-linear emission reduction trajectory (M, where appropriate)

Where a non-linear

emission reduction

trajectory is followed,

demonstrate that it is

technically or economically

more efficient (alternative

measures would involve

entailing disproportionate

costs), will not compromise

the achievement of any

reduction commitment in

2030, and that the trajectory

will converge on the linear

trajectory from 2025

onwards (M, where

relevant)

Projections do not show a non-linear emission reduction trajectory between 2020

and 2030 that would go above the linear emission reduction trajectory, as can be

seen in the images below for each pollutant.

SO2

NOx

0,00

10,00

20,00

30,00

40,00

50,00

60,00

70,00

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

kt S

O2

Povijesni trend S mjerama (WM)

S dodatnim mjerama (WAM) Obveza, od 2020. do 2029.

Obveza, od 2030. Linearna trajektorija smanjenja emisija


136

NH3

NMVOC

PM2,5

0,00

10,00

20,00

30,00

40,00

50,00

60,00

70,00

80,00

90,00

100,00

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030kt N

OX




0,00

10,00

20,00

30,00

40,00

50,00

60,00

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

kt

NH

3


S dodatnim mjerama (WAM) Kvota u 2020. godini

Kvota u 2030. godini Linearna trajektorija smanjenja emisija

0,00

10,00

20,00

30,00

40,00

50,00

60,00

70,00

80,00

90,00

100,00

110,00

120,00

130,00

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

kt N

MH

OS





137

PM10

9.3. THE USE OF FLEXIBILITIES

The Directive includes a provision to allow the use of flexibilities with respect to the reporting of

national emission inventories in particular circumstances (Article 5 of the NEC Directive and Article

23 of NEC Regulation). For those flexibilities that already existed in the (revised) Gothenburg

Protocol, the conditions in the NEC Directive are aligned with those already established under

CLRTAP, although the Directive introduced some additional restrictions. In addition, the use of

flexibilities requires annual approval by the European Commission.

The flexibilities set out in Article 5(2) and 5(4) of the NEC Directive (and in Article 23(4) and 23(6)

of the NEC Regulation) mainly apply to cases where exceptional circumstances (eg. due to an

exceptionally cold winter or an exceptionally dry summer, a sudden and exceptional interruption or

loss of capacity in the power and/or heat supply or production system, which could not reasonably

have been foreseen) result in unplanned non-compliance with emission reduction commitments, and

so are not relevant when first formulating the NAPCP (but may be for later updates).

However, the flexibility mechanism described in Article 5 (3) of the NEC Directive and in Article

23(5) of NEC Regulation is one that could be taken into account in planning: “If in a given year a

Member State, for which one or more reduction commitments laid down in Annex II are set at a more

0,00

10,00

20,00

30,00

40,00

50,00

60,00

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030kt P

M2,5




0,00

10,00

20,00

30,00

40,00

50,00

60,00

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

kt P

M10

Povijesni trend S mjerama (WM) S dodatnim mjerama (WAM)


138

stringent level than the cost-effective reduction identified in TSAP 16, cannot comply with the

relevant emission reduction commitment after having implemented all cost-effective measures, it

shall be deemed to comply with that relevant emission reduction commitment for a maximum of five

years, provided that for each of those years it compensates for that non-compliance by an equivalent

emission reduction of another pollutant referred to in Annex II.”

A Member State satisfying the conditions in Article 5(3) of NEC Directive and in Article 23(5) of

NEC Regulation which wishes to make use of the flexibility should ensure that the NAPCP includes

measures which ensure that:

- the reduction commitment in question is complied with within five years and

- the excess is compensated for in each year for which it persists by an equivalent emission

reduction of another pollutant.

Members States that intend to apply paragraph 1, 2, 3 or 4 of Article 5 od NEC Directive (paragraph

from 1 to 6 of NEC Regulation) shall inform the Commission thereof by 15 February of the reporting

year concerned.

In the following table 2.9.3. Flexibilities, the possibility of using flexibility is given.

For the first submission of the Programme, the Republic of Croatia will not use the flexibility.

2.9.3. Flexibilities (M, where appropriate)

Where flexibilities are used, provide an account of

their use (M, where appropriate)

Is not being used.

9.4. PROJECTED IMPROVEMENT IN AIR QUALITY

For the purposes of this Programme projected improvement in air quality has not been developed.

To demonstrate projected improvement in air quality under a WAM scenario, it is necessary to

prepare a quantitative analysis of the initial values in the WAM scenario, with achieving the following

results:

- Projected number of non-compliant and compliant air quality zones (out of all zones) for the

years 2020, 2025, and 2030,

- Projected maximum exceedances of air quality limit values and average exposure indicators

for the years 2020, 2025, and 2030.

- Where quantitative data is not available, qualitative projected improvement in air quality

(WAM) and degree of compliance.

Projected improvement in air quality are not available at national or local level due to lack of expertise

and tools to produce them.

2.9.4. Projected improvement in air quality (WAM)

A. Projected number of non-compliant and compliant air quality zones

AAQD values Projected number of non-


Projected number of


Total number of air quality

zones

Sp

ecif

y b

ase

yea

r

20

20

20

25

20

30

Sp

ecif

y b

ase

yea

r

20

20

20

25

20

30

Sp

ecif

y b

ase

yea

r

20

20

20

25

20

30

PM2,5 (1 yr) - - - - - - - - - - - -

NO2 (1 yr) - - - - - - - - - - - -

PM10 (1 yr) - - - - - - - - - - - -


139

O3 (max 8 hr mean) - - - - - - - - - - - -

Other (please

specify)

- - - - - - - - - - - -

B. Maximum exceedances of air quality limit values and average exposure indicators

AAQD values Projected maximum exceedances of air quality limit

values across all zones

Projected average exposure indicator

(only for PM2,5 (1 year))

Sp

ecif

y b

ase

yea

r

20

20

20

25

20

30

Sp

ecif

y b

ase

yea

r

20

20

20

25

20

30

PM2,5 (1 yr) - - - - - - - -

NO2 (1 yr) - - - -

NO2 (1 hr) - - - -

PM10 (1 god.) - - - -

PM10 (24 hrs) - - - -

O3 (max 8 hr mean) - - - -

Other (please

specify)

- - - -

C. Illustrations demonstrating the projected improvement in air quality and degree of compliance

Maps or histograms illustrating the projected evolution of ambient air concentrations

(for at least NO2, PM10, PM2,5 and O3, and any other pollutant(s) that present(s) a

problem) and which show, for instance, the number of zones, out of the total air

quality zones, that will be (non)compliant by 2020, 2025 and 2030, the projected

maximum national exceedances, and the projected average exposure indicator.

Not available.

D. Qualitative projected improvement in air quality and degree of compliance (WAM) (in case no quantitative

data is provided in the tables above

Qualitative projected improvement in air quality

and degree of compliance (WAM) Not available.

The assessment is that the implementation of WAM measures could

improve the air quality with regard to NO2, so there is no

exceedance, which is now the case in one agglomeration.

The reduction in particle matter emissions is unlikely to be sufficient

to avoid exceeding limit value for PM10 and PM2,5 (daily values)

because the contribution of long-range transboundary air pollution

is large. A far greater emission reduction will be needed to achieve

WHO values.

The air quality regarding ground-level ozone could be improved but

not significantly, so exceedances and non-compliance would remain.

During the next reporting period, through amendments to this Programme in accordance with the

degree of improvement of professional knowledge and a tools for assessment, modeling and

preparation of projections of improvement in air quality in the Republic of Croatia, Chapter Projected

improvement in air quality, will be completed.

9.5. PROJECTED IMPACTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT

For 2020, 2025 and 2030, Member States should report the projected impacts on the environment

under WAM scenario. Indicators should be aligned with those under the LRTAP Convention on

exposure of ecosystems to acidification, eutrophication and ozone ground-level ozone. Member

Sstates may provide a qualitative description of these impacts or quantify the impacts in terms of

share of Member State (%) territory exposed to:


140

- acidification in exceedance of the critical level threshold

- eutrophication in exceedance of the critical level threshold

- ground-level ozone in exceedance of the critical level threshold

The Plan for the protection of air, ozone layer and climate change mitigation in the Republic of

Croatia for the 2013 – 2017 period („Official Gazette“, No. 139/13) envisaged the implementation of

measure MPR-13 Mapping of thresholds for the harmful effects of nitrogen deposition in order to

determine the degree of biodiversity vulnerability in protected areas in Croatia. The measure has not

been implemented and is therefore not a precondition for projecting impacts of the WAM scenario

on the environment.

The following table 2.9.5. Projected impacts on the environment (WAM) were not available at

national or local level.

2.9.5. Projected impacts on the environment (WAM)

Base year used

to assess

environmental

impacts (please

specify

2020: 2025: 2030: Description:

Member State territory exposed to acidification

in exceedance of the critical load threshold (%)

- - - - -

Member State territory exposed to

eutrophication in exceedance of the critical load

threshold (%)

- - - - -

Member State territory exposed to ozone in

exceedance of the critical level threshold (%)

- - - - -

9.6. METHODOLOGIES AND UNCERTAINTIES OF WAM POLICY

OPTIONS

In following table 2.9.6. the link between methodology and uncertainty of WAM policy options is

given.

2.9.6. Methodologies and uncertainties of WAM policy options

Report the details of the methodology/ model(s) used to

determine impact:

See chapter 4.1.1.

Outline key assumptions and associated uncertainties for

the WAM policy options:

See chapter 4.1.1.

Sensitivity analysis was also conducted. In addition to the sensitivity analysis depending on the

hydrological conditions, sensitivity analysis and other parameters crucial for the electrical power

system were carried out. The sensitivity to changing the following parameters has been analyzed:

for WAM scenario:

o net import up to 30% of electrical energy, instead of scenario without net import (except

from Nuclear power plant Krško);

o net import up to 30% electrical energy, instead of scenario without net import (except

from Nuclear power plant Krško), but in combination with 30% lower natural gas price

(in relation to prices from EU Reference scenario 2016);

Overview of the analysis is shown in Table 8-1 and in Figure 8-7.

Table 8-1: Overview of the sensitivtiy analysis


141

Scenario to

which the

projections

sensitivity was

analyzed

Changed parameters Influence on pollutant emissions

WAM

Net import up to 30% of electrical

energy, instead of scenario without net

import (except from Nuclear power

plant Krško)

Enabling net import of electrical energy while keeping

other parameters unchanged would lead to reduced work

of thermal power plants on fossil fuels and thus the

emissions of pollutants would be lower. Visible decrease

of SO2 emission is up to 3%, for NOx up to 1,5% and

under 1% for NMVOC in the year 2030.

WAM

Net import up to 30% electrical energy,

instead of scenario without net import

(except from Nuclear power plant

Krško), but in combination with 30%

lower natural gas price (in relation to

prices from EU Reference scenario

2016)

In case of additional change in natural gas prices (price

reduction), the difference in relation to WAM scenario

would be lower because the production of electrical

energy from natural gas would be cheaper, but the

emissions still show lower values compared to WAM

scenario.

Figure 8-7: Sensitivity analysis of emissions in relation to WAM scenario

9.7. MONITORING PROGRESS IN IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PAMS AND

THE NATIONAL AIR POLLUTION CONTROL PROGRAMME

Methods to determine progress made by current PaMs have been described in Chapter 3.2. When

elaborating the NAPCP, Member States must ensure that progress in implementation of the NAPCP

as a whole, as well as for individual additional PaMs is monitored by continuous and systematic data

collection. Intermediate targets should be established where applicable to ensure any issues with

implementation and application of the NAPCP and PaMs are detected early. For the NAPCP as a

whole, monitoring of progress must be undertaken relative to the trajectory of emission reductions

established in the initial NAPCP.

Monitoring of the NAPCP and individual PaMs should be undertaken throughout their life-cycle and

at the relevant levels of implementation (i.e. national/ regional/ local):

Implementation: introduction of PaM into laws, plans and programmes at the local, regional

and/or national level as defined in the NAPCP;


142

Application: monitoring of the progress in PaMs against their initial objectives. This should

be supported by monitoring of specific indicators as described below;

Compliance and enforcement: monitoring of specific actions undertaken by operators,

authorities and agencies, monitoring of any inspections that took place and enforcement

actions taken.

When defining indicators for NAPCP and individual PaMs, Member States should ensure that they

are relevant (linked to NAPCP and PaMs objectives), accepted by relevant stakeholders, credible

(easy to interpret), easy (to monitor) and robust (against manipulation). Indicators may be both

quantitative and qualitative. Exact selection of indicators depends on the content and administrative

framework in which the NAPCP and individual PaMs are established. For PaMs intended to directly

reduce emissions, change in annual emissions and contribution to concentrations from key (relevant)

sources should be monitored as a minimum.

In the following table 2.9.7. Examples of indicators to monitor progress in implementation and

application of NAPCP and additional PaMs are presented.

2.9.7. Monitoring progress in implementation of the PaMs and the national air pollution control programme

Indicators selected to monitor progress

in implementation and/or application

of the selected PaMs.

- report on the implementation of each plan and programme at national and

local level (plans, action plans and programmes);

- vehicle-kilometers reduced;

- number of low-emissions vehicles deployed;

- share of facilities applying advanced abatement system;

- number of inefficient domestic furnaces and boilers replaced;

- number of houses fitted with insulation;

- annual emissions from sources;

- contribution of sources to pollutants concentrations in air.

Indicators selected to monitor progress

in implementation and/or application

of the NAPCP

- report on the implementation of measures envisaged by WM and WAM

scenarios of the NAPCP;

- updating of relevant laws and regulations;

- inclusion of PaM into laws, plans and programmes at local and national

level;

- number of JLS (local government unit) that update their air quality plans;

- reduction in annual emissions achieved against planned emission

reduction trajectory;

- reduction in concentrations of pollutants in air (based on measurement and

application of models).

Interim targets set out at the level of

the selected PaMs and/or the NAPCP:

- supervision over the implementation of specific actions defined in this

Programme which should be undertaken by operators, competent

authorities, agencies;

- monitoring the implementation of action plans;

- monitoring the work of the inspection and its undertaken activities.

To monitor progress in the implementation of action plans for improving air quality, one of the

measures is:

Establishment of a tool / system for assessment of progress by applying air pollution modeling in

cities, which includes a more precise definition of the contribution of transboundary air pollution,

regional contribution and contribution of individual group of sources. Namely, the results of air

quality measurements in a period of one or several years can show a deterioration of air quality, even

though emissions have been reduced. Ground-level concentrations strongly depend on meteorological

and climate conditions, so in some years there may be, eg. a more days with air mass stagnation and

the accumulation of pollution, as well as the transmission of pollution from other areas can be very

different from year to year. By applying the models, it will be possible to determine how much is

consequently, improvement in air quality. Models can also be of a more robust type, in order to be


143

practical to use, an important comparison is with the initial year of implementation of a particular air

quality improvement plan, so the relative assessment gives a good information.

- In areas that contribute the most to particulate matter pollution (residential combustion), it is

necessary to accurately determine technologies and fuels that are used. That will enable an

assessment of the effects of the measures and planning of stimulating schemes and the

amount of financial resources required.

- In strategic environmental impact studies and environmental impact studies, special

attention should be focused on parts related to particulate matter emissions and the impact

on air quality.


144

10. DISSEMINTION OF THE NATIONAL AIR POLLUTION PROGRAMMME

This Chapter corresponds to the Chapter 2.10. „Dissemination of the national air pollution control

programme“ common reporting format on national air pollution programmes in accordance with the

NEC Directive of the European Parliament and the Council on the national emission reduction of

certain atmospheric pollutants.

Chapter and Table 2.10 of Format are not mandatory, but arbitrary parts of the Programme.

The chapter outlines the guidelines for dissemination of the Air pollution control programme.

The Republic of Croatia, as other Member States, most actively and systematically disseminate their

NAPCP to the public by publishing it on a publicly accessible internet site (Article 14(1) of the NEC

Directive). Pursuant to Article 19, paragraph 10 of the NEC Regulation, the National air pollution

control programme, as well as its updated versions, are published in the „Official Gazette“ and the

Ministriy's website. The mentioned is in accordance with the requirements of the UNECE Convention

on access to information, public participation in decision-making and access to justice in

environmental matters (Aarhus Convention24), the EU is committed to ensuring public access to

environmental information.

The Directive also requires Member States to disseminate datasets and information as reported in

accordance with Article 10 of NEC Directive and Aticle 12 of NEC Regulation, on a publicly

accessible internet site. In accordance with the aforementioned, and to facilitate the use of all reported

data under the NEC Directive, the Republic of Croatia included all website links to the NAPCP and

supporting datasets and reports in the Draft proposal of national air pollution control programme and

in the comman Format, which include links on:

national emission inventories;

national emission projections;

informative inventory report; and

additional reports and information communicated to the Commission in accordance with

Article 10 of the NEC Directive and Article 12 of the NEC Regulation including the location

of the monitoring sites and associated indicators for monitoring air pollution impacts on

ecosystems, and the monitoring data according to Article 9 of the NEC Directive and Article

24 of the NEC Regulation.

2.10. Dissemination of the national air pollution control programme

Active and systematic dissemination of the national air pollution control programme to the public

Overview of steps taken to

actively and systematically

disseminate the programme:

1. All website links provided in the NAPCP should be checked before

any submission of the NAPCP to ensure they are still working.

2. Publication in “Official Gazette“

3. Publication on websites of MZOE

Link to website where the

programme is published:

https://www.mzoip.hr/hr/okolis/zrak.html

Link(s) to available datasets,

underlying analysis and reports

supporting the NAPCP:

Link to national emission inventories and projections:

http://www.haop.hr/hr/emisije-oneciscujucih-tvari-u-zrak-na-podrucju-

republike-hrvatske/emisije-oneciscujucih-tvari-u

24 Directive 2003/4/EC, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A32003L0004

https://www.mzoip.hr/hr/okolis/zrak.html



http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex%3A32003L0004


145

http://www.haop.hr/hr/tematska-podrucja/zrak-klima-tlo/klimatske-

promjene/izvjesca

Link to a spatial emission distribution:


Link to data and reports that support the quality of Air in Republic of Croatia:












Link to data related to the position of monitoring locations and related

indicators used to monitor the effects of air pollution on ecosystems and

monitoring data:

http://cdr.eionet.europa.eu/hr/eu/nec_revised/sites/envwzyyww/

Document: „Guidance on the elaboration and implementation of the initial National Air Pollution

Control Programmes under the new National Emissions Ceilings Directive (2016/2284/EU)“, D

61728, Issue Number 6, Date 02/02/2018, Ricardo), states additional suggestions as the best practice

for dissemination of NAPCP:

- develop a communication plan to support the dissemination of the NAPCP:

o identify the targeted audience for the NAPCP (eg key competent authorities,

agencies, cities, reference and test laboratories, etc.) and

o list of media contacts and a timeframe for issuing press releases concerning the

NAPCP.

- include indicators for determining the level of public engagement with the NAPCP (as

setting up a target for the number of website hits, where the NAPCP is published).

- publishing of non-technical summaries for the public to explain the purpose of the NAPCP

and its content.

http://www.haop.hr/hr/tematska-podrucja/zrak-klima-tlo/klimatske-promjene/izvjesca

http://www.haop.hr/hr/tematska-podrucja/zrak-klima-tlo/klimatske-promjene/izvjesca













http://cdr.eionet.europa.eu/hr/eu/nec_revised/sites/envwzyyww/


146

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5850-5870, 2011.

[4] Izrada registra emisija onečišćujućih tvari za male i difuzne izvore s prostornom raspodjelom

u EMEP mreži visoke rezolucije, Zagreb: HAOP, 2018.

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https://strukturnifondovi.hr/. [Pokušaj pristupa 12 2 2018].

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jedinica putem dražbi u Republici Hrvatskoj do 2020. godine (Narodne novine, broj 19/18),

Zagreb: Vlada Republike Hrvatske, 2018.

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APPENDIX 1. DESCRIPTION OF CURRENTLY APPLIED AND ADOPETED PAM's

Energy

The important currently actual strategies and plans include: Energy Strategy (OG 130/09), Long-

Term Strategy for Mobilising Investment in the Renovation of the National Building Stock (OG

74/14), Plan for protection of air, ozone layer and climate change mitigation in the Republic of Croatia

for the period from 2013 to 2017 (OG 139/13), National Renewable Energy Action Plan (ME, 2013),

Program for the Energy Efficiency in Heating and Cooling (ME, 2016), Plan for the use of Funds

from the Sale of Emission Allowances in the EU ETS for the Period from 2014 to 2016 (OG 140/14,

12/17), a new Plan for the use of financial resources from the sale of the greenhouse gas emission

allowances by the auctions based on the EU ETS until 2020 (OG 19/18), set of national programs and

plans for the renovation of existing buildings and increase of nearly-zero energy buildings (described

later) and national Operational programs for the use of EU Funds.

Planning periods of some of the existing plans have expired, but very important policy documents are

either available in draft versions or in the process of development. Among them are: Low-Carbon

Development Strategy of the Republic of Croatia until 2030 with a view to 2050., Energy

Development Strategy of the Republic of Croatia, Action Plan for the Implementation of the Low-

Carbon Development Strategy for the First 5-year Period, Program for the Energy Efficiency in Public

Lighting until 2025 and Integrated Energy-Climate Plan for the Period 2021-2030.

The measures described below are taken from the listed documents, but also from the other national

or EU legislation if applicable for the reduction of GHG emissions.

MEN-1: National Plan for the Increase of the Number of Nearly-Zero Energy Buildings

According to the Directive 2010/31/EU on Energy Performance of Buildings (EPBD), member states

have to ensure that after 31st December 2020 all new buildings are build according to nearly zero

energy (nZEB) standard for buildings, and all new buildings in which stay or are owned by the public

bodies should be built according to the nZEB standard after 31st December 2018.

The calculations of the cost-optimal levels of minimum criteria for the energy performances of all

types of buildings were done in 2013 and 2014. In Technical Regulation OG 128/15 the definitions

of nZEB buildings were adopted to ensure to fulfilment of the requirements of the EPBD.

National Plan for the Increase of nZEB buildings was adopted in December 2014. The Program for

the stimulation of the building new buildings and renovation of existing buildings according to the

nZEB standard is in the development. Also, The Long-term Strategy to Stimulate Investment in the

Renovation of the National Building Stock in Croatia (OG 74/14) was adopted in 2014.

MEN-2: Program for energy renovation of the apartment buildings

This measure foresees the continuation for the implementation of The Program of Energy Renovation

of Apartment Buildings for the Period from 2014 to 2020 (OG 78/14), with the focus on the buildings

built before the 1987 and with the goal for their renovation to the B, A or A+ energy class.

The main source of the funding is based on the EU structural and investment funds (EU SIF), precisely

from the European Fund for the Regional Development. The goal is to increase the yearly renovation

share from 1% to 2% of the surface of the apartment buildings. The plan is to reallocate the funds

available from the ESIF to enable the renovation to happen in the planned scope. Important source of

funding of the renovations of apartment buildings in the Republic of Croatia were the revenues from

the sales of the greenhouse gas emission allowances by the auctions.

MEN-3: Program for the increase of energy efficiency and use of renewable energy sources in

commercial non-residential buildings

The measure builds up on The Program of Energy Renovation of Commercial Non-residential

Buildings for the Period from 2014 to 2020 (OG 98/14) with the plan allocate the funds available


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from the EU SIF for the implementation of the measures, with the focus to tourism and trade sectors.

The funds will be allocated in grants and through the advanced financial instruments and in

accordance with the EU regulations 651/2014 and 1407/2013 on state aid in EU.

Important source of funding of the use of renewable energy sources in commercial non-residential

buildings in the Republic of Croatia were the revenues from the sales of the greenhouse gas emission

allowances by the auctions.

MEN-4: : Program for the Energy Renovation of the Family Dwellings

The measure is based on The Program of Energy Renovation of Family Houses for the Period from

2014 to 2020 with the detail plan for the period from 2014 to 2016 (OG 43/14, 36/15), but with the

plan to allocate also the funds from the EU SIF and to advance the financial models to activate the

private capital. The goal is to support the renovation of 4000 houses in Croatia annually. Important

source of funding of the renovations of family dwellings in the Republic of Croatia were the revenues

from the sales of the greenhouse gas emission allowances by the auctions.

MEN-5: Program for the energy renovation of public buildings

The measure is based on the Programme for the Energy Renovation of Public Buildings 2014 - 2015

(Ministry of Construction and Physical Planning, 2014) and the Programme for the Energy

Renovation of Public Buildings 2016 - 2020 (OG, 22/17). The goal of the Programme for the Energy

Renovation of Public Buildings is to raise the level of activity in energy renovation by 3% of the total

building fund of the public sector annually, reduction of energy consumption for cooling / heating of

renovated public buildings up to 70%, annual savings of around 50GWh respectively, and meeting

the saving goals of public building sector, including alternative policy measures set out in the Third

National Efficiency Action Plan for the period 2014 – 2016.

The main source of finances in period 2016-2020 will be on the EU SIF, Operational Programme

Competitiveness and cohesion for the period from 2014 to 2020, under Priority Axis 4 - Promotion

of energy efficiency and renewable energy sources. The funds will be allocated with the goal to

activate the private capital and ESCO market. Important source of funding of the renovations of

public buildings in the Republic of Croatia were the revenues from the sales of the greenhouse gas

emission allowances by the auctions [10].

MEN-6: Energy management in the public sector

Energy management in the public sector include implementation of continuous and systematic

measurement, planning and improvements of the energy use in public sector. It includes the use of

national information system on energy management ISGE [11]. Energy Management Information

System (ISGE), which was supported and established by the UNDP, GEF, the Fund and the Croatian

Government, is used as a national tool for systematic energy and water management in public

buildings. ISGE is under the competence of the Ministry of Construction and Physical Planning and

Agency for Transactions and Mediation in Immovable Properties (APN).

The measure is regulated by the Energy Efficiency Act (OG 127/14), Directive 2012/27/EU on

Energy Efficiency, Ordinance on Energy Management (OG 18/15) and Methodology on Energy

Management (OG 18/15). By the end of 2019 the focus will be on the automation of the data

collection of the consumption of energy and water, reporting and verification of energy savings and

education of associates.

.

MEN-7: Measurement and informative calculation of energy consumption


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Law on Energy Efficiency (OG 127/14) stipulates that energy distributors ensure that, to the extent

that is technically possible, financially reasonable and proportionate in view of the potential energy

savings, final customers of energy and hot water in homes acquire individual meters at competitive

prices that accurately reflect the actual energy consumption of end customers. Energy supplier shall

free of charge on request of the end customer at least once a year provide information on the

calculation of electricity, heat or gas and previous consumption of the end customer.

Legible and understandable energy bills (electricity, heat and natural gas) and individual consumption

metering are obligation of distribution system operators and suppliers. This will increase consumer

awareness of the way in which they consume the energy. The bills should include comparisons of

consumption for the current year and for the corresponding period of the previous year, as well as

information on available energy efficiency measures.

MEN-8: Labelling the energy efficiency of household appliances

Scheme of labelling the energy efficiency of household appliances is legally prescribed in the

Regulations on Energy Labelling of Household Appliances (OG 130/2007, 101/2011, 48/13, 127/14).

It is prescribed that energy efficiency label have to be marked on all household appliances that use

electricity and are placed on the Croatian market, whether they are manufactured in the Republic of

Croatia or imported.

By energy labelling, customers are informed about the energy consumption of devices and selection

is directed towards more efficient appliances. For the implementation of these measures, a lot has

been done to raise public awareness and educate in order to increase the market share of household

appliances with A, A+, A++ energy efficiency class and reduce the market share of household

appliances under class C.

MEN-9: Eco-design of energy-using products

Ordinance on establishing Eco-design requirements for energy related products (OG 80/2013, 127/14,

50/15), transposed the 2009/125/EZ Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21

the October 2009 about establishing a framework for determining the Eco-design requirements for

energy related products to the Croatian legislation.

This Ordinance established a framework for the setting of EU Eco-design of energy-related products

with the aim of ensuring the free movement of these products on the internal market. The Ordinance

provides for the determination of requirements to be met by energy-related products covered by

implementing measures, to be placed on the market and / or in use. It contributes to sustainable

development by increasing the energy efficiency and level of environmental protection, while at the

same time increasing the security of energy supply.

This Ordinance also allows the implementation of provisions related to the Directive 2009/125/EZ

(air conditioners and fans, fan motor-driven, self-circulation pumps without seals, household washing

machines, electric motors, non-directional household lamps, lamps directed to the corresponding

equipment LED - lamps, fluorescent lamps, external power supplies, cooling devices, simple control

boxes, electric and electronic equipment in homes and offices - mode, hold and mute, televisions,

household dryers, washing household dishes and pumps water). The Ordinance came into force on

the date of the Republic of Croatia accession to EU.

MEN-10: Promotion of energy efficiency and implementation of measures through energy services

model

The goal of the promotion of energy efficiency is to raise the awareness of the persons and companies

on possibilities and benefits of improving the energy efficiency. The leading body is the National

Energy Efficiency Authority (NKT), which moderates and promotes the national web portal for

energy efficiency www.enu.hr [12].


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Energy efficiency projects with implementation through energy services include modernization,

reconstruction and renovation of existing plants and facilities with the aim of rational use of energy

in a way to achieve the return on investment through savings in energy costs and maintenance. These

projects include the development, implementation and financing to improve energy efficiency and

reduce operation and maintenance. Areas of business are public and private sectors, i.e. buildings

(schools and kindergartens, offices, hotels, universities, hospitals), public lighting, industry and

power supply systems (cogeneration, district heating).

MEN-11: Program for the reduction of energy poverty

The reduction of the energy poverty in Croatia will be accomplished through three activities:

development of the Program for the Reduction of the Energy Poverty; capacity building of the

institutions for the reduction of the energy poverty; and implementation of measures for the energy

and water savings in the households which meet energy poverty criteria [13] [6].

The financing of the measures will be based on the revenues from the auctions of the emission

allowances from the EU ETS, and the goal is to implement the measures in around 330 households

annually.

MEN-12: Education in the area of energy efficiency

The goal of this measure is to set the education and certification system for the workers in the area of

energy efficiency.

The Ordinance on education and certification system will be developed and education of coaches and

program for the education done in accordance with the CROSKILLS [14] project. The purpose of

the Ordinance is to support the education and improvement of work force for energy efficient building

and renovation of buildings in order to make preformed work better.

The important source of the funding will be through the EU SIF, Operational Program Efficient

Human Resources.

MEN-13: National Program for the Energy Efficiency in Public Lighting

Public lighting consumes around 3% of final electricity consumption in Croatia and there is a

significant potential of increasing energy efficiency, according to the draft of the 4th National Energy

Efficiency Action Plan for the period 2017 - 2019. [13]. By this measure, National Program for the

Energy Efficiency in Public Lighting will be developed. The focus of the program will be on

establishing the advanced implementation models to together with the efficient allocation of the funds

available from the EU SIF based on the Operational Program Competitiveness and Cohesion 2014-

2020. The goal of energy savings of the Program is for every year by the 2020 to achieve a proven

savings in public lighting system in the amount of over 30 GWh and to cover over 50% of the public

lighting system.

MEN-14: Green public procurement

Green public procurement represents a voluntary environmental protection instrument that

encourages environmantal protection and sustainable consumption and produciton. It is defined as a

procedure by which a purchaser purchase the goods, works and services defined by standards that

contain key environmental pressures, and related to resources and energy consumption, impact on

biodiversity and eutrophication, toxicity, emission of pollutants, greenhouse gases and CO2, and

generation of waste at the site of production. The goal of this measure is to incorporate the criteria of

environmental protection in public procurement. Based on the National Action Plan for Green Public

Procurement for the Period 2015-2017 with a view to 2020 (Ministry for environmental protection

and Energy, 2015), the parties obligated for the public procurement should include environmental

protection criteria. The goal is that by 2020 at least 50% of public procurement incorporate the criteria

of environmental protection.


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New Public Procurement Act (OG 120/16) prescribed the obligation for the economic evaluation of

the offers, including evaluation of social and environmental criteria, which will be the strong stimulus

for the green public procurement.

MEN-15: Energy audits in industry

With this measure, support to assess the potential energy savings in industrial plants through co-

financing the implementation of energy audits should be provided. Scheme for Energy audits in

industry includes:

- mandatory energy audits for large companies (companies that meet at least two of the following

criteria: total assets of at least HRK 130,000,000.00, annual income of at least HRK

260,000,000.00, an average of at least 250 employees during the financial year). The obligation

is regulated by the Law on Energy Efficiency (OG 127/14),

- voluntary scheme of energy audits for small and medium companies. Energy audits on a

voluntary basis are supported by the financial assistance provided by the Environmental

Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund.

MEN-16: Industrial Energy Efficiency Network (MIEE)

Industrial Energy Efficiency Network (MIEE) is a national energy program for stimulation of energy

efficiency in the economy - small, medium and large enterprises. This is the voluntary cooperation

instrument of energy consumers, experts, state institutions, interested parties in a functional structure

that would aim to improve rational use of energy, ie. to promote the energy efficiency in industry

sector, support the synergies of the processes where possible and facilitate the access to funds

available through various options.

MEN-17: Increase of the use of renewable energy sources and energy efficiency in industry sector

The plan of this measure is to reallocate the funds available from the EU SIF, based on the Operational

Program Competitiveness and Cohesion as well as funds available from the auctions of the emission

allowances in EU ETS and direct them for the use of renewable energy sources and energy efficiency

in industry sector.

The allocation of the funds has to be in line with the Regulations of the EU 651/2014 and 1407/2013

on the state aid.

A signed Agreement on allocation of non-refundable funds within the „Increasing of energy

efficiency and using renewable energy sources in manufacturing industries“, June 18, 2018, signed

and assigned to users (77) (Ministry for environmental protection and Enegry, Environmantal

Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund). Initially it was planned to allocate HRK 114 million, but

this amount was increased due to large number of quality project proposals, thus the total value of

non-refundable funds allocated was HRK 269.327.760,66. Funds are provided within the Operational

Programe Competitiveness and Cohesion for the period from 2014 to 2020. After the implementation

of activities envisaged by this call, CO2 emissions will be lower by 17.125 tonnes per year.

Additionally, in the industrial sector without the food industry, total energy demand from non

renewable sources will be reduced by 83.7 million kWh, which is 0,97% of the total energy consumed

by this sector per year in the Republic of Croatia.

MEN-18: Feed-in tariffs and premium system for the support of the use of renewable energy sources

in electricity generation and for the efficient cogeneration

The main mechanism creditable for the past development of renewable energy sources are incentive

prices (feed-in tariffs). “Feed-in tariff” (FiT) is an incentive system, usually used for power plants on

renewable sources, small cogenerations, etc. The state regulates that the operator of distributive or


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portable network conclude contracts with the power plant operator, by which will pay, over a certain

number of years, a pre-fixed price for each unit of electrical energy. The tariffs depend on the type of

source, power plant size and amount of generated electricity.

In addition to the system of incentives for electricity, generation from cogeneration plants provides

adoption of appropriate regulations to promote the heat generation from cogeneration (defining the

status of eligible heat producer).

In the National Action Plan for Renewable Energy Sources (Ministry of Economy, 2013), the

Republic of Croatia determined the objectives and policy for increasing the share of RES in final

energy consumption by 2020 to 20%, 35% in electricity generation, 10% in transport and 20% in

heating and cooling.

Act on Renewable Energy Sources and Efficient Cogeneration (OG 100/15) was adopted in 2015 and

modified the existing system from the feed-in tariffs to premium. The bylaws still have to be adopted

and no tender has been done in line with the new model.

MEN-19: Program for the Energy Efficiency in Heating and Cooling

The Program (Ministry of Economy, 2014) analysed the potential for the development of the district

heating systems, mapped the energy consumption and production of heat, explored the potential for

additional highly efficient cogeneration and evaluated the possible support mechanisms for the

efficient cogeneration. The Program set out the guidelines for development of the heating and cooling

sector and primary energy savings.

MEN-20: Promotion of the use of renewable energy sources and energy efficiency by HBOR-a

(Croatian Bank for Reconstruction and Development)

For the purpose of financing the environmental protection projects, HBOR extends loans through the

Loan programme for the Preparation of Renewable Energy Resources and Loan Programme for the

Financing of Projects of Environmental protection, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy

Sources.

The goal of the loan program of environmental projects, energy efficiency and renewable energy

sources is the realization of investment projects focused on environmental protection, improving

energy efficiency and promoting renewable energy. Loans are intended for investment in land,

buildings, equipment and devices. Final user may be local and territorial (regional) governments,

utility companies, companies, dealers and other legal entities.

MEN-21: Promotion of the use of renewable energy sources and energy efficiency by FZOEU (The

Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund) resources

The Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund provides funding for the preparation,

implementation and development of programs and projects in the field of environmental protection,

energy efficiency and use of renewable energy sources and climate change mitigation.

Funds for financing are provided from the revenues raised by environmental polluters, which include

charges for nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide and carbon dioxide emissions, charges for burdening the

environment with waste, environmental user charges and special charges for the environment for

motor vehicles.

Resources of the Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund are allocated to projects,

which improve energy efficiency, including cogeneration, district heating systems, energy audits and

demonstration activities, public lighting projects, fuel replacement and waste heat use and projects in

the field of building construction and sustainable construction.


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Renewable energy projects for which the Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund

grants resources include solar energy, wind energy, biomass, energy from small hydro and geothermal

energy.

The Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund provides grants to local and regional

governments, companies, craftsmen, non-profit organizations and individuals, through loans, interest

rate subsidies, financial aids and donations. For some tenders of the Fund, operators in the EU ETS

are eligible, thus this measure has effects in the EU ETS and non-EU ETS sector.

MEN-22: CO2 emission tax for the non-ETS stationary sources

The Regulation on Unit Charges, Corrective Coefficients and Detailed Criteria and Benchmarks for

Determination of the Charge for Emissions into Environment of Carbon Dioxide (OG 73/07, 48/09,

2/18) stipulates the obligation to pay charges on CO2 emission for all stationary sources emitting more

than 30 tonnes of CO2 per year. Fee payers who invest in energy efficiency, renewable energy and

other measures to reduce emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gas emissions are charged by lower

fee. The Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund is authorized for accounting and

collecting charges.

The Law on Amendments to the Law on Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund (OG

142/12) stipulates that from 1 January 2013, legal or natural persons who own or use a single source

of CO2 emissions, for which permits for greenhouse gas emissions have been obtained, do not have

to pay fee. This means that from 2013 onwards measures apply only to sources that are not covered

by the ETS. The fee is paid to FZOEU (Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund). The

amount of charge per unit is determined by the Government of the Republic of Croatia, each year for

the previous calendar year by March 31 of the current year.

The amount of compensation paid by the operators of installations excluded from the EU ETS in

accordance with the Article 27 of Directive 2003/87/EC on establishing a scheme for GHG emission

allowance trading within the Community is defined by the Decision on the amount of the unit charge

on greenhouse gas emissions for operators of installations excluded from emissions trading system.

The unit fee for 2013 was HRK 32.78 for emitting one tonne of CO2 in 2013 (OG 105/14), HRK

45.40 in 2014 (OG 96/15), HRK 58.29 in 2015, HRK 39.53 in 2016, HRK 58,29 in 2017 and 116,19

HRK in 2018.

The price for a present year is determined based on the average EUA price in the EU ETS in the

previous year.

MEN-23: Revitalization and energy efficiency in existing thermal and hydro power plants

The activities of this measure are related to the Croatian utility company HEP. As listed in the 4th

National Energy Efficiency Action Plan [13], in the coming years the plans for revitalization and

implementation of energy efficiency measures in existing thermal and hydro power plants include:

reconstruction of water management system, new steam boiler, optimization and automation of hydro

stations, revitalization of hydro power plants, reduction of own use of heat, new measurement systems

etc.

MEN-24: Reconstruction and renovation of the heating and steam network

Due to the ageing and damages of the heating and steam network, high losses of energy are occurring.

In accordance with the Law of heat energy market (OG 80/13, 14/14, 102/14, 95/15), unit of local

self-government and energy subjects for the distribution of the heat energy are obligated, inter alia,

to ensure the quality performance of energy activity of the heat energy distribution on the prinicples

of sustainable development, to ensure the maintenance of the distribution network and to take care of

energy efficiency and the protection of environment and nature.

In the period from 2014 to 2020, the co-financing of a significant part of the required investments is

ensured within the Operational Programme Competitiveness and Cohesion for the period 2014 – 2020.


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MEN-25: Operation of power system and development of the transmission and distribution network

Croatian Transmission System Operator (HOPS) is responsible for the reduction of losses in

transmission network, development of the transmission network and management of the power

system. As listed in the 4th National Energy Efficiency Action Plan, HOPS will focus on optimization

of network topology and reduction of losses and development of the network capacity.

HEP-Distribution System Operator (HEP-ODS) is responsible for the reduction of losses in

distribution network and implementation of smart meters for the final consumers in Croatia.

The funds for the pilot project for the introduction of “smart grids” are available under the Operational

Programme Competitiveness and Cohesion for the period 2014-2020.

MEN-26: Reduction of volatile organic compounds emissions occurring during the loading of motor

vehicles with gasoline at service stations

The Regulative on technical standards for environmental protection to reduce volatile organic

compounds emissions occurring during the loading of motor vehicles with gasoline at service stations

(OG 44/16) prescribes technical standards for the environmental protection, ensuring reduction of air

pollution from volatile organic compounds that occurs during the loading of motor vehicles with

gasoline at service stations. Iti s prescribed by the Regulation that each service station (new and

existing) must be equipped with the vapour recovery unit for gasoline (VRU) along with prescribed

parameters and conditions. All existing service stations with a flow exceeding 3.000 m3 per year must

be equipped with the vapour recovery unit no later than December 31, 2018.

MIP-3: Reduction of volatile organic compounds emissions occurring during the storage and

distribution of gasoline

The regulation on technical standards of evnironmental protection from volatile organic comopunds

emissions that occurs during the storage and distribution of gasoline (OG 135/06), prescribes

technical standards of environmental protection for gasoline storage and refuelling devices at

terminals and service stations, and mobile containers used for gasoline transport from one terminal

to another, or from terminal to station and deadlines for their achievement.

MIP-5: Quality control of liquid petroleum fuels

Quality of liquid petroleum fuels is regulated by the Regulation on quality of liquid petroleum fuels,

the method of monitoring and reporting, methodology of calculating the greehouse gas emissions in

the life span of delivered fuels and energy (OG 57/17) and with annual quality monitoring

programmes for liquid petroleum fuels that are placed on the market of the Republic of Croatia or

used for private purposes.

This Regulative prescribes limit values of components and/or quality features of liquid petroleum

fuels, the mode of determination and monitoring of liquid petroleum fuels, conditions for the work of

the laboratory for sampling and laboratory analysis of the quality of liquid petroleum fuels, mode of

demonstrating the product conformity, name and labeling of products, mode and deadlines for

delivering reports on the quality of liquid petroleum fuels and reports on GHG emissions in their life

span and energy to CAEN, method of monitoring and reporting, methodology for calculating GHG

emissions in the fuel life span and energy, methodology for determining the level of GHG emissions

in the fuel life span per unit of energy for the base year 2010, methodology for calculating the

contribution of electric road vehicles to reduction of GHG emissions, reporting format and the length

of storage and mode of delivering data to relevant EU bodies.

The annual quality monitoring progress for liquid petroleum fuels prescribe the method of sampling

of liquid petroleum fuels, especially for service stations, storages and transport tanks, number and

frequency of sampling of liquid petroleum fuels, locations of sampling, depending on the quality of

liquid petroleum fuels that the supplier had placed on the market of the Republic of Croatia or used


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for private purposes, as well as the method of conducting laboratory analysis of liquid petroleum fuel

samples and reporting on the implementation of the analysis.

This measure is directly affecting the content of sulfur, lead, olefines, aromatics, benzenes, polycyclic

aromatic hydrocarbons, oxygenates and fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) in the following fuels:

gasoline, diesel fuel, gas oil, fuel oil, marine fuel and petroleum, which also affects the reduction of

SO2 and NMVOC.

MEN-29: Limiting emissions of pollutants for non-road mobile machinery

Limiting emissions of pollutants for non-road mobile machinery is regulated by the Regulation on

measures for preventing emissions of gas pollutants and particulate pollutants from internal

combustion engines which are incorporated into non-road mobile machinery TPV 401 (Edition 02)

(OG 113/15).

The Ordinance is applied for the homologation of a type of internal combustion engine which is

installed into non-road mobile machinery considering the pollutant emission, and prescribing limit

values and emission measurement methods, methods of marking, homologation procedures and

issuing of certificates on homologation for internal combustion engines installed in non-road mobile

machinery, and conditions for conformity of production of such engines. New engines and non-road

mobile machinery in which they are installed, can be put on the market and into use only if they have

a valid homologation certificate. This Regulation also prescribes the obligation to determine the

conformity of internal combustion engines that are installed into non-road mobile machinery. And

the conditions that must be met by legal persons for performing certain tasks in the conformity

assessment procedure.

Regulated pollutants are: carbon monoxide, total hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and pollutants in the

form of particles.

Transport

MTR-1: Providing information to consumers on fuel economy and CO2 emission of new passenger

cars

Pursuant to the Regulation on Availability of Information on Fuel Economy and CO2 Emissions from

Passenger Cars (OG 7/15) each supplier of new passenger cars intended for sale shall provide

consumers with information on the fuel consumption rate and specific CO2 emission of passenger

cars. The Ministry of Interior which is responsible for the road traffic safety, on the basis of the

Regulation once a year, not later than 31 March of the current year, makes a Guidelines on cost-

effectiveness of fuel consumption and CO2 emission from new passenger cars available for purchase

on the market in the Republic of Croatia. The Guidelines contains required information for each

model of new passenger cars available in the domestic market.

MTR-2: Training for drivers of road vehicles for eco-driving

The pilot projects were conducted and systematic training for drivers of road vehicles for eco-driving

is implemented. This saves energy and increases the level of awareness of all citizens and drivers in

the Republic of Croatia on advantages of this modern, intelligent and environmentally friendly

driving style. Special elements are dedicated to education on eco driving for drivers of passenger cars,

buses and trucks [13].

Training on the eco-driving elements is conducted by short trainings (about 60 – 120 minutes per

candidate) among the drivers who received their drivers licences before the Regulation on Driver

Training (OG 13/09) entered int force, by which for all driving schools and instructors was set the

obligation to conduct training on the elements of eco-driving during the standard training of driver

canditates. It should be noted that the proposed measure does not apply to new drivers, who received

eco-training in accordance with the legal obligations set out in this Regulation.


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In 2015, approximately 1.000 drivers passed eco-driving training. This measure in 2015 achieved

savings of 17.513 TJ. The largest number of trained drivers are truck and bus drivers (645 trained

drivers), who are also the largest consumers, and their training has achiveded a saving of 14.6 TJ . It

is estimated that in Croatia there are about 1,500,000 drivers who obtained their license before the

Regulation on Driver Training (OG 13/09) entered into force, ie drivers who have no training on eco-

driving

MTR-3: Regulation for the use of biofuels in transport

The basic regulation that regulates and promotes the usage of biofuel is Law on Biofuels for Transport

(OG 65/09, 145/10, 26/11, 144/12, 14/14).

Based on this law, in 2010, the National Action Plan that promotes the production and use of biofuels

in transport for the period 2011 - 2020 was prepared. The Plan establishes a policy to promote

increased production and use of biofuels in transport in Croatia. The Plan contains a review and

assessment of the situation on the fuel market for transport and air protection, comparative analysis,

long-term goals, including the target-market of biofuels and measures to promote increased

production and use of biofuels in transport.

Measures prescribed by action plan included measures that promote the production of raw materials

for the production of biofuels, measures that promote the production of biofuels with reference to the

fee for promotion of production, measures that promote consumption of biofuels with reference to

liquid petroleum distributors to place the biofuels on market, administrative measures and research

and development activities. The National Action Plan for Renewable Energy Sources (Ministry of

Economy, 2013) determined the goals and policies related to increasing the share of RES in final

energy consumption by 2020 and in particular the estimated contribution of energy of biofuels in

transport.

In 2014 the national system was modified to support only the use of biofuels in transport, not the

production. Croatia has to modify the system again in 2017 to include the provisions of Directive

2015/1513 (ILUC Directive) for the biofuels in transport, but this will be done in 2018.

The limit values of the quality characteristics of biofuels placed on the domestic market, the method

of determining the quality of biofuels and the way of demonstrating conformity are prescribed by the

Regulation on Biofuels Quality (OG 141/05, 33/11). The aim of the Regulation is to place biofuels

and other renewable fuels of prescribed quality on the domestic market, as a replacement for diesel

fuels and gasoline for transport purposes, in meeting the goals of climate change commitments,

energy supply security that favours the environment and the promotion of renewable energy sources.

MTR-4: Special fee for environment on the motor vehicles

The current system of paying a special fee for the environment in motor vehicles is regulated by Law

on Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund (OG 107/03, 144/12), Regulation on unit

charges, corrective coefficients and detailed criteria and standards to determine the special

environmental fee for motor vehicles (OG 114/14, 147/14) and by the Ordinance on the method and

calculation and payment deadlines of a special environmental charge on motor vehicles (OG 20/04).

Special environmental charge on motor vehicles implies the fee paid by legal or physical persons,

owners or vehicle right holders. Special charge is calculated and paid when registering the vehicle, ie

when verifying the technical correctness of the vehicle, based on the decision of Environmental

Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund. Special fee is charged taking into consideration the type of

engine and fuel, engine operating volume, type of vehicle, CO2 emissions and vehicle’s age.

MTR-5 Special tax on motor vehicles

This tax is prescribed by the Law on Special Tax on Motor Vehicles (OG 15/13, 108/13, 115/16,

127/17). The tax is related to the vehicles intended for use on the roads in Croatia in the moment of


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their first registration in Croatia. The tax depends on the price of the vehicles, fuel type and CO2

emissions. The hybrid and electric vehicles are not subject to this tax.

MTR-6: Financial incentives for the purchase of plug-in hybrid and electric vehicles

Electric and hybrid vehicles are due to the cost of technological development currently still more

expensive than conventional vehicles using internal combustion engines. Electric vehicles are

significantly more efficient than conventional from the standpoint of primary energy consumption

and are almost neutral from the standpoint of carbon dioxide emissions provided that are powered by

electricity generated by using renewable sources.

In order to increase the share of electric and hybrid vehicles, subsidies for the purchase of electric

and hybrid vehicles through a grant have been introduced. These payments are made from the income

of the Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund achieved, inter alia, by collecting special

environmental charge for motor vehicles and by the funds collected from the sales of emission

allowances on the auctions [13] [6].

MTR-7: Development of infrastructure for alternative fuels

Based on the Directive 2014/94/EU on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure, Croatia has

adopted The National Policy Framework on Development of the Infrastructure and Market for

Alternative Fuels in Transport (OG 34/17) and the Act on Development of the Infrastructure for

Alternative Fuels (OG 120/16) with the goal to promote and ensure development of the infrastructure

for alternative fuels in order to minimize oil dependence and mitigate the negative impact of transport

on the environment.

The measure includes development of the infrastructure for the use of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in

maritime transport. The measures will be financed based on various models: from utility companies,

by the funds available from the auctions of allowances in EU ETS, from the EU SIF, based on the

Operational Programme Competitiveness and cohesion for the period from 2014 to 2020, under

Priority Axis 7 – Connectivity, with the coordination with the local governance etc.

MTR-8: Promotion of integrated and intelligent transport systems and alternatives fuels in urban areas

Traffic and need for mobility is one of the biggest pressures on the environment in urban areas.

Increase in the number of passenger cars, the way they are used, intensity of traffic and unstructured

expansion of urban areas largely reversed technological progress in relation to the energy efficiency

of vehicles and emission intensity, including noise.

This measure include promotion of optimization of transport of goods, integrated transport of citizens,

intelligent transport management, promotion of car-sharing schemes, promotion of public bicycles

and measures to support the development of infrastructure for alternative fuels in urban areas.

With this measure, a gradual development of sustainable transport systems in urban areas of Croatia

is provided where Plans for sustainable transport development should be drawn up as basic documents.

These plans would include the analysis of the current situation, defining the vision and objectives,

impact analysis and the adoption of measures for all types of transportation, distribution of

responsibilities, method of implementation and monitoring mechanism. These plans would be

brought on the level of major cities, they should be prepared in accordance with the European

Commission guidelines and funded through EU programs and funds.

In addition, incentives are expected and under the Operational Programme Competitiveness and

cohesion for the period from 2014 to 2020 where under Priority Axis 7 - Connectivity and mobility,

the development of public transport system with low levels of CO2 is planned.

MTR-9: Monitoring, reporting and verification of greenhouse gas emissions in the lifetime of liquid

fuels


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In accordance with the Air Protection Act (OG 130/11, 47/14, 61/17, 118/18), supplier that places the

fuel on domestic market shall monitor greenhouse gas emissions per energy unit in the life span of

the fuel. Suppliers have to draw up a report that has to be verified and submitted to the Croatian

Agency for the Environment and Nature.

Pursuant to the Act, the Croatian Government's Regulation on the quality of liquid petroleum fuels

and the method of monitoring and reporting and methodology of calculation of greenhouse gas

emissions in the lifetime of delivered fuels and energy (OG 57/17) lays down the limit values of

components and/or quality characteristics of liquid petroleum fuels, method of determining and

monitoring the quality of liquid petroleum fuels, conditions for the operation of sampling laboratories

and laboratory analysis of the quality of liquid petroleum fuels, the way of demonstrating conformity

of the product, the name and marking of the product, way and deadlines for the submission of reports

on the quality of liquid petroleum fuels and emissions reports of greenhouse gases in the lifetime of

fuels and energy to the Croatian Agency for Environment and Nature, method of monitoring and

reporting, methodology for calculation of greenhouse gas emissions in lifetime of fuels and energy,

methodology for determining the level of greenhouse gas emissions in lifetime of fuels per energy

unit for the base 2010, methodology for calculating the contribution of electric road vehicles to

reducing greenhouse gas emissions, the format of the report and the length of the storage and the

manner of transmission of data to the competent bodies European Union.

MTR-10: Prevention and control of the ship emissions to air

The Regulation on the publication of the 1997 Protocol amending the 1973 International Convention

for Prevention of Pollution from Ships, as amended by the 1978 Protocol (MARPOL 73/78)

(International Treaties, OG 4/05). Requirements are prescribed for application of the special

mandatory measures for releasing SOX from the ships in order to prevent, reduce and control air

pollution from SOX, as well as its adverse impacts on the land and sea. Except SOX, nitrogen oxides

(NOX), ozone depleting substances and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are also controlled. In

addition to pollutants, this Protocol also regulates incineration on the ship, which is permitted only in

a ship's waste incineratior, the quality of the fuel that can be used and those sea areas where a fuel of

certain quality can be used. Except for the ships, the prescribed 19 regulations are applied also to

immovable an floating platforms, as well as drilling platforms, they have to comply to the

requirements of this Protocol with the exception of the landings that occur directly becouse of

exploration, exploitation and that are related to processing of mineral resources from the sea bottom

or the use of hydrocarbons produced and later used on the platform as a fuel.

Rules for the statutory maritime ships certification, Prevention of Pollution (OG 32/18) prescribe

technical requirements for Croatia State-owned ships in relation to the prevention of air and sea

pollution from ships and it contains the regulations consistant with the 1973 International Convention

for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, as amended by 1978 Protocol (MARPOL 73/78), with

regards to Annex VI Prevention of Air Pollution.

MTR-11: Limiting emission of pollutants from road vehicles

Limiting emission of pollutants from non-road mobile machinery is regulated by: Ordinance on the

procedure of the homologation of motor vehicles considering the measures to reduce emissions of

pollutants from TVP 102 engine (Edition 02) (OG 49/13, 57/13) and by the Ordinance on the

homologation procedure of the motor vehicles considernig the measures for reducing pollutant

emissions from TPV 102 engine (Edition 00) (OG 17/08).

The Ordinance (Edition 00) regulates the procedure for the homologation of motor vehicles of M and

N1 categories, with regard to the measures for reducing the emissions of gaseous and particulate

pollutants from their engines and replacement catalytic converters intended for such vehicles.

The Ordinance (Edition 02) applies to emissions from light passenger and commercial vehicles (Euro

5 and Euro 6).


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Regulated pollutants are: carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxides (NOx),

hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides (HC + NOx) and particles.

Industrial processes and product use

The Industrial Strategy of the Republic of Croatia 2014 – 2020 defines objectives of industrial

development and key indicators of the Croatian industry in the period 2014 – 2020. According to the

“realistic scenario”, by the year 2020 achieving the level of physical volume of industrial production

on the level of 2008 is expected, when it reached the highest level of economic activity in Croatia.

Measures belonging to the ETS sector are included in the section Other (cross-cutting) policies and

measures under the measure MCC-4 Emission Trading System (the measures are below):

- reduction of clinker factor in cement production – increase in share of mineral additives in the

cement up to 35%, depending on the composition of raw materials, availability of suitable

additives on the market and market demands for certain types of cement (clinker content in

cement is defined by standard HRN EN 197-1);

- increase of recycled glass in the glass production - returning container glass that lost applied

value into the production process (depends on the efficiency of waste glass collection system in

the Republic of Croatia and the possibility of import of waste glass);

- reduction of N2O emission in nitric acid production (catalytic decomposition) – N2O emission

reduction up to 88% can be achieved by installing the catalyst; measure is cost-effective because

of relatively low marginal costs and high N2O emission reduction potential. For NOX removal in

the nitric acid plant, the unit for low-temeperature catalytic reduction is installed – selective

catalytic reduction that is in use.

In addition to production of cement, nitric acid and ammonia, the key source in the sector Industrial

processes and product use is production of petrochemical and carbon black, non-energy products

from fuels and solvent use and consumption of hydrofluorocarbons in refrigerating and air-

conditioning equipment. Therefore the following measures are considered:

MIP-1: Reducing emissions of volatile organic compounds in solvent use sector

Regulation on limit values for contents of volatile organic compounds in certain paints and varnishes

used in construction and vehicles finishing products (OG 69/13) prescribes limit values for contents

of these volatile organic compounds in certain paints and varnishes which are used in construction

and vehicle finishing products which can be placed on the market, way of determining and monitoring

product quality, the method of proving the compliance, naming and labeling the products, method

and deadline of delivery of the product quality report to Croatina Agency for Environment and Nature

(CAEN) and the method of delivery of data to relevant Eu bodies. Users of solvent-based products

can create and apply an annual solvent management plan, and thus reduce the emissions of volatile

organic compounds, and also the emissions of carbon dioxide.

Agriculture

The positive impact of the implementation of measures on overall pollutant (NH3, NMVOC, NOX,

PM2,5 i PM10) and GHG emissions in the agriculture sector is reflected in the direct reduction of

mentioned pollutants, methane and nitrogen compounds emissions. Measures included in the

formation of scenarios of gradual transition of agriculture in relation to the referent scenario:

MAG-0 Implementation of the Rural Development Programme 2014-2020

One of the most important areas of action of the EU institutions, both within the scope of the joint

legal acquis, and in terms of share in the EU budget, represents the Common Agricultural Policy

(CAP). Rural development, as the second CAP tier, is financed through the Agricultural Fund for

Rural Development (EAFRD). The precondition for the use of EAFRD funds in the next program

period is to develope the Rural Development Programme for the Republic of Croatia 2014-2020. The


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set goals of the “European Strategy for Smart, Sustainable and Inclusive Growth – EUROPE 2020”,

economical, evnironmental and territorial challenges of the EU are evident within three CAP goals:

agriculture competitiveness, sustainable resource management and balanced development of rural

areas. Rural Development Programme should achieve the goals set by CAP through measures given

in six priorities:

- promotion of knowledge and innovation transfers in agriculture, forestry and rural areas

- improvement of sustainability and competitiveness of agriculture in all regions and promoting

innovative agricultural technologies and sustainable forest management

- promotion of food provision chain, including processing and market placement of agricultural

products, animal welfare and risk management

- revitalization, protection and improvement of agriculture and forestry related ecosystems

- promotion of resource efficiency and encouraging the shift to low-carbon farming, resilient to

climate changes in the agriculture, food and forestry sectors

- promotion of social involvement, combating poverty through economic development of rural

areas.

Waste management

For the purpose of effective implementation of the measures included in the waste management sector,

along with the already adopted sectoral legislation that is harmonized with EU legislation, it is

necessary to adopt a more significant number of by-lows, especially regarded to obligations under

the new EU rules with legally binding goals for waste recycling and reduction of waste disposal.

According to these rules, a fixed deadlines are set for Member states that have to adjust their national

legislation for moving to the ciruclar economy in the next two years. It will primarily impact on the

projections after 2020 to measures MWM-1, MWM-2 and MWM-3, described below. In accordance

with the law, quantitative goals and deadlines are defined for reducing the total quantity of waste

disposed on unmanaged landfills. By the end of 2017the maximum permissible mass of waste that

could be disposed on unmanaged landfills was 800,000 tons. Waste disposal on unmanaged landfills

in Croatia was forbidden after December 31, 2017.

MWM-1: Preventing the generation and reducing the amount of municipal waste

It is the first in the order of priority in the municipal waste management, pursuant to the Sustainable

Waste Management Act (OG 94/13). This measure is achieved by cleaner production, education,

economic instruments and enforcement of regulations, and by investing in modern technologies. By

the Waste Management Plan of the Republic of Croatia for the period 2017 – 2022 (OG 3/17) the

goals to be achieved by 2022, compared to 2015, are defined. Objective related to improvement of

the municipal waste management system includes the goal related to reducing the total amount of

municipal waste produced by 5%.

MWM-2 Increasing the amount of separately collected and recycled municipal waste

Beside the Sustainable Waste Management Act, the Waste Management Plan of the Republic of

Croatia for the period 2017 – 2022 also defines the quantitative targets and deadlines for increasing

the amount of separately collected and recycled waste. By 2020, it is necessary to secure the

preparation for reuse and recycling of the following waste materials: paper, metal, plastic and glass

from households and possibly from other sources if these waste streams are similar to the waste from

households, with the minimum share of 50% by waste weight.

MWM-3: Methane and NMVOC flaring

The Ordinance on the Methods and Conditions for the Landfill of Waste, Categories and Operational

Requirements for Landfills (OG 114/15) and Ordinance on the Waste Management (OG 117/17)

regulate technical requirements for landfill operation, which reduces possible adverse effects of


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landfills on the environment. On landfills where landfill gas occurs it is necessary to secure a gas

collection system, and that gas must be treated and used. If collected landfill gases cannot be used for

energy production, they should be burned in the area of the landfill and the emission of methane and

NMVOC into the atmosphere should be prevented.

MWM-4: Reducing the amount of disposed biodegradable municipal waste

The aim of this measure is to reduce the amount of biodegradable fraction of waste disposed at

landfills, which needs to be procesed by the process of composting and anaerobic decomposition of

waste in biogas plants.

Pursuant to the Sustainable Waste Management Act, quantitative targets related to the reduction of

biodegradable municipal waste disposed to landfills are established. By the end of 2020, the share of

biodegradable municipal waste disposed of in landfills must be reduced to 35% weight of

biodegradable municipal waste produced in 1997.

MWM-5: Use of biogas for electricity and heat generation

The measure is associated with measure MEN-18: Feed-in tariffs and premium system for the support

of the use of renewable energy sources in electricity generation and for the efficient cogeneration in

the Energy sector. The main mechanism for encouraging the application of biogas for electricity

generation and the construction of biogas cogeneration plants are incentive prices (feed-in tariffs) that

depend on the type of source, power plant size and amount of generated electricity. Looking at the

waste management sector, the potential reduction in greenhouse gas emissions of these measures is

the potential to reduce methane emissions (resulting from the anaerobic decomposition of the

biodegradable fraction of waste), which is used for electricity and heat generation.

Other (cross-cutting) policies and measures

MCC-1: Committee for cross-sectoral coordination of policies and measures for mitigation and

adaptation to climate change

In accordance with the Air Protection Act (OG 130/11, 47/14, 61/17, 118/18), by the Decision of the

Government of the Republic of Croatia 2014, the Commission for inter-sectoral coordination of

policies and measures for mitigation and adaptation to climate change (OG 114/14) was established.

The Committee was responsible for monitoring and evaluation of the implementation and planning

of PaM for mitigation and adaptation to climate changes in the Republic of Croatia. Representatives

of competent state administration bodies and other relevant institutions, agencies and non-

governmental organizations were appointed to the Committee. The Committee members, activities

and functioning of the Commission are determined by the Croatian Government on the proposal of

the ministry responsible for environmental protection. The Committee is consisted of the

Coordination group and the Technical working group.

MCC-2: System for the Measurement and Verification of Energy Savings

System for the Measurement and Verification of Energy Savings (SMIV) was established by the

Ordinance on the System for the Measurement and Verification of Energy Savings (OG 71/15). Since

the June of 2014, through the application of the SMIV system it is possible to monitor energy savings

(resulting from the incentive policy measures defined in the National Action Plan for Energy

Efficiency) and the reductions in emissions of GHG and pollutants are achieved.

Through the SMIV application it is possible to monitor the implementation of energy efficiency

measures in four sectors of direct consumption: Service sector (Public and Commercial), Industry,

Transport and Household. Web application uses „Bottom-up“ methodology which is part of the

Ordinance on the system for monitoring, measuring and verifying energy savings. It is important to

note that in cases when there are measurement results before and after the implementation of the


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measure, it is possible to enter this exact data through the graphical interface of the program.

Otherwise, when measurements before or after the implementation of measure are not available, the

reference values prescribed by Ordinance are used. SMIV is moderated by the National Energy

Efficiency Authority (NKT) and it is the important component of the future energy efficiency

obligation schemes in Croatia.

MCC-3: Promotion of the use of innovative information and communication technologies (ICT) to

reduce greenhouse gas emissions

Innovative information and communication technologies have an increasingly important role in

reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing energy efficiency. Intensifying their use in public

administration, services and manufacturing processes, will boost productivity and work efficiency

and at the same time will reduce energy consumption and consequent greenhouse gas emissions. The

measure is expected to intensify the use of innovative ICT and monitoring of actual energy savings

and reductions of greenhouse gas emissions.

MCC-4: European Emission Trading System

European Emission Trading System (EU ETS) includes all the activities listed in Annex I of the

Regulation on the method of trading with GHG emission units (OG 69/12, 154/14), and for the

reduction of GHG emissions, the plant operators involved in the trading system are responsible.

Through the equal allocation of emission allowances, reduction commitments are assigned to all

Member states with the aim of contributing to 21% emission reduction by 2020, compared to 2005

level. With this it can be concluded that the emission reduction from activities within the EU ETS is

regulated at EU level.

Since the January 1, 2013, the plant operators in the Republic of Croatia included in the EU ETS,

have obtained permits for GHG emissions and set up a system for monitoring emissions and reporting

to competent body. Greenhouse gases covered by EU ETS system are: carbon dioxide (CO2) for all

activities and additionally, for certain activities, nitrous oxide (N2O) and perfluorocarbons (PFC).

Monitoring and reporting on emissions is also an obligation of the aircraft operator, for the carbon

dioxide emissions.

For aircraft operators in the Republic of Croatia, monitoring of emissions and reporting on the

emissions form airplane formally started on July 1, 2013. However, due to certain specificities related

to the administration of air flights prior to Croatia's accession to the EU, aircraft operators were

required to submit annual emissions reports from airplanes, starting from 2010.

All operators except the electrical energy producers, for sale to the third parties, submitted their

requests for the allocation of free allowances. Free allowances are distributed free of charge to plants

exposed to the risk of carbon leakage to third countries, based on standards determined in accordance

with the reference value for 10% of the most efficient plants in the same sector. Operators, who will

not have enough allowances to cover their greenhouse gases, have the option of buying emission

allowances through auctions

MCC-5: Use of funds obtained from the sales of EU ETS emission allowances through auctions for

the GHG emission reduction measures

Of the total number of allowances designated for the allocation to operators and aircraft operators, in

each year of the trading period, a part is distributed free of charge according to the above prescribed

method. The remaining part is distributed to the Member States of the European Union and is subject

to public auctions.

The Air Protection Act (OG 130/11, 47/14, 61/17, 118/18) stipulates that Republic of Croatia for

climate related purposes uses 95% of the received funds which are paid into a special account in the


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Environmental Protection and Energy Fund, and 5% of the funds are paid into the state budget of the

Republic of Croatia. The funds that are paid into the special account should be used for:

- reduction of the GHG emissions,

- adaptation to climate changes,

- financing the measures for climate change mitigation and adaptation in third countries,

- financing of renewable energy sources in order to meet the share of renewable energy sources of

the Republic of Croatia in 2020,

- improvement of forest resources and reporting from the forestry sector,

- Encouraging the transition to low-emission traffic and public forms of traffic,

- financiranje istraživanja i razvoja namijenjenih ublažavanju klimatskih promjena i prilagodbe

klimatskim promjenama, uključujući područje aeronautike i zračnog prijevoza,

- ecologically safe capture and geological storage of carbon dioxide, especially from fossil fuel

power plants and certain industrial sectors and subsectors, including those in third countries,

- financing research and development in the field of energy efficiency and clean technologies,

- financing research and development in the area of reporting on GHG emissions,

- encouraging of energy efficiency measures in the sectors of construction (especially energy

recovery of buildings), industry, transport and services, and

- providing financial support for measures that contribute to the suppression of energy poverty.

Funds that are paid in the state budget should be used for covering the costs of Emission trading

system management, for administrative affairs, for the functioning of the Union Registry, for auction

managers, for the National monitoring system of GHG emissions and for other issues related to

climate changes.

Plan for the use of funds obtained from the sales of emission allowances through auctions in the

Republic of Croatia for the period from 2014 to 2016 was adopted by the Croatian Government (OG

140/14, 12/17). The total realized revenues for the period from 2014 to 2016 amount to HRK

733,984,921.23 and were used for renewable energy sources, energy efficiency, transport, waste

management and research, development and professional support.

Plan for the use of financial resources from auctions for the period up ti 2020 was accepted in

February 2018, and it is planned to revenue HRK 825.000.000,00. This funs will be spent on measures

for mitigation and adaptation to climate changes.

MCC-6: Preparation of National Feasibility Study with the action plan for the preparatory activities

for CCS projects in Croatia

Technology for carbon capture and storage for large emission sources is not yet commercially

available. The possibility of commercial application is expected in the period after 2020.

According to Directive 2009/31/EC on the geological storage of carbon dioxide, respectively Article

36 of Directive on industrial emissions 2010/75/EU, for power plants with capacity exceeding 300

MW which have obtained the construction permit after the entry into force of the Directive

2009/31/EK, it is necessary to assess whether the following requirements are satisfied:

- suitable storage locations are available,

- transport facilities are technically and economically feasible and

- upgrade of the plant for CO2 capture is technically and economically feasible

If these conditions are satisfied, the competent authority should provide adequate reserve area on the

plant's location for equipment for capturing and compressing extracted CO2.

Due to described commitments for new thermal power plants, with this measure the preparation of

National Feasibility Study with the action plan of the preparatory activities for CCS projects is

planned. This Study will include stages of capturing on the sources of emissions, transport, injection

and storage.


166

MCC-7: Energy efficiency obligation scheme

Based on the provisions of the Directive 2012/27/EU, Act on Energy Efficiency (OG 127/14), 3rd and

4th National Energy Efficiency Action Plan, Croatia plan to establish the energy efficiency obligation

scheme for the fuel suppliers. The obligated parties will have contribute to the energy savings in final

energy consumption.

MCC-8: Environmental permit

Regulation on Environmental permit (OG 8/14, 5/18) regulates activities that can cause emissions

that pollute soil, air, water and sea, requirements and the criteria for issuing of environmental permit,

the way of submitting data on monitoring of emissions into environmental components, conditions

when it is necessary to determine new or alter and support techniques if environmental protection

specified in the permit for the plant, exemptions from the application of reference documents for best

available techniques, the way of determining the emission limit values, the method of applying

equivalent parameters and other technical measures and exemptions from the application of

equivalent parameters and other technical measures, defining process monitoring and industrial

emissions according to the requirements of the best available techniques (BAT), the way of applying

the general binding rules for activities for which environmental permit is obtained, forms that are part

of the environmental perimt requirement, content of the Fundamental Report, list of pollutants,

criteria based on which the BAT is deterimined, the way of determining BAT, deadlines for the

application of BAT, and other related issues.

MCC-9: Tax on SO2 and NOx emissions for individual sources

Regulation on unit charges, corrective coefficients and closer criteria and criteria and standards for

determining the charge for environmental emission fee sulfur oxides expressed as sulfur dioxide and

nitrogen oxides expressed as nitrogen dioxide (OG 71/14, 115/15) prescribes the amount of allowance

fee, corrective coeficient and specific criteria and standards for determining the charge for the

emission of sulphur oxides expressed as SO2 and nitrogen oxides expressed as NO2 into the

environmet. Individual sources of SO2 emission into air are technological processes, industrial drives,

devices and objects from which SO2 is released into the air in an amount of more than 100 kg per

year by the end of 2014, and 3000 kg annualy as of 2015. Individual soruces of NO2 emission into

air are technological processes, industrial drives, devices and objects from which NO2 is released into

the air in an amount of more than 30 kg per year by the end of 2014, and as of 2015, 600 kg per year.

MCC-10: Determination and control of emission limit values of pollutants in air from stationary

sources

Determination and control of emission limit values of pollutants in air from stationary sources is

regulated with the Regulation on emission limit values of pollutants in air from stationary sources

(OG, 87/17) and with the Ordinance on monitoring of pollutant emissions into air from stationary

sources (OG 129/12, 97/13).

The Regulation on emission limit values of pollutants in air from stationary sources (OG, 87/17)

prescribes limit values of pollutant emissions into air from stationary sources, monitoring and

evaluation of emissions, data entry of stationary sources that use organic solvents or products

containing volatile organic compounds in the REGVOC register, the method of reduction of pollutant

emissions into air, method and timing of delivering the emission report to Croatian Agency for

Environment and Nature, the way of notifying the public, the way of delivering data to the relevant

EU bodies and the level of permissible exceedance of the limit values for existing sources for a given

period.

The Ordinance on monitoring of pollutant emissions into air from stationary sources (OG 129/12,

97/13) prescribes the method of monitoring of pollutant emissions into air from stationary sources,

range and type of measurement, reference measurement methods, the way of demonstrating

equivalence for other measurement methods, the method of checking the accuracy and calibration of


167

measuring instruments, method of checking the accuracy of the measuring system for continuous

measurement of pollutant emissions into air from stationary sources, procedure of sampling and

evaluation of measurement results, the way of delivering data on emissions for the purpose of the

information system on air protection and the regular way of informing the public about the monitoring

of emissions.


168

APPENDIX 2. INITIAL ASSUMPTIONS AND PARAMETERS FOR PROJECTIONS

Table P 2-1: Assumptions for projections – Energy and Transport

ENERGY and TRANSPORT

As described in the Chapter 3, projections of GHG emissions for this report are taken from the draft of the Low-Carbon

Development Strategy of Croatia until 2030 with a view to 2050. Below is a more detailed description of the

methodology used.

1. Final energy

demand Final energy demand is projected in different sectors - industry, transport, services, households

and agriculture, fisheries and forestry. The bases for projections of activities are macroeconomic

parameters and guidelines provided by the EC to Member States to harmonize the key

parameters. For modeling of direct energy consumption, detailed sectoral models with bottom

up approaches were used based on which it is possible to simulate the effects of energy

efficiency measures [15] [16] [17] and they have been calibrated with the consumption in 2014.

Results of energy consumption modeling were used as input data for analysis of energy

transformations. Additionally, modeling also involved the interdependence of demand on

energy production from variable renewable energy sources, this is primarily related to

simulations of advanced use of electrical vehicle batteries of optimizing of the power transport

system operation and to the use of electric boilers with heat tanks for optimizing the operation

of the power heating system.

The scenarios ‘with existing measures’ and 'with additional measures' modelled the impacts of

each measure.

The analyses were performed by sub-sectors:

– industry - by industry and type of fuel used,

– transport – by type of transport (road, air, marine and rail) and types of means of transport

(cars, buses, motorcycles, light and heavy vans) or purpose (passenger and cargo) and by

type of technology and fuel used

– services – by branches (tourism, trade, education, health), climatic zone (coastal or

continental Croatia), purpose (heating, water heating, cooking, cooling, electrical

appliances and lighting), type of fuel used, heating demand is modelled on the level of

useful and final energy

– households – by climatic zone (coastal or continental Croatia), purpose (heating, water

heating, cooking, cooling, electrical appliances and lighting) and by type of fuel, heating

demand is modelled on the level of useful and final energy

– agriculture, fisheries and forestry - by type of fuel

Demographic trends - assumes a scenario of average fertility and average migration, in

accordance with the guidelines of the EC.

‘With existing measures’ scenario

1.1.1. Energy

demand in

industry

Assumptions:

– development of industrial production will not be based on energy-intensive industries, as

market mechanisms will direct the balanced development to the less energy-intensive

industry where Croatia is not in need of resources,

– trends in gross value added in industry are based on harmonized parameters for projection

given by the EC [21],

– tržišna poboljšanja energetske učinkovitosti i zamjene goriva u industrijskom sektoru,

– Emissions in the industry sub-sector is growing along with economic growth, but growth is

moderate as in other sub-sectors considering a decreasing dependence of energy

consumption on GDP growth and assumption that there will be no construction of major

new energy-intensive industries.

1.1.2. Energy

demand in

transport

Assumptions:

– it is assumed that there will be an increase in number of cars from the 328 cars per 1000

citizens as in 2012 [ODYSSEE] to 520 in 2050,

– existing road infrastructure was mainly built,

– the transport of passengers will have fastest growth in air traffic,

– it is assumed that all emissions from the new vehicles will be in line with the Regulation

EU no. 333/2014 for the personal vehicles, i.e. average emissions of new vehicles will be

below 95 g CO2/km and Regulation EU no. 510/2011 to reduce the average emissions of

light duty vehicles below 174 g CO2/km after 2017 and below 147 gCO2/km after 2020,

– it is assumed that there will be stagnation in the use of rail and inland waterways transport,

– it is assumed that 6% of the vehicles will be electric vehicles in 2050 (based on the EU

Reference scenario 2016)


169


1.1.3. Energy

demand in

general

consumption

Assumptions:

Households and services:

– according to the existing data, in Croatia in 2012 was 142.2 million m2 of residential

buildings and houses (Long-term strategy for the promotion of the investments of

buildings, OG 74/14). It is assumed that the living area will grow slowly with the recovery

of economic activity, despite the fall of number of people, by 8,5% until 2030 and by

10,6% until 2050. Most of the new surfaces will refer to a block of flats in urban areas,

– renovation of 0,5% surface are of the buildings annually to the standard as listed in the

Technical regulation on rational use of energy and thermal protection in buildings (OG

128/15, 70/18,73/18),

– all new buildings built according to the same Regulation,

– reducing the share of electricity and liquid fuels for heating,

– consumption of electricity to power household appliances and devices for cooling (air

conditioning) will grow,

– specific energy consumption for cooking in households will stagnate.

Agriculture, forestry and fisheries:

– Reduction of energy intensity considering market development.

1.2. 'With additional measures' scenario

Continued support to energy efficiency after 2020, with the following key assumptions:

- renovation of 2% of the buildings annually to the nearly-zero energy standard (include the

use of renewable sources),

- support for the development of the share of electric vehicles to 25% of the personal vehicles

in 2050,

- intermodal shift with the goal to shift 7% of the transport of passengers and goods to rails

until 2030 and 20% until 2050,

- improvements of energy efficiency in industry together with fuel switch towards the use of

renewable energy and electricity.

2. Energy

transformations

and resources

The power system was analysed by the simulation of market development with the software for

the hourly optimization of operation and development of the power system. The price of the

emission allowances in the EU ETS was assumed as in the EU Reference scenario 2016.

The simulation of the operation of the refineries was done to satisfy the domestic demand as

possible with the existing capacities, which mean without building new refineries in ‘without

measures’ scenario, and reducing production in ‘with existing measures’ and ‘with additional

measures’ scenarios.

2.1. ‘With existing measures’ scenario

Assumptions:

- Until 2020, installed capacities of renewable energy sources power plants are as defined by

the National Action Plan for Renewable Energy Sources by 2020 and Tariff system for

renewable energy and efficient cogeneration ( OG 133/2013, 151/2013, 20/2014, 107/2014

i 100/2015) (note: Date of expiry: January 1m 2016, except for project holders who have

concluded an electricity purchase contract with the electricity market operator until the date

of enetring into force of the Law on Renewable Energy Sources and Highly Effective

Cogeneration (OG 100/15),

- for the post-2020 period the simulation of the market development with the software for the

hourly optimization of operation and development of the power system was done,

- The price of the emission allowances in the EU ETS was assumed as in the EU Reference

scenario 2016,

- The analysis showed that renewable energy sources will be competent to certain extent

without the need of the public support for the solar PV system and wind,

- no new coal power plants,

- all electricity needs will be met from domestic sources (except nuclear power plant Krško)

after 2030, which significantly increases the generation in Croatian power plants since

import amounted to 25 – 35%,

- plans of enterprises responsible for controlling of fugitive emissions for the

implementation of measures for reduction of fugitive emissions were taken into account.

2.2. 'With additional measures' scenario

Assumptions include continuous development of renewable energy policy even after 2020:

- the simulation of the market development with the software for the hourly optimization of

operation and development of the power system was done,


170


- The price of the emission allowances in the EU ETS was assumed as in the EU Reference

scenario 2016,

- Due to lower demand for energy compared to the ‘with existing measures’ due to the energy

efficiency improvements, the costs to achieve higher shares of renewable energy are lower,

- no new coal power plants,

- no net imports of electricity after 2030 (except nuclear power plant Krško).

Table P 2-2: Assumptions for projections – Industrial processes and use of solvents

INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES AND USE OF SOLVENTS

The projections were carried out based on the expected development of certain industries, which

includes the production goals by 2035.

Emission projections start from the situation and projections of macroeconomic parameters in

2015 (The 2015 Ageing Report) - the projected dynamics of the annual growth rate of gross

domestic product and gross value added and the decline of population, as well as the results of

sectoral analysis and studies (cement, lime, ammonia, sulphuric acid and nitric acid production).

Assumptions for 'with existing measures' scenario:

– no installation of additional capacity;

– production will reach the maximum value by 2035.

– Decline of population

– Gross domestic product is growing moderately

The Industrial Strategy of the Republic of Croatia 2014 – 2020 defines objectives of industrial

development and key indicators of the Croatian industry in the period 2014 – 2020. According to

the “realistic scenario”, by the year 2020 achieving the level of physical volume of industrial

production on the level of 2008 is expected, when it reached the highest level of economic activity

in Croatia.

Process emissions from economic activities, as defined by IPCC methodology, included in the

sector Industrial processes and product use were estimated on the basis of detailed sectoral

projections of production of cement, ammonia and nitric acid and the projected macroeconomic

indicators of gross value added by other industrial branches, annual increase rate in GDP and

decline of population. The scenario includes the implementation of measures defined in the

strategic and sectoral planning documents included in the business policy of cement and nitric

acid manufacturers, conditioned by market demands, laws and regulations and the requirements

of the application of best available techniques in the production process.

Assumptions for 'with additional measures' scenario:

– the application of cost- effective measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the

production of cement, glass and nitric acid and the reduction of emissions of volatile organic

compounds, controlled substances and fluorinated greenhouse gases.

According to good practice, the projections were made for activity data and emission factors:

– activity data – applying grade of 1, 2 and 3 methods (projections of macroeconomic

parameters, effects of policies and measures, sectoral analysis and studies);

– emission factors – applying grade of 1 and 2 methods (projections based on average

values for the previous five-year period, effects of policies and measures, sectoral analysis

and studies).

Table P 2-3: Assumptions for projections - agriculture

AGRICULTURE

The projections were carried out based on the expected future state of key parameters. In order to

determine the key parameters for projections (number and types of livestock, crop production), the

extrapolation of historical input data was used and expert assessment that includes historical data

and sectoral strategic and development documents.

Assumptions are that the agricultural production will increase (inception of livestock fund

revitalisation in the period from 2015 to 2020. Years with continued population growth until 2035,

and crop production based on the indicative trend in the period from 2000 to 2009), and sustainable

consumption of mineral fertilizers (on the level of medium values of the 2007-2014 period).

Policies and measures included in development of 'with existing measures' scenario implies:


171

– implementation of the Rural Development Programme for the period 2014-2020, including

changes in the cattle management systems (manure removal system and genetic improvements)

and in the animal nutrition (processing of the feed to increase digestibility, improving the

quality of voluminuos feed and improvement of grazing systems, and use of aditives in animal

feed).

'With additional measures' scenario implies the application of the following measures:

– additional improvements in feed quality and in cattle and pigs nutrition,

– changes in manure management system, including anaerobic digestion and biogas production,

– improvement of methods for the application of mineral fertilizers,

– Hydrotechnical procedures,

– introduction of new cultivars, varieties and species.

Table P 2-4: Assumptions for projections – waste management

WASTE MANAGEMENT

The projections were carried out on the basis of expected development and future state of parameters for making

of projections:

- Solid waste disposal - amount of produced and disposed solid waste, and the share of landfilled biodegradable

organic waste;

- Composting - the amount of waste processed by composting;

- Waste incineration – amount of incinerated hospital waste and the number of cremated human bodies;

- Wastewater treatment and discharge – amount of processed wastewaters from households and industry,

industrial production, the number of inhabitants that uses the individual wastewater drainage system (cesspits),

number of inhabitants in households without sanitary nodes.

Emission projections start from the situation and projections of macroeconomic parameters in 2015 (The 2015

Ageing Report) - the projected dynamics of the annual growth rate of gross domestic product and gross value added

and the decline of population, which includes the goals by 2050.

Assumptions for 'with existing measures' scenario:

Includes projections of greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions from solid waste disposal, biological treatment

(composting) of solid waste, incineration of waste and wastewater treatment and discharge;

– Solid waste disposal – a continuous increase in the volume of produced and disposed solid waste is assumed for

the period up to 2050 as a result of higher living standards, despite the effects of measures undertaken to

avoid/reduce and recycle waste. The objectives are defined by sectoral strategic documents – Sustainable Waste

Management Act and Waste Management Plan of the Republic of Croatia for the period 2017-2022;

– Composting – a continuous increase in the amount of solid waste that is being processed by composting is

assumed;

– Waste incineration – a continuous increase in the amount of the incinerated hospital waste is assumed, as the

decrease of the number of cremated human bodies;

– Wastewater treatment and discharge – a continuous increase in the amount of processed wastewaters from

industry and decrease in the amounts of porcessed wastewaters from households is assumed. It is also assumed

a decrease in the number of inhabitants with individual wastewater drainage system (cesspits) and the number

of inhabitants in households without the sanitary nodes.

– Other wastes – a mild continuous increase in the number of fires is assumed for almost all categories.

GHG and pollutant emissions that are included in Waste management sector (according to IPCC and EMEP/EEA

methodology), are estimated on the basis of sectoral analyzes and projected macroeconomic indicators on the

annual growht rate of GDP and the reduction of the population. Scenario encompasses the implementation of

measures and planned sectoral documents.

Assumptions for 'with additional measures' scenarios (WAM):

Includes projections of GHG and pollutant emissions from solid waste disposal and composting of solid waste.

– Solid waste disposal – it is assumed that the amount of produced and disposed solid waste will be reduced due

to application of measures defined by strategic documents harmonized with EU legislation. Quantitative goals

for the quantity and composition of solid waste and other parameters in the models for assesment of emissions

from solid waste disposal that are not defined in strategic documents are estimated by an expert assesment.

– Composting – a continuous increase in the quantity of solid waste that is being processed by composting, due

to the application of measures defined by strategic documnets harmonized with EU legislation (depends on

reducing the amount of disposed biodegradable waste).

According to good practice projections were made for activity data, emission factors and parameters included in

the models for estimating GHG and pollutant emissions:


172

WASTE MANAGEMENT

– grade of 1, 2 and 3 methods (projections of macroeconomic parameters, effects of policies and measures,

sectoral analysis and studies, expert judgement) were used.

Table P 2-5: Parameters on projections – general economic parameters

Parameter 2014 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035

GDP – annual growth rate % -0.4 1.6 1.8 1.2 1.3 1.9

Population Million

people 4.238 4.229 4.194 4.140 4.081 4.018

Coal prices Euro/GJ 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.6 3.2 3.4

Oil prices (1% S) Euro/GJ 8.1 7.8 11.6 13.2 14.5 15.1

Gas prices Euro/GJ 6.5 6.7 7.5 8.1 8.8 9.4

Source: [18], [19], [20]

Table P 2-6: Parameters on projections – energy sector: total fuel consumption, total electricity generation,

‘with existing measures’ scenario

Parameter 2014 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035

Total fuel consumption

Coal and coke PJ 31.6 31.7 24.3 23.1 22.0 16.5

Liquid petroleum fuels PJ 125.8 130.7 125.9 122.3 118.5 116.2

Gas PJ 84.6 91.8 104.7 109.2 118.7 119.7

Renewables PJ 146.0 137.8 171.2 198.1 218.9 239.4

Total electricity generation

Coal TWh 2.0 2.2 1.5 1.4 1.3 0.7

Liquid petroleum fuels TWh IE IE IE IE IE IE

Gas TWh 1.5 1.8 2.4 2.6 1.6 3.4

Renewables TWh 10.1 7.2 9.5 12.2 14.3 16.4

Electricity imports TWh 4.0 6.8 6.4 4.6 2.9 2.6

Source: [21]

Table P 2-7: Parameters on projections – energy sector: final energy consumption

Parameter 2014 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035

Final energy consumption

Industry PJ 40.6 10.9 44.9 46.4 48.0 50.4

Transport PJ 84.5 84.5 87.3 89.8 92.9 93.3

Households PJ 92.0 112.5 11.9 112.0 111.9 111.6

Agriculture, forestry and fisheries PJ 9.7 9.4 9.5 9.2 8.9 8.7

Services PJ 29.5 31.3 33.1 35.1 37.0 38.9

Other PJ 4.2 4.2 4.7 4.7 4.8 5.0

Source: [21]

Table P 2-8: : Parameters on projections – weather parameters

Parameter

Heating degree days: 2.228


173

Cooling degree days: NE

Source: [22]

Table P 2-9: Parameters on projections – industry

Parameter 1990 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035

Production index for industry:*

Cement industry % 2.643 kt 5 -4 33 36 40 41

Glass industry 275 kt -16 2 14 21 29 41

Nitric acid industry % 332 kt 1 -13 -13 -13 -10 -10

CO2 emissions **

Solvent use % 93,99 kt

CO2e 49 62 58 56 54 50

HFC emissions ***

Consumption of HFCs in refrigeration

and air conditioning equipment

(1995)

29,32 kt

CO2e

1292 1431 1582 1658 1743 1885

*, **,*** the percentage change in relation to 1990

Source: Manufacturers of cement, glass and nitric acid, [23], [19], [8]

Table P 2-10: Parameters on projections – transport

Parameter 2014 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035

Number of passenger

kilometres, all modes 109 pkm 40.56 40.98 43.09 45.32 47.58 49.05

Transport of goods 109 tkm 11.59 11.64 11.90 12.16 12.42 12.69

Energy consumption in road

transport PJ 74.17 75.59 76.84 78.73 80.61 80.45

Source: [22], [21]

Table P 2-11: Parameters on projections – agriculture

Parameter 2014 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035

Dairy cattle 1000 heads 179 165 168 175 185 185

Non-dairy cattle 1000 heads 264 240 270 285 340 340

Sheep 1000 heads 605 590 620 650 700 700

Goats 1000 heads 65 65 68 70 75 75

Horses 1000 heads 20 20 22 23 25 25

Mules/asses 1000 heads 4 2.0 2.2 2.5 3.5 3.5

Swine 1000 heads 551 480 504 528 672 672

Poultry 1000 heads 5327 6048 6231 6414 6719 6719

Wheat t 648,917 758,638 879,847 1,002,001 1,178,645 1,178,645

Maize t 2,046,966 1,709,152 2,187,640 2,205,554 2,256,114 2,256,114

Potatoes t 160,847 171,179 203,239 160,630 104,879 104,879

Sugar beets t 1,392,000 756,509 1,428,948 1,408,317 1,497,069 1,497,069

Tobacco t 9,164 10,132 11,766 12,041 13,712 13,712

Sunflowers t 99,489 94,075 92,333 109,745 129,556 129,556

Rape seed t 71,228 56,783 70,866 70,933 99,821 99,821

Tomatoes t 19,374 36,273 44,884 41,278 53,804 53,804

Barley t 175,592 193,451 228,296 243,098 278,746 278,746


174

Parameter 2014 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035

Oats t 56,555 71,743 61,295 76,089 82,453 82,453

Cabbages and

other brassicas t 24,703 38,413 61,109 57,412 63,099 63,099

Garlic t 4,272 4,634 4,912 4,534 5,757 5,757

Onions t 24,160 26,204 33,438 33,475 44,763 44,763

Rye t 2,800 3,356 0 0 0 0

Sorghum t 1,205 1,205 1,554 1,891 2,761 2,761

Watermelons t 25,598 15,771 32,599 31,346 35,274 35,274

Soybeans t 131,424 196,431 153,926 174,867 190,140 190,140

Beans, dry t 1,329 1,156 0 0 0 0

Cow peas, dry t 1,413 1,346 2,210 3,050 4,708 4,708

Lentils t 83 83 13 0 0 0

Peas, dry t 579 194 356 98 0 0

Vetches t 1,500 1,500 1,923 1,585 1,462 1,462

Clover t 70,873 82,992 147,241 143,473 157,171 157,171

Alfalfa t 128,702 112,876 226,824 247,731 317,840 317,840

Applied

nitrogen kg

80,707,11

2

99,000,00

0

99,000,00

0

99,000,00

0

99,000,00

0

99,000,00

0

Source: [18], [19], [24], [23]

Table P 2-12: Parameters on projections – waste management

Parameter 2014 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035

'WITH EXISTING MEASURES' SCENARIO (WM)

Solid waste disposal on the ground

Quantity of solid waste

produced

t/per

cap. 0.386 0.393 0.436 0.463 0.494 0.542


disposed kt 1349 1361 1463 1533 1612 1743

Share of biodegradable

organic waste % 68 65 65 65 65 65

Solid waste composting

Quantity of composted

solid waste kt 29 62 83 87 91 99

Waste incineration

Quantity of incineraded

hospital waste t 51 52 54 56 59 64

Nubmer of cremated

human bodies 4803 5373 5094 5028 4957 4880

Wastewater treatment and discharge

Quantity of processed

wastewaters from

households and services

106 m3 268 257 266 263 259 255

Quantity of processed

wastewaters from

industry

106 m3 13 13 13 13 14 15

Industrial production

(food and drink,

paper, chemicals)

kt 6586 6692 8236 8743 9326 10246

Number of inhabitants

with individual drainage

system (cesspits)

103 st. 2254 2232 2231 2203 2172 2138


175

Parameter 2014 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035

Number of inhabitants in

households without

sanitary nodes

103 st. 380 378 367 356 344 333

Protein consumption t/st. 0.031 0.032 0.034 0.035 0.037 0.040

Other wastes

Number of fires on road

vehicles 314 433 335 350 364 377

Number of fires in

detached households 767 845 767 767 767 767

Number of fires on built-

in and semi built-in

houses

89 98 100 104 111 119

Number of fires on

buildings 19 21 21 22 24 26

Number of fires on

industrial objects 626 690 702 731 780 841

‘WITH ADDITIONAL MEASURES’ SCENARIO (WAM)

Solid waste disposal on the ground


produced

t/per

cap. 0.386 0.393 0.380 0.371 0.363 0.356


disposed kt 1349 1361 797 298 148 107

Share of biodegradable

organic waste % 65 65 24 18 12 9

Solid waste composting

Quantity of composted

solid waste kt 29 62 277 537 753 975

Sources:

National Inventory Report 2018, Croatian greenhouse gas inventory for the period 1990-2016 (NIR 2018), Croatian

Agency for Environment and Nature, 2018

Republic of Croatia 2019 Informative inventory report (1990 - 2016), Croatian Agency for Environment and Nature,

2018

Report on projections of greenhouse gas emissions, Republic of Croatia, Croatian Agency for Environment and

Nature, 2017

Report on implementation of policies and measures that reduce greenhouse gas emissions by sources or enhance

removals by sinks, Republic of Croatia, Croatian Agency for Environment and Nature, 2017

Waste Management Strategy of the Republic of Croatian (OG 130/05)

Sustainable Waste Management Act (OG 94/13, 73/17)

Waste Management Plan of the Republic of Croatia for the period 2017 – 2022 (OG 3/17)

Recommended parameters for reporting on GHG projections in 2015, Final after consultation, June 17,2014, EK

air pollution control programme for the 2020 to …...air pollution control programme mzoe 9....

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