agricultural yield and productivity in...
TRANSCRIPT
178
CHAPTER – VI
AGRICULTURAL YIELD AND PRODUCTIVITY IN BEED
DISTRICT
6.1 INTRODUCTION
6.2 GROWTH OF PRODUCTION IN BEED DISTRICT.
6.3 MEAN, VARIABILITY, STANDARD DEVIATION AND
COMPOUND GROWTH RATES OF PRODUCTION OF
SELECTED CROPS.
6.4 TAHSILWISE TRENDS OF PRODUCTION OF SELECTED
CROPS.
6.5 GROWTH OF YIELD IN BEED DISTRICT.
6.6 MEAN, STANDARD DEVIATION, VARIABILITY AND
COMPOUND GROWTH RATES OF PRODUCTION OF
SELECTED CROPS.
6.7 TAHSILWISE TRENDS OF PRODUCTION OF SELECTED
CROPS.
6.8 TAHSILWISE CROPS PRODUCTIVITY OF SELECTED
CROPS.
6.9 TAHSILWISE OVERALL PRODUCTIVITY IN BEED
DISTRICT.
179
CHAPTER – VI
AGRICULTURAL YIELD AND PRODUCTIVITY IN BEED
DISTRICT
INTRODUCTION :
An attempt has been made to study the broad trends and variation in
production and yield of selected crops in Beed district. The time period
chosen for analysis of these trends is the period from 1970-71 to 2000-01.
Needless to say, that the study is bound to be highly aggregative, as it relates
to district like Beed which consist of such subdivisions which differ in their
geographical characteristics, aptitude of the people and cropping pattern.
Moreover, the study is based on a time series data for a period of twenty
seven years. During the course of this time period the procedural techniques
of statistical data collection have undergone changes varying from crude eye
estimation methods including haunches to highly sophisticated techniques of
statistical data collection.
The of production variability, compound growth rates of selected
crops, growth of yield, tahsilwise trends of yield, crop productivity and
tahsilwise overall productivity have been analyzed. Particularly rice, wheat,
Jawar, Bajra, other cereals total cereals, gram, Tur, total pulses groundnut
total oil seeds cotton and sugarcane crops have been considered.
Agricultural production is the effect of farming. However, the ups and
downs of agricultural production is the result of the whim of nature that have
played an important role in agriculture. Since 1970, food grains production
due to the technological development has increased. Technological factors
have a profound influence on agriculture and its productivity in particularly,
recent per year to independence and particular. India is largely a region of
self-sustained villages in which traditional agriculture is practiced. Since, the
beginning of present century, the region has suffered from intense pressure
180
of population upon available food resources. The pressure of population has
increased to a greater extent in the study reason. The growth of some sugar
factories in Ambejogai, Parli, Patoda, Ashti, Shirur, Wadwani, Dharur, Parli
and Georai tahsils has played an important role in agricultural development
of the region. Therefore, the modern agriculture is a sector of economy
which stands between subsistence farming and industrial activities.
There are to terms yield and productivity generally there are useful by
the common person. The measurement of production and inputs recorded for
yield and output per unit of area is known as agriculturally productivity.
Yield, on order hand is the output of particular crop per unit of area in a
particular point of time. The study of special production agriculture
productivity is useful for identifying, the different areas of agriculture. In
developing countries like India, land is limited for making expansion into
cultivated area. Further, increasing pressure of population on land compels
the scientists to think for the improvement of agricultural productivity. Thus,
to solve the food problem a suitable way is, to increase the production per
unit area per unit of time. Hence, a measurement of the existing agricultural
productivity becomes necessary before any premedical steps can be taken.
Agricultural productivity is the interplay of a multitude of many
factors, such as environmental, socio-economic and technological factors.
The agricultural productivity is closely related to the per hectare yields,
where as the agricultural efficiency is much more than agricultural
productivity is the actual performance of the land in terms of per hectors
yield, where a agricultural efficient is a ratio between the achievement in
terms of agricultural production and the actual potential of the land
productivity is physical rather than a value concept and describes the
changing relation between output and one of the major inputs like land, labor
and capital.
181
6.2 GROWTH OF CROPS PRODUCTION :
Quantitative indication of changes in output of the selected crops has
been shown in table 6.1 in columns 2 and 3 of table 6.1 are given the
average output of selected crops during 1970-71 to 2000-01.The table
concerned represents the average production in metric ton for the year 1970-
71 and 2000-01. This table also the present change in production of imported
crops in metric ton and percentage change during the same period.
Similarly annual production change as well as in metric ton and in
percent is calculated. There are wide variation in terms of population of
different crops during the period 1970-71 and 2000-01.
Table 6.1 Trends in crops production (1970-71 to 2000-01)
Crops Average production metric tonnes Change in production between 1970-71 to
2000-01
Annual production change
1970-71
1980-81
1990-91
2000-01
Quantity in M.T.
percentage Quantity in M.T.
percentage
Rice 1400 1700 3700 32300 1800 128.57 66.67 4.76
Wheat 13300 2900 25600 16700 3400 25.56 125.92 0.96
Jawar 64800 94500 202600
213200 148400 229.01 5496.30 8.48
Bajra 36000 21700 33200 148300 112300 311.94 4159.26 11.55
Total Cereals 223400 95300 265400
458900 235500 105.42 8722.22 3.90
Gram 7400 3500 8400 10300 2900 39.19 107.41 1.45
Tur 1700 5500 3400 20900 19200 1129.41 711.11 41.83
Total Pulses 15700 8300 20400 43900 28200 179.62 1044.44 6.65
Groundnut 10800 5600 24000 15400 4600 42.59 170.37 1.58
Total Oil
Seeds
16800 9300 57800 75100 58300 347.02 2159.26 12.85
Cotton 5200 8100 7300 63500 58300 1121.15 2159.26 41.52
Sugarcane 101500 16500 221500
10307800
1206300 1188.47 44677.78 44.02
Source : Socio-economic abstract of Beed district.
182
Rice:-
For Rice the average production in metric ton was 1400 in 1971 which
substantially increased to 32300 metric ton in 2001. This clearly indicated
that there was net increase of 30900 metric ton during the some period. This
change in percentage was as high as 2207 percent during the last three
decades. In other words the annual production change was 1030 metric ton
and percentage annual production change was 73.57.
Wheat:-
As for as Wheat is concerned the total production in the year 1971
was 13300 metric ton which increase 16700 metric ton in the year 2001.
There has been net increase in production of Wheat above 3400 metric ton
during last three decades. The percentage increase in Wheat production was
25.56 during the 1971-2001 period. The annual production change was of
the under 125.92 metric ton and percentage change was recorded less than 1
percent.
Jawar:-
Jawar is the most staple crops in the region under study Beed district.
The total production of Jawar was 64800 M.T. in 1971, which increase as
high as 2133200 in 2001. There has been net increase of production of
148400 metric tons during the last three decades. This came to 229.01
percent during the last three decades. The annual production change for Rice
was 549.30 metric tons which is 8.48 percent per annum.
Bajra :-
Bajra a also and important crop grown in region under study. The total
production recorded was 3600 metric ton, which substantially increase and
become high as 148300 metric ton in 2001. There has been net increase and
Bajra production of 112300 metric ton during the last three decade. The
percentage change in Bajra production was of the under 311.94 percent
183
during the last thirty years. As for as, the annual production change was of
the under 4159.26 metric ton per year, while percentage change was
calculated 115511 percent per annum.
Gram:-
Gram cultivation is not that important crops in Beed district. The total
production of Gram was 7400 metric ton 1971, which increase to 10300
metric ton in 2001. There has been net increase in production of Gram of
2900 metric ton during the last thirty years, which is 39.19 percent. The
annual production change of Gram was of the under of 17.41 metric ton and
percentage annual change was 1.45 percent during the last three decades.
Tur:-
Tur is one of the important pulses in Beed district. The average
production of metric ton was sublimated 1700 metric ton 1971. This increase
to 20900 metric ton in year 2001. The next increase was 19200 metric ton
during the last three decade in Tur production in Beed district, which has
recorded 1129.42 percent increase during the same period.
This is the highest percentage increase among the cereals and pulses
the annual production change in Tur was 711.11 metric ton and the annual
percentage change was recorded 4.83 percent. (Table 6.1)
Oil Seeds:
The total Oil Seeds including Groundnut are important crops in Beed
district in the year 1971. The total Oil Seeds production was 1688 metric
ton. This has enormously increased as high as 75100 metric ton 2001. The
net increase was of 58200 metric ton during the period of three decades,
during the staple of thirty years there has been increase in total Oil Seeds
production of 347.02 percent. In other words the annual production change
in term of increase was 215.26 metric ton and the percentage increase 12.85
percent per annum. (Table 6.1)
184
Cotton:-
Cotton is also an important cash crop in Beed district. The cotton
production bale was 5200 in 1971. That has tremendously increased to
63500 bales in the year 2001. This shows that, the net increase in cotton
production was 58300 bales, the percentage change was noted positive of the
under 1121.15 during the last thirty year. The annual production change was
cotton 2159.26 bales which accounted 41.52 percent annual percent per
annum.
Sugarcane:-
Sugarcane is the most important cash crop in Beed district due to
increase in the irrigational facilities; the Sugarcane has been retaining
growing cash crop in Beed district. The average production Sugarcane
metric ton was 101500 which as enormously increase and become as high as
1037800 metric ton in 2001. There has been net increase in the production of
Sugarcane of 1206300 metric ton during the 1971-2001 periods. The percent
is change in the increase of Sugarcane was calculated to 1188.47 metric ton
during a span of thirty year. This cereal with that Sugarcane is fast growing
crop in the Beed district, due the enthusiasm of the farmers in the Beed
district. The annual rate of change of sugarcane was 44677.78 metric ton
which accounted to 420.2 percent.
6.3 PRODUCTIVITY OF PRINCIPAL CROPS:
Wheat, Jawar, Bajra, Maize, Gram, Tur, Groundnut, Cotton and
Sugarcane are the important crops of the Beed district, Sugarcane and Jawar
is accounting for more than 50 percent of the total cultivated area of the
region. Jawar can be grown both a Rabi and Kharif crops in Beed district.
Wheat is more common in dry areas. Sugarcane is the principal crops of the
185
region. It is a late arrival in the field of cash crops. Its cultivation is confined
to the areas receiving adequate and timely irrigation.
The crop productivity changes have occurred in response to many
technological developments during the last few decades. The adoption of
seeds, fertilizers and irrigation has resulted into increase of farm production
and diversifying the production pattern. The soil conservation has been an
addition for increasing the productivity. Thus, all these factors interact the
changes in agricultural production.
1) YIELD LEVELS OF RICE:
The table 6.2 depicts productivity in Beed district for different tahsil
for 2001. The yield per hectares of the important crop has been calculated
for measurement crop grown in the district. The rice is represented as a
staple crop in Beed district. It is used daily in meals by the people.
The average yield for the Beed district was estimated 503 hundred kg.
per hectare in 2001. The highest yield per hectare was recorded for Kaij
tahsils, weld value lowest for Ashti tashil, Parli, Dharur, Wadwani, Shirur
and Ashti have recorded yield of rice below the district average in 2001. The
tahsils likely Patoda, Geograi, Majalgaon, Beed and Ambejogai registered
yield per hectare above the district average. The yields of rice higher in area
were evident water supply as a meaning of irrigation is available. (figure
6.1) Table 6.2.
186
187
2) YIELD LEVELS OF WHEAT:-
Wheat in an important crop grown in the Beed district. The average
yield per hectare in the Beed district was 59300 kg. per hectare in 2001. It
was highest for Kaij valued lowest for Shirur tahsil. The Beed tahsil and
Wadwani have also shown much higher productivity of Wheat in the region
under study. (table 6.3) Other tahsils like Majalgaon, Ambejogai and Ashti
have much hectare yield per acre of Wheat than the district of the district.
Due to better availability of sown of irrigation facilities Patoda, Georai,
Dharur and Parli tahsils have much lower yield per hectare than the average
for the district and 2001. The variations in the level of Wheat yield, may be
activated to various physical socio and economic factors. (figure 6.2)
Table 6.2 Yields of selected agricultural crops in Beed district
(Sugarcane Yield in M.T. & Other crops in Kg.)
Sr. No. Crops
Year 1970-71 1980-81 1990-91 2000-01
1. Rice 434 1189 741 578
2. Wheat 371 892 924 935
3. Jawar 367 785 814 708
4. Bajra 361 414 406 628
5. Gram 274 344 492 453
6. Tur 186 397 541 282
7. Groundnut 450 515 1243 533
8. Cotton 58 125 122 121
9. Sugarcane 50 65 83 68
Source : Socio-economic abstract of Beed district.
188
Table 6.3 Yields of selected agricultural crops in Beed district
(Sugarcane Yield in M.T. in Kg.)
Sr. No. Crops
Year 1970-71 1980-81 1990-91 2000-01
1. Rice 100 245.05 152.43 102.72
2. Wheat 100 321.67 270.67 240.33
3. Jawar 100 251.71 266.16 189.73
4. Bajra 100 78.00 81.80 103.00
5. Gram 100 158.54 242.72 138.35
6. Tur 100 282.52 540.78 158.25
7. Groundnut 100 58.73 139.52 58.73
8. Cotton 100 600.00 714.28 700.00
9. Sugarcane 100 80.85 112.33 79.45
Source : Socio-economic abstract of Beed district.
3) YIELD LEVELS OF JAWAR:-
Perhaps, Jawar is the most important cereal crops grown in the Beed
district. This crop is grown both rabi and kharif seasons. This is concerned
by the majority of the poor people in Beed district. It means sustain even in
the coarse soil and do not acquire much irrigation. The average yield of
Jawar was recorded for the district as whole 54000 kg. per hectare of land.
The net sown area under Jawar is also much higher in the Beed district
according to 2001. Due to increasing important of Sugarcane as is cash crop
the net sown area in gradually decading day by day in the region under
study. Patoda tahsil ranks first in the yield level of Jawar and fallow land by
Kaij tahsils.
189
190
Other tahsils like Georai, Majalgaon, Ambejogai, Shirur and Beed
tahsils have recorded higher yield per hectare than the average for the region
as whole. Rest other tahsils like Ashti, Parli and Dharur represented lower
yield than the region average in 2001. The variations in the levels of yield
are due to various socio-economic and physical factors to a certain extent.
The attitudes of the people, traditional habit of people are response for
variation of the yield levels of the Jawar in Beed district. (figure 6.3)
4) YIELD LEVELS OF BAJRA:-
Bajra is an important cereals crops in Beed district. This is grown in
the kharif season. The yield per hectare of land was 50100 kg. for Beed
district as a whole. Kaij ranks first as for as the yield per hectare land is
concerned in the Beed district. It is full use by Ashti tahsil. Other tahsils like
Ambejogai, Beed, Georai and Majalgaon recorded higher yield per hectare
of land than the region as a whole. (Table 6.4) Remaining other tahsils like
Dharur, Parli, Patoda, Wadwani and Shirur have shown yield per hectare of
land lower than the average for the region as a whole. The variations in
levels of yield for Bajra depend upon the variation in soil, climate and
attitude of the people in the Beed district. This crop is consumed by the
morality of the poor people in the region under study. Like Jawar it's also
grown in the light coarse soils and does not recorded irrigation since it’s a
grown in the kharif season. (Figure 6.4)
5) YIELD LEVELS OF GRAM:-
Gram is none has pulses grapes but, its use both for based as well as
vegetable in day today life of common. It is also grown is evele infirial soil.
The average yield of Gram is 300 kg. per hectare for land in Beed district as
a whole. It did not require in irrigation an it grown rabi season in Beed
district. Patoda extant first of the yield of Gram in Beed district. It follows
by Kaij tahsil and Ambejogai other tahsils like Beed and Majalgaon have
also recorded higher yield than average for the region. Georai is the list yield
191
192
giving region of Beed district. Shirur, Wadwani, Ashti, Dharur, Parli
are other tahsils having lower production of Gram than the Beed district
attitude. (Figure 6.5)
6) YIELD LEVELS OF TUR:-
Tur is one of the most important pulses grown in the Beed district.
The duration of the food crops extent for kharif to rabi season. It is the most
essential the part of district in day to day life in daily needs for common
man. 43900 kg. per hectare Tur yield was recorded for the Beed district
agitated. Surprisingly to Georai recorded the highest yield per hectare of
land by Parli recorded lowest. Ashti, Kaij, Beed, Ambejogai have sown
higher yield per hectare of land than the region under study as a whole. The
tahsil which are in the category of lower productivity than the average for
the region as a whole are Majalgaon, Patoda, Wadwani, Dharur and Parli.
(Figure 6.6)
7) YIELD LEVELS OF GROUNDNUT:-
Among the oil seeds, per hectare Groundnut occupational the most
important position Groundnut is use crush the oil production. 4300 kg. per
hectare yield of Groundnut was recorded for Beed district as a whole Kaij is
the first ranks tahsil in the yield per hectare of land in Beed district. Patoda
occupational the last rank in the yield production of Groundnut in Beed
tahsil. Kaij, Shirur and Dharur have recorded higher yield per hectare in
Beed district than the region as a whole other tahsils of the district his full in
grown of lower yield are Ashti, Wadwani, Georai, Ambejogai, Majalgaon,
Parli and Patoda socio, physical and economic factor of which other
variation for the yield in Beed district. (Figure 6.7)
193
194
8) YIELD LEVELS OF COTTON:-
Cotton is one of the cash crop in the Beed district. It is grown is done
medium black Cotton soil. The average yield of Cotton soil for Beed district
as a whole was 63.18 bales per hectare of land in Georai, Beed, Kaij,
Dharur, Shirur and Patoda depicted the yield of Cotton much higher than the
region average for the region as a whole on other hand Ambejogai register
the lowest in per hectare of land for 2001. Other tahsil like Majalgaon, Parli,
Wadwani have shown lower production than the region average. (Figure 6.8)
9) YIELD LEVELS OF SUGARCANE:-
Sugarcane is most important cash crop in the region of study. Owing,
to increasing demand of sugar in day to day life, lines important of
Sugarcane have increase during the last decades. It is role in best suited
fertile soil it needs currently irrigation to sawed line crops. The yield per
hectare of land is recorded 1472256 metric ton per hectare of land for region
as whole in 2001. Majalgaon is the most important region in Sugarcane
production as it recorded highest is per hectare of land Beed district
production sugarcane production, Parli, Dharur, Shirur, Ashti, Georai had
higher production per hectare land than the average for the region. In order
of important which have lower production than average for the region are
Patoda, Wadwani, Ambejogai, Kaij and Beed tahsil in the region under
district. Sugarcane plays a dominant grown in the economic of the region.
As a result of good production of Sugarcane number of sugar factory have
been established. (Figure 6.9)
6.4 MEASUREMENT OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY:-
Identification and delineation of various areas of agricultural
productivity have been attempted by many scholars by using many
techniques. In the investigation, three methods such as Kendal's, ranking co-
195
196
efficient methods, yield index method and Bhatia's method have been used
for the measurement of agricultural productivity in Beed district. The
weakness of Kendal's ranking co-efficient method was modified later due to
neglect of the aerial strength of crops hence, it was removed by Sapre and
Deshpande, (1964). After that, further, modification has been attempt by
Bhatia (1967).
Table 6.4 Yield index of major crops in Beed district (2000-01)
Sr.
No.
Tahsil Yield Index
Rice Wheat Jawar Bajra Gram Tur Groundnut
1 Ashti 71 109 79 137 83 116 99
2 Patoda 115 65 152 69 166 86 71
3 Shirur 74 35 121 41 99 102 109
4 Georai 133 92 130 115 67 132 96
5 Majalgaon 101 106 108 103 102 93 94
6 Wadwani 90 133 944 67 86 88 101
7 Beed 155 136 116 121 112 109 111
8 Kaij 158 139 151 138 118 116 129
9 Dharur 81 91 60 85 76 84 104
10 Parli 77 75 70 80 70 66 86
11 Ambejogai 114 114 127 136 115 131 95
Source : Compiled by Author
197
Table 6.5 Measurement of productivity by Kendal's ranking co-
efficient, yield index, and by Bhatia's methods.
Sr. No.
Tahsil Index values total rank value
of crops
Kendal's method average ranking
co-efficient
Bhatia's method index values
composite value of index
1 Ashti 50 5.55 76.42
2 Patoda 58 6.44 93.28
3 Shirur 52 5.78 83
4 Georai 45 5.06 109.28
5 Majalgaon 51 5.66 101
6 Wadwani 66 7.33 215.57
7 Beed 38 4.22 122.85
8 Kaij 28 3.11 134.28
9 Dharur 64 7.11 83
10 Parli 78 8.66 76.28
11 Ambejogai 54 6.00 118.85
Source : Compiled by Author
6.4.1 Measurement of Productivity by Kendal's Ranking Co-Efficient
Method -
Here, the Kendal's ranking co-efficient method (1968) is used while
applying this technique, nine major crops grown in all the tahsils of the
district are selected. The crops have ranked in order to their yield per unit
area. Then the arithmetic mean of these rank is obtained, which Kendal
called as ranking co-efficient and the same is represented cartographically.
Lower the co-efficient value, higher is the productivity level of agriculture is
the main criterion of Kendal method.
198
Results and discussion:
Three areas of agricultural productivity have been identified as shown
in (Figure 6.10)
I. Areas of high productivity.
II. Areas of moderate productivity
III. Areas of low productivity. I. Areas of high productivity -
This category is confined largely to northern and eastern part of Beed
district comprising various like Parli, Wadwani, and Dharur tahsils.
The rivers in this area provide water for irrigation in Rabi Season. The
river basins have fertile soils and many farmers in this area are adopting new
inputs in agriculture by using, Fertilizers, machinery, improved seeds etc.
All the favorable factors and human efforts have resulted in the high
agricultural productivity in the region of Beed district.
II. Areas of Moderate productivity -
This category of productivity covers five tahsils of Ashti, Patoda,
Shirur, Majalgaon and Ambejogai. The co-efficient value in this area ranges
from 5.5 to 6.5. This region is quite famous for pulses cultivation. tahsils
like Ashti, Patoda and Shirur have fertile soil but paucity of water for
irrigation and high variability of rainfall have resulted into moderate
agricultural productivity. (Table 6.5)
III. Areas of low productivity -
The low productivity areas cover three tahsils, where the co-efficient
value is above 6.5. The high variability of rainfall and low intensity of
irrigation have led to low agricultural productivity in dry areas of the Beed
district. (Figure 6.10)
199
6.4.2 MEASUREMENT OF PRODUCTIVITY BY YIELD INDEX
METHOD:
The regional imbalance in agricultural productivity of Beed district is
measured by using index method. While applying this method, the nine
crops grown in most of the tahsil are selected. The yield index of each crop
is calculated by the equation given below:
Yield of crop : Yield of crop V in the areal unit x 100 Yield of crop 'a' in the region.
Then the composite yield index was obtained for each tahsil and the same is
represented cartographically on the map of Beed district.
Results and discussions:
Three categories such as: (1) Areas of high productivity. (2) Areas of
moderate productivity and (3) Areas of low productivity have been
identified as given below
I. Areas of high productivity -
It is mainly confined to the central and eastern part of district
excluding Ambejogai tahsil. Thus, the tahsils of Shirur, Dharur and Parli
have recorded high productivity, (Figure 6.11)
II. Areas of moderate productivity-
This category of productivity is mainly , observed in three tahsils of
western part of Beed and two tahsils of eastern part of the district namely
Majalgaon, Ambejogai.The rainfall is low in Ashti tahsil. Irrigation facilities
are not more developed. The average yield of crop is low. Kharif crops are
dependent on monsoon and Rabi crops are grown only where water is
available for irrigation.
200
201
III. Areas of low productivity -
In the central part of Beed district low production is recorded. This
part consists of Georai, Beed and Kaij tahsils. Hence, the yield of some
crops is very low. The irrigation facilities are not developed. Agricultural
implements are old and traditional. Rainfall is uncertain, thus, the combined
effect of all these factors leads to the low agricultural productivity. (Figure
6.11)
6.4.3 Measurement of Productivity by Bhatia's Method:
The levels of agricultural productivity are the result of natural
environment and partly of human activities. It is a dynamic concept and any
change in above factors may affect agricultural production. Thus, to reckon
the regional differences in levels of agricultural productivity here, Bhatia's
weighted average yield index is also used. Nine crops are selected for this
purpose and weights are given by taking, crop land devoted to each crop.
This has been represented as given under,:
yc
i) lya = ---------- x 100 yr
lya = yield index of crop 'a'
yc = yield of crop 'a' in the areal unit.
Yr = yield of crop 'a1 in the region,
lya x Ca + lyb x cb +------------------ lyn cn. ii) Ap = -----------------------------------------------------
Ca + cb + ----------------- cn.
Ap = Agricultural productivity.
lya, lyb ------------------ Iyr.= Yield index of various crops.
Ca,Cb ------------------- cn percent of cropland under different crops.
202
203
On this basis, the agricultural productivity of each taluka of Beed
district has been computed and mapped (Figure 6.12)
Result and discussions -
Figure 6.12 brings out the general pattern of regional imbalances in
the levels of agricultural productivity. For discussion, the region is grouped
into three categories namely: i) Areas of high productivity, {ii) Areas of
moderate productivity and. (iii) Area of low productivity.
I. Areas of high productivity -
The area in this category includes only two tahsils of the district, namely,
Wadwani and Kaij. This area coincides with the area of laterite to deep black
soils and high intensity of irrigation. This has been reflected in high
agricultural productivity. The highest productivity is recorded in Kaij and
Wadwani tahsils of Beed.
II. Areas of moderate productivity-
The tahsils of Beed, Georai, Majalgaon and Ambejogai have moderate
agricultural productivity with the development of irrigation facilities, these
tahsils may be improved even in the higher productivity in future.
III. Area of low productivity-
The areas of low level of agricultural productivity occur in all the
remaining tahsils of Beed district. Here, local factor such as poor soils and
very low intensity of irrigation affect the low level of agricultural
productivity. In this part of the district, the level of crop production per unit
area can also be raised by using improved seeds and increasing irrigation
facilities. (Figure 6.12)
204
205
REFERENCES
1. Bhatia, S. S. (1967): Spatial Variation, Changes and trends in
agricultural efficiency in U.P. 1953-1963. India journal of
Agricultural economics. Vol22. No. i, PP. 66-80.
2. Buck J. L. (1967): Land Utilization in China Vol. 1 Nanking
University of Nanking.
3. Dayal. E. (1984): "Agricultural productivity in India - A Spatial
Analysis". PP. 27-38.
4. Gopal Krishna, M D. and Rao, T. R. (1964): "Regional Variations in
Agricultural productivity in Andhara Pradesh," Indian Journal of
Agricultural Economics, Vol. 19, NO. 1. PP. 227-236.
5. Grag, J. S. (1964): "Variations studies in the Agricultural
Development of productivity in the eastern and western Regions of
U.P." India Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 19, No. 1. PP.
193-197.
6. Hirch, H. G. (1943): "Crop Yield index," Journal of Farm economics,
vol-25, No. 3, P-583.
7. Hussian, M. (1976): "A New approach to the Agricultural productivity
Regions of the Sutlej-Ganga plains of India" Geographical Review of
India, Vol. 36, PP. 230-236.
8. J. Kustroweeki (1964) Geographical Typology of Agriculture in
Poland methods and problems, Geographic Polorica vol. I
1964. P. 127.
9. Jasbir Singh and S. S. Dillon (1997) : Agricultural Geography,
Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd. Delhi p. 226.
10. Jasbir Singh etal (1982) Determinants of Agricultural
Productivity in Haryana-A. Sample study of operational
206
holding & for landuse planning Kurukshetra Visal Publication
p. 509.
11. Kendal, M.G.W. (1967): The geographical distribution of crop
productivity in England, 'Spatial Geography. Ed, Barry and Marbel.,
P.P. 387-406.
12. Kendall M.G. (1939), The Geographical Distribution of crop
productivity in England Journal of Royal Statistical Society
162. Pp. 24-28.
13. Khusrao A. M. (1964) Returns to sale in Indian Agricultural
Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics 19 pp. 52-53.
14. Mishra R.P. (1968) Diffusion of Agricultural Innovation,
Prasranga University of Mysore p. 140-144.
15. Momaria, C.B. (1969): Agricultural Problems of India. Kitab Mahal.
Allahaband., P. 718.
16. Noor Mohammad and Singh, R. (1981): "Measurement of crop
productivity" Perspectives in Agricultural Geography, Vol. 4, Concept
publishing company, P. 159.
17. Ramanaiah, Y.V. and Reddy. N.B.K. (1984): Regionalization of
agricultural productivity in A.P. Transactions Institute of Indian
Geographers, Vol. 6. No. 1. PP. 1-17.
18. Roy P. Kivlin, J. Ellegel and Sen Leli T (1971) Two Baldes of
grasso National institute of Community Development p.1.
19. Shafi Mohammad (1960), Measurement of Agricultural
Efficiency in Uttar Pradesh Economic Geography pp. 296-305.
20. Shafi, M. (1972): "Measurement of Agricultural productivity of the
Great Indian Plains The Geographer, Vol. 19, PP. 7-9,
21. Sharma, J. S. (1965): "Measurement of Agricultural Productivity"
concept, Definition etc. PP. 5-11.
207
22. Singh G. B. (1979) Transformation of Agriculture Kurukshetra
Vishal Publication p. 129.
23. Singh V.R. (1965): UA method for Analyzing Agricultural
Productivity" Transactions, Institute of Indian Geographers, PP. 39-
46.
24. Singh, Jasbir (1975): An Agricultural Atlas of India: A geographical
Analysis. Vishal publication, Kurukshetra, India, PP. 263-298.
25. Spare S. G. and Deshpande V. S. (1964), Inter District
variations in Agricultural Efficiency in Maharashtra State.
Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics 19 pp. 242-252.
26. Spare, S.G. and Despande, V.D. (1964): Inter-district Variations
in agricultural efficiency in Maharashtra State. Indian Journal
of Agricultural Economics, Vol. 19, No. 1., PP. 215-233.
27. Stamp L. D. (1960), our Developing World London Faber and
Faber pp. 108-109.
28. Vaid, V. (1985): Agricultural Productivity of Maharashtra: A Spatio-
Temporal Analysis" Dissertation for M. Phil, (Unpublished
Department of Geography, University of Poona, Poona. PP. 59-81.