air pollution as a feedback control loop
DESCRIPTION
Air Pollution as a Feedback Control Loop. Andrew McCarthy. Introduction. Air Pollution Feedback Control Purpose and Components of Feedback Examples of Feedback Components of Air Pollution Feedback Control. Air Pollution Feedback Control. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Air Pollution as a Feedback Control Loop](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815015550346895dbdfc1f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Air Pollution as a Feedback Control Loop
Andrew McCarthy
![Page 2: Air Pollution as a Feedback Control Loop](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815015550346895dbdfc1f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
IntroductionAir Pollution Feedback ControlPurpose and Components of FeedbackExamples of FeedbackComponents of Air Pollution Feedback
Control
![Page 3: Air Pollution as a Feedback Control Loop](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815015550346895dbdfc1f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Air Pollution Feedback Control
Air pollution is monitored and managed by a feedback control system
![Page 4: Air Pollution as a Feedback Control Loop](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815015550346895dbdfc1f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Air Pollution Feedback Control
Economic growth has benefits, but with those benefits come risks, such as those caused by air pollution. As a result, the growth must be controlled.
![Page 5: Air Pollution as a Feedback Control Loop](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815015550346895dbdfc1f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Purpose of Feedback
The primary reason for feedback control is to measure and compensate for the effect of disturbances.
![Page 6: Air Pollution as a Feedback Control Loop](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815015550346895dbdfc1f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
4 Elements of Feedback
SensorReference Input ComparatorControl Mechanism
www.oz.net/~coilgun/levitation/feedbackloop.htm
![Page 7: Air Pollution as a Feedback Control Loop](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815015550346895dbdfc1f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Sensor
The sensor measures the variable that we seek to control, also known as the control variable.
![Page 8: Air Pollution as a Feedback Control Loop](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815015550346895dbdfc1f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Reference Input
This specifies the value the controlled variable should have.
![Page 9: Air Pollution as a Feedback Control Loop](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815015550346895dbdfc1f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Comparator
Compares the sensed value with the reference value. It also specifies the direction in which the correction needs to be made.
![Page 10: Air Pollution as a Feedback Control Loop](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815015550346895dbdfc1f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Control Mechanism
Takes the output of the comparator and corrects the sensed value in the direction of the reference input.
![Page 11: Air Pollution as a Feedback Control Loop](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815015550346895dbdfc1f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Practical Examples
Temperature Control-No 2nd Loop
Thermostat sensor, user inputs, thermostat compares, furnace and AC control
![Page 12: Air Pollution as a Feedback Control Loop](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815015550346895dbdfc1f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Practical ExamplesPitch Control of an Airplane
Pitch sensor, pilot inputs, computer compares, elevator controls
http://www.engin.umich.edu/group/ctm/examples/examples.html
![Page 13: Air Pollution as a Feedback Control Loop](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815015550346895dbdfc1f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Air Pollution Context It is possible, in the context of economic
growth, to have two loops, one which works to reinforce growth, and the other which mitigates against further growth.
![Page 14: Air Pollution as a Feedback Control Loop](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815015550346895dbdfc1f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Air Pollution Context
The second loop is not an intrinsic property of feedback control. It is possible for feedback control to contain only one loop.
![Page 15: Air Pollution as a Feedback Control Loop](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815015550346895dbdfc1f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
How is pollution sensed?Monitoring agencies use EPA approved
equipment. PM and lead are measured over a 24 hour period, whereas gaseous pollutants are measured hourly. Collected data is then compared to the Clean Air Act standards (NAAQS) for each pollutant.
http://www.epa.gov/region08/air/monitoring/monitoring.html
![Page 16: Air Pollution as a Feedback Control Loop](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815015550346895dbdfc1f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Pollution Reference Value
The EPA creates Clean Air Act standards (NAAQS) for each pollutant.
http://www.epa.gov/region08/air/monitoring/monitoring.html
![Page 17: Air Pollution as a Feedback Control Loop](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815015550346895dbdfc1f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Pollution Reference Value
NAAQS:
Carbon Monoxide (9 ppm, 8 hour)
PM10 (150ug/cubic meter, 24 hour)
PM2.5 (65ug/cubic meter, 24 hour)
Ozone (.08 ppm, 8 hour)
Sulfur Oxides (.14 ppm, 24 hour)
http://www.epa.gov/air/criteria.html
![Page 18: Air Pollution as a Feedback Control Loop](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815015550346895dbdfc1f/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Air Pollution Comparator
The EPA compares the data collected by monitoring sites to the Clean Air Act Standard.
http://www.epa.gov/region08/air/monitoring/monitoring.html
![Page 19: Air Pollution as a Feedback Control Loop](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815015550346895dbdfc1f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Air Pollution Control Mechanism
If pollution levels are above the NAAQS and present a risk, the monitoring agency in the state must develop and implement a plan to reduce the air pollution.
http://www.epa.gov/region08/air/monitoring/monitoring.html
![Page 20: Air Pollution as a Feedback Control Loop](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815015550346895dbdfc1f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
ConclusionAir Pollution Feedback ControlPurpose and Components of FeedbackExamples of FeedbackComponents of Air Pollution Feedback
Control
![Page 21: Air Pollution as a Feedback Control Loop](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815015550346895dbdfc1f/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Referenceshttp://www.oz.net/~coilgun/levitation/feedbackloop.htm
http://www.acfr.usyd.edu.au/teaching/3rd-year/mech3800-SystemsControl/material/lectures/block%20diagrams.pdf
http://www.engin.umich.edu/group/ctm/examples/examples.html
http://www.epa.gov/region08/air/monitoring/monitoring.html
http://www.epa.gov/air/criteria.html