Why talk about HIV and AIDS?

Ahmed Afzal Education Sector Response

UNESCO Office, Jakarta

UI Campus, Depok, Jakarta Indonesia

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Session Outline

• 1. Why talk about HIV and AIDS?

• 2. Misconceptions

• 3. Relevance to University Students

• 4. UNESCO in the UN Response

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1. Why talk about HIV and AIDS?

Which one do YOU Trust?

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Conflicting Messages…?

1. Why talk about HIV and AIDS?

Country Impact:

Indonesia

30% of RI Population are Remaja *2010 Census

Magnitude of AIDS among Young

People. Confirmed AIDS Cases:

Time of the infection 5- 10 years prior

to symptoms or diagnosis (~15-24 yrs old!)

Increasing Sexual Transmission: 58% of HIV

infections related to heterosexual behaviour

(MOH, Quarterly report July 2011) 4

1. Why talk about HIV and AIDS?

Global Impact, Vision & Status

Global Impact: • ~30 million dead • ~34 million living with HIV (end 2010) • ~31 years life expectancy in Swaziland

Current Status:

• New infections drop 21% since 1997

• ART as Prevention/Circumcision

• 6.6 Million Receiving ART (50%)Low-Dev

New Vision:

• Zero new HIV infections

• Zero discrimination

• Zero AIDS-related deaths *UNAIDS, http://www.unaids.org/en/ World AIDS Day Report 2011

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1. Why talk about HIV and AIDS?

Regional Impact

Estimated People living with HIV by end of 2010 - Asia and the Pacific: 4.9 Million*

AP –majority living with HIV in 11 countries: Cambodia, China, India,

Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Thailand and Viet Nam. *HIV Asia and the Pacific: Getting to Zero 2011 Report *UNAIDS http://www.unaids.org/en/regionscountries/regions/asiaandpacific/

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India

1. Why talk about HIV and AIDS?

Country Impact

-6 Million People at High Risk of Infection *HIV Asia and the Pacific: Getting to Zero 2011 Report

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1. Why talk about HIV and AIDS?

Routes & Rates of

Transmission - Indonesia

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Surveillance reports, National AIDS Programme, MoH Indonesia 2009

1. Why talk about HIV and AIDS?

Male YKAP – (Young Key

Affected Populations) - IDU

(Injecting Drug Users), MSM,

MSW

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Male YKAP at higher risks due to:

•often drop out school (or are expelled from)

•often unskilled and experience economic instability

•may turn to crime and/or selling sex to obtain money

for drugs

•in exploitative situations

•may also lose contact with their families

•financial challenges seeking health care

•may take higher risks compared to older KAP

•may be a higher risk in juvenile detention centers

•UNAIDS and UNDCP (1999). Drug Abuse - HIV/AIDS: A devastating combination.

UNAIDS, Geneva.

•UNODC and the Global Youth Network (2004) HIV prevention among young injecting drug

users. UNODC, Vienna. http://www.unodc.org/pdf/youthnet/handbook_hiv_english.pdf

•Study among young people in Melbourne attending dance venues, 2009

Illicit drug users 2.3 times more likely to have unsafe sex*

1. Why talk about HIV and AIDS?

Gender…is it an

issue?

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Females at increasingly higher risk:

-Biological

-Social

-Financial

-Moral

-Access

-Stigma

-FSW – Condom Use?

-Early Marriage

-Trafficking

-Education Access

-Wife

-GBV (Gender Based Violence)

• South Africa Study – 1 out of 7 young women

acquiring HIV linked to intimate partner violence

•Jewkes RK et al. Intimate partner violence, power inequity, and incidence

of HIV infection in young women in South Africa: a cohort study. The

Lancet, 2010, 376:41–48.

Globally, 50%

of all People

Living with HIV

are Women

Indonesia 28% -

and increasing…

1. Why talk about HIV and AIDS?

Country Impact:

Indicators &Targets

% of young women and men aged 15-24

who both correctly identify ways of

preventing sexual transmissions of HIV

and who reject major misconceptions about

HIV transmission (UNGASS #13 and

MDG #6.3 by 2015)

National Targets:

-95% by 2014 RPJMN and 2015 MDG *UNGASS Country Report

** MoH DRAFT IBBS 2011 Launching WAD 11

1. Why talk about HIV and AIDS?

Country Impact:

International Comparison

International comparison of Young people’s knowledge of HIV:

*UNAIDS 2010 GLOBAL REPORT Chapter 3: HIV Prevention p.69

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WOW!

1. Why talk about HIV and AIDS?

Hope?

-ART as Prevention

-Condom Use -Circumcision -One Partner

-Routine Tests -Social Behavior Change

Behavior Change Global Drop in new

HIV infections (especially among young

people).

13 *UNAIDS, http://www.unaids.org/en/ World AIDS Day Report 2011

1. Why talk about HIV and AIDS?

General Young

Population and YKAP (Young

Key Affected Population)

*2011 KPAN/UNICEF YKAP Age Group Disaggregation of Survey & Research

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Population Aged 15-24

*YKAP 15-24

•34% Young Sex Workers

•38% Young People Who

Inject Drugs

•29% Waria-Transgender

•32% MSM

•PLHIV -- ?

•People Affected by HIV

and AIDS -- ?

General Young 15-24

Younger, aged

10-14

15-19 20-24

*1 of 3 people engaged in high

risk behaviors are young people

2. Misconceptions?

Where do they come from?

Which one to

trust?

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2. Misconceptions

Leading to Stigma and

Discrimination

• Misunderstandings Prejudices Stigma Discrimination

• Accessible and accurate

education essential in reducing risk behavior and HIV infections

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2. Misconceptions?

Fear?

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2. Misconceptions?

Parental Opposition?

Really?

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*ActionAid. 2003. The Sound of Silence. Difficulties communicating on HIV/AIDS at schools.

2. Misconceptions?

Negative Campaign?

Myths?

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2. Misconceptions?

Can HIV Spread Through Tears,

Sweat, Mosquitoes, Swimming?

Kissing, hugging, shaking hands,

sitting on toilet seats, sharing

utensils, touching dried blood: All

are thought by many to be risks for

HIV, but they are not.

http://www.thebody.com/

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2. Misconceptions?

Myths

1)HIV & AIDS is a death sentence

2)There is a Cure for HIV. Magic Johnson?

3)Alternative treatments or cure to HIV?

•Ozone, Coconut Milk, Vitamin C, Yoga

4)Can't have a baby if you're HIV+ ….

5) Infected toothpicks on restaurants tables

6) Infected needles on theater seats

7) Gecko (Tokek) saliva can cure aids

8) Menthol cigarettes kill sperm – Singapore

9) Stand upside-down after sex…

10) Rinsing private parts with Coca-Cola

11) Child brides can prevent HIV…

http://www.thebody.com/ and local media

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3. Relevance to University Students

Gross Enrollment

Rate (GER) of Higher Education

in Indonesia

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Components Year

2005 2010 *)

Age 19 - 23 21.190.000 19.844.485

Students 3.868.358 5.226.450

Public 805.479 1.030.403

Private 2.243.760 2.886.641

Special 48.493 92.971

Religious based

508.545 571.336

Open University

262.081 645.099

GER(%) 18,26% 26,34%

*) Population Census, 2010 (Source: Slide Page DIKTI, MoNE July 2011)

Where are the rest of the youth?

What access to they have to education and services?

Summary of current program

since July 2011…

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•5 Orientation Sessions in 5 Univ. >9,112 Students

•4 Modules for University Orientation Session (MoNE)

•Vice-Rector’s Meeting conducted at (DIKTI/MoNE)

•Social Media (twitter) - youth in formal & non-formal

•T-Shirt Design Competition (AIESEC) >1,500 Shirts

•FGD (Focus Group Discussions) 5 Provinces (ARI)

•Regional Social Media Workshop on HIV

•10 Question-Quiz www.10teenquiz.com >3,000 Hits

•HIV e-Learning Distance Course >1,700 Registered

http://portal.unesco.org/geography/en/ev.php-URL_ID=15170&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html

You CAN Do it!

For further Information

on UNESCO’s response to HIV and AIDS, please visit:

www.unesco.org/aids or

www.unesco.org/jakarta 31

You can become Agents of Social Change! Like ARI..