AgricultureCaty Brown

Agricultural Revolutions

First Agricultural Revolution- Neolithic Revolution Saw the human development of seed agriculture and the

use of animals in farming. 12000 years ago Replaced nomadic hunting-and-gathering life. Second Agricultural Revolution- Farming developed into feudal village structures Open lot system- where a large plot of community

farmland that all the villagers worked to produce a crop to eat.

Enclosure movement- gave individuals farmers their own plots of farmlands their own plots of land, making a major shift in agriculture.

Agriculture

Agriculture- the deliberate cultivation of plants and animals for subsistent or economic gain. ◦It originated when humans began

domesticating both plants and animals

Agriculture

Subsistent Agriculture- the production of food primarily for consumption by the producer. ◦Found in LDC’s

Commercial Agriculture- Production of food primarily for sale.◦Found in MDC’s

Types of Agriculture

Vegetative Planting- Growing plants by cutting the roots off the parent plant◦Direct cloning

Seed Agriculture- Farming through planting seeds.◦Practiced by most farmers today

Agricultural Hearths

Carl Saucer’s theory of a vegetative hearth argues that the vegetative farming knowledge first originated in Southeast Asia.

It then diffused north and east to China and Japan, and west to southwest Asia and the Mediterranean region.

Other hearths were believed to have emerged through independent innovation in South America and Africa.

Shifting Cultivation

Shifting Cultivation- is an agricultural system in which plots of land are cultivated temporarily, then abandoned and allowed to revert to their natural vegetation while the cultivator moves on to another plot.

Slash and Burn Method- Clearing land by slashing vegetation by burning it.

Pastoral Nomads

Pastoral nomads- are a form of subsistence agriculture based on the herding of domesticated animals. The word pastoral refers to sheep herding. It exists in dry climates where planting is impossible, primarily in the arid lands of North Africa, the Middle East, and Central Asia.

Intensive Subsistence

Intensive agriculture is the primary subsistence pattern of large-scale, populous societies. It results in much more food being produced per acre compared to other subsistence patterns

Found in Asia.

Plantation Farming

Large Farm that specializes in commercial agriculture.

Crops: Cotton, bananas, coffee, sugarcane, rubber, tobacco, cocoa, tea, palm oil, ect…

Usually found in LDC’s but owned by MDC’s.

Agricultural Regions in MDC’s

Can be divided into six main typesMixed(crops and livestock)Dairy, grain farmingLivestock ranchingMediterranean agriculture Gardening and fruit cultureEach type is specific to a certain area

depending on the climate.

Von Thünen’s Model of Agriculture

Shows how the distance from a City affects the choice of agriculture activity due to the price of land, price of transportation and how perishable the item is.

Von Thünen's Model of Agriculture

First Zone- Market Gardening Activities ◦ Needs to grown close to market◦Needs to minimized the cost to offset the expense of

grown.Second Zone- Dairy Farming

◦Must also be close to market area◦Needs to be close to the market to minimize the cost of

transportationThird Zone- Livestock

◦Deliberate adding of weight to animals to increase sale price

◦Transportation costs are high due to weight.

Von Thünen's Model of Agriculture

The Fourth Zone- Commercial Grain◦Transfer Process from ground to market can be

done quickly◦No real manual labor

Fifth Zone- Livestock Ranching ◦Uses the most land than any of the models◦Transportations occurs sporadically throughout

the year

Helpful Links

http://www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/quizshow.php?title=ap-human-geography-agriculture-rubenstein_1&quesnum=7&showNextQ=yes

http://quizlet.com/subject/ap-human-geography/

http://teacherweb.com/VA/FrankWCoxHighSchool/BelanKwiatkowski/links1.aspx ◦Link of links!! (linkception)