AW109

Two civilian AW109 helicopters at Rand Airport AirShow 2011

Role SAR/utility helicopterManufacturer Agusta

AgustaWestlandFirst flight 4 August 1971Introduction 1976Status Active service/In productionPrimary users Italian Army

Belgium Air ForceREGA (Swiss Air Rescue)Royal New Zealand Air Force

Produced 1971-presentUnit cost US$ 6.3 millionVariants AgustaWestland AW109S GrandDeveloped into AgustaWestland AW119

AgustaWestland AW109From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The AgustaWestland AW109 is a lightweight, twin-engine,eight-seat multi-purpose helicopter built by the Anglo-Italian manufacturer AgustaWestland. The rotorcraft had thedestinction of being the first all-Italian helicopter to be mass-produced.[1]

Developed as the A109 by Agusta, it originally enteredservice in 1976 and has since been used in various roles,including light transport, medevac, search-and-rescue, andmilitary roles. The AW109 has been in continuousproduction for 40 years. The AgustaWestland AW119 is aderivative of the AW109, the main difference being that it ispowered only by a single engine instead.

Contents1 Development

1.1 Origins

1.2 Further development

2 Design

3 Operational History

4 Variants5 Operators

5.1 Military and government operators

5.2 Former military operators

6 Accidents

7 Displayed

8 Specifications (AW109 Power with PW206C)

9 See also10 References

10.1 Citations

Agusta A109 K2 of the Rega overMount Pilatus

A Belgian AW109 Power performinga display flight, 2013

10.2 Bibliography

11 External links

DevelopmentOriginsIn the late 1960s, Agusta designed the A109 originally as a single-enginecommercial helicopter.[2] However, it was soon realised that a twin-engine design was needed and it was re-designed in 1969 with twoAllison 250-C14 turboshaft engines. A projected military version (theA109B) was considered early on but Agusta initially chose not to pursueimmediate development, instead concentrating on the eight-seat A109Cversion.[3] The first of three prototypes made its maiden flight on 4August 1971.[4] The A109's flight testing phase was prolonged, this wasdue in part to the discovery of dynamic instability which took a year toresolve via a modified transmission design;[5] this led to the firstproduction aircraft being completed almost four years later in April 1975. On 1 June 1975, certification forvisual flight rules (VFR) upon the A109 was received from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA).[2]

In 1976, deliveries of production A109 to customers began. Advantages over the then-market leading Bell 206were the A109's superior speed, twin-engine redundancy, and greater seating capacity.[2] In 1975, Agustareturned again to the possibility of a military version, thus a series of trials were carried out between 1976 and1977 using a total of five A109As outfitted with Hughes Aircraft-built TOW missiles. Two military versionsemerged from this program, one was intended for light attack/close support missions and the other for shipboardoperations.[6]

Further developmentImproved civil versions quickly followed on from the initial productionmodel; in 1981, a A109A Mk2 with a widened cabin was made availableto operators.[7] In 1993, the A109 K2 was introduced using a newpowerplant, a pair of Turbomeca Arriel 1K1 engines; this was followedby the A109 Power, broadly similar to the K2 except for the use of Pratt& Whitney Canada PW206 engines instead, in 1996.[2] According toAgustaWestland, the A109 Power was in service in 46 countries by2008. In 2006, an enlarged variant, the A109S Grand, was introduced.[2]

The Agusta A109 was renamed the AW109 following the July 2000merger of Finmeccanica S.p.A. and GKN plc's respective helicoptersubsidiaries Agusta and Westland Helicopters to form AgustaWestland. Since the mid-1990s, fuselages for the

An AW109 in flight, 2013

AW109 have been manufactured by PZL-widnik, which became a subsidiary company of AgustaWestland in2010. In June 2006, the 500th fuselage was delivered by PZL-widnik, marking 10 years of co-operation on theAW109 between the two companies.[8] In 2004, AgustaWestland formed a joint venture with Changhe AircraftIndustries Corporation for the support and production of the AW109; by 2009, the joint venture was capable toperform final assembly of the AW109, as well as manufacture major sections such as the fuselage.[9]

In February 2014, AgustaWestland revealed that it was developing the AW109 Trekker, an updated variant ofthe AW109. It is equipped with skid landing gear (the first helicopter by AgustaWestland to have this feature)and is powered by a pair of FADEC-equipped Pratt & Whitney Canada PW207C engines; its avionics aresupplied by Genesys Aerospace, which have been designed for single-pilot operations.[10] The Trekkerreportedly advances upon the standard AW109's utility capabilities.[11] As per prior AW109 versions, the finalassembly of the Trekker is undertaken at sites in both the US and Italy.[2][12]

DesignThe AW109 is a lightweight twin-engine helicopter, known for its speed,elegant appearance and ease of control.[2][13][14] Since enteringcommercial service, several revisions and iterations have been made,frequently introducing new avionics and engine technologies.AgustaWestland have promoted the type for its multirole capabilities andserviceability. The type has proven highly popular with VIP/corporatecustomers; according to AgustaWestland, 50% of all of the AW109Power variant had been sold in such configurations. Other roles for theAW109 have included emergency medical services, law enforcement, homeland security missions, harbor pilotshuttle duty, search and rescue, maritime operations, and military uses.[2] In 2008, AgustaWestland claimed theAW109 to be "one of the industrys best-selling helicopters".[2]

A range of turboshaft powerplants have been used to power the numerous variants of the AW109, from theoriginal Allison 250-C14 engines to the Turbomeca Arriel 1K1 and Pratt & Whitney Canada PW206 of moremodern aircraft.[2] Powerplants can be replaced or swapped for during airframe overhauls, resulting inincreasing lifting capacity and other performance changes. In the case of single-engine failure, the AW109 isintended to be have a generous power reserve even on a single engine.[7] The engines drive a fully articulatedfour-blade rotor system.[15] Over time, more advanced rotor blade designs have been progressively adopted forthe AW109's main and tail rotors, such as composite materials being used to replace bonded metal,[16] theseimprovements have typically been made with the aim of reducing operating costs and noise signature.According to Rotor&Wing, the type is well regarded for its "high, hot, and heavy" performance.[2]

According to AgustaWestland, the AW109 Power features various advanced avionics systems, these include athree-axis autopilot, an auto-coupled Instrument Landing System, integrated GPS, a Moving Map Display,weather radar, and a Traffic Alerting System.[17] These systems are designed to reduce pilot workload (theAW109 can be flown under single or dual-pilot instrument flight rules (IFR)) and enable the use of night visiongoggles (NVG) to conduct day-or-night operations.[18] The AW109 has a forced trim system which can bereadily and selectively activated by the controlling pilot using triggers located on the cyclic and collective

Head-on view of a low-flying AW109,2008

which hold the control inputs at the last set position if activated.[2][15] All critical systems are deliberatelyredundant for fail-safe operations; the hydraulic system, hydraulic actuators, and electrical system are all duel-redundant, while the power inverters are triple-redundant.[7] The AW109 also has reduced maintenancerequirements due to an emphasis on reliability across the range of components used.[18]

Some models of the AW109 feature the "quick convertible interior", acabin configuration designed to be flexibly re-configured to allow therotorcraft to be quickly adapted for different roles, such as theinstallation or removal of mission consoles or medical stretchers.Mission-specific equipment can also be installed in the externallyaccessible separate baggage compartment, which can be optionallyexpanded. Optional cabin equipment includes soundproofing, airconditioning, and bleed air heating.[18] Aftermarket cabin configurationsare offered by third parties; Pininfarina and Versace have both offereddesigner interiors for the AW109, while Aerolite Max Bucher hasdeveloped a lightweight emergency medical service interior.[2] Themajority of AW109s are fitted with a retractable wheeled tricycleundercarriage, providing greater comfort than skids and taxiingcapability.[13][14] For shipboard operations, the wheeled landing gear is

reinforced, deck mooring points are fixed across the lower fuselage, and extensive corrosion protection istypically applied.[19]

Optional mission equipment for the AW109 has included dual controls, a rotor brake, windshield wipers, a fixedcargo hook, snow skis, external loudspeakers, wire-strike protection system, engine particle separator, enginecompartment fire extinguishers, datalink, and rappelling fittings.[18] A range of armaments can be installed uponthe AW109, including pintle-mounted machine guns, machine gun pods, 20mm cannons, rocket pods, anti-tankmissiles and air-to-air missiles.[19][20] Those AW109s operated by the U.S. Coast Guard, later designated asMH-68A, had the following equipment installed: a rescue hoist, emergency floats, FLIR, Spectrolab NightSunsearch light, a 7.62 mm M240D machine gun and a Barrett M107 semi-automatic .50 caliber anti-material riflewith laser sight.[21]

Operational HistoryVarious branches of the Italian military have operated variants of the AW109; the Guardia di Finanza hasoperated its own variant of the AW109 since the 1980s for border patrol and customs duties, by 2010, it was inthe process of replacing its original AW109s with a new-generation of AW109s.[1]

In 1982, the Argentine Army Aviation deployed three A109As to the Falkland Islands during the Falklands War.They operated with the helicopter fleet (9 UH-1H, 2 CH-47C and 2 Pumas) in reconnaissance and liaison roles.One of the helicopters was destroyed on the ground by a British Harrier attack; the others were captured andsent to Europe in HMS Fearless (L10). The British Army Air Corps decided to use those helicopters in domesticoperations (being flown by 8 Flight AAC to support SAS regiment deployments in the UK), alongside two

Helicopters of the 601 AssaultHelicopter Battalion of the ArgentineArmy during the Falklands War, 1982

Pair of South African Air Force(SAAF) A109s landing in formation

additional A109 which were purchased later following favorable use ofthe first two; all were retired in 2009.[22][23] The AW109 has also beenoperated by No. 32 Squadron of the Royal Air Force to transportmembers of the British Royal Family.[24]

In 1988, 46 A109s were sold to the Belgian Armed Forces; it was lateralleged that Agusta had given the Belgian Socialist Party over 50 millionBelgian francs as a bribe to secure the sale. The resulting scandal led tothe resignation and later conviction of NATO Secretary General WillyClaes.[25] Belgium has operated an A109 aerial display team.[26] In early2013, a pair of Belgian AW109s were deployed to Svar, Mali, toperform medical evacuation mission in support of the French-ledOperation Serval.[27] In June 2013, Belgian newspaper La Libre Belgique alleged that several former Belgianmilitary helicopters had been sold via a private company to South Sudan in violation of an European Unionembargo on weapons sales.[28][29]

In the 1990s, the US Coast Guard, seeking to tackle drug trafficking onsmall speed boats via armed aerial interdiction helicopters, evaluatedseveral options and selected the AW109 as the winner. For a number ofyears, eight armed AW109s, designated MH-68A Sting Ray, were leasedfrom AgustaWestland and deployed at Coast Guard land facilities andonboard cutters. Positive experience with the AW109 led to the CoastGuard deciding to arm all of its helicopters and, following adaptions oftheir existing assets, the AW109s were returned after the leaseexpired.[2]

In September 1999, the South African Air Force (SAAF) placed an orderfor 30 AW109s;[2] 25 of the 30 rotorcraft was assembled locally by

Denel Aviation, starting in 2003.[30][31] As many as 16 SAAF AW109s were deployed for patrol, utility, andmedical evacuation missions during the 2010 FIFA World Cup.[32] In July 2013, the SAAF reported that 18AW109s had effectively been grounded due to lack of funding, these rotorcraft being only occasionallyactivated but not conducting flights; in 2013, only 71 flight hours were allocated to the whole AW109 fleet. Thetype may be reduced to flying VIPs rather than being operationally capable; South Africa is also consideringselling a number of AW109s, and may cease helicopter operations altogether.[33]

In 2001, 20 AW109s were ordered for the Swedish Armed Forces, receiving the Swedish military designation ofHKp-15B.[2] In 2010, it was reported that considerable demands were being placed upon the AW109 fleet, inpart due to the delayed delivery of the NHIndustries NH90.[34] In early 2015, a pair of Swedish AW109s weredeployed on board the Royal Netherlands Navy ship HNLMS Johan de Witt, their first-ever deployment onboard a foreign vessel, in support of a multinational anti-piracy mission off the coast of Somalia; the AW109reportedly achieve a 100% availability rate over the course of three months.[35]

An Australian AW109 during a rescuedemonstration, 2008

Agusta A109 of the Italian police

Dyfed-Powys Police Air Support UnitHelicopter (X-Ray 99) demonstrationat police HQ Open Day 2008

Between 2007 and 2012, three AW109E Power helicopters were operated under lease by the Royal AustralianNavy (RAN) to train naval aircrew.[36] In May 2008, the Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF) placed anorder for five AW109LUH rotorcraft to replace their aging Bell 47 Siouxin a training capacity; they are also used in the utility role to complimentthe larger NHIndustries NH90 and has seen limited use in VIPmissions.[37]

In August 2008, Scott Kasprowicz and Steve Sheik broke the round-the-world speed record using a factory-standard AgustaWestland AW109SGrand, with a time of 11 days, 7 hours and 2 minutes. The AW109SGrand is also recorded as being the fastest helicopter from New York toLos Angeles.[38][39]

In 2013, the Philippine Air Force (PAF) and the Philippine Navyindependently ordered batches of AW109 Power rotorcraft; additional AW109s were ordered in 2014.[40] ThePAF AW109s are used as armed gunships, while both armed and unarmed AW109s are operated by thePhilippine Navy.[41][42]

VariantsA109A

The first production model, powered by two Allison Model 250-C20 turboshaft engines. It made its first flight on 4 August 1971.Initially, the A109 was marketed under the name of "Hirundo"(Latin for the swallow), but this was dropped within a few years.

A109A EOAMilitary version for the Italian Army.

A109A Mk.IIUpgraded civilian version of the A109A.

A109A Mk.II MAXAeromedical evacuation version based on A109A Mk.II with extrawide cabin and access doors hinged top and bottom, rather than toone side.

A109BUnbuilt military version.

A109CEight-seat civil version, powered by two Allison Model 250-C20R-1 turboshaft engines.[14]

A109C MAXAeromedical evacuation version based on A109C with extra-widecabin and access doors hinged top and bottom, rather than to oneside.[43]

A109DOne prototype only

A109E PowerUpgraded civilian version, initially powered by two Turbomeca Arrius 2K1 engines. Later themanufacturer introduced an option for two Pratt & Whitney PW206C engines to be used both versions

remain known as the A109E. Marketed as the AW109E and Power.A109E Power Elite

A stretched cabin version of A109E Power. Features a glass cockpit with two complete sets of pilotinstruments and navigation systems, including a three-axis autopilot, an auto-coupled Instrument LandingSystem and GPS.[17]

A109LUHMilitary LUH "Light Utility Helicopter" variant based on the A109E Power. Operators include SouthAfrican Air Force, Swedish Air Force, Royal New Zealand Air Force, Nigerian Air Force, as well asAlgeria and Malaysia.

MH-68AEight A109E Power aircraft were used by the United States Coast Guard Helicopter Interdiction TacticalSquadron Jacksonville (HITRON Jacksonville) as short-range armed interdiction helicopters from 2000until 2008, when they were replaced with MH-65C Dolphins.[44] Agusta designated these armedinterdiction aircraft as "Mako" until the U.S. Coast Guard officially named it the MH-68A Stingray in2003.[21]

A109KMilitary version.

A109K2High-altitude and high-temperature operations with fixed wheels rather than the retractable wheels ofmost A109 variants. Typically used by police, search and rescue, and air ambulance operators.

A109MMilitary version.

A109 kmMilitary version for high altitude and high temperature operations.

A109KNNaval version.

A109CMStandard military version.

A109GdiFVersion for Guardia di Finanza, the Italian Finance Guard.

A109BAVersion created for the Belgian Army. Based on the A109C with fixed landing gear.

A109S GrandMarketed as the AW109 Grand, it is a lengthened cabin-upgraded civilian version with two Pratt &Whitney Canada PW207 engines and lengthened main rotor blades with different tip design from thePower version.

AW109SPAW109 Grand New

single IFR, TAWS and EVS, especially for EMS.AW109 Trekker

A variant of the GrandNew with fixed landing skids.[45]

OperatorsThe AW109 is flown by a range of operators including private companies, military services, emergency servicesand air charter companies.

Military and government operators

Agusta AW109E Power operated byCareFlight International AirAmbulance

AW109E Power from the BangladeshNavy

Belgian Air Component A109BAanti-tank variant.

Algeria

Gendarmerie Nationale[46]Algerian police[47]

Albania

Albanian Air Force[48]

Bangladesh

Bangladesh Navy[48]

Belgium

Belgian Air Component[48]

Bulgaria

Bulgarian Border Police[49]

Chile

Carabineros de Chile[50]

Greece

Hellenic Air Force[51]

Italy

Carabinieri[52][53]Guardia di Finanza[54]Italian Army[48]Vigili del Fuoco[55]Italian State Police[56]

Latvia

State Border Guard[57]

Malaysia

Malaysian Army[48]

New Zealand

Royal New Zealand Air Force[48]

Nigerian Air Force AW109

A RNZAF AW109 in 2012

An AW109 Power helicopter of thePhilippine Navy

AW109E of the Empire Test Pilots'School

Nigeria

Nigerian Air Force[48]Nigerian Navy[48]

OmanRoyal Oman Police

Peru

Peruvian Army[58]

Philippines

Philippine Navy[59][60]Philippine Air Force[61]

Slovenia

Slovenian Ministry of Defence[62]Slovenian Police[63]

South Africa

South African Air Force[48]

Sweden

Swedish Armed Forces[48]

Uganda

Uganda National Police[64]

United Kingdom

Royal Air Force[48]

Former military operators Argentina

Argentine Army[65]

Australia

Royal Australian Navy[66]

A U.S. Coast Guard MH-68AStingray

Italy

Italian Air Force operated 3 aircraft from 1986[67]

Paraguay

Paraguayan Air Force[68]

Slovenia

Slovenian Air Force[69]

United Kingdom

Army Air Corps[70]

United States

United States Coast Guard[71]

Venezuela

Venezuelan Army[72][73]

AccidentsIn October 1989 - a private charter A109A Mk.II was crash landed in New Jersey, killing three executivesof The Trump Organization. The cause was a manufacturing defect in one of the main rotor blades.[16]In April 2009 South African Air Force AW109 crashed into Woodstock Dam in the Drakensberg, due topilot error, killing all three on board.[74]On 17 August 2011 Beijing Municipal Public Security Bureau AW109E police helicopter crashed intoMiyun reservoir in Miyun County, Beijing of China. Three crewmen were killed and one crewman gotseverely hurt.[75]On 16 January 2013 Vauxhall helicopter crash, an AW109 on charter to Rotormotion clipped aconstruction crane attached to the St George Wharf Tower in Vauxhall, London, before crashing to theground and bursting into flames, killing the pilot and a person on the ground. The helicopter wascompletely destroyed and the crane was also seriously damaged.[76]On 15 December 2012, a Nigerian Navy AgustaWestland helicopter crashed in Bayelsa State whileconveying VIPs to Port Harcourt from Okoroba Village in Bayelsa state, the crash claimed the lives of sixpeople, including Kaduna state Governor Patrick Yakowa.[77] The investigation stated the cause couldhave either been human error, material failure or a combination of both. Turbomeca were closelyexamining the engine.[78]On 30 March 2013, a South African Air Force AW109 crashed while on an anti-poaching patrol in theKruger National Park in South Africa. All five SANDF members aboard were killed.[79]On 17 July 2014, a Tri-State Careflight AW109E helicopter (N507CF) crashed in New Mexico with 1pilot and two crew members on board. There were no survivors. The cause of this crash is pending aninvestigation by the National Transportation Safety Board.[80]On 5 July 2015, an Agusta A109E with Philippine registry number RP-C2726 crashed in Cuenca,

Flight deck of an AW109,2012

Batangas province while flying in heavy rainfall. The incident killed the pilot and passenger ArchimedesKing, founder of the Victoria Court motel chain; 6 other passengers were injured.[81]On 17 July 2015, an Agusta A109K-2 of the Slovak rescue services, Air Transport Europe s.r.o., with theregistry number OM-ATB crashed in the "Slovensky Raj" national park near the village of Hrabusice innorth Slovakia while responding to rescue a ten year old German boy who suffered a leg injury. Thehelicopter hit unmarked high voltage power lines in a rocky valley and subsequently crashed into a river,killing four men (pilot, doctor, paramedic and a mountain rescuer).[82]

DisplayedA109A at Fleet Air Arm Museum, Yeovil, England. Former AE-331 of the Argentine Army Aviation,captured in the Falklands War.[83]

Specifications (AW109 Power with PW206C)Data from AgustaWestland[18][84] European Aviation SafetyAgency[85]

General characteristicsCrew: 1 or 2Capacity: 6 or 7 passengersLength: 11.448 m (37 ft 7 in) fuselageWidth: 2.88 m (9 ft 5 in)Height: 3.50 m (11 ft 6 in)Empty weight: 1,590 kg (3,505 lb)Max takeoff weight: 2,850 kg (6,283 lb)Powerplant: 2 Pratt & Whitney CanadaPW206C Turboshaft engine, 418 kW (561 hp)eachMain rotor diameter: 11.00 m (36 ft 1 in)

PerformanceMaximum speed: 311 km/h (193 mph; 168 kn)Cruise speed: 285 km/h; 177 mph (154 kn)Never exceed speed: 311 km/h; 193 mph (168 kn)Ferry range: 932 km (579 mi; 503 nmi)Rate of climb: 9.8 m/s (1,930 ft/min)

See alsoRelated development

AgustaWestland AW109S GrandAgusta A129 MangustaAgustaWestland AW119

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and eraBell 222/230Bell 430Eurocopter DauphinEurocopter EC 135Sikorsky S-76

Related listsList of helicopters

ReferencesCitations

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Wikimedia Commons hasmedia related to AgustaA109.

Magazine", April 1992. Vol. 119. No. 4. ISSN 0015-4806. pp. 6270.

External linksAgustaWestland AW109 Power page(http://www.agustawestland.com/product/helicopters/aw109-power-2)AgustaWestland GrandNew page(http://www.agustawestland.com/product/helicopters/grandnew-1)A109S presentation on BlueSkyRotor(http://blueskyrotor.com/performance/oneaircraft/AgustaWestland/Grand-A109-S)

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