agricultural revolution - ms. lanier's history...
TRANSCRIPT
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3.2
Agricultural Revolution
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Neolithic Age• Means “New Stone”
• Between 8,000 B.C. -4,000 B.C.
• SHIFT FROM HUNTING AND GATHERING TOSYSTEMIC AGRICULTURE
–Systematic Agriculture- Growing food on a regular basis
–Did not happen quickly
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Neolithic Times• Nomads moved to mild climates & fertile lands
• FIRST TIME: people stayed in 1 place to grow food
–Farming replaced hunting and gathering as main food source
• Domesticated animals
–Transported goods
–Provided meat, milk, and wool.
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Big Changes for Human Kind• Agricultural Revolution
–Could now produce a CONSTANT food supply.
• Population grew faster
•Nomads lived in settled communities.
SOME HISTORIANS CONSIDER THIS THE MOST IMPORTANT EVENT IN HUMAN
HISTORY.
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Widespread Farming• Farming started in Southwest Asia (8,000 B.C.)
–Wheat, barley, pig, cow, goat, sheep
• 6,000 B.C. barley and wheat in Egypt in the Nile Valley
• By 6,000 B.C. China was growing crops
• By 4,000 B.C. it had reached Europe
• BY 4,000 B.C. FARMING WAS AN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
• By 7,000-5,000 B.C. Mexico and Central America
–Corn, squash, potatoes
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Life in the Neolithic Age
• Settled in villages/permanent homes–Settled near a water supply
•Two of the oldest villages–Jericho (between Israel & Jordan) (8000B.C.)
–Catalhuyak (present day Turkey) (6700-5700 B.C.)• 32 acres; home to 6,000 people
• Shrines or holy buildings
• Grew their own food
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Benefits of Settled Life• Protection from weather and wild animals
• Steady food supply
–Began to trade extra food
• People started to begin other economicactivities
–Artisans, skilled workers [weapons, jewelry, pottery]
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•Gender roles
–Men• grew crops; protected
• Became family and community leaders
–Women• Bore children
• Stayed in village
•Made clothes
•Managed food supplies
•Other tasks
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End of the Neolithic Age
• Still advancing technology
–Hoes for digging soil, sickles for cutting grain
–Millstones for grinding flour
• Found copper
–Easier to use than stone
–Copper and tin formed BRONZE
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Bronze Age
3200 B.C. - 1200 B.C.
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Civilizations Emerge
•Develop more complex cultures
–Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, and China
•Developed cities and formed governments
–All started near river valleys
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Governments
• First government: Monarchies
–Led by a king or queen
•Monarchs created armies and made laws
•Defended against enemies and keep order
•Government officials managed food supplies and building projects.
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Religion
•Helped people explain their lives
•Believed that gods were responsible forcommunity survival.
• Priests performed ceremonies
•Rulers claimed their power was approved bythe gods.
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Social Structure
• People organized into groups.
–Defined by type of work, amount of wealth, power they had.
• HIGHEST- government officials, priests, warriors
–Set rules, made important decisions
• FREE PEOPLE- farmers, artisans, crafts people
• LOWEST- enslaved people
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Writing and Art
• Invented ways to write.
–Used symbols
–Keep accurate records, preserve stories
• Art
–For enjoyment and practical reasons
–Usually gods and forces of nature
• Buildings
–Places of worship
–Burial tombs to kings
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