agricultural research service, u.s. department of

NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL LIBRARY ARCHIVED FILEArchived files are provided for reference purposes only. This file was current

when produced, but is no longer maintained and may now be outdated. Contentmay not appear in full or in its original format. All links external to the documenthave been deactivated. For additional information, see http://pubs.nal.usda.gov.

Alternative Farming Systems Information Center of the National Agricultural LibraryAgricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

ISSN:1052-5378

Compost: Application and UseJanuary 1994 - December 1996

Quick Bibliography Series no. QB 97-01

275 Citations in English from the AGRICOLA DatabaseJune 1997

Compiled By:Mary V. GoldAlternative Farming Systems Information Center (http://afsic.nal.usda.gov), Information Centers BranchNational Agricultural Library, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of AgricultureBeltsville, Maryland 20705-2351

Go to:About the Quick Bibliography SeriesHow do I search AGRICOLA (http://agricola.nal.usda.gov) to update a Quick Bibliography? Use the searchstrategy and terms located below, plus the extensive AGRICOLA Help site to locate recent literature on yoursubject of interest. Request Library Materials, https://www.nal.usda.gov/nal-services/request-library-materialsNational Agricultural Library Cataloging RecordSearch StrategyAuthor IndexSubject IndexCitation no.: 1, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 210,220, 230, 240, 250, 260, 270

National Agricultural Library Cataloging Record:

Gold, Mary V.Compost: application and use : January 1994-December 1996.(Quick bibliography series ; 97-01)1. Compost--Bibliography. I. Title.aZ5071.N3 no.97-01

Search Strategy

http://pubs.nal.usda.gov/

SET DESCRIPTION

1 ((COMPOST or COMPOSTS) with (USE or USES or USING or UTILIZ* or UTILIS*))TI,DE,ID

2 ((COMPOST or COMPOSTS) with (APPLY or APPLYING or APPLIED or APPLICAT* OR AMEND* orINCORPORAT*))TI,DE,ID

3 ((COMPOST or COMPOSTS) with (SOIL or SOILS or PLANT or PLANTS or GROW* or MEDIA orMEDIUM or POTTING or CROP or CROPS))TI,DE,ID

4 ((COMPOST or COMPOSTS) with (REMEDIAT* or BIOREMEDIAT* or WETLAND*))TI,DE,ID

5 ((COMPOST or COMPOSTS) with (BIOLOGICAL CONTROL*))TI,DE,ID

6 ((COMPOST or COMPOSTS)TI,DE,ID) and ((CC=F100 Plant production, general) or (CC=F110 Plantproduction, horticultural crops) or (CC=F120 Plant production, field crops) or (CC=F130 Plant production,pastures and range) or (CC=F140 Plant production, miscellaneous crops) or (CC=F500 Plant nutrition) or(CC=F800 Plant protection))

7 ((COMPOST or COMPOSTS)TI,DE,ID) and ((CC=F820 Pests of plants, general and misc.) or (CC=F821Pests of plants, insects) or CC=F822 Pests of plants, nematodes) or (CC=F830 Plant diseases, general) or(CC=F831 Plant diseases, fungal) or (CC=F832 Plant diseases, bacterial) or (CC=F833 Plant diseases, viral) or(CC=F840 Plant diseases, physiological) or (CC=F841 Misc. plant disorders))

8 ((COMPOST or COMPOSTS)TI,DE,ID) and ((CC=J100 Soil biology) or (CC=J200 Soil chemistry) or(CC=J600 Soil resources and management) or (CC=J700 Soil cultivation) or (CC=J800 Soil erosion andreclamation) or (CC=M320 Aquatic biology and ecology, Plants))

9 ((COMPOST OR COMPOSTS)TI,DE,ID) and ((CC=P200 Water resources management) or (CC=P210Drainage and irrigation) or (CC=W000 Pollution, general)

10 #1 or #2 or #3 or #4 or #5 or #6 or #7 or #8 or #9

11 #10 and LA=ENGLISH (Language)

12 #11 and PY=1994-1996 (Year of publication)

Compost: Application and UseGo to: Author Index | Subject Index | Top of DocumentCitation no.: 1, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 210,220, 230, 240, 250, 260, 270

1.NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734Adding value to composted manure.Biocycle v.36(3): p.61-62. (1995 Mar.)Descriptors: organic-fertilizers; composts; poultry-manure; granules; value-added; waste-utilization

2.NAL Call No.: HD9484.C65P73-- 1994Agricultural markets for compost and mulch : cost, benefits and policy recommendations.

Pratt, W. B.; Shireman, W. K. iii, 44p. (Global Futures; California Futures Foundation, Washington, DC;Sacramento, CA , [1994])Cover title.Descriptors: compost-united-states-marketing; compost-economic-aspects-united- states; wood-waste-as-mulch,-soil-conditioner,-etc-economic- aspects-united-states; wood-waste- as-mulch,-soil-conditioner,-etc-marketing

3.NAL Call No.: S590.C63Agronomic effectiveness of poultry manure composts.Mahimairaja, S.; Bolan, N. S.; Hedley, M. J. Commun-soil-sci-plant-anal v.26(11/12): p.1843-1861. (1995)Includes references.Descriptors: brassica-oleracea-var -capitata; zea-mays; composts; poultry-manure; rock-phosphate; sulfur; urea;comparisons; crop-yield; nitrogen; use-efficiency; phosphorus; nutrient-uptake; recovery; nitrate; leaching;residual-effects; ammonium-nitrogen; nitrate- nitrogen; movement-in-soil; sulfocomposts; phosphocompostsAbstract: Two field experiments were conducted to examine the agronomic value of poultry manure compostedin the presence of both phosphate rock (PR) and elemental sulphur (So) (sulphocompost) and PR alone(phosphocompost). Winter cabbage and summer maize were used as test crops. For the first season's wintercabbage, the phosphocompost and sulphocompost were approximately 12% and 60% as effective as urea andboth composts were equally effective as urea for the second season's maize crop. The greater agronomiceffectiveness of sulphocompost could be attributed to the improved nitrogen (N)-use efficiency increased PRdissolution and improved S nutrition. Distribution of nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) in the soil profile of field plotsindicated greater potential for winter leaching of N from urea than poultry manure which could be the reason forthe improved residual value of the manure reflected in summer maize yields. The results from the fieldexperiments indicated that composting poultry manure with So and PR not only reduces environmental pollutionassociated with manure application, but also increases the agronomic effectiveness of manure.

4.NAL Call No.: S590.C63Ammonium bicarbonate-DTPA extraction of elements from waste-amended calcareous soil.Hanlon, E. A.; Schaffer, B.; Ozores Hampton, M.; Bryan, H. H. Commun-soil-sci-plant- anal v.27(9/10):p.2321-2335. (1996)Includes references.Descriptors: calcareous-soils; agricultural-soils; irrigated-soils; composts; sources; comparisons; refuse;sewage-sludge; yards; wastes; application- to-land; application-rates; soil- testing; chemical-composition;nutrient-content; heavy-metals; determination; extraction; ammoniumbicarbonate; chelating-agents;extractants; lycopersicon-esculentum; cucurbita- maxima; diethylenetriaminepentaacetic-acid; irrigation-rates;loading-rateAbstract: Use of soil testing for both nutrient and heavy metal interpretations could prove to be a readilyavailable tool for management of calcareous soils amended with solid waste products. The ammoniumbicarbonate-DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) [AB-DTPA] extractant was used in this study, based onits successful use in other calcareous regions, and existence of interpretations for both nutrients and selectedheavy metals. In southern Florida, addition of large volumes of composted waste products to shallowagricultural soils formed from crushed Oolitic limestone appears to be a viable disposal alternative to rapidlyexpanding landfills or incineration. For two years, the effects of processed wastes (PW) on selected, AB-DTPA-extractable soil mineral element concentrations were determined for tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)and squash (Cucurbita maxima Duch. Ex Lam.) grown with three different irrigation rates (3.78, 2.53, or 1.25L/min). The PW composts were added at supplier-recommended rates for soil addition, resulting in a range ofloading rates varying with source, with which the AB-DTPA extractant could be evaluated. The PW compostswere: i) Agrisoil Compost (processed municipal garbage and yard clippings) applied at 48 Mg/ha, ii) Daorganite(processed sewage sludge) applied at 16 Mg/ha, and iii) Eweson Compost (processed municipal garbage andsewage sludge) applied at 24 Mg/ha, and iv) no PW (control). There were no significant interactions betweenirrigation and PW treatment or effects of irrigation treatment on any of the soil-extracted elements followingeither crop, with the exception of AB- DTPA-extractable copper (Cu) following squash in 1991. Treatment with

Agrisoil resulted in the greatest increase in mineral element accumulation in the soil followed by Daorganite andEweson sources for both crops during each year. Although there was variability among crops and years, mineralelement concentrations, particularly manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), and Cu, were generally higher inthe Agrisoil-amended soil than in the other treatments. These observations could be traced to loading rates ofindividual elements. The lowest mineral element concentrations were in the non-amended soil. The results ofthis study indicate that nutrients and selected heavy metals can be monitored successfully using the AB-DTPAextractant. Accumulation of nutrients, including metals, in PW-amended soil was minimal when supplied to thesoil at manufacturers' recommended rates, which were well below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency'smaximum loading rates.

5.NAL Call No.: S592.7.A1S6Antagonism of fungi and actinomycetes isolated from composted eucalyptus bark to Phytophthoradrechsleri in a steamed and non-steamed composted eucalyptus bark-amended container medium.Hardy, G. E.S.J.; Sivasithamparam, K. Soil-biol-biochem v.27(2): p.243-246. (1995 Feb.)Includes references.Descriptors: phytophthora-drechsleri; fungal-antagonists; streptomyces; deuteromycotina; isolation; bark-compost; eucalyptus; growing-media; container-grown-plants; biological-control; fungal-diseases; telopea-speciosissima; eucalyptus-calophylla

6.NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734Applying yard trimmings compost to Florida highways.Henry, G.; Bush, D. Biocycle v.37(2): p.53-54. (1996 Feb.)Descriptors: composts; yards; wastes; application-to-land; roadsides; florida

7.NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58Aqueous extracts of spent mushroom substrate for foliar disease control.Yohalem, D. S.; Harris, R. F.; Andrews, J. H. Compost-sci-util v.2(4): p.67-74. (1994 Autumn)Includes references.Descriptors: mushroom-compost; extracts; malus-pumila; seedlings; venturia- inaequalis; conidia; spore-germination; sporulation; inhibition; biological-control

8.NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734Assessing the impact of composting yard trimmings.Cole, M. A. Biocycle v.35(4): p.92-94, 96. (1994 Apr.)Includes references.Descriptors: litter-plant; yards; composts; composting; heavy-metals; nutrients; pesticides; pollutants; leaching;water-pollution; risk; assessment

9.NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58Assessment of the bacteriological quality of compost from a yard waste processing facility.Meckes, M. C.; Rice, E. W.; Johnson, C. H.; Rock, S. Compost-sci-util v.3(3): p.6- 13. (1995 Summer)Includes references.Descriptors: composts; yards; litter-plant; quality; fecal-coliforms; coliform- bacteria; microbial-contamination;determination; assessment; tennessee; compost-quality

10.NAL Call No.: SB435.5.A645Banking on mulch.Roley, W. H. Jr.; Hylton, M. Arbor-age v.14(2): p.35. (1994 Feb.)Descriptors: mulches; composts; composting; arboriculture; waste-utilization

11.NAL Call No.: SB1.H6Bark- and peat-amended spent mushroom compost for containerized culture of shrubs.Chong, C.; Cline, R. A.; Rinker, D. L. HortScience v.29(7): p.781-784. (1994 July)Includes references.Descriptors: cotoneaster-dammeri; cornus-alba; forsythia-intermedia; weigela- florida; growing-media;mushroom-compost; container-grown-plants; pine-bark; peat; bark- compost; sand; shoots; dry-matter-accumulationAbstract: Four deciduous ornamental shrubs ['Coral Beauty' cotoneaster (Cotoneaster dammeri C.K. Schneid);Tartarian dogwood (Corpus alba L.); 'Lynwood' forsythia (Forsythia X intermedia Zab.); 'Variegate' weigela(Weigela florida Bunge A.D.C.)] were grown in trickle-fertigated containers. There were eight media consistingof 25% or 50% sphagnum peat or composted pine bark, 25% sand, and the remainder one of two sources ofspent mushroom compost; four media with 50% peat or bark mixed with 50% spent mushroom compost; and acontrol medium of 100% pine bark. Initially, higher than desirable salt levels in all compost-amended mediawere leached quickly (within 2 weeks of planting) and not detrimental to the species tested. Unlike cotoneaster,which showed no difference in growth (shoot dry weight) due to medium, dogwood, forsythia, and weigela grewsignificantly better in all compost-amended media than in the control. Growth of these three species was 20%greater in peat-based than in bark-based, compost-amended media. Dogwood and forsythia grew slightly more(+8%) with spent mushroom compost based primarily on straw-bedded horse manure than with one based on ablend of straw-bedded horse manure, wheat straw, and hay. The addition of sand (25%) to a mixture of 50% peator bark and 25% spent compost produced a medium with minimal compaction.

12.NAL Call No.: S589.7.E57- 1994Beneficial uses of composts in Florida.Smith, W. H. Environmentally sound agriculture proceedings of the second conference 20-22 April 1994 / p.247-253. (1994)Includes references.Descriptors: refuse; composting; composts; waste-utilization; uses; florida

13.NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58Bioavailability of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn, from biosolids amended compost.Warman, P. R.; Muizelaar, T.; Termeer, W. C. Compost-sci-util v.3(4): p.40-50. (1995 Autumn)Paper presented at the 36th Rocky Mountain Conference on the Biogeochemistry of Compost held August 1994.Descriptors: soil; composts; manures; sewage-sludge; mixtures; heavy-metals; bioavailability; beta-vulgaris;ion-uptake; growing-media; chemical- composition; correlation; phytotoxicity; soil; compost-growing-media

14.NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58Biodegradation of trichloroethylene in finished compost materials.Watwood, M. E.; Sukesan, S. Compost-sci-util v.3(4): p.6-19. (1995 Autumn)Includes references.Descriptors: bioremediation; trichloroethylene; contaminants; biodegradation; composts; filters; enrichment;methane; propane; adsorption; microbial-activities; biofiltration

15.NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58Biological, chemical and physical properties of composted yard trimmings as indicators of maturity andplant disease suppression.Grebus, M. E.; Watson, M. E.; Hoitink, H. A. J. Compost-sci-util. v. 2 (1): p. 57-71 (1994 Winter)Includes references.Descriptors: yards; pruning; pruning-trash; composts; biology; physicochemical- properties; maturity; plant-diseases; suppression; pythium; rhizoctonia

Go to: Author Index | Subject Index | Top of DocumentCitation no.: 1, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 210,220, 230, 240, 250, 250, 260, 270

16.NAL Call No.: SB599.C8Biological control of Botrytis-incited diseases and powdery mildews in greenhouse crops.Elad, Y.; Malathrakis, N. E.; Dik, A. J. Crop-prot v.15(3): p.229-240. (1996 May)Includes references.Descriptors: greenhouse-crops; botrytis-cinerea; sphaerotheca-fuliginea; erysiphales; plant-pathogenic-fungi;biological-control-agents; parasites; hyperparasitism; saprophytes; composts; plant-extracts; plant-disease-control; integrated-control; biological- control; literature-reviews; hyperparasitic-fungiAbstract: The greenhouse environment is very conducive to several diseases, among which grey mould andpowdery mildews are the most important ones. Currently, much attention is given worldwide to the biologicaland integrated means of control of these two diseases, yielding reports on many potential antagonists. The twodiseases differ greatly with respect to their epidemiology and the physiology of the pathogens. Hence, differentapproaches to their biocontrol are adopted. Biocontrol of powdery mildews is mostly based on the application ofhyperparasitic fungi. In order to achieve a high level of parasitism, the biocontrol agents need a low vapourpressure deficit (VPD), compared to the VPD needed for the development of powdery mildews. Therefore,measures are necessary to overcome this problem. On the other hand, biocontrol of the high humidity-promotedBotrytis cinerea, is mostly based on saprophytes. The efficacy of biocontrol agents and their survival aredependent on biotic and abiotic factors. So far, results obtained under commercial conditions are rathermoderate, but even so there are biocontrol agents suitable for integration with other control measures in order toachieve a control level acceptable to growers. Formulations of biocontrol agents against B. cinerea and powderymildews have already been released and registered in some countries. They are only moderately effective but aresuitable for use in integrated control of the target diseases.

17.NAL Call No.: SB433.T874Biological controls: promising new tools for disease management.Nelson, E. B. Turf-grass-trends p.1-4, 7-9. (1994 Jan.)Descriptors: lawns-and-turf; fungal-diseases; biological-control; composts; soil- inoculation; enterobacter-cloacae; bacillus-subtilis; pseudomonas; fungal-antagonists

18.NAL Call No.: 56.9-So3Boron sorption by soil in the presence of composted organic matter.Yermiyahu, U.; Keren, R. Soil-Sci-Soc-Am-j. [Madison, Wis.] Soil Science Society of America v.59 (2)p.405-409(1995 Mar.-1995 Apr.)Includes references.Descriptors: boron; sorption; soil-organic-matter; composts; manures; alfisols; mixtures; sorption-isotherms; soil-ph; mathematical-modelsAbstract: Although the organic matter content in cultivated soil is relatively low, its presence may have asignificant effect on B distribution between the solid and liquid phases in soils. This study was conducted todetermine the influence of organic matter in soil on B sorption and to test a B sorption model for soil in thepresence of organic matter. The study was conducted on a loess soil (Calcic Haploxeralf). Mature compost,produced from the solid fraction of separated straw-containing cattle manure, served as a simulation of organicmatter. Boron sorption by soil-composted organic matter mixtures increased as the organic matter contentincreased. At low pH levels (below pH 8), the sorption isotherms were linear regardless of the compostedorganic matter content. At the higher pH range, however, a deviation from linearity was observed. Thisdeviation, which increased with pH, was related to the surface concentration of occupied sorption sites. SorptionB data from batch experiments were compared with results computed according to fitted adsorption coefficients

(maximum B sorption and affinity coefficients that related to the binding energy). The B sorption capacity of themixture increased with the composted organic matter content. The agreement between calculated values andexperimental results indicates that the sorption model can be used to predict B sorption by soil-organic mattermixtures.

19.NAL Call No.: S605.5.B5Broccoli growth, yield and level of aphid infestation in leguminous living mulches.Costello, M. J. Biol-agric-hortic v.10(3): p.207-222. (1994)Includes references.Descriptors: brassica-oleracea-var; botrytis; brevicoryne-brassicae; insect-control; cultural-control; live-mulches; trifolium-repens; trifolium-fragiferum; trifolium-pratense; lotus- corniculatus; crop-mixtures; cover-crops; intercropping; interspecific-competition; composts; organic-fertilizers; growth; crop-yield; infestation;leaves; water-content; leaf-area; nitrate- nitrogen; nitrogen-content; california; synthetic-fertilizers

20.NAL Call No.: 100-Al1HBroiler litter can enhance potted plant production.Flynn, R. P.; Wood, C. W.; Guertal, E. A. Highlights-agr-res v.42(1): p.6-8. (1995 Spring)Descriptors: lactuca-sativa; pot-plants; pot-culture; broilers; poultry-manure; refuse-compost; growing-media;nutrient-uptake; ph; yields

21.NAL Call No.: QH84.8.B46Carbon mineralization in soils of different textures as affected by water-soluble organic carbon extractedfrom composted dairy manure.Liang, B. C.; Gregorich, E. G.; Schnitzer, M.; Voroney, R. P. Biol-fertil-soils v.21(1/2): p.10-16. (1996)Includes references.Descriptors: clay-soils; sandy-soils; loam-soils; carbon; mineralization; soil-flora; biological-activity-in-soil;composts; cattle-manure; soil-organic- matter; solubility; soil-organic- carbon-poolsAbstract: The water-soluble organic C in composted manure contains a portion of labile C which can stimulatesoil microbial activity. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of water-soluble organic Cextracted from composted dairy manure on C mineralization in soil with different textures. Three soils withtextures varying from 3 to 54% clay were amended with 0 to 80 mg water-soluble organic C kg-1 soil extractedfrom a composted dairy manure and incubated for 16 weeks at 23 degrees C. The total amount of C mineralizedwas greater than the amount of C added in the three soils. Differences in mineralizable C with and without addedwater-soluble organic C were approximately 13-16 times, 4.8-8 times, and 7.5-8 times greater than the amountof C added to clay, loam, and sand soils, respectively. The results of this experiment suggest that immediatelyfollowing composted manure applications, C mineralization rates increase, and that most of the C mineralizedcomes mainly from the indigenous soil organic C pool.

22.NAL Call No.: QR100.M5Changes in functional abilities of the microbial community during composting of manure.Insam, H.; Amor, K.; Renner, M.; Crepaz, C. Microb-ecol v.31(1): p.77-87. (1996)Includes references.Descriptors: cattle-manure; composting; turning; frequency; microbial-flora; biomass-production; respiration;maturity; compost-maturityAbstract: The objective of this study was (a) to detect changes of the functional abilities of the microflora duringcomposting of manure as a result of windrow turning frequency and (b) to detect differences between distinctzones within the windrows. Biolog GN microtiter plates containing 95 different carbon sources were inoculatedwith diluted suspensions of compost material containing 15,000 microorganisms per well (120 microliter). Wefound a dramatic shift in functional microbial community structure during the 8-week composting process. Theshift was more rapid when the compost windrows were turned. The substrate use pattern in the outer, well-

aerated zone of the unturned windrow was similar to that of the turned windrows. Microbial biomass andrespiration decreased more rapidly in the turned than in the unturned windrows, indicating a different pace ofcompost maturation. The data suggest that the Biolog assay may be a suitable approach to determine compostmaturity.

23.NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58Characterization of compost leachate fractions using NMR spectroscopy.Wershaw, R. L.; Llaguno, E. C.; Leenheer, J. A. Compost-sci-util v.3(3): p.47-52. (1995 Summer)Paper presented at the symposium on the Biogeochemistry of Compost held August 1994 as part of the 36thRocky Mountain Conference.Descriptors: composts; leaves; hardwoods; leachates; characterization; organic- compounds; carbon; organic-acids; chemical-composition; soil- formation; minerals; surface- layers; organic-coatings; nuclear-magnetic-resonance-spectroscopy; dissolved-organic-carbon

24.NAL Call No.: TD172.C54Characterization of the humic material formed by composting of domestic and industrial biowastes. 1.HPLC of the cupric oxide oxidation products from humic acids.Miikki, V.; Hanninen, K.; Knuutinen, J.; Hyotylanen, J.; Alen, R. Chemosphere v.29(12): p.2609-2618. (1994Dec.)Includes references.Descriptors: composts; sewage-sludge; activated-sludge; pulp-and-paper-industry; agricultural-wastes; solid-wastes; composting; humification; humic-acids; degradation; oxidation; copper; oxides; phenolic-compounds;hplc; pulp-mill-sludge

25.NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734Characterizing supermarket organics.Michel, F. C.; Drew, S.; Reddy, C. A.; Forney, L.; Trondle, E. Biocycle v.36(1): p.68-70. (1995 Jan.)Descriptors: organic-wastes; supermarkets; waste-utilization; composting; composts; quality

26.NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58Chemical, physical and microbiological considerations in recycling spent mushroom substrate.Levanon, D.; Danai, O. Compost-sci-util v.31(1): p.72-79. (1995 Winter)Paper presented at the Spent Mushroom Substrate Symposium held on March 11-14, 1994, Philadelphia,Pennsylvania.Descriptors: mushroom-compost; agricultural-wastes; recycling; waste-utilization; uses; characterization

27.NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58Combining legumes and compost: a viable alternative for farmers in conversion to organic agriculture.Astier, M.; Gersper, P. L.; Buchanan, M. Compost-sci-util v.2(1): p.80-87. (1994 Winter)Includes references.Descriptors: brassica-oleracea-var-italica; organic-farming; conversion; poultry- manure; legumes; composts;ammonium-sulfate; crop-yield; california

28.NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734Commercial applications for compost biofilters.Conrad, P. Biocycle v.36(10): p.57-58, 60. (1995 Oct.)Descriptors: composts; industrial-applications; filters; runoff; storms; waste-utilization

29.NAL Call No.: S592.7.A1S6Community-level interactions control proliferation of Azospirillum brasilense Cd in microcosms.Janzen, R. A.; McGill, W. B. Soil-biol-biochem v.27(2): p.189-196. (1995 Feb.)Includes references.Descriptors: azospirillum-brasilense; soil-bacteria; soil-fungi; phanerochaete- chrysosporium; trichoderma-harzianum; composts; microbial-flora; nitrogen-fixation; phosphorus; nutrient-uptake; hydroxyapatite;community-ecology; phospholipids; fatty-acid- esters; chemical-analysis; phosphorus-solubilization; compost-microflora; fatty-acid-methyl- estersAbstract: We tested the hypothesis that community-level interactions, rather than the genetically-derivedcapability to fix N2 control proliferation, as monitored by phospholipid- linked fatty acid methyl ester (PL-FAME) analysis, of A. brasilense Cd in physicochemically- defined microcosms. In N2-fixation microcosms,microflora from compost or soil did not proliferate, either alone or in mixed cultures with A. brasilense Cd. In P-mobilization microcosms, the amount of 2-OH19:0, a biomarker for A. brasilense Cd, was generally higher inmixed cultures with compost microflora than in those with soil microflora. P mobilized from hydroxylapatite byA. brasilense was significantly less than that by compost microflora, but not different from that by soilmicroflora. Profiles of phospholipid-linked fatty acid methyl esters (PL-FAME) from cultures of compostmicroflora alone generally contained more 18:2(9c,12c), indicating a larger fungal component in the community,than did profiles from cultures of soil microflora alone. Cluster analysis of PL-FAME profiles confirmed that A.brasilense comprised a larger proportion of the community in mixed culture with compost microflora than withsoil microflora. Our results in combination with the literature support our hypothesis; further research iswarranted to refine PL-FAME analyses for monitoring soil microbial communities.

30.NAL Call No.: 26-T754Comparative quality of phosphocomposts and single superphosphate and response of green gram (Vignaradiata L. Wilczek).Hajra, J. N.; Sinha, N. B.; Manna, M. C.; Islam, N.; Banerjee, N. C. Trop-agric v.71(2): p.147-149. (1994 Apr.)Includes references.Descriptors: vigna-radiata; rice-straw; composts; phosphorus-fertilizers; crop- production; application-rates;crop-yield


31.NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58Comparative study on biowaste definition: effects on biowaste collection, composting process and compostquality.Boelens, J.; Wilde, B. de.; Baere, L. de. Compost-sci-util v.4(1): p.60-72. (1996 Winter)Includes references.Descriptors: waste-disposal; kitchen-waste; waste-paper; litter-plant; domestic- gardens; refuse; waste-utilization; composting; public-opinion; social-participation; composts; quality; case-studies; belgium; landfill-diversion

32.NAL Call No.: QH540.J6Comparison of amendments and management practices for long-term reclamation of abandoned minelands.Pichtel, J. R.; Dick, W. A.; Sutton, P. J-environ-qual v.23(4): p.766-772. (1994 July-1994 Aug.)Includes references.

Descriptors: dactylis-glomerata; festuca-arundinacea; trifolium-hybridum; trifolium-repens; lotus-corniculatus;mine-spoil; mined-land; reclamation; sewage-sludge; fly- ash; composts; paper-mill-sludge; bark; topsoil; lime;ammonium-nitrate; superphosphate; potassium-fertilizers; soil-ph; nutrient-content; biomass-production; yields;grassland- management; ohioAbstract: Abandoned mine lands containing pyritic spoil may become toxic due to production of sulfuric acidand subsequent high levels of heavy metals. A field study was initiated to compare the long-term (10 yr)effectiveness of digested municipal sewage sludge (224 Mg ha-1), powerplant fly ash (448 Mg ha-1), papermillsludge composted with either coarse or fine wood bark (67, 90, and 112 Mg ha-1), and limed topsoil (20-cmdepth) in maintaining a grass-legume mixture on toxic abandoned mine spoil (initial pH 3.4). Management ofreclaimed plots included an additional one-time application of N, P, and K according to soil test 1 yr afterreclamation and annual cutting of vegetation that was either removed from the plot or left on the surface. Soilwas sampled at depths of 0 to 10 and 10 to 20 cm, with the lower sample representing soil (except for the topsoiltreatment) to which the amendments had not been mixed. These soil samples were analyzed for pH and plantnutrients. Dry matter production declined sharply after 3 yr and then recovered the last 2 yr due to favorableweather, although to only two- thirds of the initial levels. The topsoil and sewage sludge amendmentsmaintained overall highest yields and highest percent vegetative cover (93 and 91%, respectively). Amendedspoil experienced a gradual pH increase over the study period with the topsoil amendment exhibiting the highestpH (7.0) and fly ash the lowest pH (5.1) after 10 yr. The topsoil and sewage sludge amendments generallymaintained the highest soil K, Ca, and Mg concentrations, while the sewage sludge and fly ash amendments hadthe highest P concentrations. pH values and P, K, Ca, and concentrations in the 0- to 10-cm soil horizon. timeaddition of lime and fertilizer did increase vegetative yields. We conclude that the papermill sludge and sewagesludge amendments were roughly equivalent to limed topsoil for the successful long-term reclamation of toxicmine spoil. The fly ash amendment was least successful due to its inability to provide pH and nutrient levelssufficient for the maintenance of good vegetative growth.

33.NAL Call No.: TD420.A1P7-v.31-no.5- 6A comparison of culture methods for the detection of Salmonella in wastewater sludge.Hu, C. J.; Gibbs, R. A. Health-related water microbiology 1994 selected proceedings of the InternationalSymposium (organised by the IAWQ Specialist Group on Health- related Water Microbiology as part of WaterQuality International '94, 17th Biennial Conference of the International Association on Water Quality, held inBudapest, Hungary, 24-30 July 1994 .) 1st ed. p.303-306 (1995)Includes references.Descriptors: salmonella; detection; cell-culture; culture-media; sewage-sludge; composts; composted-sludge

34.NAL Call No.: S590.C63Comparison of phosphate-phosphorus and total phosphorus in DTPA extracts for assessing plant-available phosphorus in soilless potting media.Handreck, K. A. Commun-soil-sci-plant-anal v.27(9/10): p.2125-2135. (1996)Includes references.Descriptors: growing-media; pine-bark; sand; phosphorus; nutrient-availability; determination; extraction;extractants; phosphates; nutrient-content; hakea; shoots; correlation; soilless-culture; phosphorus-fertilizers;nutrient-sources; comparisons; bone-meal; rock- phosphate; sewage- sludge; composts; nutrient-uptake; total-phosphorus-versus-phosphate- phosphorus-contentAbstract: Hakea francisiana and H. laurina were grown in soilless media based on pine bark, to which had beenadded one of the following phosphorus (P) sources: crushed bone, rock phosphate, calcined rock phosphate,sewage sludge, or sludge compost. Available P was assessed through extraction with unbuffered 2 mM DTPA.Similar regression equations between shoot P content and P in 2 mM DTPA extracts of the media at potting wereobtained for both total P in the extract (determined by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry) andPO4-P. The difference between them was small compared with the variation caused by different rates of dissolution of P the varioussources during the growing period. Extractants give only an approximate guide to plant P uptake when themedium contains sources that slowly dissolve during the growing period. Nevertheless, the data indicate that,

irrespective of P source, the maximum P concentration in a 2 mM DTPA extract (1:1.5 v/v) of the medium thatis tolerated by P-sensitive plants is 3-4 mg/L. This is similar to the concentration found previously forsuperphosphate as the source of P.

35.NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82Comparison of some Turkish originated organic and inorganic substrates for tomato soilless culture.Abak, K.; Celikel, G. Acta-hortic (366): p.423-427. (1994 Aug.)Paper presented at the Second Symposium on Protected Cultivation of Solanacea in Mild Winter Climates, April13-16, 1993, Adana, Turkey.Descriptors: lycopersicon-esculentum; greenhouses; soilless-culture; peat; mushroom-compost; tuff-soils;rockwool; substrates; crop-quality; crop- yield; plant-analysis; turkey

36.NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58Composition, use and legislation of spent mushroom substrate in the Netherlands.Gerrits, J. P. G. Compost-sci-util v.2(3): p.24-30. (1994 Summer)Paper presented at the Spent Mushroom Substrate symposium, March 11-14, 1994, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.Descriptors: mushroom-compost; chemical-composition; composting; phosphates; heavy-metals; waste-disposal; waste-utilization; animal-manures; legislation; netherlands

37.NAL Call No.: 448.3-Ap5Compositional changes in compost during composting and growth of Agaricus bisporus.Iiyama, K.; Stone, B. A.; Macauley, B. J. Appl-environ-microbiol v.60(5): p.1538- 1546. (1994 May)Includes references.Descriptors: agaricus-bisporus; composting; mushroom-compost; chemical- composition; fractionation; cell-wall-components; polysaccharides; carbohydrate-metabolism; lignin; microbial-degradationAbstract: Samples from conventional compost taken at various stages of composting and mushroom (Agaricusbisporus) growth were analyzed for changes in 80% ethanol and water extracts, monosaccharides in acidhydrolysates of polysaccharides, lignin concentration, and lignin structural features. Variable amounts ofextraneous inorganic solids in the form of fine sandy particles were removed by sedimentation of the samples ina carbon tetrachloride-dibromomethane mixture. During composting, about two-thirds of the initial wallpolysaccharides were consumed by compost microorganisms, and only 17% of the total polysaccharides wereused during mushroom production. The relative lignin content of composts as measured by the acetyl bromideprocedure increased, both during composting and mushroom growth, and the chemical structure of lignin wasaltered by condensation and oxidation reactions.

38.NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58Compositional changes in composts during composting and mushroom growth: comparison ofconventional and environmentally controlled composts from commercial farms.Iiyama, K.; Lam, T. B. T.; Stone, B. A.; Perrin, P. S.; Macauley, B. J. Compost-sci- util v.3(3): p.14-21. (1995Summer)Includes references.Descriptors: mushroom-compost; composting; methodology; comparisons; environmental-control; chemical-composition; macronutrients; polysaccharides; lignin; structure; change; agaricus-bisporus; growth

39.NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734Compost dressing helps chile peppers.Dickerson, G. W. Biocycle v.37(3): p.80, 82. (1996 Mar.)Descriptors: capsicum-annuum; phytophthora; root-rots; plant-disease-control; cultural-control; composts;sewage-sludge; suppressive-soils

40.NAL Call No.: S592.7.A1S6Compost extract added to microcosms may simulate community-level controls on soil microorganismsinvolved in element cycling.Janzen, R. A.; Cook, F. D.; McGill, W. B. Soil-biol-biochem v.27(2): p.181-188. (1995 Feb.)Includes references.Descriptors: soil-bacteria; azospirillum; bacillus; azospirillum-brasilense; sulfate- reducing-bacteria; composts;extracts; nitrogen-fixation; denitrification; sulfate; reduction; phosphorus; nutrient-uptake; phosphorus-solubilizationAbstract: Interactions among populations of soil microorganisms might alter soil microenvironments sufficientlyto allow populations collectively to inhabit sites which individually they could not inhabit. We tested thehypothesis that soluble microbial products in soil microenvironments mediate commensalistic interactionsamong populations involved in N2- fixation, denitrification, sulfate reduction and P solubilization. We measuredthe growth of bacteria in microcosms amended with sterile compost extract. Of the 7 Azospirillum isolatestested, 3 fixed more N2 when amended with 50 micrograms compost extract-C ml-1 medium. Fixation of N2, byone isolate amended with NH4Cl or compost extract decreased with increasing concentrations (0.15-15micrograms N ml-1 medium) of NH4Cl, but not with increasing concentration of compost extract. Opticaldensity of cultures of Bacillus sp. increased 6-fold with addition of 11 micrograms compost extract-C ml-1medium under denitrifying conditions. Adding 6 micrograms compost extract-C ml-1 medium stimulated thegrowth of all 10 sulfate-reducing enrichment cultures, and three did not grow without compost extract. Additionof 10 micrograms compost extract-C ml-1 medium, however, increased microbial-P in only one of the 10cultures in P-limiting medium. This evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that exchange of growth factorsamong populations in microenvironments contributes to control of microorganisms involved in element cycling.

41.NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734Compost field trials in Ontario.Gies, G. Biocycle v.36(11): p.41-42. (1995 Nov.)Descriptors: zea-mays; glycine-max; composts; application-rates; timing; soil- fertility; growth; crop-yield;field-experimentation; ontario

42.NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734Compost pays off in the orchard.Farrell, M. Biocycle v.37(10): p.40, 42. (1996 Oct.)Descriptors: orchards; organic-farming; orchard-soils; composts; on-farm- processing; composting; oregon

43.NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734Compost pelletization eases end use in Nigeria.John, N. M.; Adeoye, G. O.; Sridhar, M. K. C. Biocycle v.37(6): p.55-56. (1996 June)Descriptors: composts; pelleting; poultry-manure; research-projects; nigeria

44.NAL Call No.: S544.3.C2C3Compost production and utilization: a growers' guide.Van Horn, M. Leafl-Univ-Calif-Syst,-Div-Agric-Nat-Resour. (Oakland, Calif. : Division of Agriculture andNatural Resources, University of California) (21514): p.17 (1995 Oct.)Descriptors: composts; composting; methodology; wastes; utilization; microbial- flora; carbon-nitrogen-ratio;calculation; nutrient-content; regulations; california

45.NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58Compost recycling of wood fiber waste produced by paper manufacture.Line, M. A. Compost-sci-util v.31(1): p.39-45. (1995 Winter)

Includes references.Descriptors: waste-wood; fiber; waste-utilization; composting; sewage-sludge; ratios; composts; chemical-composition; heavy-metals; pinus-radiata; seedling-growth; shoots


46.NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734Compost replaces soil amendments at country club.Guzman, R. Biocycle v.37(5): p.75-76. (1996 May)Descriptors: composting; litter-plant; composts; residential-areas; clubs; private- organizations; california; yard-wastes

47.NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734The compost story: from soil enrichment to pollution remediation.Garland, G. A.; Grist, T. A.; Green, R. E. Biocycle v.36(10): p.53-56. (1995 Oct.)Includes references.Descriptors: composts; waste-utilization; pollution-control; reclamation

48.NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734Compost use in wetland restoration.Peot, C.; Thompson, D. Biocycle v.37(1): p.65-66. (1996 Jan.)Descriptors: composts; sewage-sludge; yards; wastes; application-to-land; wetlands; reclamation; wetland-soils;yard-trimmings

49.NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734Compost valued highly on high value crops.Logsdon, G. Biocycle v.36(8): p.65-67. (1995 Aug.)Descriptors: composts; sewage-sludge; sewage-products; uses; nurseries; planting- stock

50.NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58Composting and evaluating a pulp and paper sludge for use as a soil amendment/mulch.Campbell, A. G.; Zhang, X. G.; Tripepi, R. R. Compost-sci-util v.31(1): p.84-95. (1995 Winter)Paper presented at the Spent Mushroom Substrate symposium, March 11-14, 1994, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.Descriptors: composting; paper-mill-sludge; waste-utilization; composts; characterization; age; moisture-content; ph; carbon-nitrogen-ratio; electrical-conductivity; lycopersicon-esculentum; populus; seed-germination;growth; biomass; plant-height; compost-maturity; compost-age

51.NAL Call No.: TD930.A32Composting and evaluation of racetrack manure, grass clippings and sewage sludge.Warman, P. R.; Termeer, W. C. Bioresour-technol v.55(2): p.95-101. (1996 Feb.)Includes references.Descriptors: horse-manure; racehorses; grass-clippings; sewage-sludge; mixtures; composting; composts;leachates; chemical-composition; growing-media; macronutrients; trace- elements; heavy-metals;bioavailability; phytotoxicity; seed-germination; seedlings; growthAbstract: Two experimental/demonstration composting operations were operated in 1993 and 1994. At one site,

racetrack manure was composted by itself. At another site, composts were produced from mixtures of racetrackmanure, grass clippings and sewage sludge on four specially constructed pads. These pads were lined withplastic to facilitate leachate collection in adjoining containment ditches. Different ratios of two types of sewagesludge or sludge and grass clippings were mixed with the racetrack manure and composted in temperature-monitored, passively aerated static piles; both types of sludge were composted with and without aeration pipes.Temperature profiles were developed and illustrated. All the mature compostsand the leachates from the firstcomposting cycle were evaluated for various chemical and biological properties. The quality of the compostswas assessed as soil amendments and fertilizers in several replicated plant growth experiments. The chemicalanalysis of the composts was very much related to the source of the feedstocks. The use of aeration pipes hadlittle effect upon the temperature profiles or compost analysis. Leachate analysis proved that macro- andmicronutrients were not lost in large quantities during the composting operation, although some concern must beaddressed to nitrate leaching. Plant-growth experiments in the greenhouse showed that a combination of sewagesludge compost and peat outperformed 100% compost or the commercial potting mix. No major phytotoxiceffects, however, were observed from the use of sewage sludge compost in germination and seedling growthtrials.

52.NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58Composting food processing waste in the European economic community.De Bertoldi, M. Compost-sci-util v.3(2): p.87-92. (1995 Spring)Includes references.Descriptors: composting; food-processing; food-wastes; waste-utilization; feasibility; microbial-activities;carbon; nitrogen; mineralization; ecology; composts; stability; european-communities; microbial-ecology;compost-maturity

53.NAL Call No.: QR1.M562Composting of goat dung with various additives for improved fertilizer capacity.Agamuthu, P. World-j-microbiol-biotechnol v.10(2): p.194-198. (1994 Mar.)Includes references.Descriptors: goats; animal-manures; composts; additives; pennisetum-purpureum; temperature; ph; moisture-content; water-holding- capacity

54.NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58Composting of salmon farm mortalities with passive aeration.Liao, P. H.; Vizcarra, A. T.; Chen, A.; Lo, K. V. Compost-sci-util v.2(4): p.58-66. (1994 Autumn)Includes references.Descriptors: composting; composts; fish; aeration; volatile-fatty-acids; phenol; phytotoxicity; fish-composts

55.NAL Call No.: S589.7.E57-1994Composting of yard trimmings--processes and products.Nordstedt, R. A.; Smith, W. H. Environmentally sound agriculture proceedings of the second conference 20-22April 1994 / p.239-246. (1994)Includes references.Descriptors: yards; wastes; composting; composts; mulches; waste-utilization; florida

56.NAL Call No.: S631.F422Control of nitrate pollution by application of controlled release fertilizer (CRF), compost and anoptimized irrigation system.Diez, J. A.; Caballero, R.; Bustos, A.; Roman, R.; Cartagena, M. C.; Vallejo, A. Fertil- res v.43(1/3): p.191-195.(1995)Paper presented at the international symposium "Fertilizers and the Environment" held September 26-29, 1994,

Salamanca, Spain.Descriptors: alluvial-soils; agricultural-soils; irrigation-water; application-rates; nitrogen-fertilizers; slow-release-fertilizers; composts; urea; comparisons; nitrate; leaching; losses-from-soil; percolation; soil-solution;zea-mays; drainage; water-pollution; spainAbstract: A nitrogenous controlled release fertilizer (Floranid 32) and a treatment of municipal organic wastecompost were tested under two irrigation managements (conventional and ET-adjusted irrigation rates) with theaim of assessing risk of nitrate leaching to the aquifer. A check without N fertilizer was introduced. Theexperiment was carried out at La Poveda Field Station (30 km SE Madrid, Spain) in alluvial soils with watertable depth at 4 m and under maize cropping. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete blockdesign with three replications, allocating 12 plots to each irrigation management. Although N fertilizer rate (150kg ha-1) was reduced at half as related to a previous experiment, no difference in grain yields was observed.This result relates to a high content of soil-N. Floranid showed promising results in controlling N-leaching incomparison with urea that exhibited an accelerated rate of N release which finally determines low use of N bythe plant and marked NO(3-) leaching. Treatment of municipal waste compost showed NO(3-) concentrations inthe soil water solution of similar values as those of urea at 140 cm. ET-adjusted irrigation showed no drainageduring the corn growing season and lower NO(3-) concentrations in the soil water solution which could indicatea general lower rate of N solubilization.

57.NAL Call No.: 442.8-An72Control of Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande) pupae in compost.Helyer, N. L.; Brobyn, P. J.; Richardson, P. N.; Edmondson, R. N. Ann-appl-biol v.127(3): p.405-412. (1995Dec.)Includes references.Descriptors: frankliniella-occidentalis; pupae; composts; chemical-control; pesticides; biological-control;metarhizium-anisopliae; verticillium- lecanii; entomophilic- nematodes; heterorhabditis; steinernema;neoaplectana-feltiae; efficacy; soil-based-composts; heterorhabditis-megidis; steinernema-carpocapsae

58.NAL Call No.: 10-J822Controlled environment composting for mushroom cultivation: substrates based on wheat and barleystraw and deep litter poultry manure.Noble, R.; Gaze, R. H. J-agric-sci v.123(pt.1): p.71-79. (1994 Apr.)Includes references.Descriptors: mushrooms; crop-production; composting; mushroom-compost; barley-straw; wheat-straw;poultry-manure; crop-yield; temperature; chopping

59.NAL Call No.: S631.F422Cotton fertilization with composts of (sugarbeet) vinasse and agricultural residues.Madejon, E.; Diaz, M. J.; Lopez, R.; Lozano, C.; Cabrera, F. Fertil-res v.43(1/3): p.179-182. (1995)Paper presented at the international symposium "Fertilizers and the Environment" held September 26-29, 1994,Salamanca, Spain.Descriptors: gossypium-hirsutum; organic-fertilizers; composts; sugarbeet; vinasse; agricultural-byproducts;residues; mixtures; composting; application-to-land; application-rates; crop-yield; crop-quality; fiber-quality;plant-composition; petioles; nitrate- nitrogen; nitrogen-content; compost-residue-mixtures; cocompostingAbstract: A concentrated depotassified beet vinasse was mixed with each of ten solid agricultural residues. Theten mixtures were composted for 7 months. The composts obtained after this period were used to fertilize acotton crop. A mineral treatment was used for comparison and a treatment without fertilization was used as control. The nitrate content of petiole determinedbefore the first top dressing revealed significant differences between treatments. All treatments produced higheryields than the control. Analysis of fibre quality did not show significant differences between treatments.

60.NAL Call No.: S541.5.L8L34Cotton gin trash compost as a media component for production of bell pepper transplants.Buckley, B.; Pee, K. C. LAES-mimeo-ser (88): p.46-47. (1994 Feb.)In the series analytic: Vegetable research report--1993 / edited by R.P. Bracy.Descriptors: cotton-gin-trash; composts; capsicum-annuum; peat; perlite; transplanting; louisiana


61.NAL Call No.: S541.5.L8L34Cotton gin trash compost as a media component for production of broccoli and cabbage transplants.Buckley, B.; Pee, K. C. LAES-mimeo-ser (88): p.4-5. (1994 Feb.)In the series analytic: Vegetable research report--1993 / edited by R.P. Bracy.Descriptors: cotton-gin-trash; composts; brassica-oleracea-var; -italica; brassica- oleracea-var.-capitata; peat;perlite; growth; transplanting; louisiana

62.NAL Call No.: S541.5.L8L34Cotton gin trash compost as a media component for production of tomato transplants.Buckley, B.; Pee, K. C. LAES-mimeo-ser (88): p.60-61. (1994 Feb.)In the series analytic: Vegetable research report--1993 / edited by R.P. Bracy.Descriptors: cotton-gin-trash; composts; lycopersicon-esculentum; transplanting; peat; perlite; louisiana

63.NAL Call No.: SB435.5.A645Creating a healthy root zone.Downer, J.; Faber, B. A. Arbor-age v.14(8): p.8-10. (1994 Aug.)Includes references.Descriptors: trees; tending; composts; soil-amendments; mulches; organic-matter

64.NAL Call No.: 56.9-So32Crop production with mushroom compost.Rhoads, F. M.; Olson, S. M. Proc-Soil-Crop-Sci-Soc-Fla. [S.l.] : Soil and Crop Science Society of Florida (54):p.53-57 (1995)Meeting held September 21-23, 1994, Daytona Beach Shores, Florida.Descriptors: zea-mays; lycopersicon-esculentum; cucurbita-pepo; phaseolus- vulgaris; pennisetum-americanum;mushroom-compost; application-rates; application-date; residual-effects; npk-fertilizers; nitrogen-fertilizers;crop-yield; nitrogen-content; phosphorus; potassium-nutrient-content; plant-composition; soil; soil-fertility;nutrient-availability; optimization; spent-mushroom-compost

65.NAL Call No.: TD930.A32Cucumber cultivation on some wastes during their aerobic composting.Kostov, O.; Tzvetkov, Y.; Kaloianova, N.; Cleemput, O. v. Bioresour-technol v.53(3): p.237-242. (1995)Includes references.Descriptors: cucumis-sativus; agricultural-wastes; composting; composts; growing-media; greenhouse-culture;waste-utilizationAbstract: Composting waste from vine branches, flax residues and grape prunings, husks and seeds was assessedas a technique to produce a medium for cucumber production under glasshouse conditions. The composts were

treated with N, P, K, Cu, Mg, Fe and marble at the very beginning of the composting. During the growingperiod, the composts maintained a higher temperature in the root zone, a higher CO2 production and a highermicrobial biomass C level than the manured soil. They also released nutrients in accordance with the plantdemands. The nitrate concentration in fresh fruits was significantly lower in the compost treatments than in themanured soil. Fruit production on the composts started 10-12 days earlier and the compost treatments showed asignificantly higher yield (six times higher for the first month and 48- 79% for the whole period). This simpletechnology had better economics than the use of manured soil.

66.NAL Call No.: SB998.N4N4Cultural practices improve crop tolerance to nematodes.McSorley, R.; Gallaher, R. N. Nematropica v.25(1): p.53-60. (1995 June)Includes references.Descriptors: cucurbita-pepo; abelmoschus-esculentus; meloidogyne-incognita; paratrichodorus-minor;pratylenchus; criconemella; plant-parasitic- nematodes; composts; population-density; crop-establishment; crop-yield; cultural-control; nematode-control; efficacy; florida

67.NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58Cumulative effect of annual additions of MSW compost on the yield of field-grown tomatoes.Maynard, A. A. Compost-sci-util v.3(2): p.47-54. (1995 Spring)Includes references.Descriptors: lycopersicon-esculentum; composts; refuse; application-to-land; application-rates; residual-effects; crop-yield; yield- components; soil-ph;soil-organic-matter; nitrate-nitrogen; nitrogen-content; nutrient-availability; seasonal-variation; municipal-solid-waste-compost

68.NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58Cumulative effect of annual additions of undecomposed leaves and compost on the yield of field-grownpeppers.Maynard, A. A. Compost-sci-util v.4(2): p.81-88. (1996 Spring)Includes references.Descriptors: capsicum; spodosols; incepti-sols; leaves; composts; application-to- land; application-date; spring;autumn; crop-yield; yield- components; soil-ph; ammonium- nitrogen; nitrate-nitrogen; phosphorus; potassium;calcium; magnesium; soil-organic-matter; decomposition; phenols; phytotoxicity; long-term-experiments;connecticut; undecomposed- versus-composted-leaves

69.NAL Call No.: S590.C63Cumulative effects of sludge compost on crop yields and soil properties.Bevacqua, R. F.; Mellano, V. J. Commun-soil-sci-plant-anal v.25(3/4): p.395-406. (1994)Includes references.Descriptors: allium-cepa; lactuca-sativa; festuca-arundinacea; festuca-arundinacea; sewage-sludge; composts;application-rates; timing; spring; autumn; stand-establishment; crop- yield; plant-tissues; heavy-metals; soil;nutrient-content; soil-ph; salts-in-soil; soil-organic- matter; eucalyptus; litter-plant; growth; suppression

70.NAL Call No.: S1.M57Decentralized composting for a high-density nation.Brinton, R. B.; Brinton, W. F. Jr. Small-farm-today v.11(5): p.48-49. (1994 Oct.)Descriptors: composting; regionalization; utilization; composts; quality; germany

71.NAL Call No.: RA1270.P35A1

Degradation of chloroneb, triadimefon, and vinclozolin in soil, thatch, and grass clippings.Frederick, E. K.; Bischoff, M.; Throssell, C. S.; Turco, R. F. Bull-environ-contam- toxicol v.53(4): p.536-542.(1994 Oct.)Includes references.Descriptors: chloroneb; triadimefon; vinclozolin; fungicide-residues; degradation; soil; thatch; lawns-and-turf;grass-clippings; composts

72.NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734Demonstrating the use of compost.Feinbaum, R. Biocycle v.37(1): p.76. (1996 Jan.)Descriptors: gardening; organic-culture; composts; waste-utilization; gardens; educational-methods; england;demonstration-gardens

73.NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734Demonstration plant to compost food waste.Gould, M.; Leege, P. Biocycle v.35(6): p.59. (1994 June)Descriptors: food-wastes; composting; waste-utilization; korea-republic

74.NAL Call No.: SB249.N6Developing markets for composted gin waste.Truhett, C. Proc-Beltwide-Cotton-Conf. Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America v.1:p.609 (1994)Meeting held January 5-8, San Diego, California.Descriptors: cotton-gin-trash; cotton-waste; composts; waste-utilization; marketing-techniques

75.NAL Call No.: 1.9-P69PDevelopment of suppressiveness to disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani in soils amended with compostedand noncomposted manure.Voland, R. P.; Epstein, A. H. Plant-dis. [St. Paul, Minn., American Phytopathological Society] v.78 (5): p.461-466 (1994 May)Includes references.Descriptors: leguminosae; raphanus-sativus; rhizoctonia-solani; damping-off; plant-disease-control; cultural-control; suppressive-soils; cattle-manure; composts; straw; litter; urea; disease-resistance; incidence; yields;infestation; seedling-emergence; iowa; disease- severity; disease-incidence


76.NAL Call No.: TD796.5.D56--1994Dioxins in biocompost. Dioxine im Biokompost : Veroffentlichung der Ergebnisse des Workshops"Neubildung von Dioxinen wahrend des Kompostierungsprozesses" am 17./18. Februar 1994 imHessischen Umweltministerium, Wiesbaden und des Protokolls zum Fachgesprach "Bedeutungorganischer Schadstoffe in Komposten hinsichtlich der Verwertung in Landwirtschaft und Gartenbau"am 28. Februar 1994 an der Landtechnik, Weihenstephan.Fiedler, H. 124p. (Eco-Informa Press, Bayreuth, 1994)Includes bibliographical references.Descriptors: compost-congresses; dioxins-congresses; pollutants-congresses

77.NAL Call No.: S631.F422Dissolution of phosphate rock during the composting of poultry manure: an incubation experiment.Mahimairaja, S.; Bolan, N. S.; Hedley, M. J. Fertil-res v.40(2): p.93-104. (1994)Includes references.Descriptors: composting; poultry-manure; rock-phosphate; mixtures; phosphorus; solubility; determination;amendments; calcium; sulfur; ph; composts; ammonium-nitrogen; nitrate-nitrogen; nitrogen-contentAbstract: Dissolution of phosphate rocks (PRs) during composting with poultry manure was examined using aradioactive 32p labelled synthetic francolite and North Carolina phosphate rock (NCPR) through laboratoryincubation experiments. Francolite or NCPR was mixed with different poultry manure composts at a rateequivalent to 5 mg P g-1 and the dissolution was measured after 60 and 120 days incubation by a sequentialphosphorus (P) fractionation procedure. The use of 32p labelled francolite showed that in manure systems, PRdissolution can be measured more accurately from the increases in NaOH extractable P (deltaNaOH-P) thanfrom the decreases in HCl extractable P (deltaHCl-P) in the PR treated manure over the control. The dissolutionmeasurements showed that approximately 8 to 20% of francolite and 27% of NCPR dissolved during incubationwith poultry manure composts in the presence of various amendments. Addition of elemental sulphur (Sdegrees) to the compost enhanced the dissolution of PRs. The results provide no evidence for the beneficialeffect of protons (H+), produced during the nitrification of NH4+ in manure composts, on PR dissolution. Thelow level of dissolution of PR in poultry manure composts was attributed mainly to the high concentration (4.8X 10(-2) mol L-1) of calcium (Ca2+) in manure solution.

78.NAL Call No.: TD794.5.I56-- 1994Down to earth composting of municipal green wastes. Down to earth composting.Institute of Wastes Management (Great Britain). Scientific and Technical Committee. 34 p. (IWM BusinessServices, Northampton, England, 1994)Cover title.Descriptors: compost; recycling-waste,-etc; organic-wastes

79.NAL Call No.: S539.5.J68Economic feasibility of using composted manure on irrigated grain sorghum.Williams, J. R.; Diebel, P. L.; Berends, P. T.; Schlegel, A. J. J-prod-agric v.7(3): p.323-327. (1994 July-1994Sept.)Includes references.Descriptors: sorghum-bicolor; irrigated-stands; animal-manures; composts; nitrogen-fertilizers; application-rates; crop-yield; economic-analysis; feasibility; costs; returns; kansas

80.NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58Effect of annual amendments of compost on nitrate leaching in nursery stock.Maynard, A. A. Compost-sci-util v.2(3): p.54-55. (1994 Summer)Paper presented at the Spent Mushroom Substrate symposium, March 11-14, 1994, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.Descriptors: refuse-compost; application-rates; nitrate-nitrogen; leaching; groundwater; water-quality; soil-amendments; waste-utilization

81.NAL Call No.: 448.3-Ap5Effect of compost on rhizosphere microflora of the tomato and on the incidence of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria.Brito Alvarez, M. A. d.; Gagne, S.; Antoun, H. Appl-environ-microbiol v.61(1): p.194-199. (1995 Jan.)Includes references.Descriptors: lycopersicon-esculentum; soil-fungi; soil-bacteria; soil-flora; actinomycetales; rhizosphere;composts; iaa; biosynthesis; siderophores; drug-resistance; antibiotics; phosphates; fungal-antagonists; plant-

pathogenic-fungi; phosphate- solubilizationAbstract: Four commercial composts were added to soil to study their effect on plant growth, total rhizospheremicroflora, and incidence of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in the rhizosphere of tomato plants.Three of the compost treatments significantly improved plant growth, while one compost treatment significantlydepressed it. Compost amendments caused only small variations in the total numbers of bacteria, actinomycetes,and fungi in the rhizosphere of tomato plants. A total of 709 bacteria were isolated from the four composttreatments and the soil control to determine the percentage of PGPR in each treatment. The PGPR testsmeasured antagonism to soilborne root pathogens, production of indoleacetic acid, cyanide, and siderophores,phosphate solubilization, and intrinsic resistance to antibiotics. Our results show that the addition of somecomposts to soil increased the incidence in the tomato rhizosphere of bacteria exhibiting antagonism towards Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici, Pyrenochaeta lycopersici, Pythium ultimum,and Rhizoctonia solani. The antagonistic effects observed were associated with marked increases in thepercentage of siderophore producers. No significant differences were observed in the percentage of cyanogens,whereas the percentages of phosphate solubilizers and indoleacetic acid producers were affected, respectively,by one and two compost treatments. Intrinsic resistance to antibiotics was only marginally different among therhizobacterial populations. Our results suggest that compost may stimulate the proliferation of antagonists in therhizosphere and confirm previous reports indicating that the use of composts in container media has the potential to protect plants from soilborne root pathogens.

82.NAL Call No.: SB599.C8Effect of compost water extracts on grey mould (Botrytis cinerea).Elad, Y.; Shtienberg, D. Crop-prot v.13(2): p.109-114. (1994 Mar.)Includes references.Descriptors: lycopersicon-esculentum; capsicum-annuum; vitis-vinifera; botrytis- cinerea; plant-pathogenic-fungi; composts; extracts; chemical- composition; mineral-content; fungus-control; biological-control

83.NAL Call No.: S592.7.A1S6Effect of composting on short-term transformations in soil of 15N-labelled plant residues.Crippa, L.; Zaccheo, P. Soil-biol-biochem v.27(2): p.247-250. (1995 Feb.)Includes references.Descriptors: soil-flora; biological-activity-in-soil; organic-amendments; lolium- perenne; plant-residues;composts; ammonium-nitrogen; nitrate- nitrogen; ammonium-sulfate; mineralization; nitrogen; isotope-labeling;stable-isotopes

84.NAL Call No.: S605.5.B5Effect of different organic manures and garden waste compost on the nitrate dynamics in soil, N uptakeand yield of winter wheat.Berner, A.; Scherrer, D.; Niggli, U. Biol-agric-hortic v.11(1/4): p.289-300. (1995)Paper presented at a workshop on Nitrate Leaching in Ecological Agriculture held October 1993, Copenhagen,Denmark.Descriptors: triticum-aestivum; winter-wheat; farmyard-manure; composts; slurries; nitrogen; nutrient-sources; npk-fertilizers; top-dressings; mineralization; nutrient-availability; nutrient-uptake;crop-growth-stage; nitrogen-content; soil-water; crop-yield; grain; dry-matter- accumulation; wheat-straw;growth-rate; switzerland; organic-versus-inorganic-fertilizers

85.NAL Call No.: TD930.A32Effect of humic substances from vine-canes mature compost on tomato seedling growth.Lulakis, M. D.; Petsas, S. I. Bioresour-technol v.54(2): p.179-182. (1995)Includes references.Descriptors: composts; vitis-vinifera; canes-and-rattans; sodium-humate; humic- acids; fulvic-acids;

lycopersicon-esculentum; seedlings; shoots; roots- ; growthAbstract: Humic substances extracted from vine-cane mature compost with a solution of 0.1 M Na4P2O7 plus0.1 M NaOH and separated into humates (SH), humic (HA) and fulvic (FA) acid according to their solubility inacid and alkaline solutions, were purified and tested for their effects on growth of tomato seedlings. The humicsubstances were beneficial to shoot- and root-growth at intermediate concentrations (100-300 ppm), butinhibitory at high concentrations 1000-2000 ppm). The beneficial effects of humic substances were highest forshoot development; the highest optimum range of concentration was with FA and the lowest with HA.

86.NAL Call No.: 23-Au792Effect of inoculating fungi into compost on growth of tomato and compost microflora.Sivapalan, A.; Morgan, W. C.; Franz, P. R. Aust-j-exp-agric v.34(4): p.541-548. (1994)Includes references.Descriptors: lycopersicon-esculentum; growth-rate; plant-height; dry-matter; weight; leaf-area; flowers; fruits;composts; growing-media; acremonium; chaetomium- globosum; gliocladium-roseum; trichoderma-hamatum;biological-control-agents; population- density; microbial- flora; acremonium-butyri; zygorrhynchus-moelleri

87.NAL Call No.: S590.C63Effect of peat moss-shrimp wastes compost on the growth of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) on a loamysand soil.Hountin, J. A.; Karam, A.; Parent, L. E.; Isfan, D. Commun-soil-sci-plant-anal v.26(19/20): p.3275-3289. (1995)Includes references.Descriptors: hordeum-vulgare; sandy-soils; composts; peat; shrimps; fish-scrap; fertilizers; mixtures;application-rates; growth; plant-height; yield- components; plant- composition; nutrient-content; crop-yield;grain; straw; yields; organic-versus-inorganic- fertilizersAbstract: A greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine the effect of peat moss-shrimp wastes composton barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grown on a limed loamy sand soil. A control, four rates of compost appliedalone and in combination with three rates of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) chemical fertilizer wereevaluated. Applications of compost to limed soil substantially enhanced the growth of barley over the control.When considering all treatments, the main effect of compost rates on straw yield, numbers of tillers, plantheight, and number of ears was more important than that of fertilizer. A significant interaction on barley growthparameter values was obtained with compost and fertilizer rates. A combination of moderate application ofcompost and fertilizer gave in some instances, more yield than compost or fertilizer applied alone. Nutrientcontent of barley increased with rate of compost applied to soil over the control. A significant relationship wasfound between soil organic carbon (C) and straw yield, number of tillers, plant height and number of earswhereas grain yield was correlated with soil total N. Results from this study indicate that peat moss- shrimpwastes compost could represent a potential means of renovating low fertility sand soils.

88.NAL Call No.: S605.5.A43The effect of rock phosphate-enriched compost on the yield and phosphorus nutrition of rye grass.Singh, C. P.; Amberger, A. Am-J-altern-agric. Greenbelt, MD : Henry A. Wallace Institute for AlternativeAgriculture. v.10(2): p.82-87 (1995 Spring)Includes references.Descriptors: lolium-perenne; calcareous-soils; clay-loam-soils; composts; mixtures; wheat-straw; rock-phosphate; nutrient-sources; comparisons; superphosphate; phosphorus; nutrient-availability; solubility; plant-nutrition; plant-composition; nutrient-content; dry-matter-accumulation; nutrient-uptake; mussoorie-rock-phosphate; hyper-rock-phosphate; soil-phosphorus-fractionsAbstract: We evaluated the effect of compost enriched with rock phosphate on the yield and phosphate nutritionof rye grass in a calcareous clay loam soil. Enriched compost was prepared by composting either Mussoorie rockphosphate (MP) or Hyper rock phosphate (HP) separately with wheat straw for up to 120 days. A significantamount of insoluble P was solubilized by both kinds of rock phosphates and converted to water soluble, organic,and formic acid soluble P fractions during composting. MP-enriched compost (MPEC) and HP-enriched

compost (HPEC) contain 0.30% and 0.34% water soluble P2O5, 1.94% and 1.42% organic P2O5, 2.82% and3.28% formic acid soluble P2O5, and 1.76% and 1.18% insoluble P2O5, respectively. In a greenhouse study, theyield of rye grass (three cuttings) with both enriched composts was not significantly different from that of singlesuperphosphate fertilizer (SSP). Phosphorus fractions of soil before sowing and after harvesting the rye grassshowed that fixation of P with native soil calcium was much higher with SSP than with enriched composts. Nosignificant differences were observed between MRP and HRP.

89.NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58Effect of straw composting on the degradation and stabilization of chlorophenols in soil.Benoit, P.; Barriuso, E. Compost-sci-util v.3(3): p.31-37. (1995 Summer)Paper presented at the symposium on the Biogeochemistry of Compost held August 1994 as part of the 36thRocky Mountain Conference.Descriptors: polluted-soils; 2,4-dichlorophenol; chlorinated-hydrocarbons; pesticide-residues; immobilization;soil-organic-matter; wheat-straw; humification; composts; biodegradation; transformation; soil-flora; biological-activity-in-soil; 4-chlorophenol; biological- transformation

90.NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82Effect of volatile substances released from olive tree leave compost on the vegetative growth ofRhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici.Tavoularis, K.; Papadaki, A.; Manios, V. Acta-hortic (382): p.183-186. (1995 Feb.)Paper presented at the Fourth International Symposium on Soil and Substrate Infestation and Disinfestation,September 6-12, 1993, Leuven, Belgium.Descriptors: composts; volatile-compounds; rhizoctonia-solani; fusarium- oxysporum-f; sp -lycopersici; plant-pathogenic-fungi; hyphae; growth; inhibition; fungus- control; biological-control; efficacy


91.NAL Call No.: QL391.N4J62Effect of yard waste compost on plant-parasitic nematode densities in vegetable crops.McSorley, R.; Gallaher, R. N. J-nematol v.27(45): p.545-549. (1995 Dec.)Includes references.Descriptors: zea-mays; vigna-unguiculata; cucurbita-pepo; abelmoschus- esculentus; plant-parasitic-nematodes;composts; nematode-control; cultural- control; population-density; mulching; incorporation; crop-yield; floridaAbstract: The effects of yard-waste compost on densities of plant-parasitic nematodes were determined on fourcrops at two sites in north Florida. Separate experiments were conducted with sweet corn (Zea mays), cowpea(Vigna unguiculata), yellow squash (Cucurbita pepo), and okra (Hibiscus esculentus). In each test, the designwas a randomized complete block replicated four times and involving three treatments: 269 mt/ha yard-wastecompost applied to the soil surface as a mulch, 269 mt/ha compost incorporated into the soil, and an unamendedcontrol. Final population densities of Criconemella spp. and Meloidogyne incognita were lower in plotsreceiving a compost treatment than in unamended control plots in only one of eight tests (P less than or equal to0.05). Final densities of Paratrichodorus minor, Pratylenchus spp., and Xiphinema spp. were unaffected bycompost treatment in all tests (P > 0.10). Vegetable yields were either unaffected by treatment or, in some tests,were lowest following the mulch treatment (P less than or equal to 0.10). Results indicate that the yard-wastecompost used had little effect on densities of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with short- term (ca. 4months) vegetable crops.

92.NAL Call No.: TD930.A32

Effects of compost stability on plant growth, microbiological parameters and nitrogen availability inmedia containing mixed garden-waste compost.Keeling, A. A.; Griffths, B. S.; Ritz, K.; Myers, M. Bioresour-technol v.54(3): p.279-284. (1995)Includes references.Descriptors: refuse; composts; agricultural-wastes; litter-plant; lolium-perenne; growth; nitrogen-metabolism;nitrogen; nutrient-availability; microbiology; age; stability; compost-ageAbstract: Garden waste was composted over a number of weeks in a windrow, and fumed regularly to maintainaerobic conditions. The physical parameters of the composting material were measured, and at 1, 2, 3 and 4weeks of processing samples were removed and incorporated into growth media. Ryegrass was grown over 1year and harvested regularly for measurement of dry matter and N content. In addition, compost samples wereremoved and the microfauna and total microbial biomass quantified. It was shown that the younger composts (1and 2 week processing) gave higher dry matter and N yields. The young compost (1 week) containedsignificantly higher protozoan (especially ciliate) biomass than the older (4 week) compost, over the entireexperimental period.

93.NAL Call No.: SB952.B75I57-1995Effects of composts on suppression of soil-borne plant diseases.Millner, P. D.; Ringer, C. H. 1995 Annual International Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternativesand Emissions Reductions / International Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and EmissionsReductions p.22/1-22/2. (1995)Meeting held on November 6-8, 1995, San Diego, California.Descriptors: plant-pathogenic-fungi; soil-bacteria; plant-disease-control; cultural- methods; composts; waste-utilization; low-input-agriculture; cultural- weed-control; vector-borne-diseases

94.NAL Call No.: 442.8-An72The effects of domestic compost upon the germination and emergence of barley and six arable weeds.Ligneau, L. A. M.; Watt, T. A. Ann-appl-biol v.126(1): p.153-162. (1995 Feb.)Includes references.Descriptors: hordeum-vulgare; agrostis-stolonifera; avena-fatua; chenopodium- album; galium-aparine; poa-annua; stellaria-media; composts; leachates- ; seed-germination; seedling-emergence; depth; light; weed-control;household-composts

95.NAL Call No.: TD172.A7Effects of fertilizer on insecticides adsorption and biodegradation in crop soils.Rouchard, J.; Thirion, A.; Wauters, A.; Steene, F. v. de.; Benoit, F.; Ceustermans, N.; Gillet, J.; Marchand, S.;Vanparys, L. Arch-environ-contam-toxicol. New York, Springer-Verlag v.31(1): p.98-106 (1996 July)Includes references.Descriptors: cattle-manure; pig-slurry; green-manures; crop-residues; composts; aldicarb; thiofanox;insecticides; adsorption; persistence; half-life; soil-organic-matter; beta- vulgaris; beta-vulgaris-var; -saccharifera; belgium; imidacloprid

96.NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58Effects of humic acids extracted from mined lignite or composted vegetable residues on plant growth andsoil microbial populations.Valdrighi, M. M.; Pera, A.; Scatena, S.; Agnolucci, M.; Vallini, G. Compost-sci- util v.31(1): p.30-38. (1995Winter)Includes references.Descriptors: humates; sources; comparisons; composts; vegetables; food-wastes; humus; cichorium-intybus;biomass-production; soil-flora; populations; biological-activity-in- soil; population-dynamics; green-composts

97.NAL Call No.: SB319.2.F6F56Effects of municipal solid waste compost and trench depth on papaya (Carica papaya L.) yield and fruitquality.Basso Figuera, C.; Schaffer, B.; Crane, J. H.; Colls, A. M.; Bryan, H. H. Proc-annu-meet- Fla-State-Hort-Soc.[S.l.] : The Society v.107:p.334-337 (1995 June)Meeting held October 30-November 1, 1994, Orlando, Florida.Descriptors: carica-papaya; solid-wastes; refuse; composts; waste-utilization; application-rates; soil-amendments; trenching; depth; crop-yield; precocity; fruiting; crop- quality; fruits

98.NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58Effects of turning frequency, leaves to grass mix ratio and windrow vs. pile configuration on thecomposting of yard trimmings.Michel, F. C. Jr.; Forney, L. J.; Huang, A. J. F.; Drew, S.; Czuprenski, M.; Lindeberg, J. D.; Reddy, C. A.Compost-sci-util v.4(1): p.26-43. (1996 Winter)Includes references.Descriptors: composting; yards; wastes; litter-plant; leaves; grass-clippings; mixtures; ratios; windrows; mixing;frequency; composts; temperature; oxygen; concentration; ph; organic-matter; moisture-content; fatty-acids;volatile-compounds; bulk-density; stability; humification; nutrient-content; nutrient-availability; particle-size;distribution; seed-germination; indexes; compost-quality

99.NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82Effects of various growing media on eggplant and pepper seedling quality.Eltez, R. Z.; Gul, A.; Tuzel, Y. Acta-hortic (366): p.257-264. (1994 Aug.)Paper presented at the Second Symposium on Protected Cultivation of Solanacea in Mild Winter Climates, April13-16, 1993, Adana, Turkey.Descriptors: solanum-melongena; capsicum; growing-media; seedlings; composts; turkey

100.NAL Call No.: QR1.M562Effects of water extracts of a composted manure-straw mixture on the plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea.McQuilken, M. P.; Whipps, J. M.; Lynch, J. M. World-j-microbiol-biotechnol v.10(1): p.20-26. (1994 Jan.)Includes references.Descriptors: botrytis-cinerea; plant-pathogenic-fungi; composts; wheat-straw; extracts; incubation-duration;actinomycetales; bacteria; fungi; yeasts- ; efficacy; filtration; autoclaving; conidia; germination; inhibition;biological-control; plant-disease-control; filamentous-fungi

101.NAL Call No.: SB1.J66Efficacy of three nitrogen and phosphorus sources in container-grown azalea production.Warren, S. L.; Bilderback, T. E.; Tyler, H. H. J-environ-hortic v.13(3): p.147-151. (1995 Sept.)Includes references.Descriptors: rhododendron; container-grown-plants; slow-release-fertilizers; npk- fertilizers; top-dressings;composts; poultry-manure; effluents; leaching; nutrient-uptake; north- carolina

102.NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82Enriched zeolite as a substrate component in the production of pepper and tomato seedlings.Markovic, V.; Takac, A.; Ilin, Z. Acta-hortic (396): p.321-328. (1995 Mar.)Paper presented at the XXIVth International Horticultural Congress on Hydroponics and Transplant Production,August 21-27, 1994, Kyoto, Japan.Descriptors: capsicum-annuum; lycopersicon-esculentum; zeolites; composts; peat; mixtures; seedling-culture;container-grown-plants

103.NAL Call No.: S592.17.A73A74Enzymatic activities in a soil amended with organic wastes at semiarid field conditions.Diaz Marcote, I.; Polo, A.; Ceccanti, B. Arid-soil-res-rehabil v.9(3): p.317-325. (1995 July-1995 Sept.)Includes references.Descriptors: soil-enzymes; enzyme-activity; semiarid-soils; hordeum-vulgare; composts; sewage-sludge;fertilizers; cattle-manure; crop-growth-stage

104.NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734EPA streamlines biosolids management programs.Goldstein, N. Biocycle v.36(7): p.58-60. (1995 July)Descriptors: sewage-sludge; composts; waste-utilization; regulations; programs; public-agencies;environmental-protection-agency

105.NAL Call No.: SB319.2.F6F56Establishment of an evergreen high density blueberry planting in southwest Florida.Reeder, R. K.; Darnell, R. L.; Obreza, T. A. Proc-annu-meet-Fla-State-Hort-Soc. [S.l.] : The Society v.107:p.326-328 (1995 June)Meeting held October 30-November 1, 1994, Orlando, Florida.Descriptors: vaccinium; high-density-planting; crop-establishment; nitrogen- fertilizers; application-rates;dormancy; composts; solid-wastes; refuse; peat; soil-amendments; soil-fertility; soil-ph; growth-rate; plant-height; florida


106.NAL Call No.: S590.C63Estimation of phosphorus availability in composts and compost/peat mixtures by different extractionmethods.Alt, D.; Peters, I.; Fokken, H. Commun-soil-sci-plant-anal v.25(11/12): p.2063- 2080. (1994)Includes references.Descriptors: dendranthema; phosphorus; nutrient-availability; determination; composts; peat; mixtures; testing;extraction; extractants; comparisonsAbstract: A trial was carried out with compost and compost/peat mixtures to test several extraction methods forthe estimation of availability of phosphorus (P). The test plant was Dendranthema grandiflorum. All compostshad a high pH and salt content. Amounts of P extracted by different extraction methods decreased in the order:Formate > CAL > NH4-acetate > CaCl2/DTPA > CaCl2. Dilution of compost with peat decreased pH andincreased availability of P. The better availability of P caused by dilution with peat was not reflected by theFormate-, CAL-, and NH4-acetate method. These acid and well-buffered extraction solutions overestimate P,and are therefore not suited to estimate availability of P in composts and compost/peat mixtures. Weakextraction solutions, like CaCl2 and CaCl2/DTPA, gave results which showed a good correlation with P contentof plants and P uptake. The advantage of the latter method compared with CaCl2 is the extraction of amounts ofP comparable to amounts taken up by the plants. Therefore, of all the extraction methods tested, theCaCl2/DTPA method showed the best suitability to estimate the availability of P in composts and compost/peatmixtures.

107.NAL Call No.: SB319.2.F6F56Evaluation of a yard waste compost as a potting medium amendment for production of potted Ageratum.

MacCubbin, T. J.; Henley, R. W. Proc-annu-meet-Fla-State-Hort-Soc. [S.l.] : The Society v.106:p.302-305 (1994May)Meeting held October 19-21, 1993, Miami Beach, Florida.Descriptors: ageratum; growing-media; agricultural-wastes; peat; shading; growth; florida

108.NAL Call No.: S590.C63Evaluation of ammonium and soluble salts on grass sod production in compost. I. Addition of ammoniumor nitrate salts.O'Brien, T. A.; Barker, A. V. Commun-soil-sci-plant-anal v.27(1/2): p.57-76. (1996)Includes references.Descriptors: lolium-perenne; seed-germination; seedling-growth; phytotoxicity; composts; growing-media;ammonium-sulfate; calcium-nitrate; ammonium-nitrogen; nitrate- nitrogen; electrical-conductivity; salinity;stability; compost-maturityAbstract: Inhibitions in seed germination and in plant growth in some composts have been associated with highconcentrations of ammonium or soluble salts in the media. This experiment was conducted to determine changesin ammonium and soluble salts in fertilizer- amended compost with time and their impacts on plant growth.Turfgrass (Lolium perenne L.) was seeded into an ammonium-depleted municipal solid waste (MSW) or leafcomposts or into MSW or leaf composts with 1,500 or 2,300 mg N/kg (dry weight) from (NH4)2SO4 orCa(NO3)2 added to simulate immature composts. Seeding occurred on the day that the composts were treatedand applied to flats. Ammonium-nitrogen (N) and nitrate-N concentrations and electrical conductivity weremeasured on the day of seeding and after 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Germination or growth was assessed after 7,14, 21, and 28 days. Ammonium-N in the compost declined with time, whereas nitrate-N and electricalconductivity initially increased then decreased with time. Ammonium-N from (NH4)2SO4 added to the compostdeclined by half within seven days, and as the compost ammonium-N declined, germination and growth of grassincreased. Electrical conductivity indicated that initial soluble salt levels in the composts with 1,500 or 2,300 mgN/kg from Ca(NO3)2 were sufficient to inhibit seed germination and plant growth. In composts with 1,150 mgN/kg from Ca(NO3)2, germination and growth of grass improved after 14 days, whereas growth in compostswith 2,300 mg N/kg from Ca(NO3)2 was inhibited for at least 28 days. Ammonium salts appear to be lost fromthe compost more rapidly than nitrate salts, which have a prolonged inhibitory effect on germination and growth.

109.NAL Call No.: S590.C63Evaluation of ammonium and soluble salts on grass sod production in compost. II. Delaying seeding aftercompost application.O'Brien, T. A.; Barker, A. V. Commun-soil-sci-plant-anal v.27(1/2): p.77-85. (1996)Includes references.Descriptors: lolium-perenne; composts; growing-media; stability; ammonium- sulfate; ammonium-nitrogen;nitrate-nitrogen; electrical-conductivity; ph; sowing-date; seed- germination; seedling-growth; inhibition;phytotoxicity; compost-maturityAbstract: In some composts, seed germination and plant growth have been inhibited by high concentrations ofammonium or soluble salts. Ammonium and salt concentrations in media decrease with time after application toland or placement in containers for growth of plants. This study was conducted to determine if ammonium orsoluble salt problems could be avoided by delaying seeding after compost application. Turfgrass (Loliumperenne L.) was seeded into municipal solid waste (MSW) compost depleted of ammonium during storage andinto this compost with 1,150 or 2,300 mg ammonium-N/kg (dry weight) added from (NH4)2SO4. Seedingoccurred on the day of compost application and after 1, 3, 7, and 14 days from application. Flats of compostswere watered daily after seeding but were not watered before seeding. Ammonium-nitrogen (N) and nitrate-Nconcentrations, electrical conductivity, and pH of the compost were measured on each day of seeding.Ammonium-N, electrical conductivity, and pH for the compost declined, whereas the nitrate-N concentrationincreased with time. Delaying seeding for 14 days after compost application increased germination and clippingweights. By delaying seeding, ammonium and salt problems were minimized, apparently by the dissipation ofthe inhibitory factors by ammonia volatilization.

110.NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82 Evaluation of chemical and non-chemical treatments for the control of ginseng replant disease.Li, T. S. C. Acta-hortic (363): p.141-146. (1994 May)Paper presented at the "Third International Symposium on Replant Problems," held July 20-23, 1993, Penticton,Canada.Descriptors: panax-quinquefolius; replant-disease; seedling-emergence; plant- disease-control; enterobacter-aerogenes; dazomet; chemical-control; soil- sterilization; sewage- products; composts; organic-amendments; salix; leaves

111.NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58Evaluation of farm plot conditions and effects of fish scrap compost on yield and mineral composition offield grown maize.Brinton, Jr., W. F.; Seekins, M. D. Compost-sci-util v.2(1): p.10-16. (1994 Winter)Includes references.Descriptors: fish; composts; npk-fertilizers; zea-mays; crop-yield; plants; mineral- content; soil-analysis; maine

112.NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58Evaluation of field-applied fresh composts for production of sod crops.O'Brien, T. A.; Barker, A. V. Compost-sci-util v.3(3): p.53-65. (1995 Summer)Includes references.Descriptors: gramineae; wild-flowers; crop-production; composts; sources; refuse; sewage-sludge; wood-chips;agricultural-wastes; leaves; npk- fertilizers; application-to-land; surface-layers; mulches; incorporation; stand-establishment; weed-control; cultural-control; dry- matter- accumulation; species-diversity; crop-quality;nitrogen-content; ammonium-nitrogen; electrical-conductivity; compost-maturity; sod-production

113.NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58Evaluation of fresh and year-old solid waste composts for production of wildflower and grass sods onplastic.O'Brien, T.; Barker, A. V. Compost-sci-util v.3(4): p.69-77. (1995 Autumn)Includes references.Descriptors: composts; sources; refuse; agricultural-wastes; leaves; composting; age; evaluation; growing-media; grasses; wild-flowers; seed- germination; stand-establishment; biomass-production; flowering; sod-production; compost-quality; compost-maturity

114.NAL Call No.: QH540.J6Evaluation of nitrogen availability in irradiated sewage sludge, sludge compost and manure compost.Wen, G.; Bates, T. E.; Voroney, R. P. J-environ-qual v.24(3): p.527-534. (May- June 1995)Includes references.Descriptors: sewage-sludge; composts; animal-manures; application-rates; gamma-radiation; nitrogen;ammonium-nitrogen; availability; lactuca- indica; petunia; phaseolus-vulgaris; crop-management; crop-production; crop-yield; ontarioAbstract: A field experiment was conducted during 2 yr to determine plant availability of organic N fromorganic wastes, and effects of gamma irradiation on organic N availability in sewage sludge. The wastesinvestigated were: digested, dewatered sewage sludge (DSS), irradiated sewage sludge (DSS), irradiated,composted sewage sludge (DICSS), and composted livestock manure (CLM). The annual application rates were:10, 20, 30, and 40 Mg solids ha-1. Fertilizer N was added to the control, to which no waste was applied, as wellas to the waste applications to ensure approximately equal amounts of available N (110 kg N ha-1) for alltreatments. Lettuce (Lactuca indica L.), petunias (Petunia X hybrida Vilm.), and beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)were grown in 1990 and two cuts of lettuce were harvested in 1991. Crop yields and plant N concentrations were

measured. Assuming that crop N harvested/available N applied would be approximately equal for the controland the waste treatments, the N from organic fraction of the wastes, which is as available as that in fertilizer, wasestimated. With petunia in 1990 and the combination of first and second cut of lettuce in 1991, the percentageranged from 11.2 to 29.7 in nonirradiated sludge, 10.1 to 14.0 in irradiated sludge, 10.5 to 32.1 in sludgecompost and 10.0 to 19.7 in manure compost. Most often, the highest values were obtained with the lowestapplication rates. Yields of petunia and N concentrations in second cut lettuce in 1991 were lower with irradiated sludge than with nonirradiated sludgesuggest that the availability of organic N in digested sludge may have been reduced after irradiation. Irradiationof sludge appears to have released NH4+-N. The.availability of organic N, however, appears to have been reduced by irradiation by greater amount than theincrease in NH4+-N.

115.NAL Call No.: TD930.A32Evaluation of parameters related to chemical and agrobiological qualities of wheat- straw compostsincluding different additives.Blanco, M. J.; Almendros, G. Bioresour-technol v.51(2/3): p.125-134. (1995)Includes references.Descriptors: composts; wheat-straw; maturity; additives; organic-matter; phytotoxicity; lepidium-sativum;bioassays; seed-germination; crop-yield; lolium-rigidum; organic-additives; mineral-additivesAbstract: The chemical and agrobiological characteristics of 37 composts from wheat straw with differentadditives were evaluated through routine tests. In general, the plant yield under greenhouse conditions in soilsamended with these composts was unrelated to data from the phytotoxicity germination biotest, but with thechemical parameters reflecting selective biopolymer degradation in straw. This suggests that factors such asmicrobial immobilization of nutrients had greater influence than phytotoxic inhibitor compounds in the plantyield of the soils amended with the composts studied. Monitoring the composition of the water-soluble fractionwas also useful as regards crop yield of soils improved with compost. The factors potentially connected with thepositive or depressive effect of composts in soil were assessed through factorial design experiments involvingsuccessive harvesting, calcium carbonates and mineral fertilization. In general, mineral fertilization may lead todecreased yields in soils to which immature composts are applied. The effects on compost maturity of thedifferent by-products used as additives are discussed for the system studied.

116.NAL Call No.: QR1.C78Expression of intracellular enzymes during hyphal aggregate formation in a fruiting- impaired variant ofAgaricus bisporus.Hammond, J. B. W.; Burton, K. S. Curr-microbiol v.32(5): p.252-255. (1996 May)Includes references.Descriptors: agaricus-bisporus; mycelium; hyphae; glucose-6-phosphate- dehydrogenase; mannitol;oxidoreductases; hexokinase; enzyme-activity; growth; mushroom- compost; mannitol-dehydrogenaseAbstract: The specific activity and enzyme protein concentration of the developmentally regulated enzymeglucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) were measured in the developing aggregates and supportingmycelium of a fruiting-impaired variant strain of Agaricus bisporus. The nonregulated enzymes mannitoldehydrogenase (MD) and hexokinase (HK) were assayed for comparison. G6PD activity was higher inaggregates than in the mycelium, whereas MD and HK activities varied little between mycelium and aggregates.Enzyme protein levels varied in a way different from enzyme activity, suggesting the presence of inactiveenzyme at times during development. The raised level of G6PD in aggregates provides a possible mechanism forthe increased mannitol concentration previously observed in aggregates. There was no parallel to the rapidincrease in G6PD activity associated with primordium development of normally fruiting strains growing oncompost.

117.NAL Call No.: S590.C63Extractants for assessing plant-available phosphorus in soilless potting media.

Handreck, K. A. Commun-soil-sci-plant-anal v.26(3/4): p.329-335. (1995)Includes references.Descriptors: growing-media; pine-bark; sand; sewage-sludge; composts; rock- phosphate; bone-meal;aluminum-phosphate; iron-phosphates; phosphorus; extraction; extractants; nutrient-availability; nutrient-uptake; hakea; nutrient-content; mineral-content; hakea-leucoptera

118.NAL Call No.: S661.N55-- 1994A farmers' guide to Maryland compost regulations.Nilsson, J.; Strahl, S. D.; Pickering Creek Environmental Center. iii, 12p. (Pickering Creek EnvironmentalCenter, Easton, Md. 1994)Includes bibliographic references (p. 11-12).Descriptors: compost-maryland; agricultural-wastes-environmental-aspects- maryland; nonpoint-source-pollution-maryland-prevention

119.NAL Call No.: TD172.C54Fate of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in a simulated compost system.Pennington, J. C.; Hayes, C. A.; Myers, K. F.; Ochman, M.; Gunnison, D.; Felt, D. R.; McCormick, E. F.Chemosphere v.30(3): p.429-438. (1995 Feb.)Includes references.Descriptors: explosives; organic-nitrogen-compounds; polluted-soils; composting; microbial-degradation;chemical-reactions; carbon; isotope- labeling; radionuclides; bioremediation; microbial-transformation;degradation-products; soil-decontamination;rdx; hmx

120.NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734Feeding the lily.Biocycle v.35(6): p.42. (1994 June)Descriptors: lilium; agricultural-soils; sewage-sludge; litter-plant; composts; application-to-land; texas


121.NAL Call No.: S605.5.B5A five year study on nitrate leaching under crops fertilised with mineral and organic fertilisers inlysimeters.Leclerc, B.; Georges, P.; Cauwel, B.; Lairon, D. Biol-agric-hortic v.11(1/4): p.301- 308. (1995)Paper presented at a workshop on Nitrate Leaching in Ecological Agriculture held October 1993, Copenhagen,Denmark.Descriptors: crops; rotations; organic-fertilizers; composts; npk-fertilizers; nutrient-sources; nitrogen; losses-from-soil; leaching; nutrient-uptake; soil-fertility; france; organic-versus-inorganic-fertilizers; manure-compost;urban-compost; brushwood-compost

122.NAL Call No.: QR100.F45Flow cytometric detection of viable bacteria in compost.Diaper, J. P.; Edwards, C. FEMS-microbiol-ecol v.14(3): p.213-220. (1994 July)Includes references.Descriptors: composts; bacillus-subtilis; genetic-engineering; detection; viability; flow-cytometry; genetically-

engineered-microorganisms; compost-bacteriaAbstract: Flow cytometry employing several vital stains was used to study the colonisation of sterile compost byBacillus subtilis 168 (pAB224). The dyes used included rhodamine 123 (Rh123), carboxyfluorescein diacetate(CFDA) and chemchrome B. The results demonstrated the ability of flow cytometry to detect and enumerateviable bacteria in filtered compost extracts. Flow cytometry was also used to detect and study the viability of anindigenous compost community. Although it was possible to detect a viable bacterial population, the numbers ofviable bacteria estimated were significantly different to those estimated from cfu.

123.NAL Call No.: TX341.E5For a healthier earth, richer diet, try organic gardening.Volain, N. Environ-nutr v.18(4): p.2. (1995 Apr.)Descriptors: organic-foods; organic-farming; layout; composts

124.NAL Call No.: S590.C63Forecasting agrobiological properties of wheat straw with different additives-- multiple regression modelsincluding chemical parameters.Blanco, M. J.; Almendros, G. Commun-soil-sci-plant-anal v.26(15/16): p.2473- 2484. (1995)Includes references.Descriptors: composts; wheat-straw; quality; additives; comparisons; stability; chemical-properties; lolium-rigidum; yields; crop-growth-stage; compost-maturity; compost- qualityAbstract: The agrobiological properties of 37 composts prepared from wheat straw with a series of organic ormineral additives have been determined through standard chemical analyses and greenhouse experiments withsoils of different carbonate content and in the presence, or absence of mineral fertilization. Plant yield on soilstreated with the composts was studied in successive stages of development of rye grass (Lolium rigidum),showing significant differences that paralleled the values of a limited number of compost parameters. Undergreenhouse conditions and in the presence of mineral supply, the least matured composts led to improved plantyield only in the early harvests, decreasing thereafter which points to a behavior typical for the microbialimmobilization of the additional nutrients. The germination (phytotoxicity) index was found poorly correlatedwith the yield in the different soils, whereas the N and lignin contents provided the most significant information,the results suggesting no cause-to-effect relationship in such correlations. The multiple regression modelsshowed significant differences as regards the system studied when the limiting influence of nitrogen (N) wasreduced through additional fertilization. The most significant coefficients for the plant yield were thosereflecting the total mineralization rates of the compost, the composition of the water- soluble fraction, and theconcentration of lipids whereas, when no mineral solution was added, the yield was explained mainly by the Ncontent in compost and in water-soluble products. In successive harvests, the significance level of the compost Nlevel tended to increase, whereas that of lipid decreased, the former factor showing the greatest influence whencarbonates are present in the soil.

125.NAL Call No.: S590.C63Forms and extractability of manganese in potting media.Handreck, K. A. Commun-soil-sci-plant-anal v.26(3/4): p.317-328. (1995)Includes references.Descriptors: manganese; nutrient-availability; pine-bark; bark; composts; picea- sitchensis; pinus-radiata; peat;sawdust; rice-husks; extraction; mineral-uptake; ph; acidity; lycopersicon-esculentum; avena-sativa; extractable-manganese

126.NAL Call No.: S592.7.A1S6Germination and growth of plants in media containing unstable refuse-derived compost.Keeling, A. A.; Paton, I. K.; Mullett, J. A. J. Soil-biol-biochem v.26(6): p.767-772. (1994 June)Includes references.

Descriptors: allium-cepa; brassica-oleracea; brassica-oleracea-var; -botrytis; lactuca-sativa; lepidium-sativum;lolium-perenne; lycopersicon-esculentum; composts; stability; growing-media; seed-germination; seedling-growth; phytotoxicity; refuse; municipal-solid- waste-compostsAbstract: Refuse-derived compost (RDC) was produced by mechanical separation of organic matter fromdomestic refuse followed by a thermophilic composting phase. Fresh (unstable) compost was used in a variety ofplant growth trials. Addition of peat, sand or dolomite limestone substantially improved germination. Extendedgrowth trials showed the slow-nutrient releasing properties of RDC. With ryegrass at 6 months growth, identicaltotal yields were obtained with unamended RDC and 150 kg ml RDC in a sand-grit substrate. Phytotoxicity wasconfined to the low molecular weight (mol. wt) fraction, while the high mol. wt fraction possessed slightgrowth-stimulating properties.

127.NAL Call No.: SB1.J66Greenhouse rose production in media containing coal bottom ash.Butler, S. H.; Bearce, B. C. J-environ-hortic v.13(4): p.160-164. (1995 Dec.)Includes references.Descriptors: rosa; container-grown-plants; growing-media; soil; peat; bark; coal; ash; composts; byproducts;waste-utilization; crop-production; trace-elements; macronutrients; soil-physical-properties; industrial-byproducts

128.NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734Growing a market for biosolids compost.Biocycle v.35(11): p.69-71. (1994 Nov.)Descriptors: composts; sewage-sludge; marketing

129.NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82Growth and nutritional status of apple trees and grapevines in municipal solid- waste-amended soil.Pinamonti, F.; Zorzi, G.; Gasperi, F.; Silvestri, S.; Stringari, G. Acta-hortic (383): p.313-321. (1995 Apr.)In the series analytic: Mineral nutrition of deciduous fruit plants / edited by M. Tagliavini, G.H. Neilsen and P.Millard. 1993, Trento, Italy.Descriptors: malus-pumila; vitis-vinifera; refuse-compost; mulching; soil-fertility; soil-organic-matter; nutrient-availability; phosphorus; potassium; porosity; nutrient-uptake; mineral-uptake; nutrient-content; mineral-content; orchard-soils; vineyard-soils; vigor; crop- yield; soil-water

130.NAL Call No.: 81-SO12Growth and yields of bell pepper and winter squash grown with organic and living mulches.Roe, N. E.; Stoffella, P. J.; Bryan, H. H. J-Am-Soc-Hortic-Sci v.119(6): p.1193- 1199. (1994 Nov.)Includes references.Descriptors: capsicum-annuum; cucurbita-pepo; crop-production; live-mulches; stenotaphrum-secundatum;arachis-glabrata; organic-amendments; polyethylene; wood-chips; refuse-compost; sewage-sludge; refuse; crop-yield; application-rates; growth; soil-temperature; soil-chemistry; raised-beds; floridaAbstract: Increasing disposal problems with polyethylene (PL) mulch and greater availability of compostprompted an investigation into the effects of using compost as a mulch on horizontal raised bed surfaces withliving mulches (LMs) on vertical surfaces. Wood chips (WC), sewage sludge-yard trimming (SY) compost, andmunicipal solid waste (MW) compost were applied at 224 t.ha-1 on bed surfaces. Sod strips of 'Jade' (JD) or'Floratam' (FT) St. Augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum Kuntze) or perennial peanut (Arachis glabrataBenth.) (PP) or seeds of a small, seed-propagated forage peanut (Arachis sp.) (SP) were established on thevertical sides of the raised beds before transplanting bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) into the beds.Phytophthora capsici reduced pepper plant stand in PL-mulched plots compared with organic mulch (OM) andLM. Despite the stand reduction, total pepper yields were highest in PL plots and, in the OM plots, decreased inthe order SY > MW > WC. Early fruit yields and yield per plant were highest from plants in PL plots followed

by SY. Among LMs, plants in SP plots produced highest early yields and FT produced the lowest. Plants in PLplots produced the largest fruit. When the same plots were seeded with winter (butternut) squash (Cucurbitapepo L.), plant stands were higher in MW than WC and SY. Squash yields were similar between PL and OMplots.

131.NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58Growth of Rhododendron, Rudbeckia and Thujia and the leaching of nitrates as affected by the pH ofpotting media amended with biosolids compost.Bugbee, G. J. Compost-sci-util v.4(1): p.53-59. (1996 Winter)Includes references.Descriptors: rhododendron; rudbeckia; thuja; growing-media; composts; sewage- sludge; yards; wastes;application-rates; ph; nitrogen-content; ammonium-nitrogen; nitrate- nitrogen; leaching; nitrate; growth; dry-matter-accumulation

132.NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58Growth of Rudbeckia and leaching of nitrates in potting media amended with composted coffeeprocessing residue, municipal solid waste and sewage sludge.Bugbee, G. J. Compost-sci-util v.2(1): p.72-79. (1994 Winter)Includes references.Descriptors: rudbeckia-hirta; growth; leaching; nitrates; growing-media; amendments; composts; coffee; processing; residues; solid- wastes; refuse;sewage-sludge; wood-chips; wood-ash; liquid-fertilizers

133.NAL Call No.: 448.3-Ap5Growth of the fungus Cladosporium sphaerospermum with toluene as the sole carbon and energy source.Weber, F. J.; Hage, K. C.; Bont, J. A. M. de. Appl-environ-microbiol v.61(10): p.3562-3566. (1995 Oct.)Includes references.Descriptors: cladosporium; toluene; microbial-degradation; metabolism; waste- treatment; waste-gases;composts; oxygen-consumption; enzyme- activity; oxygenases; oxidoreductases; compost-biofiltersAbstract: The fungus Cladosporium sphaerospermum was isolated from a biofilter used for the removal oftoluene from waste gases. This is the first report describing growth of a eukaryotic organism with toluene as thesole source of carbon and energy. The oxygen consumption rates, as well as the measured enzyme activities, oftoluene-grown C. sphaerospermum indicate that toluene is degraded by an initial attack on the methyl group.

134.NAL Call No.: S530.J6Heavy metal veggies: a decision case for environmental and nutrition education.Schramm, J.; Lammers, E.; Simmons, S. R.; Duin, A. H.; Hassel, C.; Reicks, M. J-nat- resour-life-sci-educv.23(2): p.103-108. (1994 Fall)Includes references.Descriptors: environmental-education; nutrition-education; educational-courses; case-studies; vegetables;contamination; heavy-metals; composts; refuse; application-to-land; polluted-soils; health-hazards

135.NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58Heavy metals leachability as affected by pH of compost-amended growth medium used in container-grown rhododendrons.Sawhney, B. L.; Bugbee, G. J.; Stilwell, D. E. Compost-sci-util v.3(2): p.64-73. (1995 Spring)Includes references.Descriptors: rhododendron; container-grown-plants; composts; application-rates; ph; heavy-metals; leaching;cadmium; chromium; copper; nickel- ; lead; zinc


136.NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734Impact of compost on vegetable yields.Maynard, A. A.; Hill, D. E. Biocycle v.35(3): p.66-67. (1994 Mar.)Descriptors: vegetables; crop-production; composts; leaves; fertilizers; application-to-land; crop-yield; soil-properties

137.NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58Impact on water quality of high and low density applications of spent mushroom substrate to agriculturallands.Kaplan, L. A.; Standley, L. J.; Newbold, J. D. Compost-sci-util v.31(1): p.55-63. (1995 Winter)Paper presented at the Spent Mushroom Substrate symposium, March 11-14, 1994, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.Descriptors: mushroom-compost; agricultural-wastes; waste-utilization; application-to-land; agricultural-soils;woodland-soils; application-rates; environmental-impact; water-quality; groundwater; soil-water; chemical-composition

138.NAL Call No.: SB476.G7Improving turf soils with compost.Landschoot, P. Grounds-maint v.30(6): p.33, 35, 37, 39. (1995 June)Descriptors: lawns-and-turf; clay-soils; soil-texture; soil-amendments; composts

139.NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734Improving turf with compost.Landschoot, P.; McNitt, A. Biocycle v.35(10): p.54-57. (1994 Oct.)Descriptors: lawns-and-turf; land-improvement; composts; evaluation; application- to-land

140.NAL Call No.: S590.C63Increasing plant-available phosphorus in an ultisol with a yard-waste compost.Hue, N. V.; Ikawa, H.; Silva, J. A. Commun-soil-sci-plant-anal v.25(19/20): p.3291-3303. (1994)Includes references.Descriptors: ultisols; acid-soils; tropical-soils; mineral-deficiencies; phosphorus; nutrient-availability; composts;yards; litter-plant; triple- superphosphate; application-rates; gypsum; lime; sorption-isotherms; shoots; nutrient-content; growth; dry-matter-accumulation; phosphorus-sorption-capacity

141.NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734Increasing tomato yields with MSW compost.Maynard, A. A. Biocycle v.36(4): p.104, 106. (1995 Apr.)Descriptors: lycopersicon-esculentum; refuse; composts; application-rates; crop- yield; soil-fertility; connecticut

142.NAL Call No.: S590.C63Influence of compost maturity on nutrient status of sunflowers.Baca, M. T.; Delgado, I. C.; De Nobili, M.; Esteban, E.; Sanchez Raya, A. J. Commun- soil-sci-plant-analv.26(1/2): p.169-181. (1995)Includes references.

Descriptors: helianthus-annuus; composts; sugarcane-bagasse; olive-cake; poultry- manure; maturity; nutrient-availability; iron; zinc; boron; trace- element-deficiencies; plant- nutrition; mineral-nutrition; immobilization;nitrogen; phosphorus; nitrification; crop-yield; soil- fertility; nutrient-uptake; mineral-uptake

143.NAL Call No.: QH84.8.B46Influence of low-molecular-weight organic acids on the solubilization of phosphates.Bolan, N. S.; Naidu, R.; Mahimairaja, S.; Baskaran, S. Biol-fertil-soils v.18(4): p.311-319. (1994)Includes references.Descriptors: organic-acids; adsorption; rhizosphere; litter-plant; composts; poultry-manure; phosphorus;solubilization; nutrient-uptake; phosphorus-fertilizers; lolium- rigidum

144.NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58Influence of rates and timing on incorporation of dairy manure compost on sweet corn yield, compositionand soil fertility.Warman, P. R. Compost-sci-util v.3(3): p.66-71. (1995 Summer)Includes references.Descriptors: zea-mays; composts; cattle-manure; application-rates; timing; incorporation; surface-treatment;crop-yield; macronutrients; nutrient- content; nutrient-uptake; soil-fertility; nutrient-availability; soil-depth;nitrogen; potassium; phosphorus; magnesium; soil- water-content; quebec

145.NAL Call No.: 56.8-C162Influence of soil temperature and moisture on water-soluble phenolic compounds in manured soil.Paul, J. W.; Covert, J. A.; Beauchamp, E. G. Can-j-soil-sci v.74(1): p.111-114. (1994 Feb.)Includes references.Descriptors: cattle-manure; barley-straw; chemical-composition; phenolic- compounds; composts;decomposition; anaerobic-conditions; soil-water- content; soil- temperature

146.NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734Inner city composting yields diversion and vegetables.Rockwell, F. Biocycle v.35(8): p.74-77. (1994 Aug.)Descriptors: reclamation; land-improvement; urban-areas; composting; composts; application-to-land

147.NAL Call No.: S441.S8552Integration of animal waste, winter cover crops and biological antagonists for sustained management ofColumbia lance and other associated nematodes on cotton.Barker, K. R.; Koenning, S. R.; Mikkelsen, R. L.; Edmisten, K. L. Sustainable Agriculture Research andEducation SARE research projects Southern Region. p.31. (1995)SARE Project Number: LS94-60. Record includes floppy disk.Descriptors: gossypium; plant-parasitic-nematodes; poultry-manure; composts; cover-crops; secale-cereale;green-manures; paecilomyces; biological- control-agents; nitrogen- fertilizers; use-efficiency; nematode-control;cultural-control; biological-control; sustainability; north-carolina; municipal-waste-compost

148.NAL Call No.: TD420.A1P7Iron and manganese release in coal mine drainage wetland microcosms.Tarutis, W. J. J.; Unz, R. F. Water-sci-technol v.32(3): p.187-192. (1995)In the series analytic: Wetland systems for water pollution control 1994 / edited by R. H. Kadlec and H. Brix.Descriptors: iron-oxides; manganese-oxides; manganese-dioxide; hematite; iron; manganese; release;mushroom-compost; sulfate; reduction; simulation; wetlands; wetland-soils; waste-water-treatment; drainage-water; coal-mine-spoil; coal-mined-land

149.NAL Call No.: 448.3-Ap5Isolation, characterization, and distribution of denitrifying toluene degraders from a variety of habitats.Fries, M. R.; Zhou, J.; Chee Sanford, J.; Tiedje, J. M. Appl-environ-microbiol v.60(8): p.2802-2810. (1994 Aug.)Includes references.Descriptors: denitrifying-microorganisms; soil-bacteria; gram-negative-bacteria; toluene; benzene; microbial-degradation; aromatic-hydrocarbons; ribosomal-rna; nucleotide- sequences; agricultural-soils; composts;polluted-soils; molecular-sequence-data; genbank; l33687; genbank; l33688; genbank; l33689; genbank; l33690;genbank; l33691; genbank; l33692; genbank; l33693; genbank; l33694; ethylbenzene; chlorobenzeneAbstract: Enrichments capable of toluene degradation under O2-free denitrifying conditions were establishedwith diverse inocula including agricultural soils, compost, aquifer material, and contaminated soil samples fromdifferent geographic regions of the world. Successful enrichment was strongly dependent on the initial use ofrelatively low toluene concentrations, typically 5 ppm. From the enrichments showing positive activity fortoluene degradation, 10 bacterial isolates were obtained. Fingerprints generated by PCR-amplified DNA, withrepetitive extragenic palindromic sequence primers, showed that eight of these isolates were different. Underaerobic conditions, all eight isolates degraded toluene, five degraded ethylbenzene, three consumed benzene, andone degraded chlorobenzene. meta-Xylene was the only other substrate used anaerobically and was used by onlyone isolate. All isolates were motile gram-negative rods, produced N2 from denitrification, and did nothydrolyze starch. All strains but one fixed nitrogen as judged by ethylene production from acetylene, but onlyfour strains hybridized to the nifHDK genes. All strains appeared to have heme nitrite reductase since their DNA hybridized to the heme(nirS) but not to the Cu (nirU) genes. Five strains hybridized to a toluene ortho- hydroxylase catabolic probe,and two of those also hybridized to a toluene meta- hydroxylase probe. Partial sequences of the 16S rRNA genesof all isolates showed substantial similarity to 16S rRNA sequences of Azoarcus sp. Physiological,morphological, fatty acid, and 16S rRNA analyses indicated that these strains were closely related to each otherand that they belong to the genus Azoarcus. The activity and isolation of at least one toluene-degradingdenitrifier from the majority of the habitat types studied suggest that microbes with the capacity to growanaerobically on toluene are common in nature.

150.NAL Call No.: 448.3-Ap5Isolation of Thermus strains from hot composts (60 to 80 degrees C).Beffa, T.; Blanc, M.; Lyon, P. F.; Vogt, G.; Marchiani, M.; Fischer, J. L.; Aragno, M. Appl-environ-microbiolv.62(5): p.1723-1727. (1996 May)Includes references.Descriptors: thermophilic-bacteria; gram-negative-bacteria; isolation; refuse- compost; composting; sewage-sludge; plant-residues; identification; ribosomal-dna; restriction- fragment-length-polymorphism; bacterial-proteins; oxygen-consumption; thermus- thermophilus.Abstract: High numbers (10(7) to 10(10) cells per g [dry weight]) of heterotrophic, gram-negative, rod-shaped,non-sporeforming, aerobic, thermophilic bacteria related to the genus Thermus were isolated from thermogeniccomposts at temperatures between 65 and 82 degrees C. These bacteria were present in different types of wastes(garden and kitchen wastes and sewage sludge) and in all the industrial composting systems studied (open-airwindows, boxes with automated turning and aeration, and closed bioreactors with aeration). Isolates grew fast ona rich complex medium at temperatures between 40 and 80 degrees C, with optimum growth between 65 and 75degrees C. Nutritional characteristics, total protein profiles, DNA- DNA hybridization (except strain JT4), andrestriction fragment length polymorphism profiles of the DNAs coding for the 16S rRNAs (16S rDNAs) showedthat Thermus strains isolated from hot composts were closely related to Thermus thermophilus HB8. Thesenewly isolated T. thermophilus strains have probably adapted to the conditions in the hot-compost ecosystem.Heterotrophic, oval-spore-forming, thermophilic bacilli were also isolated from hot composts, but none of theisolates was able to grow at temperatures above 70 degrees C. This is the first report of hot composts as habitatsfor a high number of thermophilic bacteria related to the genus Thermus. Our study suggests that Thermusstrains play an important role in organic-matter degradation during the thermogenic phase (65 to 80 degrees C)of the composting process.


151.NAL Call No.: 100-C76St-1Leaching of metals and nitrate from composted sewage sludge.Frink, C. R.; Sawhney, B. L. Bull-Conn-Agric-Exp-Stn. New Haven, Conn. : The Station v. 923: p.46 (1994Aug.)Includes references.Descriptors: sewage-sludge; composts; storage; usage; groundwater; metals; nitrate-nitrogen; leaching;groundwater-pollution; literature-reviews; connecticut

152.NAL Call No.: SB118.48.Y26Leaching of nitrates from potting media containing composted sewage sludge and municipal solid waste.Bugbee, G. J. Yank-nurs-q. Storrs, CT : University of Connecticut, Dept. of Plant Science v.4 (1): p.13-14 (1994Spring)Includes references.Descriptors: composts; sewage-sludge; solid-wastes; growing-media; nitrates; leaching; carbon-nitrogen-ratio

153.NAL Call No.: 79.9-N814A living mulch (white clover)/dead mulch (compost) weed control system for winter squash.Mohler, C. L. Proc-annu-meet-Northeast-Weed-Sci-Soc. [v.p.] v. 49: p.5-10 (1995)Includes references.Descriptors: cucurbita-moschata; cultural-weed-control; live-mulches; trifolium- repens; composts; mulching

154.NAL Call No.: TP995.M35-- 1995Making waste work : a strategy for sustainable waste management in England and Wales : summary.Sustainable waste management.Great Britain. Dept. of the Environment. col. ill., 16p. (The Dept, [London?] , [1995])Cover title.Descriptors:salvage-waste,-etc-great-britain; compost-plants-great-britain; school- recycling-programs-great-britain

155.NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734Manufacturing soil at container nursery.Biocycle v.35(5): p.48-50. (1994 May)Descriptors: composting; composts; manufacture; growing-media; pot-culture; nurseries

156.NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734Market strength in horticultural industries.Gouin, F. R. Biocycle v.36(8): p.68-70. (1995 Aug.)Descriptors: composts; uses; agricultural-sector; markets; green-industries

157.NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734Marketing compost as a pest control product.Segall, L. Biocycle v.36(5): p.65-67. (1995 May)

Descriptors: composts; biological-control; product-development; composting; biological-control-agents;inoculation-methods; biopesticides

158.NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58Metal levels in garden vegetables raised on biosolids amended soil.Dixon, F. M.; Preer, J. R.; Abdi, A. N. Compost-sci-util v.3(2): p.55-63. (1995 Spring)Includes references.Descriptors: phaseolus-vulgaris; cucurbita-pepo; varieties; zea-mays; lactuca- sativa; spinacia-oleracea;brassica; composts; sewage-sludge; application-to-land; application- rates; heavy-metals; ion-uptake; lead;nickel; zinc; copper; cadmium; soil-ph; metal-ions; bioavailability; brassica-fimbriata

159.NAL Call No.: 448.3-Ap5Microbial properties of composts that suppress damping-off and root rot of creeping bentgrass caused byPythium graminicola.Craft, C. M.; Nelson, E. B. Appl-environ-microbiol v.62(5): p.1550-1557. (1996 May)Includes references.Descriptors: agrostis-stolonifera-var.-palustris; pythium-graminicola; fungal- diseases; root-rots; fungus-control;composts; sewage-sludge; brewing- industry; sludges; poultry-manure; cattle-manure; food-wastes; bacteria;actinomycetales; fungi; enumeration; fungal-antagonists; bacterial-count; suppressive-compostsAbstract: Composts prepared from a variety of feedstocks were tested for their ability to suppress seedling androot diseases of creeping bentgrass caused by Pythium graminicola. Among the most suppressive materials inlaboratory experiments were different batches of a brewery sludge compost and a biosolids compost fromEndicott, N.Y. Batches of these composts that were initially not suppressive to Pythium damping-off becamemore suppressive with increasing compost age. Leaf, yard waste, food, and spent mushroom composts as well ascertain biosolids, cow manure, chicken-cow manure, and leaf-chicken manure composts were not suppressive toPythium damping-off. In some cases, turkey litter, chicken manure, chicken-leaf, and food waste composts wereinhibitory to creeping bentgrass seed germination in laboratory experiments. Microbial populations variedamong all of the composts tested. Bacterial populations were high in all composts except the turkey littercompost, in which populations were 1,000- to 10,000-fold lower than in the other composts tested. Among thehighest populations of heterotrophic fungi and antibiotic-producing actinomycetes were those found in allbatches of the brewery sludge compost, whereas the lowest populations were found in turkey litter, chickenmanure, and food waste composts. Heat treatment of suppressive composts reduced populations of bacteria,fungi, and actinomycetes in all composts tested. Disease suppressiveness was also reduced or eliminated inheated composts. Amending heated composts with small amounts of nonheated compost restored suppressiveproperties and partially restored microbial populations to wild-type levels. A strong negative relationshipbetween compost microbial activity (as measured by the hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate) and Pythiumdamping-off severity was observed. When composts were applied to creeping bentgrass in field experiments, asignificant level of suppressiveness was evident with some composts when disease pressure was high (i.e.,disease ratings high in uninoculated plots). A 1991 batch of turkey litter compost and the 1990 batch of Endicottbiosolids were consistently suppressive to foliar symptoms of Pythium root rot on creeping bentgrass. This studyindicates that suppression of Pythium diseases of creeping bentgrass in batches of brewery sludge and Endicottbiosolids composts, and possibly in other suppressive composts examined in less detail in this study, is relateddirectly to the microbial activities in the composts. On the other band, the mechanisms of Pythium suppressionin turkey litter and perhaps other poultry-based composts is not related directly to the compost microbial activity.Although turkey litter showed a lack of suppressiveness in laboratory bioassays and low microbial populationsand activity, it resulted in a significant and consistent level of suppressiveness in field experiments. Therefore,the microbiological properties of Pythium-suppressive composts may differ substantially, and measurements ofmicrobial populations and activity may not be predictive of the level of disease suppression in all composts.

160.NAL Call No.: QR53.J68Microbiological degradation of the herbicide dicamba.

Fogarty, A. M.; Tuovinen, O. H. J-ind-microbiol v.14(5): p.365-370. (1995 May)Includes references.Descriptors: dicamba; grasses; soil; composts; pseudomonas; microbial- degradation; temperature; ph; growth;pseudomonas-paucimobilisAbstract: Pseudomonas paucimobilis was isolated from a consortium which was capable of degrading dicamba(3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid) as the sole source of carbon. The degradation of dicamba by P.paucimobilis and the consortium was examined over a range of substrate concentration, temperature, and pH. Inthe concentration range of 100-2000 mg dicamba L(-1) (0.5-9.0 mM), the degradation was accompanied by astoichiometric release of 2 mol of Cl(-) per mol of dicamba degraded. The cultures had an optimum pH 6.5-7.0for dicamba degradation. Growth studies at 10 degrees C, 20 degrees C, and 30 degrees C yielded activationenergy values in the range of 19-36 kcal mol(-1) and an average Q(10) value of 4.0. Compared with the pureculture P. paucimobilis, the consortium was more active at the lower temperature.

161.NAL Call No.: S590.C63Mineral nitrogen accumulation in soils as affected by water-soluble organic carbon extracted fromcomposted dairy manure.Liang, B. C.; Gregorich, E. D.; Schnitzer, M. Commun-soil-sci-plant-anal v.26(15/16): p.2711-2723. (1995)Includes references.Descriptors: soil-types-textural; nitrogen; mineralization; biological-activity-in- soil; nitrogen-cycle; composts;cattle-manure; extracts; carbon; organic-compounds; solubility; clay; soil-textureAbstract: The soluble organic matter in composted manure contains labile carbon (C)and nitrogen (N) that may stimulate microbial activity. Evaluating the effects of water-soluble organic carbon(WSOC) on N mineralization will improve our understanding of the short-term N turnover in soil. Three soilswith textures varying from 3 to 54% clay were amended with water extracts from composted dairy manure (0-80mg C/kg soil) and incubated for 11 weeks at 23 degrees C. Water-soluble organic C additions enhanced net Nmineralization only in the soil containing the largest amount of clay; the increased net N mineralization wassimilar to the amounts of organic N added in the water extract. The WSOC in the composted manure had littleeffect on net N mineralization, particularly in coarse textured soils. The short-term effect of WSOC inputs on thenet N mineralization in soils may depend on the mineral N concentration of the water extract.

162.NAL Call No.: 26-T754Mineral nutrient content, growth, and yield of papaya (Carica papaya L.) as influenced by trench depthand municipal solid waste compost.Basso Figuera, C.; Schaffer, B.; Crane, J. H.; Colls, A. M.; Bryan, H. H. Trop-agric v.72(3): p.231-235. (1995July)Includes references.Descriptors: carica-papaya; trenching; depth; seedlings; refuse-compost; application-rates; growth; plant-height;stems; roots; size; rooting-depth; foliar-diagnosis; mineral-nutrition; heavy-metals; fruits; crop-yield;experimental-plots; florida

163.NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58Mineralization of atrazine during composting with untreated and pretreated lignocellulosic substrates.Rao, N.; Grethlein, H. E.; Reddy, C. A. Compost-sci-util v.3(3): p.38-46. (1995 Summer)Paper presented at the symposium on the Biogeochemistry of Compost held August 1994 as part of the 36thRocky Mountain Conference.Descriptors: atrazine; biodegradation; mineralization; composting; lignocellulosic- wastes; waste-wood;pretreatment; steam; ammonia; newspapers; composts; substrates; comparisons

164.NAL Call No.: S605.5.B5Mineralization of composted 15N-labelled farmyard manure during soil incubations.

Cheneby, D.; Nicolardot, B.; Godden, B.; Penninckx, M. Biol-agric-hortic v.10(4): p.255-264. (1994)Includes references.Descriptors: silty-soils; nitrogen; carbon; mineralization; nutrient-availability; composts; farmyard-manure; soil-organic-matter; decomposition

165.NAL Call No.: S592.7.A1S6Mineralization of composted manure and microbial dynamics in soil as affected by long-term nitrogenmanagement.Hadas, A.; Kautsky, L.; Portnoy, R. Soil-biol-biochem v.28(6): p.733-738. (1996 June)Includes references.Descriptors: xerosols; carbon; nitrogen; mineralization; cattle-manure; composts; application-rates; nutrients;soil-management; history; soil-flora; microbial-activities; soil- enzymes; proteinases; oxidoreductases; enzyme-activity; biological-activity-in-soil; nitrate- nitrogen; ammonium- nitrogen; recovery; carbon-dioxide; soil-organic-matter; decomposition; nutrient-availability; carbon- cycle; nitrogen-cycle; nutrient-management; soil-management-historyAbstract: Evaluation of the mineralization dynamics of composted manures is essential for their efficient use as amajor source of available nitrogen in crop production. The objective was to determine the effect of long-termmanagement on the rate of mineralization of compost, in relation to soil biological activity. A compost wasadded at a rate of 5 or 15% (wt/wt) to soil samples obtained from two treatments of a 30 year old N-managementexperiment: M0--without any N input, and M2--with 10 applications of 90 t cattle manure ha-1. Inorganic Naccumulation and weekly rates of CO2 evolution were determined periodically during an incubation of 33weeks. Microbial counts and dehydrogenase and protease activity were determined during 42 days. Net Nmineralization was higher in M2 than in M0 soil, and was proportional to the amount of compost added. Therecovery of compost-N as inorganic N was independent of soil management history and of compost applicationrate. The amount of N released was estimated (by difference) to be 26% of compost N added. Initially 7-10%was inorganic N and 8% soluble organic N, therefore only 8-11% was released from insoluble N in the compost.CO2 evolution was greater from M2 than from M0 soil only during the first week, but it was significantlyaffected by compost application throughout the experiment. The percentage recovery of compost-C as CO2 wassmaller at the high application rate. Microbial counts and enzyme activities exhibited a periodical behavior. Theywere significantly affected by soil management history, and by compost, but the effect of compost was greater.The difference in biological activity between soils seemed to be related to the difference in their initial readily-available C and it did not significantly affect the rate of compost decomposition.


166.NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58Modification of soil water retention and biological properties by municipal solid waste compost.Serra Wittling, C.; Houot, S.; Barriuso, E. Compost-sci-util v.4(1): p.44-52. (1996 Winter)Includes references.Descriptors: loam-soils; composts; refuse; application-rates; soil-water-retention; carbon; mineralization; soil-enzymes; enzyme-activity; soil-flora; biological-activity-in-soil

167.NAL Call No.: SB476.G7MSW compost for turf.Cisar, J. L. Grounds-maint v.29(3): p.52, 54, 58. (1994 Mar.)Descriptors: lawns-and-turf; refuse; composts; solid-wastes; municipal-refuse- disposal; waste-utilization

168.NAL Call No.: 56.9-So32Municipal solid waste compost in irrigated vegetable production.Clark, G. A.; Stanley, C. D.; Maynard, D. N. Proc-Soil-Crop-Sci-Soc-Fla. [S.l.] : Soil and Crop Science Societyof Florida v.54: p.49-53 (1995)Meeting held September 21-23, 1994, Daytona Beach Shores, FL.Descriptors: capsicum; lycopersicon; crop-production; sandy-soils; irrigated- stands; subsurface-irrigation;trickle-irrigation; irrigation-scheduling; nitrogen-fertilizers; composts; refuse; application-rates; soil-water-retention; nutrients; retention; crop-yield; dry- matter-accumulation; florida

169.NAL Call No.: 56.9-So32Municipal solid waste compost use in tomato/watermelon successional cropping.Obreza, T. A.; Reeder, R. K. Proc-Soil-Crop-Sci-Soc-Fla. [S.l.] : The Society v.53p.13-19 (1994)Meeting held September 22-25, 1993, Gainesville, FL.Descriptors: lycopersicon-esculentum; citrullus-lanatus; sequential-cropping; refuse; poultry-manure; composts;application-to-land; application-rates; npk-fertilizers; crop- yield; growth; irrigation; soil-water-content; soil-water-retention; soil-ph; nutrient-availability; florida

170.NAL Call No.: SB319.2.F6F56Municipal solid waste (MSW) soil amendments: influence on growth and yield of snap beans.Ozores Hampton, M.; Bryan, H. H. Proc-annu-meet-Fla-State-Hort-Soc. [S.l.] : The Society v.106:p.208-210(1994 May)Meeting held October 19-21, 1993, Miami Beach, FL.Descriptors: phaseolus-vulgaris; composts; municipal-refuse-disposal; stand- characteristics; growth; crop-yield;application-rates; fertilizers

171.NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58Municipal tropical compost: effects on crops and soil properties.Paino, V.; Peillex, J. P.; Montlahuc, O.; Cambon, A.; Bianchini, J. P. Compost-sci- util v.4(2): p.62-69. (1996Spring)Includes references.Descriptors: zea-mays; tropical-soils; inceptisols; mollisols; oxisols; composts; refuse; application-rates;growth; biomass; dry-matter- accumulation; copper; zinc; heavy- metals; uptake; plant-composition; soil-organic-matter; carbon-nitrogen-ratio; cation-exchange- capacity; nitrogen-content; soil-ph; lead; cadmium;french-polynesia; above-ground-biomass

172.NAL Call No.: S605.5.B5N effects of organic manures on leeks. Influence of raised beds and mulching on N availability.Ekbladh, G. Biol-agric-hortic v.11(1/4): p.157-171. (1995)Paper presented at a workshop on Nitrate Leaching in Ecological Agriculture held October 1993, Copenhagen,Denmark.Descriptors: allium-porrum; farmyard-manure; composts; green-manures; raised- beds; mulching; plastic-film;grass-clippings; legumes; crop- residues; nitrogen; mineralization; nutrient-availability; nutrient-uptake;leaching; losses-from-soil; soil; nitrogen-content; seasonal- variation; sweden

173.NAL Call No.: SB998.N4N4Nematode population dynamics in municipal solid waste-amended soil during tomato and squashcultivation.Mannion, C. M.; Schaffer, B.; Ozores Hampton, M.; Bryan, H. H.; McSorley, R. Nematropica v.24(1): p.17-24.(1994 June)

Includes references.Descriptors: lycopersicon-esculentum; cucurbita-maxima; composts; rotations; plant-parasitic-nematodes;population-density; planting-date; harvesting-date; nematode-control; cultural-control; efficacy

174.NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734New approach to the green.Biocycle v.36(11): p.39-40. (1995 Nov.)Descriptors: golf-courses; suppressive-soils; composts; organic-fertilizers; plant- disease-control; new-york

175.NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58A new index of organic matter stability.Adani, F.; Genevini, P. L.; Tambone, F. Compost-sci-util v.3(2): p.25-37. (1995 Spring)Includes references.Descriptors: composts; organic-fertilizers; organic-amendments; humic-acids; chemical-composition; stability;indexes; humification; analytical- methods; quantitative- analysis; compost-maturity; humification-index

176.NAL Call No.: SB433.T874New uses for compost are being found.Sann, C. Turf-grass-trends p.1, 14. (1995 Jan.)Descriptors: composts; waste-treatment; waste-water; soil-pollution; bioremediation

177.NAL Call No.: QH540.J6Nitrogen and carbon mineralization rates of composted manures incubated in soil.Hadas, A.; Portnoy, R. J-environ-qual v.23(6): p.1184-1189. (1994 Nov.-1994 Dec.)Includes references.Descriptors: cattle-manure; composts; decomposition; nitrogen; carbon; mineralization; nitrogen-content;simulation-modelsAbstract: Rates of decomposition and inorganic N release from composted manures should be known andpredictable on the basis of their composition for their proper use as a source of available N. Four compostedcattle manures were analyzed for their inorganic N, soluble organic C and N, and total N and organic mattercontents. The composts were incubated in soil for 32 wk at 30 degrees C and 60% water-holding capacity.Inorganic N and CO2 evolution were determined periodically. Inorganic N released from the composts after 32wk ranged from 11 to 29% of their total N content, 2 to 12% of total N were initially inorganic, and 1 to 5%were soluble organic N. The rates of decomposition of the composts were computed by the simulation modelNCSOIL by minimizing the deviation of the model output from the periodically measured CO2 and inorganic Nrelease and by using the soluble and insoluble organic C and N contents of the composts as input. The solublecomponents decomposed before the end of the first week. The decomposition rate constant obtained for theinsoluble components of three composts was 4 to 5 X 10(-4) d-1, whereas for one compost it was 1 X 10(-8) d-1,indicating that this compost was much more stable. To obtain universal rate constants that will fit any compost,components of the insoluble material must be better defined.

178.NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58Nitrogen and phosphorus availability in groundfish waste and chitin-sludge cocomposts.Kuo, S. Compost-sci-util v.31(1): p.19-29. (1995 Winter)Includes references.Descriptors: composts; fish-scrap; chitin; sludges; alnus-rubra; tsuga-heterophylla; pseudotsuga-menziesii;sawdust; chemical-composition; nitrogen- ; phosphorus; nutrient- availability; zea-mays; nutrient-content; dry-matter-accumulation; nutrient-uptake; soil-fertility

179.NAL Call No.: QH84.8.B46Nitrogen transformations in tropical soils under conventional and sustainable farming systems.Chao, W. L.; Tu, H. J.; Chao, C. C. Biol-fertil-soils v.21(4): p.252-256. (1996)Includes references.Descriptors: tropical-soils; clay-soils; alluvial-soils; nitrogen; transformation; nitrification; biological-activity-in-soil; soil-bacteria; populations; population-density; ammonium; oxidation; nitrite; agricultural-soils; farming-systems; sustainability; fertilizers; composts; pig-manure; nutrient-sources; nitrifying-bacteria; conventional-versus-sustainabable- farming; inorganic-versus-organic-fertilizersAbstract: Samples of alluvial soil from mixed sandstone shale and slate and of Taiwan clay were collected fromtwo sites, both managed under a similar crop rotation scheme. The fields were further divided into sectionswhich were managed under either conventional farming or sustainable farming practices. When the soil sampleswere collected in April 1989, after 1 year of operation under conventional or sustainable practices, thenitrification activities of both soils managed under sustainable practices had improved dramatically compared tothe conventional practices. The nitrifying activities in Taiwan clay samples collected in April 1993 which hadbeen managed with chemical or with organic fertilizer were not significantly different. However, nitrifyingactivity in the alluvial soil was higher under sustainable than under conventional practices. Numbers of NH4-oxidizing bacteria were not significantly different in any of the soil samples irrespective of the differentmanagement practices. In contrast, higher numbers of NO2-oxidizing bacteria were detected in both soilsmanaged sustainably. The results also indicated that the composition of NH4-oxidizing bacteria differed in thealluvial soil when managed with different kinds of fertilizer.

180.NAL Call No.: TD930.A32A note on the utilisation of spent mushroom composts in animal feeds.Zhang, C. K.; Gong, F.; Li, D. S. Bioresour-technol v.52(1): p.89-91. (1995)Includes references.Descriptors: mushroom-compost; fermentation; aspergillus; yeasts; crude-protein; protein-content; crude-fiber;fiber-content; in-vitro-digestibility; waste-utilization; fodder; spent- mushroom-substrate; endomycopsis-fibuligerAbstract: An Aspergillus species (Aspergillus candidus 362) was isolated from contaminated spent Lentinusedodes compost. Using synchronous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) by the isolate and a yeast strain(Endomycopsis fibuliger 253) under solid- state conditions, the crude protein contents were increased from 24.1to 32.3% and from 28.4 to 36.7% for Pleurotus ostreatus- and Lentinus edodes-spent-compost media,respectively. The crude fibre contents of the composts were substantially decreased. After fermentation the invitro digestibility of crude protein was improved to 70%. The total and essential amino acid contents made up73.3 and 37.1% of the crude protein, respectively. The fermented spent composts media were highly-nutritiousfodder for poultry and animals.


181.NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734Nurseries find new value in composted products.Hoitink, H. A. J.; Grebus, M. E. Biocycle v.35(5): p.51-52. (1994 May)Descriptors: composts; growing-media; plant-disease-control; biological-control

182.NAL Call No.: SB1.H6Nutrient concentrations, growth, and yield of tomato and squash in municipal solid- waste-amended soil.

Ozores Hampton, M.; Schaffer, B.; Bryan, H. H.; Hanlon, E. A. HortScience v.29(7): p.785-788. (1994 July)Includes references.Descriptors: lycopersicon-esculentum; cucurbita-maxima; refuse-compost; sewage-sludge; refuse; mixtures;composts; calcareous-soils; plant-height; crop-yield; nutrient- content; mineral-content; calcium; zinc;magnesium; leaves; roots; manganese; lead; floridaAbstract: The effects of municipal solid waste (MSW) materials on growth, yield, and mineral elementconcentrations in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) (1991 and 1992) and squash (Cucurbita maximaDuch. Ex Lam.) (1992 and 1993) were evaluated. Agrisoil compost (composted trash), Eweson compost (co-composted trash and sewage sludge), or Daorganite sludge (chemically and heat-treated sewage sludge) wereincorporated into calcareous limestone soil of southern Florida. The control had no MSW material added to thesoil. The effect of MSW on crop growth, yield, and mineral element concentrations varied considerably betweenyears for tomato and squash. In 1991, tomato plants grown in soil amended with Eweson or Daorganite had agreater canopy volume than plants in the control treatment. Tomato plants grown in Daorganite had greater totalfruit weight (1991) than plants in Agrisoil and more marketable fruit (1992) than control plants. In both years,tomato plants in Agrisoil had higher root Zn concentrations than plants in the other treatments. In 1992, tomatoplants in Eweson had lower root Mn concentrations than plants in the other treatments, whereas Mgconcentrations in the roots were higher in the Daorganite treatment than in Eweson. Tomato plants in Agrisoilhad higher Pb concentrations in the roots than plants in all other treatments. In 1991, leaves of tomato plants inAgrisoil had lower Ca concentrations than leaves of plants in the control treatment. In 1992, leaf Znconcentrations were greater for tomato and squash in Agrisoil than in the control or Daorganite. In 1992, canopyvolume and yield of squash were greater for plants in Daorganite than for plants in the control and other MSWtreatments. Although canopy. treatments than for those in the control. In 1993, leaf Mg concentrations weregreater for squash grown in Daorganite than for plants in the control or Agrisoil. In 1993, fruit Cd concentrationwas higher for plants with Eweson than for plants in the control or Agrisoil. However, the fruit Cd concentrationin squash grown in Eweson compost (1.0 mg/kg dry weight) was far below a hazardous level for humanconsumption. Our results indicate that amending calcareous soils with MSW materials can increase growth andyield of tomato and squash with negligible increases in heavy metal concentrations in fruit.

183.NAL Call No.: TD930.A55- 1995Nutrient cycling from cattle feedlot manure and composted manure applied to Southern High Plainsdrylands.Jones, O. R.; Willis, W. M.; Smith, S. J.; Stewart, B. A. Animal waste and the land-water interface (Boca Raton: Lewis Publishers) p.265-272 (1995)Includes references.Descriptors: feedlot-wastes; composts; fertilizers; no-tillage; stubble-mulching; soil-depth; nitrogen;phosphorus; application-rates; runoff; nitrate- nitrogen; ammonium- nitrogen; water-pollution; texas

184.NAL Call No.: 448.3-Ap5Occurrence and distribution of Legionella species in composted plant materials.Hughes, M. S.; Steele, T. W. Appl-environ-microbiol v.60(6): p.2003-2005. (1994 June)Includes references.Descriptors: legionella; legionella-pneumophila; composts; refuse-compost; leaves; grass-clippings; south-australia; home-compostsAbstract: Legionellae were found in many samples of composted plant matter obtained from home gardenersand from facilities which undertook bulk composting. The predominant species isolated from these compostswas Legionella pneumophila, the strains of which belonged to serogroups other than serogroup 1. OtherLegionella species were present in many samples. Legionella longbeachae serogroup 1, which is implicated inhuman infections in South Australia, was present in samples obtained from two of six facilities composting largevolumes of material and from 3 of 30 gardeners. Many of the species or strains isolated from composts have notbeen implicated as causative agents of legionellosis in South Australia, but some cause infection in healthy andimmunosuppressed persons.

185.NAL Call No.: QH541.5.D4J6Optimizing physical properties of a study soil for higher prductivity using town refuse compost in SaudiArabia.Sabrah, R. E. A.; Abdel Magid, H. M.; Abdel Aal, S. I.; Rabie, R. K. J-arid-environ. v. 29(2): p.253-262 (1995Feb.)Includes references.Descriptors: desert-soils; sandy-soils; refuse-compost; application-rates; soil- water; field-capacity; resistance-to-penetration; pore-size-distribution; triticum-aestivum; crop- yield; dry-matter-accumulation; roots; growth;nutrient-uptake; water-use-efficiency; saudiarabia

186.NAL Call No.: QH540.J6Oxygen respirometry to assess stability and maturity of composted municipal solid waste.Iannotti, D. A.; Grebus, M. E.; Toth, B. L.; Madden, L. V.; Hoitink, H. A. J. J-environ- qual v.23(6): p.1177-1183. (1994 Nov.-1994 Dec.)Includes references.Descriptors: refuse-compost; composting; stability; maturation; assays; bioassays; waste-utilizationAbstract: The stability and maturity of compost prepared from municipal solid waste (MSW) at a full-scalecomposting plant was assessed through chemical, physical, and biological assays. Respiration bioassays used todetermine stability (O2 and CO2 respirometry) were sensitive to process control problems at the compostingplant and indicated increasing stability with time. Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and ryegrass (Lolium perenneL.) growth bioassays revealed that immature compost samples inhibited growth. Growth of ryegrass in pottingmix prepared with cured compost not amended with fertilizer was enhanced as compared to a peat control.Garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.) seed germination, used as an indicator of phytotoxicity, revealed inhibitionof germination at all compost maturity levels. The phytotoxicity was thought to be salt-related. Spearman rank-order correlations demonstrated that O2 respirometry, water-soluble organic C, and the water extract organic Cto organic N ratio, significantly correlated with compost age and best indicated an acceptable level of stability.Oxygen respirometry also best predicted the potential for ryegrass growth, and an acceptable level of compostmaturity.

187.NAL Call No.: S605.5.B5Passively aerated layered composting of salmon farm mortalities.Liao, P. H.; Vizcarra, A. T.; Chen, A.; Lo, K. V. Biol-agric-hortic v.10(4): p.265- 270. (1994)Includes references.Descriptors: composting; salmon; aeration; comparisons; carbon-nitrogen-ratio; composts; quality; waste-utilization; static-pile-composting

188.NAL Call No.: S590.C63Phosphorus immobilization in wood waste-based potting media.Handreck, K. A. Commun-soil-sci-plant-anal v.27(9/10): p.2295-2314. (1996)Includes references.Descriptors: growing-media; pine-bark; sawdust; composts; peat; mixtures; comparisons; phosphorus; nutrient-availability; temporal-variation; superphosphate; application- rates; immobilization; microbial-activities;nitrogen; ratios; fuchsia; viola; hakea; plant-nutrition; mineral- deficiencies; shoots; weight; nutrient-content;roots; seedling-growth; nutrient-uptake; indexes-of-nutrient-availability; phosphorus-nitrogen-ratios; nitrogen-drawdown-indexesAbstract: Microbially induced nitrogen (N) immobilisation in potting media is accompanied by immobilisationof soluble phosphorus (P), with the P/N ratio of the immobilised elements being about 0.15. Fertiliser N appliedto counter N immobilisation should be accompanied by this amount of soluble P if plants are not to suffer fromP deficiency. Essentially none of the immobilised P in potting media that contained aged pine bark or eucalyptsawdust was available for short-term growth of 'Giant Butterfly' pansies or Hakea francisiana subsequently

grown in them. One implication of these results is that the N drawdown test for potting media will underestimateN requirements if P is not included in the charging solution.

189.NAL Call No.: QH540.J6Physical and chemical characteristics of selected U.S. municipal solid waste composts.He, X. T.; Logan, T. J.; Traina, S. J. J-environ-qual v.24(3): p.543-552. (1995 May-1995 June)Includes references.Descriptors: refuse-compost; characteristics; organic-matter; trace-elements; pollutants; lead; bioavailability; waste-utilization; usaAbstract: Municipal said waste (MSW) composting has been increasingly recognized as a promising alternativefor solid waste management. Because of the variation in both geographic origin (thus feed stock) andcomposting technology, the properties of MSW composts generated in various regions are likely to be different.In this study, 10 composts were collected from different facilities throughout the USA. Elemental compositionand some physical properties were determined. Trace elements and organic C were partitioned into watersoluble, exchangeable, complexed, organically bound, mineral particulate, and residue forms based on sequentialextraction with H2O, 1 M KCl, 0.1 M Na4P2O7, 0.1 M NaOH, and 4 M HNO3, respectively. Substantialvarieties were observed in both chemical and physical properties the MSW composts generated in differentfacilities. Our results indicate that the trace element content of MSW composts are in general lower than theaverage trace element reported for sewage sludges, and below the pollutant concentrations (PC) for sewagesludges regulated by USEPA. The exception is for Pb, which was higher in some of the MSW composts than theaverage Pb content in sewage sludges and exceeds the PC. Solid particulate was the dominant form of Cd, Mn,Cu, and Pb, but the majority of Zn was organically complexed. Both solid particulate and residue were dominantforms of compost Cr and Ni. The differences in distribution patterns of trace elements in the MSW compoststudied indicate that these elements will vary in their potential mobility and bioavailability in the environment.

190.NAL Call No.: 56.9-So32Physical characteristics of a sandy soil amended with municipal solid waste compost.Turner, M. S.; Clark, G. A.; Stanley, C. D.; Smajstrla, A. G. Proc-Soil-Crop-Sci-Soc-Fla. [S.l.] : The Societyv.53:p.24-26. (1994)Meeting held September 22-25, 1993, Gainesville, FL.Descriptors: sandy-soils; refuse; composts; application-to-land; application-rates; soil-water-retention; bulk-density; particle-size; distribution; available-water; seasonal-variation; florida

191.NAL Call No.: RA1270.P35A1Phytotoxicity of compost treated with lawn herbicides containing 2,4-D, dicamba, and MCPP.Bugbee, G. J.; Saraceno, R. A. Bull-environ-contam-toxicol v.52(4): p.606-611. (1994 Apr.)Includes references.Descriptors: grass-clippings; refuse-compost; 2,4-d; dicamba; mecoprop; lycopersicon-esculentum;phytotoxicity; yard-waste-compost

192.NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58Pilot study of coal ash compost.Beaver, T. Compost-sci-util v.2(3): p.18-21. (1994 Summer)Includes references.Descriptors: coal; ash; composting; composts; mixtures; waste-treatment; temperature; ph; electrical-conductivity; soil-fertility; lycopersicon- esculentum; biomass- production; hordeum-vulgare; crop-yield;triticum-aestivum; seed-germination; metals; nutrient- content

193.NAL Call No.: QD1.A45- no.563Plant and microbial establishment in pesticide-contaminated soil amended with compost.

Cole, M. A.; Liu, X.; Zhang, L. Bioremediation through rhizosphere technology (Washington, DC : AmericanChemical Society) p.210-222. (1994)Developed from a symposium sponsored by the Division of Agrochemicals and the Division of EnvironmentalChemistry at the 206th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, August 23-27, 1993, Chicago,Illinois.Descriptors: rhizosphere; soil-pollution; pesticides; soil-bacteria; soil-fungi; zea- mays; growth; compostsAbstract: Pesticide-contaminated soil (obtained from an agrichemical retail facility) was mixed withuncontaminated soil or with compost to determine the impact of compost compared to soil on plantestablishment and growth, rhizosphere populations, and development of soil microbial populations and activity.Plants were established and grew well in pesticide-containing soil when consideration was given tocompatibility between plant herbicide tolerance and the specific herbicide(s) present. Rhizosphere fungal andbacterial populations developed to a range of 100,000 to several billion units get root, respectively. Soil bacterialpopulations were significantly higher in compost-containing mixes when compared to contaminated soil alone,while populations in soil mixes were not affected by any treatment. Fungal populations were significantly higherin planted mixes and in unplanted mixes with compost than they were in contaminated soil alone.Dehydrogenase activity was significantly higher in compost-containing mixes than in soil mixes.

194.NAL Call No.: 56.9-So3Plant response to organic amendments and decreasing inorganic nitrogen rates in soils from a long-termexperiment.Fauci, M. F.; Dick, R. P. Soil-Sci-Soc-Am-j. v.58(1): p.134-138. (1994 Jan.-1994 Feb.)Includes references.Descriptors: zea-mays; cattle-manure; poultry-manure; composts; legumes; crop- residues; nitrogen-fertilizers;application-rates; soil-organic-matter; biological-activity-in-soil; nitrogen-cycle; nutrient-availability; nutrient-uptake; dry-matter-accumulation; nitrogen; mineralization; long-term- experiments; nutrient-sources; organic-versus-inorganic-nitrogen- sourcesAbstract: To decrease the potential for adverse environmental impacts of N in agroecosystems, there isincreasing emphasis on improving N efficiency of organic and inorganic sources. Greater reliance on organic Nsources can cause short-term crop yield decreases. Consequently, a study was conducted to determine the effectof decreasing rates of inorganic N during a transition from inorganic to organic N sources. The approach was togrow four crops of maize (Zea mays L.) during a period of 306 d in the greenhouse on soils that varied widely inorganic matter and biological activity because of long-term residue and fertilizer management. Treatments werearranged as a complete factorial with the following factors: four soils obtained from the Residue UtilizationPlots (RUP), Columbia Basin Research Center, Pendleton, OR (beef manure or pea [Pisum sativum L.) vineresidue, 0 or 90 kg N ha(-1), applied biennially since 1931); four greenhouse amendments (pea vine, compostedbeef or poultry manure, or control); and four rates of N fertilizer (0-1600 mg N [2 kg]-1 soil as NH4NO3). In theabsence of organic residue or N fertilizer, soil from the manure RUP produced greater dry matter yield (DMY)and plant N uptake than soil from the other RUP treatments. There was no net N mineralization from beefmanure added in the greenhouse. Between 10 and 30% of the total poultry manure and pea vine N added wastaken up by the four maize crops. Results showed that, by the fourth crop, when inorganic N applications haddecreased to zero, plant productivity by organic residues was best maintained by pea vine residue or poultrymanure.

195.NAL Call No.: SB319.2.F6F56Pole bean yield as influenced by composted yard waste soil amendments.Kostewicz, S. R. Proc-annu-meet-Fla-State-Hort-Soc. [S.l.] : The Society v.106: p.206-208. (1994 May)Meeting held October 19-21, 1993, Miami Beach, Florida.Descriptors: phaseolus-vulgaris; composts; sandy-soils; fertilizers; application- rates; nitrogen; crop-yield

Go to: Author Index | Subject Index | Top of DocumentCitation no.: 1, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 210,

220, 230, 240, 250, 250, 260, 270

196.NAL Call No.: S590.C63A possible flaw in EPA's 1993 new sludge rule due to heavy metal interactions.Wallace, A.; Wallace, G. A. Commun-soil-sci-plant-anal v.25(1/2): p.129-135. (1994)In the special issue devoted to perspectives on relationships between sustainability of soil and the environment /edited by A. Wallace.Descriptors: composts; sewage-sludge; application-to-land; regulations; heavy- metals; interactions;phytotoxicity; usa

197.NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58Potential of spent mushroom substrate for bioremediation purposes.Buswell, J. A. Compost-sci-util v.2(3): p.31-36. (1994 Summer)Paper presented at the symposium, "Spent Mushroom Substrate, March 11-14, 1994, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.Descriptors: bioremediation; polluted-soils; contaminants; mushroom-compost; phanerochaete-chrysosporium;enzyme-activity; biodegradation; kraft-mill-effluent; pulp-mill- effluent; waste-treatment

198.NAL Call No.: SB317.5.H68Potential utilization of yardwaste compost in Virginia: a survey of nursery operations.May, J. H.; Simpson, T. W.; Relf, D. HortTechnology v.4(3): p.288-290. (1994 July-1994 Sept.)Includes references.Descriptors: composts; growing-media; nurseries; surveys; leaves; pruning-trash; grass-clippings; virginia

199.NAL Call No.: TJ163.4.U6E36Producing garden vegetables with organic soil amendments.Stephens, J. M.; Kostewicz, S. R. EES. Gainesville, Fla. : Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute ofFood and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida v.327: p.6 (1994 Mar.)Descriptors: organic-amendments; vegetable-growing; organic-matter; organic- fertilizers; green-manures;cover-crops; mulches; composting; composts; animal-manures; florida

200.NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58Production of tomato seedlings on composts of vine branches and grape prunings, husks and seeds.Kostov, O.; Tzvetkov, Y.; Kaloianova, N.; Cleemput, O. v. Compost-sci-util v.4(2): p.55-61. (1996 Spring)Includes references.Descriptors: lycopersicon-esculentum; seedlings; growing-media; composts; mixtures; peat; comparisons; vitis; branches; pruning-trash; husks; seeds; composting; microbial- activities;microbial-flora; biomass; carbon; respiration; carbon-dioxide; ammonium-nitrogen; nitrate-nitrogen; seedling-growth; dry-matter-accumulation; stems; length; diameter; leaves; specific-respiration

201.NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58Programs for improved compost rate calibration.Fitzpatrick, G. E.; Tyler, R. W. Compost-sci-util v.3(2): p.93-96. (1995 Spring)Includes references.Descriptors: composts; application-to-land; application-rates; calibration; calculation; programming

202.NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58The progress of composting research in Florida.

Compost-sci-util v.2(1): p.51-56. (1994 Winter)Descriptors: composts; utilization; citrus; lycopersicon; lycopersicon-esculentum; capsicum-annuum; container-grown-plants; ornamental-plants; lawns-and-turf; woody-plants; research-projects; florida

203.NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734Protecting groundwater while recycling nutrients.Maynard, A. A. Biocycle v.35(5): p.40. (1994 May)Descriptors: vegetable-growing; nutrient-sources; composts; application-to-land; nitrate; nitrogen-content;groundwater; groundwater-pollution; environmental-impact; connecticut

204.NAL Call No.: 448.3-Ap5Purification and characterization of thermostable beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase of Bacillusstearothermophilus CH-4 isolated from chitin-containing compost.Sakai, K.; Narihara, M.; Kasama, Y.; Wakayama, M.; Moriguchi, M. Appl-environ- microbiol v.60(8): p.2911-2915. (1994 Aug.)Includes references.Descriptors: bacillus-stearothermophilus; beta-n-acetylhexosaminidase; amino- acid-sequences; purification;enzyme-activity; composts; chitin; crab- waste; food-wastes; shrimps; fish; molecular-sequence-dataAbstract: Thermostable exochitinase was purified to homogeneity from the culture fluid of Bacillusstearothermophilus CH-4, which was isolated from agricultural compost containing shrimp and crabs. Theenzyme was a single polypeptide with a molecular mass of 74 kDa, and the N- terminal amino acid sequencewas WDKVGVTDLIISLNIPEADAVVVGMTLQLQALHLY. The enzyme specifically hydrolyzed C-4 beta-anomeric bonding of N-acetylchitooligosaccharides, well as their p-nitrophenyl (pNP) derivatives. The enzymealso hydrolyzed pNP-beta-N- acetyl-D-galactosaminide (26% of the activity of pNP-beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminide). These results indicated that the enzyme is a beta-N- acetylhexosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.52). Km(s)for acetylchitooligosaccharides were 1 X 10(-)4 to 6 X 10(-4) M, while those for the pNP derivatives were 4 X10(-3) to 8 X 10(-3) M. The optimum temperature of the enzyme was 75 degrees C, and it retained 100 and 28%reactivity after heating at 60 and 80 degrees C, respectively. The enzyme exhibited 15 to 20% activity in areaction mixture containing 80% organic solvents and maintained 91% of its original activity after exposure to 8M urea. The optimum and stable pH was around 6.5. Fe2+, Zn2+, and Ca2+ activated the enzyme, but Hg2+was inhibitory. N-acetyl-D-glucosamine inhibited the enzyme competitively (Ki = 4.3 X 10(-4) M), whereas N-acetyl-D-galactosamine did not; in contrast, D-glucosamine and D-galactosamine activated it.

205.NAL Call No.: QR53.J68Putative anaerobic activity in aerated composts.Atkinson, C. F.; Jones, D. D.; Gauthier, J. J. J-ind-microbiol v.16(3): p.182-188. (1996 Mar.)Includes references.Descriptors: composts; solid-wastes; aeration; aerobes; anaerobes; growth; enzymes; biosynthesis;measurement; microenvironments; municipal-solid-wastes; pulp-and- paper-mill-primary-solid-wastes;exoenzymesAbstract: It has been suggested that anaerobic microenvironments develop in aerobic composts, regardless of theaeration system used, and that anaerobic activity is responsible for odor generation and nitrogen losses. Thisstudy was designed to measure levels of microorganisms capable of anaerobic growth in two aerated composts:municipal solid waste, a relatively nutrient-rich compost, and pulp and paper-mill solid waste, which is relativelynutrient-poor. Anaerobic microorganisms were isolated from both composts at mesophilic and thermophilictemperatures. The majority of the anaerobic mesophiles were facultative anaerobes, whereas facultative,anaerobic thermophiles varied from 0 to 100%. Serially-diluted samples were spot-plated onto various media topreserve microbial consortia. Levels of aerobic and anaerobic exoenzyme production on spot-plates were similaron cell-wall, starch, and casein media. Although microbial levels on spread plates indicate that aerobes arepresent in much higher numbers than anaerobes (in 47 of 56 subsamples, 90% of the population were aerobes),microbial growth levels and exoenzyme production on spot-plates indicate that anaerobes may be responsible for

a large portion (greater than or equal 72%) of the metabolic activity in anaerobic microenvironments of aerobiccomposts.

206.NAL Call No.: 56.8-C162Quantification of nitrogen mineralization and immobilization in soil in the presence of organicamendments. Quantification des processus de mineralisation et d'organisation de l'azote dans un sol enpresence d'amendements organiques.Jedidi, N.; Cleemput, O. v.; M'Hiri, A. Can-j-soil-sci v.75(1): p.85-91. (1995 Feb.)Anniversary issue.Descriptors: clay-loam-soils; nitrogen; mineralization; immobilization; potassium- nitrate; organic-amendments;composts; age; farmyard-manure; stability; nitrogen-content; carbon-nitrogen-ratio; cellulose; lignin

207.NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82Raised bog peat as the basic material for the production of Rhododendron and azaleas--formation,excavation, processing, substitutes.Schmilewski, G. K.; Harig, R. Acta-hortic (364): p.101-110. (1994 May)Paper presented at the Fifth International Rhododendron Conference, May 18-24, 1992, Bad Zwischenahn,Germany.Descriptors: rhododendron; peat; horticulture; bogs; peat-soils; bark-compost; growing-media; raised-bogs

208.NAL Call No.: TD930.A32The recovery of lignocellulose-degrading enzymes from spent mushroom compost.Ball, A. S.; Jackson, A. M. Bioresour-technol v.54(3): p.311-314. (1995)Includes references.Descriptors: mushroom-compost; extracts; hydrolases; enzyme-activity; lignocellulose; lignin; cellulose; xylan;wheat-straw; fodderAbstract: The recovery of lignocellulose-degrading enzymes from spent mushroom compost was assessed usinga variety of physical and chemical treatments. Maximum recoveries of active xylanase activity were detected inextracts from spent compost which had been physically treated by blending. A range of lignocellulose-degradingactivities was also recovered from blended compost extracts; peroxidases, the xylan-debranching enzymesacetylesterase and arabinofuranosidase, and the cellulose-degrading activities endoglucanase, cellobiohydraseand beta-glucosidase. The compost extract was also shown to be capable of releasing reducing sugars (12 nmolmin-1 g compost-1) from wheat straw. Characterization of the stability of this enzyme activity showed thatmaximum activity could be detected between pH 7 and 9 and after 1 h incubation at 65 degrees C. The activityand stability of the enzymes suggest a potential role for enzyme cocktails from compost extracts in the biologicalupgrading of grass lignocelluloses to animal fodder.

209.NAL Call No.: SB435.5.A645Recycling: is there a tub grinder in your future.Ingham, D. Arbor-age v.15(5): p.14-17. (1995 May)Descriptors: waste-wood; grinders; waste-utilization; composts; mulches; recycling; composting

210.NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58Recycling of spent mushroom substrates by aerobic composting to produce novel horticultural substrates.Szmidt, R. A. K. Compost-sci-util v.2(3): p.63-72. (1994 Summer)Paper presented at the Spent Mushroom Substrate symposium, March 11-14, 1994, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.Descriptors: mushroom-compost; composting; recycling; aerobic-treatment; leaching; physicochemical-properties; gas-production; waste-utilization; substrates; growing- media


211.NAL Call No.: SB952.B75I57- 1995Reduction of Fusarium crown and root rot of tomato by combining soil solarization and metam sodium.McGovern, R. J.; Vavrina, C. S.; Obreza, T. A.; Capece, J. C. 1995 Annual International Research Conferenceon Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions / International Research Conference on MethylBromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions p.34/1- 34/4. (1995)Meeting held on November 6-8, 1995, San Diego, California.Descriptors: lycopersicon-esculentum; fusarium-oxysporum-f; sp; -radicis- lycopersici; fungal-diseases; plant-disease-control; metam; soil-solarization; composts; polyethylene-film; sewage-products; methyl-bromide;chloropicrin; disease-prevalence; crop- yield; soil-temperature; preplanting- treatment; florida

212.NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58Remediation of pesticide contaminated soil by planting and compost addition.Cole, M. A.; Zhang, L.; Liu, X. Compost-sci-util v.3(4): p.20-30. (1995 Autumn)Paper presented at the 36th Rocky Mountain Conference on the Biogeochemistry of Compost, August 1994.Descriptors: polluted-soils; herbicide-residues; contamination; bioremediation; soil; mixtures; composts; yards; wastes; zea-mays; growth; soil- flora; biological-activity-in-soil; microbial-activities;yard-trimmings-composts

213.NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58Response of container-grown nursery crops to raw and composted paper mill sludges.Chong, C.; Cline, R. A. Compost-sci-util v.2(3): p.90-96. (1994 Summer)Includes references.Descriptors: paper-mill-sludge; composts; bark-compost; mixtures; growing- media; cornus-alba; cotoneaster-dammeri; weigela; container-grown- plants; shoots; roots; biomass-production; leaves; nutrients; nutrient-uptake

214.NAL Call No.: SB319.2.F6F56Response of cucumber to organic soil amendments.Stephens, J. M.; Kostewicz, S. R. Proc-annu-meet-Fla-State-Hort-Soc. [S.l.] : The Society v.107: p.382-384.(1995 June)Includes references.Descriptors: cucumis-sativus; soil-amendments; organic-fertilizers; composts; solid-wastes; animal-manures;waste-utilization; crop-yield; fruits; florida

215.NAL Call No.: TD172.W36Restoring the capacity of spent mushroom compost to treat coal mine drainage by reducing the inflowrate: a microcosm experiment.Stark, L. R.; Wenerick, W. R.; Williams, F. M.; Stevens, S. E. Jr.; Wuest, P. J. Water-air- soil-pollut v.75(3/4):p.405-420. (1994 June)Includes references.Descriptors: mushroom-compost; acid-mine-drainage; coal-mined-land; coal- mine-spoil; ph; redox-potential;iron; manganese; oxidation; reduction; chemical-precipitation

216.NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58The roles of spent mushroom substrate for the mitigation of coal mine drainage.

Stark, L. R.; Williams, F. M. Compost-sci-util v.2(4): p.84-94. (1994 Autumn)Includes references.Descriptors: mushroom-compost; substrates; coal-mined-land; drainage; wetlands; waste-water-treatment;biological-treatment; waste-utilization; appalachian-states-of-usa; constructed-wetlands; mine-water-treatment

217.NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58Ryegrass utilization of nutrients released from composted biosolids and cow manure.Chen, L.; Dick, W. A.; Streeter, J. G.; Hoitink, H. A. J. Compost-sci-util v.4(1): p.73-83. (1996 Winter)Includes references.Descriptors: lolium-perenne; composts; sewage- sludge; cattle-manure; fertilizers; application-rates; nutrient-sources; nutrients; release; nutrient- availability; nitrogen; nutrient- uptake; dry-matter-accumulation;phosphorus; potassium; plant-composition; nutrient-content

218.NAL Call No.: S592.7.A1S6Sample size requirements to evaluate spore germination inhibition by compost extracts.Yohalem, D. S.; Voland, R.; Nordheim, E. V.; Harris, R. F.; Andrews, J. H. Soil-biol- biochem v.28(4/5): p.519-525. (1996 Apr.-1996 May)Includes references.Descriptors: malus; venturia-inaequalis; conidia; fungal-diseases; plant-disease- control; biological-control;composts; extracts; efficacy; assessment- ; spore-germination; inhibition; samples; size; determinationAbstract: We examined the effect of compost sample size (50 to 5000 g) on the precision of estimates ofinhibition of Venturia inaequalis (Cke) Winter conidial germination induced by extracts of anaerobically-incubated composts. Composts were prepared from vegetable material; some were amended with manure.Variability due to sample size was considered as a function of extract efficacy (high, medium or low) andcompost heterogeneity (high or low). Extract efficacy was characterized as ability to inhibit more than 75% ofthe conidia (high), 75 to 40% (medium), or fewer than 40% (low). Heterogeneity was characterized as visual ortactile presence (high) or absence (low) of parent material in the compost. To address the question of samplesize-related variability we partitioned individual extract incubations (samples) into aliquots (subsamples), andaliquots into microtiter plate wells (sub- sub-samples). For this nested design, the largest component of variationwas consistently found to be that associated with wells; aliquots were a negligible source of variation. Samplesize over the range examined was generally of small importance for extracts of medium and high efficacy, butnot low efficacy, independent of compost heterogeneity. For previously untested composts, particularly those ofhigh heterogeneity, statistical analyses of our data suggest that samples of at least 500 g circumvent potentiallylarge errors and consequent difficulties to detect differences among composts or effects of experimentalvariables.

219.NAL Call No.: S592.7.A1S6Seasonal variation of soil protease activities and their relation to proteolytic bacteria and Bacillus spp inpaddy field soil.Watanabe, K.; Hayano, K. Soil-biol-biochem v.27(2): p.197-203. (1995 Feb.)Includes references.Descriptors: soil-bacteria; bacillus; proteinases; enzyme-activity; proteolysis; seasonal-variation; paddy-soils;bacterial-spores; plate-count; ammonia- ; application-rates; rice- straw; composts; caseinaseAbstract: Hydrolytic activities toward benzyloxycarbonyl-L-phenylalanyl-L- leucine (z-FLase) and casein(caseinase) in soil were measured during rice cultivation, before irrigation, before and after midsummerdrainage, and before and after the final drainage. The activities were maintained at a high level in three paddyfields, an organic-manure field (z- FLase, 191-684 pKat g-1 dry wt soil; caseinase, 220-652 pKat g-1 dry wtsoil), a chemical- fertilizer field (z-FLase, 368-472 pKat g-1 dry wt soil; caseinase, 319-773 pKat g-1 dry wtsoil) and a no-fertilizer field (z-FLase, 358-702 pKat g-1 dry wt soil; caseinase, 424-758 pKat g-1 dry wt soil).The total numbers of bacteria did not correlate with soil protease activities. Numbers of proteolytic bacterialgroups, counted on azocoll agar plates and with a MPN method, correlated well with the soil z- FLase activity (r

= 0.625 to 0.767). Numbers of vegetative cells and total cells of Bacillus spp decreased after irrigation andcontinued to decrease until after the final drainage, with only a weak negative correlation between their numberand soil water content (r = -0.488 and - 0.555). The ratio of spores-to-total cell numbers of Bacillus sppincreased after irrigation and reached a maximum after 1-2 months, when 43- 100% of Bacillus cells existed asspores. The number of spores of Bacillus spp was weakly correlated with the soil caseinase activity (r = 0.459).

220.NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82Seedling production in Solanaceae crops.Seniz, V. Acta-hortic (366): p.243-250. (1994 Aug.)Paper presented at the Second Symposium on Protected Cultivation of Solanacea in Mild Winter Climates, April13-16, 1993, Adana, Turkey.Descriptors: lycopersicon-esculentum; seedlings; composts; sowing; transplanting; agronomic-characteristics;perlite; peat; fertilizers; turkey

221.NAL Call No.: SB433.T874Selecting composts to improve your turf.Landschoot, P.; McNitt, A. Turf-grass-trends p.1-5. (1994 Dec.)Descriptors: composts; lawns-and-turf; application-methods; soil-management

222.NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58Sequential extraction of heavy metals found in MSW-derived compost.Bourque, C. L.; LeBlanc, D.; Losier, M. Compost-sci-util v.2(3): p.83-89. (1994 Summer)Includes references.Descriptors: refuse-compost; heavy-metals; bioavailability; extraction; leaching; methodology

223.NAL Call No.: S631.F422Sequential extraction of nine tree elements from sludge-amended soils.El Demerdashe, S.; Dahdoh, M. S. A.; Hassan, F. A. Fertil-res v.41(2): p.77-85. (1995)Includes references.Descriptors: agricultural-soils; waste-utilization; sewage-sludge; composts; effluents; application-to-land;duration; soil-analysis; fractionation; extraction; heavy-metals; zinc; copper; iron; manganese; chromium;nickel; cobalt; lead; cadmium; chemical-analysis; bioavailability; soil-depth; chemical-formsAbstract: Three separate samples taken from particular location of El-Gabal El- Asfar soils treated withcomposted sludge and irrigated with liquid sludge effluent were compared with untreated soil. These soils weresampled at 5 depths. i.e. 0-15, 15-30, 30-45, 45- 60 and 60-75 cm to estimate the forms of nine trace metals inthe solid phase. The soils had been amended with sewage sludge and irrigated with sludge liquids for differentperiods, i.e. 20, 40 and 60 years. The soil samples were fractionated by sequential extraction to estimate thequantities of these metals in "exchangeable", "sorbed" "organic", "carbonate", and "sulfide" forms. Data revealthat most of these elements were concentrated (preferential fixation) in the surface layer (0-15 cm), possiblybecause of the slight decrease in soil apparent density resulting from sludge application. The trace metal contentsin exchangeable and sorbed forms of most metals were very low. Sulfide, carbonate and organic forms wereshown to be the dominant fractions for most trace metals under study and varied from one element to another.Nevertheless, at least 6 of these metals have a common behaviour. At the longterm addition of sludgeapplication, the predominant metals were: Zn, Fe, Mn, Cr, Ni and Co in sulfide form; Cu in organic form, and Pband Cd in the carbonate form.

224.NAL Call No.: HC79.E5E5Shoot biomass of turfgrass cultivars grown on composted waste.Roberts, B. R.; Kohorst, S. D.; Decker, H. F.; Yaussy, D. Environ-manage. (New York, Springer-Verlag) v.19(5):p.735-739 (1995 Sept.-1995 Oct.)

Includes references.Descriptors: sewage-sludge; composts; grass-clippings; cultivars; biomass- production; heavy-metals; lolium-perenne; festuca-arundinacea; festuca- longifolia; festuca- rubra; poa-pratensis; dry-matter-accumulation

225.NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58Short-term and long-term impact of an initial large scale SMS soil amendment on vegetable cropproductivity and resource use efficiency.Steffen, K. L.; Dann, M. S.; Fager, K.; Fleischer, S. J.; Harper, J. K. Compost-sci- util v.2(4): p.75-83. (1994Autumn)Includes references.Descriptors: mushroom-compost; lycopersicon-esculentum; zea-mays; phaseolus- vulgaris; brassica; wheat-straw; soil-organic-matter; crop-yield; plant- composition; economic- analysis; costs; spent-mushroom-substrate


226.NAL Call No.: 56.8-C162Short-term nitrogen dynamics in soil amended with fresh and composted cattle manures.Paul, J. W.; Beauchamp, E. G. Can-j-soil-sci v.74(2): p.147-155. (1994 May)Includes references.Descriptors: zea-mays; nitrogen; nutrient-uptake; nutrient-availability; cattle- manure; composts; ammonium-nitrogen; mineral-ization; immobilization- ; soil-temperature

227.NAL Call No.: HD9484.C65P54-- 1994The skin of the earth : a life story of environmental stewardship.Philippe, P. 1.; Benner, P. xiv, 121 p., ill., map. (Escart Press, Waterloo, Ont., 1994)Includes bibliographical references: p. 119-121.Descriptors: Philippe,-Pierre,-1912-; grow-rich-waste-recycling-systems; farmers- channel-islands-biography;businessmen-canada-biography; compost

228.NAL Call No.: TD419.R47Sludge management using the biodegradable organic fraction of municipal solid waste as a primarysubstrate.Kayhanian, M.; Rich, D. Water-environ-res v.68(2): p.240-252. (1996 Mar.-1996 Apr.)Includes references.Descriptors: composting; anaerobic-digestion; sewage-sludge; activated-sludge; refuse; mixtures; waste-treatment; anaerobic-digesters; composts; refuse-compost; anaerobic- composting; aerobic-biodrying

229.NAL Call No.: 56.8-C162Soil amendments and water-stable aggregation of a desurfaced Dark Brown Chernozem.Sun, H.; Larney, F. J.; Bullock, M. S. Can-j-soil-sci v.75(3): p.319-325. (1995 Aug.)Includes references.Descriptors: chernozems; eroded-soils; erodibility; aggregates; stability; animal- manures; composts; crop-residues; fertilizers; comparisons; erosion-control; efficacy; soil-water- content; soil-organic-matter; alberta;aggregate-soil-water-content; soil-aggregation

230.NAL Call No.: QH84.8.B46Soil enzymatic response to addition of municipal solid-waste compost.Serra Wittling, C.; Houot, S.; Barriuso, E. Biol-fertil-soils v.20(4): p.226-236. (1995)Includes references.Descriptors: refuse-compost; soil-flora; biological-activity-in-soil; soil-enzymes; enzyme-activity;mineralization; organic-matter; organic-compounds; decomposition; vermiculture; loam-soils; carbon-mineralizationAbstract: Modifications of soil microbiological activity by the addition of municipal solid-waste compost werestudied in laboratory incubations. Three composts were compared, one lumbricompost and two classicalcomposts with different maturation times. Organic C mineralization and nine enzyme activities (dehydrogenase,peroxidase, cellulase, beta-glucosidase, beta-galactosidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, protease, amidase,and urease) were determined in the composts and the amended soil. Initial enzyme activities varied in the soilaccording to the sampling date (winter or summer) and were greater in the composts than in the soil, except forurease. Generally, the youngest compost exhibited greater activity than the oldest one. In the amended soil, thecomposts did not increase enzyme activity in an additive way. Dehydrogenase, the only strictly endocellularenzyme, was the only one for which the activity in the amended soil increased significantly in proportion to theaddition of compost. During the incubations, C mineralization and dehydrogenase activity were significantlycorrelated, indicating that dehydrogenase was a reliable indicator of global microbial activity. Peroxidaseactivity in the soil remained constant, but increased in the composts and amended soil. Addition of the oldestcompost had no effect on the activity of the C cycle enzymes, but the youngest compost increased soil activity atthe higher application rate. Enzymes of the N cycle were stimulated by all compost amendments, but theincrease was only transient for amidase and urease. Lumbricomposting had no marked effect on compostenzyme activity, either before or during the incubation.

231.NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734Soil science with a palette of composts.Riggle, D. Biocycle v.36(5): p.74-77. (1995 May)Descriptors: soil; composts; soil-amendments; mixtures; product-development

232.NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58Soilless growing media amended with sugarcane filtercake compost for citrus rootstock production.Stoffella, P. J.; Li, Y. C.; Calvert, D. V.; Graetz, D. A. Compost-sci-util v.4(2): p.21-25. (1996 Spring)Includes references.Descriptors: citrus-aurantium; citrus-reticulata; rootstocks; seedlings; seedling- growth; growing-media;soilless-culture; amendments; filter-cake; composts; sugarcane-bagasse; peat; mixtures; seed-germination;seedling-emergence; plant-height; shoots; roots; weight; root-shoot-ratio; chlorophyll; leaves; nutrient-content; plant-composition; plant-nutrition; mean-days-to-emergence

233.NAL Call No.: S623.G47-- 1995The soul of soil : a guide to ecological soil management. Gershuny, G.; Smillie, J. xvii, 174p. (agAccess, Davis, CA , 1995)3rd ed.; Includes bibliographical references (p.159-165) and index.Descriptors: soil-conservation; soil-management; soil-physics; agricultural- conservation; compost

234.NAL Call No.: TD172.C54Sources of PCDD/PCDF and impact on the environment.Fiedler, H. Chemosphere v.32(1 ): p.55-64. (1996 Jan.)In the special issue: Chlorinated dioxins, PCB and related compounds 1994. I / edited by H. Fiedler, O.

Hutzinger, S. Safe and S. Sakai.Descriptors: polychlorinated-dibenzofurans; organochlorine-compounds; air- pollutants; air-pollution; emission;sewage-sludge; composts; refuse- compost; application-to- land; soil-pollution; germany; polychlorinated-dibenzo-p-dioxins

235.NAL Call No.: QH84.8.B46Soybean nodulation and nitrogen fixation on soil amended with plant residues.Heckman, J. R.; Kluchinski, D. Biol-fertil-soils v.20(4): p.284-288. (1995)Includes references.Descriptors: glycine-max; rhizobium; nodulation; nitrogen-fixation; inhibition; litter-plant; leaves; crop-residues; organic-amendments; composts; nitrogen; nutrient- deficiencies; dry-matter-accumulation; leaf-compostsAbstract: Residues from some tree species may contain allelopathic chemicals that have the potential to inhibitplant growth and symbiotic N2- fixing microorganisms. Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] was grown in pots tocompare nodulation and N2-fixation responses of the following soil amendments: control soil, leaf compost, redoak (Quercus rubra L.) leaves, sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh) leaves, sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L.)leaves, black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) leaves, rye (Secale cereale L.) straw, and corn (Zea mays L.) stover.Freshly fallen leaves were collected from urban shade trees. Soil was amended with 20 g kg-1 air-dried, groundplant materials. Nodulating and nonnodulating isolines of "Clark" soybean were grown to the R2 stage todetermine N2-fixation by the difference method. Although nodulation was not adversely affected, soybeangrown on leaf-amended soil exhibited temporary N deficiency until nodulation. Nodule number was increasedby more than 40% for soybean grown on amended soil, but nodule dry matter per plant generally was notchanged compared with control soil. Nonnodulating plants were severely N deficient and stunted as aconsequence of N immobilization. Nodulating soybean plants grown on leaf or crop residue amended soil weremore dependent on symbiotically fixed N and had lower dry matter yields than the controls. When leaves werecomposted, the problem of N immobilization was avoided and dry matter yield was not reduced. No indicationof an allelopathic inhibition on nodulation or N2-fixation from heavy applications of oak, maple, sycamore, orwalnut leaves to soil was observed.

236.NAL Call No.: 421-En895Spectral reflectance from a broccoli crop with vegetation or soil as background: influence on immigrationby Brevicoryne brassicae and Myzus persicae.Costello, M. J. Entomol-exp-appl v.75(2): p.109-118. (1995 May)Includes references.Descriptors: brassica-oleracea-var; -botrytis; brevicoryne-brassicae; myzus- persicae; populations; reflectance;wavelengths; spectral-data; light- intensity; phototaxis; intercropping; cover-crops; monoculture; composts;nitrogen-fertilizers; california; background- reflectance; bare-soil-reflectance; synthetic-fertilizers

237.NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734State strategies for part 503 implementation.O'Dette, R. G. Biocycle v.36(2): p.69-70, 72-73. (1995 Feb.)Descriptors: composts; sewage-sludge; application-to-land; regulations; usa; biosolids

238.NAL Call No.: 448.3-Ap5Straw compost and bioremediated soil as inocula for the bioremediation of chlorophenol-contaminatedsoil.Laine, M. M.; Jorgensen, K. S. Appl-environ-microbiol v.62(5): p.1507-1513. (1996 May)Includes references.Descriptors: polluted-soils; bioremediation; pentachlorophenol; microbial- degradation; mineralization;composts; rye-straw; wheat-straw; bacteria; actinomycetales; inoculum; soil-inoculation; bacterial-count;

biological-activity-in-soil; biotransformationAbstract: We evaluated the use of straw compost and remediated soil as inocula for bioremediation ofchlorophenol-contaminated soil. The in situ biotransformation of pentachlorophenol (PCP) and mineralization ofradiolabeled [U-14C]PCP by straw compost and remediated soil were studied under field-simulating conditionsbefore and after 3 months of adaptation with PCP in a percolator. After PCP adaptation, the straw compostmineralized up to 56% of the [14C]PCP. No partial dechlorination of PCP was found. The native straw compostdid not mineralize PCP, but partial dechlorination of PCP occurred (i) at pH 8 under near- thermophilicconditions (45 degrees C) and (ii) at pH 7 under aerobic and mesophilic conditions. No biotransformationreactions occurred at room temperature (25 degrees C) at pH 8. Enrichment in the percolator enhanced themineralization rate of remediated soil to 56% compared with that of the native remediated soil, whichmineralized 24% of [14C]PCP added. Trace amounts of chloroanisoles as the only biotransformation productswere detected in PCP- adapted remediated soil. Both inoculants studied here showed effective mineralization ofPCP when they were adapted to PCP in the precolator. No harmful side reactions, such as extensive methylation,were observed.

239.NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734Successful bioremediation with compost.Biocycle v.36(2): p.57-59. (1995 Feb.)Descriptors: polluted-soils; petroleum; contamination; bioremediation; composts; poultry-manure

240.NAL Call No.: SB952.B75I57- 1995Suitability of organic compost and broccoli mulch soil treatments for commercial strawberry productionon the California central coast.Sances, F. V.; Ingham, E. L. 1995 Annual International Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternativesand Emissions Reductions / International Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and EmissionsReductions p.19. (1995)Meeting held on November 6-8, 1995, San Diego, California.Descriptors: fragaria-ananassa; mushroom-compost; forest-litter; brassica- oleracea-var -italica; crop-residues;plant-pathogenic-fungi; cultural-control; incorporation; mulches; preplanting-treatment; low-input-agriculture;crop-yield; pesticides; california; chemical-vs; -cultural-disease-control


241.NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734Superfund crosses the compost line.Biocycle v.36(8): p.71. (1995 Aug.)Descriptors: soil-pollution; bioremediation; composts; application-to-land

242.NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734Suppressing disease in field crops.Ozores Hampton, M.; Bryan, H.; McMilan, R. Jr. Biocycle v.35(7): p.60-61. (1994 July)Descriptors: horticultural-crops; plant-pathogens; plant-diseases; plant-disease- control; cultural-control;suppression; composts; application-to-land; florida

243.NAL Call No.: S671.A66Survival of weed seeds and seed pathogen propagates in composted grass seed straw.Churchill, D. B.; Alderman, S. C.; Mueller Warrant, G. W.; Elliott, L. F.; Bilsland, D. M. Appl-eng-agric v.12(1):

p.57-63. (1996 Jan.)Includes references.Descriptors: composting; lolium-perenne; crop-residues; poa-annua; lolium- multiflorum; festuca-arundinacea;weeds; seeds; viability; helotiales; claviceps-purpurea; survival; composts; turning; temperature; collection;windrows; quality; compost-quality; gloeotinia-temulenta; windrow-composting; fungal-propagulesAbstract: Seeds of annual bluegrass (Poa annua), annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and tall fescue (Festucaarundinacea Schreber), and propagules of two fungal pathogens of grass Gloeotinia temulenta (blindseed) andClaviceps purpurea (ergot) were placed in mesh packets and inserted into compost windrows of perennialryegrass (Lolium perenne) straw. Compost treatments included three types of straw, two methods of turning, andthree depths of seed or propagule placement. Packets were inserted to depths of 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 m (1, 2, and 3ft) and corresponding internal compost temperatures were recorded weekly. Windrows were turned either zero,two, four, or six times over eight months. During the 1992-1993 season, windrows were turned with acommercial straddle-type compost turner and in the 1993-1994 season, windrows were turned with a tractorfront-end loader. Composting proceeded without addition of nitrogen except for that present in the straw andwithout water beyond normal rainfall. Survival of weed seeds and pathogen propagules decreased with numbersof turns, but was not related to straw collection method, depth of packet placement, or method of turning.

244.NAL Call No.: 436.8-J82The susceptibility of different species of sciarid flies to entomopathogenic nematodes.Gouge, D. H.; Hague, N. G. M. J-helminthol v.69(4): p.313-318. (1995 Dec.)Includes references.Descriptors: sciaridae; insect-pests; steinernema; strains; heterorhabditis; entomophilic-nematodes; mortality;susceptibility; temperature; dispersal; composts; insect- control; biological-control; efficacy

245.NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58Sustained vegetable production for three years using composted animal manures.Maynard, A. A. Compost-sci-util v.2(1): p.88-96. (1994 Winter)Includes references.Descriptors: vegetables; crop-production; mushroom-compost; poultry-manure; composts; sustainability;connecticut

246.NAL Call No.: 290.9- Am32TTemporal variation of soil hydraulic properties on municipal solid waste amended mine soils.Felton, G. K. Trans-ASAE v.38(3): p.775-782. (1995 May-1995 June)Includes references.Descriptors: soil; mined-land; reclamation; solid-wastes; composts; organic- matter; bulk-density; soil-water-retention; hydraulic-conductivity; sorption; kentuckyAbstract: Composted municipal solid waste (MSW) was applied to reclaimed surface mine spoil to quantify theimpacts on the saturated hydraulic conductivity, bulk density, soil water retention, and sorptivity in the surfacesoil. Treatment levels of 14.0 and 28.0 Mg/ha were incorporated to approximately 130 mm on a relatively flat0.93-ha site in eastern Kentucky. The logarithm of hydraulic conductivity increased from log(8.45 X 10(-8) m/s)to log(3.58 X 10(-6) m/s) and the bulk density decreased from 1.74 to 1.49 Mg/m3. For hydraulic conductivityresults to be meaningful, hydraulic conductivity data should be transformed logarithmically prior to anystatistical operation, including averaging. There was no significant difference in any parameter between the twotreatment levels. Linear time variations over the three-year study were significant for the bulk density and forsoil water retention, both of which decreased with time. A seasonal variation, which was statistically significantover some growing seasons and not others, occurred in hydraulic conductivity, bulk density, and soil waterretention.

247.NAL Call No.: S590.S68

Testing a low-quality urban compost as a fertilizer for arable farming. Murillo, J. M.; Lopez, R.; Cabrera, F.; Martin Olmedo, P. Soil-use-manage v.11(3): p.127-131. (1995 Sept.)Includes references.Descriptors: arable-soils; composts; refuse; quality; application-to-land; application-rates; lolium; crop-yield;dry-matter-accumulation; nitrogen; mineralization; nutrient-uptake; copper; nickel; cadmium; lead; heavy-metals; uptake; organic-fertilizers; efficiency; spain; agronomic-efficiencyAbstract: A coarse urban compost, low in organic matter but mature, was tested for agricultural use. Theresponse of Tewera ryegrass to this compost (applied at 12 and 48 t/ha) was evaluated in a field trial over twoyears. For a satisfactory yield the larger dose was necessary. This dose also gave greater values for the apparentrecovery of N in both years. However, the N concentration in ryegrass was always below the sufficiency rangesproposed for N. The values of the potentially mineralizable N of the compost showed that the applied N at thegreater rate of compost application was not sufficient to cover crop removal of N. In contrast, concentrations ofP, S, K, Mn and Zn were within their corresponding sufficiency ranges. The dose of 48 t/ha did not increase Cu,Ni, Pb and Cd concentrations in the ryegrass.

248.NAL Call No.: 448.3-In8Thermocrispum gen. nov., a new genus of the order Actinomycetales, and description of Thermocrispummunicipale sp. nov. and Thermocrispum agreste sp. nov.Korn Wendisch, F.; Rainey, F.; Kroppenstedt, R. M.; Kempf, A.; Majazza, A.; Kutzner, H. J.; Stackebrandt, E.Int-j-syst-bacteriol v.45(1): p.67-77. (1995 Jan.)Includes references.Descriptors: actinomycetales; thermophilic-actinomycetes; new-genus; new- species; composts; refuse;mushroom-compost; morphology; chemotaxonomy; phenotypes; phylogeny; descriptions; germany

249.NAL Call No.: SB1.H6Time-domain reflectometry for measuring water content of organic growing media in containers.Anisko, T.; NeSmith, D. S.; Lindstrom, O. M. HortScience v.29(12): p.1511-1513. (1994 Dec.)Includes references.Descriptors: time-domain-reflectometry; water-content; sand; bark-compost; pine- bark; peat; growing-media;containers; metro-mix-300Abstract: The time domain reflectometry (TDR) method of measuring water content teas been applied to mineralsoils but not to organic growing media. We investigated the applicability of TDR for measuring the watercontent of organic media in containers. TDR calibration was conducted for sand, peat, composted pine bark,sand and peat mix, sand and bark mix, and a commercial growing medium (Metro Mix 300). Regressionanalysis of volumetric water content was conducted with the ratio of apparent: physical length of the probe(La:L) as an independent variable. The calibration curve for Metro Mix 300 was compared to curves generatedfor a range of soils by other investigators. Additionally, water content and La:L changes were monitored inMetro Mix 300 for 10 months end were compared to predicted values from the calibration curve. Organic mediahad a higher water content than sand for the same La:L value. Equations developed by previous authorsgenerally underestimated water content when compared with the calibration curve for Metro Mix 300. Weattribute this difference to a large fraction of highly decomposed organic matter or vermiculite and, thus, to thepresence of more bound water. Specific calibration of TDR may be required to determine the absolute watercontent of organic growing media.

250.NAL Call No.: S590.C63Total and extractable copper and zinc as assessors of phytotoxicity in soilless potting media.Handreck, K. A. Commun-soil-sci-plant-anal v.25(13/14): p.2313-2340. (1994)Includes references.Descriptors: agrostis-capillaris; horticultural-crops; pine-bark; soilless-culture; copper-sulfate; zinc-sulfate;composts; copper; zinc; nutrient- availability; nutrient-content; phytotoxicity; correlation; heavy-metals

251.NAL Call No.: TD930.A32Transference of heavy metals from a calcareous soil amended with sewage-sludge compost to barleyplants.Moreno, J. L.; Garcia, C.; Hernandez, T.; Pascual, J. A. Bioresour-technol v.55(3): p.251-258. (1996 Mar.)Includes references.Descriptors: hordeum-vulgare; calcareous-soils; composts; sewage-sludge; heavy- metals; contaminants;uptake; barley; barley-straw; yields; correlation; chemical-composition; grain-yield; straw-yieldAbstract: Barley plants were cultivated in a calcareous soil (pH 8.77) amended, at different rates, with sewage-sludge composts containing different heavy-metal contents and the transference of these heavy metals to theplant was studied. The addition to the soil of contaminated compost (mainly in Cd) at a high rate led to adecrease in grain yield but did not affect straw yield. Cadmium and Zn were easily absorbed by barley plants,increasing their concentration with respect to the control in plants grown in the soil amended with compostcontaining high amounts of these metals. However, Ni and particularly Cu were retained by organic matter andwere not transferred to plants. Regardless of the compost heavy-metal contents, plants grown in amended soilsshowed higher N and P contents than control plants. The concentrations of Cd and Zn in soils were positivelycorrelated with Cd and Zn contents in the plants, while no correlation was found between the concentrations ofCu or Ni in soil and plant. After cultivation, amended soils showed a better nutritional state than control soil(higher N- NO3(-) and total- and available-P than the control).

252.NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734Transitional farmers expand compost markets.Biocycle v.35(4): p.54-55. (1994 Apr.)Descriptors: composts; application-to-land; markets; alternative-farming

253.NAL Call No.: TP995.A1I5Treatment of carbamate insecticide rinsates using media from the mushroom production industry.Kuo, W. S.; Regan, R. W. Sr. Proc-Ind-Waste-Conf. (Chelsea, Mich. : Lewis Publishers) v.48: p.663-675. (1994)Meeting held on May 10-12, 1993, West Lafayette, Indiana.Descriptors: carbaryl; carbofuran; aldicarb; waste-water; insecticide-residues; waste-water-treatment;adsorption; mushroom-compost; microbial- degradation; biological- treatment; aerobic-treatment; spent-mushroom-compost

254.NAL Call No.: 442.8-An72Tuber surface microorganisms influence the susceptibility of potato tubers to late blight.Clulow, S. A.; Stewart, H. E.; Dashwood, E. P.; Wastie, R. L. Ann-appl-biol v.126(1): p.33-43. (1995 Feb.)Includes references.Descriptors: solanum-tuberosum; tubers; phytophthora-infestans; blight; bacteria; fungal-antagonists; disease-resistance; genetic-resistance; composts; soil-water; varietal- susceptibility; cultivars

255.NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58Uniformity of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) and factors in applying recommendations of use.Szmidt, R. A. K.; Chong, C. Compost-sci-util v.31(1): p.64-71. (1995 Winter)Paper presented at the Spent Mushroom Substrate Symposium, March 11-14, 1994, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.Descriptors: mushroom-compost; agricultural-wastes; chemical-composition; nutrient-content; chemical-properties; variation; waste-utilization


256.NAL Call No.: TD172.W36Uptake of multielements by corn form fly ash-compost amended soil.Ghuman, G. S.; Menon, M. P.; Chandra, K.; James, J.; Adriano, D. C.; Sajwan, K. S. Water-air-soil-pollutv.72(1/4): p.285-295. (1994 Jan.)Includes references.Descriptors: zea-mays; nutrient-uptake; mineral-uptake; fly-ash; composts; application-to-land; mineral-content;potassium; magnesium; copper; growth; dry-matter- accumulation; application-rates

257.NAL Call No.: 80-J825Urban and agricultural wastes for use as mulches on avocado and citrus and for delivery of microbialbiocontrol agents.Casale, W. L.; Minassian, V.; Menge, J. A.; Lovatt, C. J.; Pond, E.; Johnson, E.; Guillement, F. J-hortic-sciv.70(2): p.315-332. (1995 Mar.)Includes references.Descriptors: mangifera-indica; citrus; crop-production; mulches; agricultural- wastes; wood-chips; grass-clippings; leaves; rice-husks; alfalfa-hay; cattle-manure; hay; poultry- manure; almonds; hulls; peanut-husks;orange-peel; composts; sewage-sludge; mushroom- compost; refuse- compost; orchards; substrates; biological-control-agents; trichoderma- harzianum; gliocladium-virens; pseudomonas-fluorescens; growth; phytotoxicity;ammonia; chemical-composition; cellulose; carbohydrates; nitrogen-content; california; sudangrass-hay;chicken-manure; wood-compost

258.NAL Call No.: QH540.J6Urban waste compost: effects on physical, chemical, and biochemical soil properties.Giusquiani, P. L.; Pagliai, M.; Gigliotti, G.; Businelli, D.; Benetti, A. J-environ- qual v.24(1): p.175-182. (1995Jan.-1995 Feb.)Includes references.Descriptors: composts; calcareous-soils; porosity; bulk-density; soil-waterretention; carbon; zinc; lead;cadmium; concentration; soil-enzymes; enzyme-activityAbstract: A long-term field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of the additions of urban wastecompost on the physical and chemical properties and enzymatic activities in a calcareous soil (FluventicXerochrept). Total porosity (pores > 50 micrometers measured on thin soil sections from undisturbed samples byimage analysis) was greater in the plots treated with compost than the control plots due to a larger amount ofelongated pores. In the amended plots total and humified organic C, Pb, Cu, and Zn showed a significantincrease compared with nonamended plots. Enzymatic activities (L-asparaginase, arylsulphatase,dehydrogenase, phosphodiesterase, and alkaline phosphomonoesterase) were significantly enhanced by thecompost addition thus indicating no inhibiting influence of the heavy metals present. The increased levels of thearylsulphatase, dehydrogenase, phosphodiesterase, and phosphomonoesterase activities were significantlycorrelated with total porosity: the first three with pores ranging from 50 to 1000 micrometers, mainly with pores50 to 200 micrometers in size, and phosphomonoesterase only with pores whose size was < 500 micrometers. L-asparaginase activity was not correlated with porosity. Only arylsulphatase, dehydrogenase, andphosphodiesterase were negatively correlated with bulk density.

259.NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58The use of compost for the reclamation of saline and alkaline soils.Avnimelech, Y.; Shkedy, D.; Kochva, M.; Yotal, Y. Compost-sci-util v.2(3): p.6- 11. (1994 Summer)Includes references.Descriptors: alkaline-soils; saline-soils; composts; gypsum; application-rates; soil- fertility; soil-depth; soil-structure; profiles; soil-organic-matter; calcium; magnesium; sodium; chloride; electrical-conductivity; soil-ph

260.NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734Use of MSW compost in commercial sod production.Breslin, V. T. Biocycle v.36(5): p.68-72. (1995 May)Includes references.Descriptors: composts; refuse; waste-utilization; application-to-land; lawns-and- turf; performance-testing; soil-fertility; environmental-impact; groundwater-pollution; new-york; municipal-solid-wastes

261.NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58Use of raw and composted paper sludge as a soil additive or mulch for cottonwood plants.Tripepi, R. R.; Zhang, X. G.; Campbell, A. G. Compost-sci-util v.4(2): p.26-36. (1996 Spring)Includes references.Descriptors: populus-deltoides; clones; sandy-soils; paper-mill-sludge; composts; mulches; application-rates;incorporation; surface-treatment; electrical-conductivity; cation- exchange-capacity; chlorine; solubility; bulk-density; soil-air; water-holding-capacity; porosity; stems; diameter; plant-height; growth; raw-versus-composted-paper-mill-sludge

262.NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58Use of SMS as a compost matrix to degrade pesticide residuals.Regan, R. W. Sr. Compost-sci-util v.2(3): p.56-62. (1994 Summer)Paper presented at the Spent Mushroom Substrate symposium, March 11-14, 1994, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.Descriptors: mushroom-compost; adsorption; pesticide-residues; carbaryl; carbofuran; aldicarb; biodegradation;microorganisms; waste-water- treatment; spent-mushroom- substrate; pesticide-rinsates

263.NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58Use of spent mushroom substrate in stabilizing disturbed and commercial sites.Rupert, D. R. Compost-sci-util v.31(1): p.80-83. (1995 Winter)Paper presented at the Spent Mushroom Substrate symposium, March 11-14, 1994, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.Descriptors: abandoned-land; mined-land; reclamation; mushroom-compost; agricultural-wastes; waste-utilization; organic-fertilizers; mulches; evaluation; application-rates

264.NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58The use of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) as an organic manure and plant substrate component.Maher, M. J. Compost-sci-util v.2(3): p.37-44. (1994 Summer)Paper presented at the symposium, "Spent Mushroom Substrate, March 11-14, 1994, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.Descriptors: mushrooms; mushroom-compost; peat; mixtures; organic-fertilizers; application-rates; lolium;lycopersicon; seedling-growth; phosphorus; potassium; magnesium; electrical-conductivity; nitrate-nitrogen;biomass-production; dry-matter; leaching; waste- utilization

265.NAL Call No.: TD796.5.C58Use of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) for corn (maize) production and its effect on surface waterquality.Wuest, P. J.; Fahy, H. K.; Fahy, J. Compost-sci-util v.31(1): p.46-54. (1995 Winter)Paper presented at the spent mushroom substrate symposium held on March 11-14, 1994, Philadelphia,Pennsylvania.Descriptors: zea-mays; mushroom-compost; agricultural-wastes; waste-utilization; application-to-land;application-rates; crop-yield; grain; maize- stover; nitrogen-content; environmental-impact; surface-water;water-quality; pennsylvania

266.NAL Call No.: 80-Ac82The use of waste materials as potting media in fruit tree production.Burroni, F.; Ponzio, C.; Tafani, R.; Tattini, M. Acta-hortic (361): p.612-619. (1994 June)Paper presented at the International Symposium on New Cultivation Systems in Greenhouse held April 26-30,1993, Cagliari, Italy.Descriptors: olea-europaea; prunus-persica; growing-media; refuse-compost; sewage-sludge; composts; dairy-wastes; bark; forest-litter; crop-residues; container-grown- plants; nutrient-content; mineral-content; phosphorus;potassium; nitrogen-content; humic-acids; fulvic-acids

267.NAL Call No.: SB319.2.F6F56Using air root pruning containers to enhance compost efficacy.Fitzpatrick, G. E.; Sackl, R.; Henry, J. H. Proc-annu-meet-Fla-State-Hort-Soc. [S.l.] : The Society v.107: p.432-434. (1995 June)Includes references.Descriptors: swietenia-mahagoni; container-grown-plants; containers; root- pruning; growing-media; composts;sewage-sludge; organic-wastes; solid- wastes; waste- utilization; growth-rate; plant-height; dry-matter-accumulation; girth

268.NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734Using composts to grow wildflower sod.Mitchell, W. H.; Molnar, C. J.; Barton, S. S. Biocycle v.35(2): p.62-63. (1994 Feb.)Includes references.Descriptors: wild-flowers; seed-mixtures; growing-media; comparisons; seed- germination; growth

269.NAL Call No.: S590.C63Wageningen evaluating programmes for analytical laboratories (WEPAL), organization and purpose.Houba, V. J. G.; Uittenbogaard, J.; Pellen, P. Commun-soil-sci-plant-anal v.27(3/4): p.421-431. (1996)Paper presented at the 1995 International Symposium on Soil Testing and Plant Analysis: Quality of Soil andPlant Analysis in View of Sustainable Agriculture and the Environment held August 5-10, 1995, Wageningen,The Netherlands.Descriptors: soil-analysis; plant-analysis; sediment; composts; manures; sludges; chemical-analysis; quality;laboratory-methods; laboratories; evaluation; programs; quality- controls; netherlands; laboratory-evaluating-programs; laboratory-evaluating-exchange- programs; analytical-qualityAbstract: Quality control of analytical procedures for soils, plants, sediments, manure, compost, and sludges isof utmost importance to produce reliable and reproducible analytical data. For this purpose first, second, andthird line quality control measures are taken in analytical laboratories. For first line control certified referencematerials (CRM's) are preferred. However, the number and matrix variation in CRM's for environmentalanalytical research is still very limited. For second line control internal reference samples are often used, butagain here the values for many element and parameter concentrations are questionable since almost no checkversus CRM's is possible. For third line control participation in laboratory evaluating exchange programmes(LEEP's) is recommended. The number of LEEP's is fortunately increasing nowadays. One of the reasons forthis increase is the fact that accredited laboratories are recommended, and in some countries, obliged toparticipate in LEEP's--if they exist--for their analytical programs. In this article the Wageningen EvaluatingProgrammes for Analytical Laboratories (WEPAL) for plants, soils, sediments, manures, composts, and sludgesare described and examples of results achieved and further use of tested bulk samples are given.

270.NAL Call No.: TD419.R47Water quality changes during soil aquifer treatment of tertiary effluent.Wilson, L. G.; Amy, G. L.; Gerba, C. P.; Gordon, H.; Johnson, B.; Miller, J. Water- environ-res v.67(3): p.364-

370. (1995 May-1995 June)Includes references.Descriptors: activated-sludge; composts; sewage-sludge; salmonella; microbial- contamination; bacterial-counting; enumeration; anaerobically-digested-wasterwater-sludges; most-probable-number


271.NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734A whale of a success: compost is key to theme park's beauty.Logsdon, G. Biocycle v.36(10): p.48-50. (1995 Oct.)Descriptors: composts; waste-utilization; theme-parks; landscaping; ohio

272.NAL Call No.: SB433.T874What will biologicals do for turfgrass management.Sann, C. Turf-grass-trends p.10-13. (1994 Jan.)Includes references.Descriptors: lawns-and-turf; biological-control; plant-diseases; nematode-control; forecasting; fungal-diseases;transgenic-plants; composts; organic- fertilizers; mycoherbicides; fungus-control; entomophilic-nematodes

273.NAL Call No.: SB1.J66Wildflower establishment in seedbeds created from an industrial co-product and co- composted municipalwaste.Pill, W. G.; Smith, W. G.; Frett, J. J.; Devenney, D. J-environ-hortic v.12(4): p.193-197. (1994 Dec.)Includes references.Descriptors: municipal-refuse-disposal; waste-utilization; soil-amendments; industrial-wastes; composts;seedbeds; establishment; seedling- emergence; achillea-millefolium; centaurea-cyanus; daucus-carota;leucanthemum-vulgare; echinacea-purpurea; rudbeckia-hirta; silene-armeria; wild-flowers; delaware

274.NAL Call No.: 57.8-C734Windrows on the links.Steuteville, R. Biocycle v.35(6): p.30-33. (1994 June)Descriptors: composting; litter-plant; golf-courses; windrowing; waste-utilization; composts; application-to-land

275.NAL Call No.: S544.3.N6N62Worms can recycle your garbage.Sherman, R. AG-NC-Agric-Ext-Serv. Raleigh : North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service (473-18): p.4(1994 May)In subseries: Water Quality & Waste Management.Descriptors: vermicomposting; food-wastes; eisenia-fetida; refuse-compost; waste- utilization

Author Index

Abak, K. 35Abdel Aal, S.I. 185

Abdel Magid, H.M. 185Abdi, A.N. 158Adani, F. 175Adeoye, G.O. 43Adriano, D.C. 256Agamuthu, P. 53Agnolucci, M. 96Alderman, S.C. 243Alen, R. 24Almendros, G. 115, 124Alt, D. 106Amberger, A. 88Amor, K. 22Amy, G.L. 270Andrews, J.H. 7, 218Anisko, T. 249Antoun, H. 81Aragno, M. 150Astier, M. 27Atkinson, C.F. 205Avnimelech, Y. 259Baca, M.T. 142Baere, L. de. 31Ball, A.S. 208Banerjee, N.C. 30Barker, A.V. 108, 109, 112, 113Barker, K.R. 147Barriuso, E. 89, 166, 230Barton, S.S. 268Baskaran, S. 143Basso Figuera, C. 97, 162Bates, T.E. 114Bearce, B.C. 127Beauchamp, E.G. 145, 226Beaver, T. 192Beffa, T. 150Benetti, A. 258Benner, Peter. 227Benoit, F. 95Benoit, P. 89Berends, P.T. 79Berner, A. 84Bevacqua, R.F. 69Bianchini, J.P. 171Bilderback, T.E. 101Bilsland, D.M. 243Bischoff, M. 71Blanc, M. 150Blanco, M.J. 115, 124Boelens, J. 31Bolan, N.S. 3, 77, 143Bont, J.A.M. de. 133Bourque, C.L. 222Breslin, V.T. 260

Brinton, Jr. W.F. 111Brinton, R.B. 70Brinton, W.F. Jr. 70Brito Alvarez, M.A. de 81Brobyn, P.J. 57Bryan, H. 242Bryan, H.H. 4, 97, 130, 162, 170, 173, 182Buchanan, M. 27Buckley, B. 60, 61, 62Bugbee, G.J. 131, 132, 135, 152, 191Bullock, M.S. 229Burroni, F. 266Burton, K.S. 116Bush, D. 6Businelli, D. 258Bustos, A. 56Buswell, J.A. 197Butler, S.H. 127Caballero, R. 56Cabrera, F. 59, 247Calvert, D.V. 232Cambon, A. 171Campbell, A.G. 50, 261Capece, J.C. 211Cartagena, M.C. 56Casale, W.L. 257Cauwel, B. 121Ceccanti, B. 103Celikel, G. 35Ceustermans, N. 95Chandra, K. 256Chao, C.C. 179Chao, W.L. 179Chee Sanford, J. 149Chen, A. 54, 187Chen, L. 217Cheneby, D. 164Chong, C. 11, 213, 255Churchill, D.B. 243Cisar, J.L. 167Clark, G.A. 168, 190Cleemput, O. van. 65, 200, 206Cline, R.A. 11, 213Clulow, S.A. 254Cole, M.A. 8, 193, 212Colls, A.M. 97, 162Conrad, P. 28Cook, F.D. 40Costello, M.J. 19, 236Covert, J.A. 145Craft, C.M. 159Crane, J.H. 97, 162Crepaz, C. 22Crippa, L. 83

Czuprenski, M. 98Dahdoh, M.S.A. 223Danai, O. 26Dann, M.S. 225Darnell, R.L. 105Dashwood, E.P. 254De Bertoldi, M. 52De Nobili, M. 142Decker, H.F. 224Delgado, I.C. 142Devenney, D. 273Diaper, J.P. 122Diaz, M.J. 59Diaz Marcote, I. 103Dick, R.P. 194Dick, W.A. 32, 217Dickerson, G.W. 39Diebel, P.L. 79Diez, J.A. 56Dik, A.J. 16Dixon, F.M. 158Downer, J. 63Drew, S. 25, 98Duin, A.H. 134Edmisten, K.L. 147Edmondson, R.N. 57Edwards, C. 122Ekbladh, G. 172El Demerdashe, S. 223Elad, Y. 16, 82Elliott, L.F. 243Eltez, R.Z. 99Epstein, A.H. 75Esteban, E. 142Faber, B.A. 63Fager, K. 225Fahy, H.K. 265Fahy, J. 265Farrell, M. 42Fauci, M.F. 194Feinbaum, R. 72Felt, D.R. 119Felton, G.K. 246Fiedler, H. 234Fiedler, Heidelore. 76Fischer, J.L. 150Fitzpatrick, G.E. 201, 267Fleischer, S.J. 225Flynn, R.P. 20Fogarty, A.M. 160Fokken, H. 106Forney, L. 25Forney, L.J. 98Franz, P.R. 86

Frederick, E.K. 71Frett, J.J. 273Fries, M.R. 149Frink, C.R. 151Gagne, S. 81Gallaher, R.N. 66, 91Garcia, C. 251Garland, G.A. 47Gasperi, F. 129Gauthier, J.J. 205Gaze, R.H. 58Genevini, P.L. 175Georges, P. 121Gerba, C.P. 270Gerrits, J.P.G. 36Gershuny, Grace. 233Gersper, P.L. 27Ghuman, G.S. 256Gibbs, R.A. 33Gies, G. 41Gigliotti, G. 258Gillet, J. 95Giusquiani, P.L. 258Godden, B. 164Goldstein, N. 104Gong, F. 180Gordon, H. 270Gouge, D.H. 244Gouin, F.R. 156Gould, M. 73Graetz, D.A. 232Great Britain. Dept. of the Environment. 154Grebus, M.E. 15, 181, 186Green, R.E. 47Gregorich, E.D. 161Gregorich, E.G. 21Grethlein, H.E. 163Griffths, B.S. 92Grist, T.A. 47Guertal, E.A. 20Guillement, F. 257Gul, A. 99Gunnison, D. 119Guzman, R. 46Hadas, A. 165, 177Hage, K.C. 133Hague, N.G.M. 244Hajra, J.N. 30Hammond, J.B.W. 116Handreck, K.A. 34, 117, 125, 188, 250Hanlon, E.A. 4, 182Hanninen, K. 24Harig, R. 207Harper, J.K. 225

Harris, R.F. 7, 218Hassan, F.A. 223Hassel, C. 134Hayano, K. 219Hayes, C.A. 119He, X.T. 189Heckman, J.R. 235Hedley, M.J. 3, 77Helyer, N.L. 57Henley, R.W. 107Henry, G. 6Henry, J.H. 267Hernandez, T. 251Hill, D.E. 136Hoitink, H.A.J. 15, 181, 186, 217Houba, V.J.G. 269Hountin, J.A. 87Houot, S. 166, 230Hu, C.J. 33Huang, A.J.F. 98Hue, N.V. 140Hughes, M.S. 184Hylton, M. 10Hyotylanen, J. 24Iannotti, D.A. 186Iiyama, K. 37, 38Ikawa, H. 140Ilin, Z. 102Ingham, D. 209Ingham, E.L. 240Insam, H. 22Institute of Wastes Management (Great Britain). Scientific and Technical Committee 78Isfan, D. 87Islam, N. 30Jackson, A.M. 208James, J. 256Janzen, R.A. 29, 40Jedidi, N. 206John, N.M. 43Johnson, B. 270Johnson, C.H. 9Johnson, E. 257Jones, D.D. 205Jones, O.R. 183Jorgensen, K.S. 238Kaloianova, N. 65, 200Kaplan, L.A. 137Karam, A. 87Kasama, Y. 204Kautsky, L. 165Kayhanian, M. 228Keeling, A.A. 92, 126Kempf, A. 248Keren, R. 18

Kluchinski, D. 235Knuutinen, J. 24Kochva, M. 259Koenning, S.R. 147Kohorst, S.D. 224Korn Wendisch, F. 248Kostewicz, S.R. 195, 199, 214Kostov, O. 65, 200Kroppenstedt, R.M. 248Kuo, S. 178Kuo, W.S. 253Kutzner, H.J. 248Laine, M.M. 238Lairon, D. 121Lam, T.B.T. 38Lammers, E. 134Landschoot, P. 138, 139, 221Larney, F.J. 229LeBlanc, D. 222Leclerc, B. 121Leege, P. 73Leenheer, J.A. 23Levanon, D. 26Li, D.S. 180Li, T.S.C. 110Li, Y.C. 232Liang, B.C. 21, 161Liao, P.H. 54, 187Ligneau, L.A.M. 94Lindeberg, J.D. 98Lindstrom, O.M. 249Line, M.A. 45Liu, X. 193, 212Llaguno, E.C. 23Lo, K.V. 54, 187Logan, T.J. 189Logsdon, G. 49, 271Lopez, R. 59, 247Losier, M. 222Lovatt, C.J. 257Lozano, C. 59Lulakis, M.D. 85Lynch, J.M. 100Lyon, P.F. 150M'Hiri, A. 206Macauley, B.J. 37, 38MacCubbin, T.J. 107Madden, L.V. 186Madejon, E. 59Maher, M.J. 264Mahimairaja, S. 3, 77, 143Majazza, A. 248Malathrakis, N.E. 16Manios, V. 90

Manna, M.C. 30Mannion, C.M. 173Marchand, S. 95Marchiani, M. 150Markovic, V. 102Martin Olmedo, P. 247May, J.H. 198Maynard, A.A. 67, 68, 80, 136, 141, 203, 245Maynard, D.N. 168McCormick, E.F. 119McGill, W.B. 29, 40McGovern, R.J. 211McMilan, R. Jr. 242McNitt, A. 139, 221McQuilken, M.P. 100McSorley, R. 66, 91, 173Meckes, M.C. 9Mellano, V.J. 69Menge, J.A. 257Menon, M.P. 256Michel, F.C. 25Michel, F.C. Jr. 98Miikki, V. 24Mikkelsen, R.L. 147Miller, J. 270Millner, P.D. 93Minassian, V. 257Mitchell, W.H. 268Mohler, C.L. 153Molnar, C.J. 268Montlahuc, O. 171Moreno, J.L. 251Morgan, W.C. 86Moriguchi, M. 204Mueller Warrant, G.W. 243Muizelaar, T. 13Mullett, J.A.J. 126Murillo, J.M. 247Myers, K.F. 119Myers, M. 92Naidu, R. 143Narihara, M. 204Nelson, E.B. 17, 159NeSmith, D.S. 249Newbold, J.D. 137Nicolardot, B. 164Niggli, U. 84Nilsson, Jon. 118Noble, R. 58Nordheim, E.V. 218Nordstedt, R.A. 55O'Brien, T. 113O'Brien, T.A. 108, 109, 112O'Dette, R.G. 237

Obreza, T.A. 105, 169, 211Ochman, M. 119Olson, S.M. 64Ozores Hampton, M. 4, 170, 173, 182, 242Pagliai, M. 258Paino, V. 171Papadaki, A. 90Parent, L.E. 87Pascual, J.A. 251Paton, I.K. 126Paul, J.W. 145, 226Pee, K.C. 60, 61, 62Peillex, J.P. 171Pellen, P. 269Penninckx, M. 164Pennington, J.C. 119Peot, C. 48Pera, A. 96Perrin, P.S. 38Peters, I. 106Petsas, S.I. 85Philippe, Pierre, 1912 227Pichtel, J.R. 32Pickering Creek Environmental Center 118Pill, W.G. 273Pinamonti, F. 129Polo, A. 103Pond, E. 257Ponzio, C. 266Portnoy, R. 165, 177Pratt, Wendy B. 2Preer, J.R. 158Rabie, R.K. 185Rainey, F. 248Rao, N. 163Reddy, C.A. 25, 98, 163Reeder, R.K. 105, 169Regan, R.W. Sr. 253, 262Reicks, M. 134Relf, D. 198Renner, M. 22Rhoads, F.M. 64Rice, E.W. 9Rich, D. 228Richardson, P.N. 57Riggle, D. 231Ringer, C.H. 93Rinker, D.L. 11Ritz, K. 92Roberts, B.R. 224Rock, S. 9Rockwell, F. 146Roe, N.E. 130Roley, W.H. Jr. 10

Roman, R. 56Rouchard, J. 95Rupert, D.R. 263Sabrah, R.E.A. 185Sackl, R. 267Sajwan, K.S. 256Sakai, K. 204Sances, F.V. 240Sanchez Raya, A.J. 142Sann, C. 176, 272Saraceno, R.A. 191Sawhney, B.L. 135, 151Scatena, S. 96Schaffer, B. 4, 97, 162, 173, 182Scherrer, D. 84Schlegel, A.J. 79Schmilewski, G.K. 207Schnitzer, M. 21, 161Schramm, J. 134Seekins, M.D. 111Segall, L. 157Seniz, V. 220Serra Wittling, C. 166, 230Sherman, R. 275Shireman, William K. 2Shkedy, D. 259Shtienberg, D. 82Silva, J.A. 140Silvestri, S. 129Simmons, S.R. 134Simpson, T.W. 198Singh, C.P. 88Sinha, N.B. 30Sivapalan, A. 86Sivasithamparam, K. 5Smajstrla, A.G. 190Smillie, Joseph. 233Smith, S.J. 183Smith, W.G. 273Smith, W.H. 12, 55Sridhar, M.K.C. 43St J Hardy, G.E. 5Stackebrandt, E. 248Standley, L.J. 137Stanley, C.D. 168, 190Stark, L.R. 215, 216Steele, T.W. 184Steene, F. van de. 95Steffen, K.L. 225Stephens, J.M. 199, 214Steuteville, R. 274Stevens, S.E. Jr. 215Stewart, B.A. 183Stewart, H.E. 254

Stilwell, D.E. 135Stoffella, P.J. 130, 232Stone, B.A. 37, 38Strahl, Stuart D. 118Streeter, J.G. 217Stringari, G. 129Sukesan, S. 14Sun, H. 229Sutton, P. 32Szmidt, R.A.K. 210, 255Tafani, R. 266Takac, A. 102Tambone, F. 175Tarutis, W.J. Jr 148Tattini, M. 266Tavoularis, K. 90Termeer, W.C. 13, 51Thirion, A. 95Thompson, D. 48Throssell, C.S. 71Tiedje, J.M. 149Toth, B.L. 186Traina, S.J. 189Tripepi, R.R. 50, 261Trondle, E. 25Truhett, C. 74Tu, H.J. 179Tuovinen, O.H. 160Turco, R.F. 71Turner, M.S. 190Tuzel, Y. 99Tyler, H.H. 101Tyler, R.W. 201Tzvetkov, Y. 65, 200Uittenbogaard, J. 269Unz, R.F. 148Valdrighi, M.M. 96Vallejo, A. 56Vallini, G. 96Van Horn, M. 44Vanparys, L. 95Vavrina, C.S. 211Vizcarra, A.T. 54, 187Vogt, G. 150Volain, N. 123Voland, R. 218Voland, R.P. 75Voroney, R.P. 21, 114Wakayama, M. 204Wallace, A. 196Wallace, G.A. 196Warman, P.R. 13, 51, 144Warren, S.L. 101Wastie, R.L. 254

Watanabe, K. 219Watson, M.E. 15Watt, T.A. 94Watwood, M.E. 14Wauters, A. 95Weber, F.J. 133Wen, G. 114Wenerick, W.R. 215Wershaw, R.L. 23Whipps, J.M. 100Wilde, B. de. 31Williams, F.M. 215, 216Williams, J.R. 79Willis, W.M. 183Wilson, L.G. 270Wood, C.W. 20Wuest, P.J. 215, 265Yaussy, D. 224Yermiyahu, U. 18Yohalem, D.S. 7, 218Yotal, Y. 259Zaccheo, P. 83Zhang, C.K. 180Zhang, L. 193, 212Zhang, X.G. 50, 261Zhou, J. 149Zorzi, G. 129

Go to: Author Index | Subject Index | Top of DocumentCitation no.: 1, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 210,220, 230

Subject Index

2,4-d- 1912,4-dichlorophenol- 894-chlorophenol- 89abandoned-land 263abelmoschus-esculentus 66, 91above-ground-biomass 171achillea-millefolium 273acid-mine-drainage 215acid-soils 140acidity- 125acremonium- 86acremonium-butyri 86actinomycetales- 81, 100, 159, 238, 248activated-sludge 24, 228, 270additives- 53, 115, 124adsorption- 14, 95, 143, 253, 262aeration- 54, 187, 205

aerobes- 205aerobic-biodrying 228aerobic-treatment 210, 253agaricus-bisporus 37, 38, 116age- 50, 92, 113, 206ageratum- 107aggregate-soil-water-content 229aggregates- 229agricultural-byproducts 59agricultural-conservation 233agricultural-sector 156agricultural-soils 4, 56, 120, 137, 149, 179, 223agricultural-wastes 24, 26, 65, 92, 107, 112, 113, 137, 255, 257, 263, 265agricultural-wastes-environmental-aspects- maryland 118agronomic-characteristics 220agronomic-efficiency 247agrostis-capillaris 250agrostis-stolonifera 94agrostis-stolonifera-var 159air-pollutants 234air-pollution 234alberta- 229aldicarb- 95, 253, 262alfalfa-hay 257alfisols- 18alkaline-soils 259allium-cepa 69, 126allium-porrum 172alluvial-soils 56, 179almonds- 257alnus-rubra 178alternative-farming 252aluminum-phosphate 117amendments- 77, 132, 232amino-acid-sequences 204ammonia- 163, 219, 257ammonium- 179ammonium- bicarbonate 4ammonium-nitrate 32ammonium-nitrogen 3, 68, 77, 83, 108, 109, 112, 114, 131, 165, 183, 200, 226ammonium-sulfate 27, 83, 108, 109anaerobes- 205anaerobic-composting 228anaerobic-conditions 145anaerobic-digesters 228anaerobic-digestion 228anaerobically-digested-wasterwater-sludges 270"analytical- methods 175analytical-quality 269animal-manures 36, 53, 79, 114, 199, 214, 229antibiotics- 81appalachian-states-of-usa 216application-date 64, 68application-methods 221

application-rates 4, 30, 41, 56, 59, 64, 67, 69, 79, 80, 87, 97, 105, 114, 130, 131, 135, 137, 140, 141, 144, 158,162, 165, 166, 168, 169, 170, 171, 183, 185, 188, 190, 194, 195, 201, 217, 219, 247, 256, 259, 261, 263, 264,265application- to-land 4, 6, 48, 59, 67, 68, 112, 120, 134, 136, 137, 139, 146, 158, 169, 190, 196, 201, 203, 223,234, 237, 241, 242, 247, 252, 256, 260, 265, 274arable-soils 247arachis-glabrata 130arboriculture- 10aromatic-hydrocarbons 149ash- 127, 192aspergillus- 180assays- 186assessment- 8, 9, 218atrazine- 163autoclaving- 100autumn- 68, 69availability- 114available-water 190avena-fatua 94avena-sativa 125azospirillum- 40azospirillum-brasilense 29, 40bacillus- 40, 219bacillus-stearothermophilus 204bacillus-subtilis 17, 122background-reflectance 236bacteria- 100, 159, 238, 254bacterial- count 159, 238bacterial-counting 270bacterial-proteins 150bacterial-spores 219bare-soil-reflectance 236bark- 32, 125, 127, 266bark-compost 5, 11, 207, 213, 249barley- 251barley-straw 58, 145, 251belgium- 31, 95benzene- 149beta-n-acetylhexosaminidase- 204beta-vulgaris 13, 95beta-vulgaris-var 95bioassays- 115, 186bioavailability- 13, 51, 158, 189, 222, 223biodegradation- 14, 89, 163, 197, 262biofiltration- 14biological-activity-in-soil 21, 83, 89, 96, 161, 165, 166, 179, 194, 212, 230, 238biological-control 5, 7, 16, 17, 57, 82, 90, 100, 147, 157, 181, 218, 244, 272biological-control-agents 16, 86, 147, 157, 257biological-transformation 89biological-treatment 216, 253biology- 15biomass- 50, 171, 200biomass-production 22, 32, 96, 113, 192, 213, 224, 264biopesticides- 157

bioremediation- 14, 119, 176, 197, 212, 238, 239, 241biosolids- 237biosynthesis- 81, 205biotransformation- 238blight- 254bogs- 207bone-meal 34, 117boron- 18, 142botrytis 19, 126, 236botrytis-cinerea 16, 82, 100branches- 200brassica- 158, 225brassica-fimbriata 158brassica-oleracea 126brassica-oleracea-var 3, 19, 27, 61, 126, 236, 240brevicoryne-brassicae 19, 236brewing- industry 159broilers- 20brushwood-compost 121bulk-density 98, 190, 246, 258, 261businessmen-canada-biography 227byproducts- 127cadmium- 135, 158, 171, 223, 247, 258calcareous-soils 4, 88, 182, 251, 258calcium- 68, 77, 182, 259calcium-nitrate 108calculation- 44, 201calibration- 201california- 19, 27, 44, 46, 236, 240, 257canes-and-rattans 85capsicum- 68, 99, 168capsicum-annuum 39, 60, 82, 102, 130, 202carbaryl- 253, 262carbofuran- 253, 262carbohydrate-metabolism 37carbohydrates- 257carbon- 21, 23, 52, 119, 161, 164, 165, 166, 177, 200, 258carbon-cycle 165carbon-dioxide 165, 200carbon-mineralization 230carbon-nitrogen-ratio 44, 50, 152, 171, 187, 206carica-papaya 97, 162case-studies 31, 134caseinase- 219cation-exchange-capacity 171, 261cattle-manure 21, 22, 75, 95, 103, 144, 145, 159, 161, 165, 177, 194, 217, 226, 257cell-culture 33cell-wall-components 37cellulose- 206, 208, 257centaurea-cyanus 273chaetomium-globosum 86change- 38characteristics- 189characterization- 23, 26, 50

chelating-agents 4chemical-analysis 29, 223, 269chemical-composition 4, 13, 23, 36, 37, 38, 45, 51, 82, 137, 145, 175, 178, 251, 255, 257chemical-control 57, 110chemical-forms 223chemical-precipitation 215chemical-properties 124, 255chemical-reactions 119chemical-vs 240chemotaxonomy- 248chenopodium-album 94chernozems- 229chicken-manure 257chitin- 178, 204chloride- 259chlorinated-hydrocarbons 89chlorine- 261chlorobenzene- 149chloroneb- 71chlorophyll- 232chloropicrin- 211chopping- 58chromium- 135, 223cichorium-intybus 96citrullus-lanatus 169citrus- 202, 257citrus-aurantium 232citrus-reticulata 232cladosporium- 133claviceps-purpurea 243clay- 161clay-loam-soils 88, 206clay-soils 21, 138, 179clones- 261clubs- 46coal- 127, 192coal-mine-spoil 148, 215coal-mined-land 148, 215, 216cobalt- 223cocomposting- 59coffee- 132coliform-bacteria 9collection- 243community-ecology 29comparisons- 3, 4, 34, 38, 56, 88, 96, 106, 124, 163, 187, 188, 200, 229, 268compost- 78, 227, 233compost-age 50, 92compost-bacteria 122compost-biofilters 133compost-congresses 76compost-economic-aspects-united-states 2compost-growing-media 13compost-maryland 118compost-maturity 22, 50, 52, 108, 109, 112, 113, 124, 175

compost-microflora 29compost-plants-great-britain 154compost-quality 9, 98, 113, 124, 243compost-residue-mixtures 59compost-united-states-marketing 2composted-sludge 33composting- 8, 10, 12, 22, 24, 25, 31, 36, 37, 38, 42, 44, 45, 46, 50, 51, 52, 54, 55, 58, 59, 65, 70, 73, 77, 98,113, 119, 146, 150, 155, 157, 163, 186, 187, 192, 199, 200, 209, 210, 228, 243, 274composts- 1, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 39, 40,41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72,74, 75, 77, 79, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104,105, 106, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 117, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 131, 132,133, 134, 135, 136, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 149, 151, 152, 153, 155, 156, 157, 158,159, 160, 161, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 181, 182,183, 184, 187, 188, 190, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 209, 211, 212,213, 214, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 223, 224, 226, 228, 229, 231, 232, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 241, 242,243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 250, 251, 252, 254, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 266, 267, 269, 270, 271, 272,273, 274concentration- 98, 258conidia- 7, 100, 218connecticut- 68, 141, 151, 203, 245constructed-wetlands 216container-grown-plants 5, 11, 101, 102, 127, 135, 202, 213, 266, 267containers- 249, 267contaminants- 14, 197, 251contamination- 134, 212, 239conventional-versus-sustainabable-farming 179conversion- 27copper- 24, 135, 158, 171, 223, 247, 250, 256copper-sulfate 250cornus-alba 11, 213correlation- 13, 34, 250, 251costs- 79, 225cotoneaster-dammeri 11, 213cotton-gin-trash 60, 61, 62, 74cotton-waste 74cover-crops 19, 147, 199, 236crab- waste 204criconemella- 66crop-establishment 66, 105crop-growth-stage 84, 103, 124crop-management 114crop-mixtures 19crop-production 30, 58, 112, 114, 127, 130, 136, 168, 245, 257crop-quality 35, 59, 97, 112crop-residues 95, 172, 194, 229, 235, 240, 243, 266crop-yield 3, 19, 27, 30, 35, 41, 58, 59, 64, 66, 67, 68, 69, 79, 84, 87, 91, 97, 111, 114, 115, 129, 130, 136, 141,142, 144, 162, 168, 169, 170, 182, 185, 192, 195, 211, 214, 225, 240, 247, 265crops- 121crude-fiber 180crude-protein 180cucumis-sativus 65, 214cucurbita-maxima 4, 173, 182cucurbita-moschata 153

cucurbita-pepo 64, 66, 91, 130, 158cultivars- 224, 254cultural-control 19, 39, 66, 75, 91, 112, 147, 173, 240, 242cultural-disease-control 240cultural-methods 93cultural- weed-control 93, 153culture-media 33dactylis-glomerata 32dairy-wastes 266damping-off 75daucus-carota 273dazomet- 110decomposition- 68, 145, 164, 165, 177, 230degradation- 24, 71degradation-products 119delaware- 273demonstration-gardens 72dendranthema- 106denitrification- 40denitrifying-microorganisms 149depth- 94, 97, 162descriptions- 248desert-soils 185detection- 33, 122determination- 4, 9, 34, 77, 106, 218deuteromycotina- 5diameter- 200, 261dicamba- 160, 191diethylenetriaminepentaacetic-acid 4dioxins-congresses 76disease-incidence 75disease-prevalence 211disease-resistance 75, 254disease-severity 75dispersal- 244dissolved-organic-carbon 23distribution- 98, 190domestic-gardens 31dormancy- 105drainage- 56, 216drainage-water 148drug-resistance 81dry-matter 86, 264dry-matter-accumulation 11, 84, 88, 112, 131, 140, 168, 171, 178, 185, 194, 200, 217, 224, 235, 247, 256, 267duration- 223echinacea-purpurea 273ecology- 52economic-analysis 79, 225educational-courses 134educational-methods 72efficacy- 57, 66, 90, 100, 173, 218, 229, 244efficiency- 247effluents- 101, 223eisenia-fetida 275

electrical-conductivity 50, 108, 109, 112, 192, 259, 261, 264emission- 234endomycopsis-fibuliger 180england- 72enrichment- 14enterobacter-aerogenes 110enterobacter-cloacae 17entomophilic-nematodes 57, 244, 272enumeration- 159, 270environmental-control 38environmental-education 134environmental-impact 137, 203, 260, 265environmental-protection-agency 104enzyme-activity 103, 116, 133, 165, 166, 197, 204, 208, 219, 230, 258enzymes- 205eroded-soils 229erodibility- 229erosion-control 229erysiphales- 16establishment- 273ethylbenzene- 149eucalyptus- 5, 69eucalyptus-calophylla 5european-communities 52evaluation- 113, 139, 263, 269exoenzymes- 205experimental-plots 162explosives- 119extractable-manganese 125extractants- 4, 34, 106, 117extraction- 4, 34, 106, 117, 125, 222, 223extracts- 7, 40, 82, 100, 161, 208, 218farmers-channel-islands-biography 227farming-systems 179farmyard-manure 84, 164, 172, 206fatty-acid-esters 29fatty-acid-methyl-esters 29fatty-acids 98feasibility- 52, 79fecal-coliforms 9feedlot-wastes 183fermentation- 180fertilizers- 87, 103, 136, 170, 179, 183, 195, 217, 220, 229festuca-arundinacea 32, 69, 224, 243festuca- longifolia 224festuca-rubra 224fiber- 45fiber-content 180fiber-quality 59field-capacity 185field-experimentation 41filamentous-fungi 100filter-cake 232filters- 14, 28

filtration- 100fish- 54, 111, 204fish-composts 54fish-scrap 87, 178florida- 6, 12, 55, 66, 91, 105, 107, 130, 162, 168, 169, 182, 190, 199, 202, 211, 214, 242flow-cytometry 122flowering- 113flowers- 86fly-ash 32, 256fodder- 180, 208foliar-diagnosis 162food-processing 52food-wastes 52, 73, 96, 159, 204, 275forecasting- 272forest-litter 240, 266forsythia-intermedia 11fractionation- 37, 223fragaria-ananassa 240france- 121frankliniella-occidentalis 57french-polynesia 171frequency- 22, 98fruiting- 97fruits- 86, 97, 162, 214fuchsia- 188fulvic-acids 85, 266fungal-antagonists 5, 17, 81, 159, 254fungal-diseases 5, 17, 159, 211, 218, 272fungal-propagules 243fungi- 100, 159fungicide-residues 71fungus-control 82, 90, 159, 272fusarium-oxysporum-f 90, 211galium-aparine 94gamma-radiation 114gardening- 72gardens- 72gas-production 210genbank 149genetic-engineering 122genetic-resistance 254genetically-engineered-microorganisms 122germany- 70, 234, 248germination- 100girth- 267gliocladium-roseum 86gliocladium-virens 257gloeotinia-temulenta 243glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase 116glycine-max 41, 235goats- 53golf-courses 174, 274gossypium- 147gossypium-hirsutum 59

grain- 84, 87, 265grain-yield 251gram-negative-bacteria 149, 150gramineae- 112granules- 1grass-clippings 51, 71, 98, 172, 184, 191, 198, 224, 257grasses- 113, 160grassland-management 32green-composts 96green-industries 156green-manures 95, 147, 172, 199greenhouse-crops 16greenhouse-culture 65greenhouses- 35grinders- 209groundwater- 80, 137, 151, 203groundwater-pollution 151, 203, 260grow-rich-waste-recycling-systems 227growing-media 5, 11, 13, 20, 34, 51, 65, 86, 99, 107, 108, 109, 113, 117, 126, 127, 131, 132, 152, 155, 181, 188,198, 200, 207, 210, 213, 232, 249, 266, 267, 268growth- 19, 38, 41, 50, 51, 61, 69, 85, 87, 90, 92, 107, 116, 130, 131, 132, 140, 160, 162, 169, 170, 171, 185,193, 205, 212, 256, 257, 261, 268growth-rate 84, 86, 105, 267gypsum- 140, 259hakea- 34, 117, 188hakea-leucoptera 117half-life 95hardwoods- 23harvesting-date 173hay- 257health-hazards 134heavy-metals 4, 8, 13, 36, 45, 51, 69, 134, 135, 158, 162, 171, 196, 222, 223, 224, 247, 250, 251helianthus-annuus 142helotiales- 243hematite- 148herbicide-residues 212heterorhabditis- 57, 244heterorhabditis-megidis 57hexokinase- 116high-density-planting 105history- 165hmx- 119home-composts 184hordeum-vulgare 87, 94, 103, 192, 251horse-manure 51horticultural-crops 242, 250horticulture- 207household-composts 94hplc- 24hulls- 257humates- 96humic-acids 24, 85, 175, 266humification- 24, 89, 98, 175humification-index 175

humus- 96husks- 200hydraulic-conductivity 246hydrolases- 208hydroxyapatite- 29hyper-rock-phosphate 88hyperparasitic-fungi 16hyperparasitism- 16hyphae- 90, 116iaa- 81identification- 150imidacloprid- 95immobilization- 89, 142, 188, 206, 226in-vitro-digestibility 180inceptisols- 68, 171incidence- 75incorporation- 91, 112, 144, 240, 261incubation-duration 100indexes- 98, 175indexes-of-nutrient-availability 188industrial-applications 28industrial-byproducts 127industrial-wastes 273infestation- 19, 75inhibition- 7, 90, 100, 109, 218, 235inoculation-methods 157inoculum- 238inorganic-versus-organic-fertilizers 179insect-control 19, 244insect-pests 244insecticide-residues 253insecticides- 95integrated-control 16interactions- 196intercropping- 19, 236interspecific-competition 19ion-uptake 13, 158iowa- 75iron- 142, 148, 215, 223iron-oxides 148iron-phosphates 117irrigated-soils 4irrigated-stands 79, 168irrigation- 169irrigation-rates 4irrigation-scheduling 168irrigation-water 56isolation- 5, 150isotope-labeling 83, 119kansas- 79kentucky- 246kitchen-waste 31korea-republic 73kraft-mill-effluent 197

laboratories- 269laboratory-evaluating-exchange-programs 269laboratory-evaluating-programs 269laboratory-methods 269lactuca- indica 114lactuca-sativa 20, 69, 126, 158land-improvement 139, 146landfill-diversion 31landscaping- 271lawns-and-turf 17, 71, 138, 139, 167, 202, 221, 260, 272layout- 123leachates- 23, 51, 94leaching- 3, 8, 56, 80, 101, 121, 131, 132, 135, 151, 152, 172, 210, 222, 264lead- 135, 158, 171, 182, 189, 223, 247, 258leaf-area 19, 86leaf-composts 235leaves- 19, 23, 68, 98, 110, 112, 113, 136, 182, 184, 198, 200, 213, 232, 235, 257legionella- 184legionella-pneumophila 184legislation- 36legumes- 27, 172, 194leguminosae- 75length- 200lepidium-sativum 115, 126leucanthemum-vulgare 273light- 94light- intensity 236lignin- 37, 38, 206, 208lignocellulose- 208lignocellulosic-wastes 163lilium- 120lime- 32, 140liquid-fertilizers 132literature-reviews 16, 151litter- 75litter-plant 8, 9, 31, 46, 69, 92, 98, 120, 140, 143, 235, 274live-mulches 19, 130, 153loading-rate 4loam-soils 21, 166, 230lolium- 247, 264lolium-multiflorum 243lolium-perenne 83, 88, 92, 108, 109, 126, 217, 224, 243lolium-rigidum 115, 124, 143long-term-experiments 68, 194losses-from-soil 56, 121, 172lotus-corniculatus 19, 32louisiana- 60, 61, 62low-input-agriculture 93, 240lycopersicon- 168, 202, 264lycopersicon-esculentum 4, 35, 50, 62, 64, 67, 81, 82, 85, 86, 102, 125, 126, 141, 169, 173, 182, 191, 192, 200,202, 211, 220, 225macronutrients- 38, 51, 127, 144magnesium- 68, 144, 182, 256, 259, 264maine- 111

maize- stover 265malus- 218malus-pumila 7, 129manganese- 125, 148, 182, 215, 223manganese-dioxide 148manganese-oxides 148mangifera-indica 257mannitol- 116mannitol-dehydrogenase 116manufacture- 155manure-compost 121manures- 13, 18, 269marketing- 128marketing-techniques 74markets- 156, 252mathematical-models 18maturation- 186maturity- 15, 22, 115, 142mean-days-to-emergence 232measurement- 205mecoprop- 191meloidogyne-incognita 66metabolism- 133metal-ions 158metals- 151, 192metam- 211metarhizium-anisopliae 57methane- 14methodology- 38, 44, 222methyl-bromide 211metro-mix-300 249microbial-activities 14, 52, 165, 188, 200, 212microbial-contamination 9, 270microbial-degradation 37, 119, 133, 149, 160, 238, 253microbial-ecology 52microbial-flora 22, 29, 44, 86, 200microbial-transformation 119microbiology- 92microenvironments- 205microorganisms- 262mine-spoil 32mine-water-treatment 216mined-land 32, 246, 263mineral-additives 115mineral-content 82, 111, 117, 129, 182, 256, 266mineral-deficiencies 140, 188mineral-nutrition 142, 162mineral-uptake 125, 129, 142, 256mineralization- 21, 52, 83, 84, 161, 163, 164, 165, 166, 172, 177, 194, 206, 226, 230, 238, 247minerals- 23mixing- 98mixtures- 13, 18, 51, 59, 77, 87, 88, 98, 102, 106, 182, 188, 192, 200, 212, 213, 228, 231, 232, 264moisture-content 50, 53, 98molecular-sequence-data 149, 204

mollisols- 171monoculture- 236morphology- 248mortality- 244most-probable-number 270movement-in- soil 3mulches- 10, 55, 63, 112, 199, 209, 240, 257, 261, 263mulching- 91, 129, 153, 172municipal-refuse-disposal 167, 170, 273municipal-solid-waste-compost 67municipal-solid-waste-composts 126municipal-solid-wastes 205, 260municipal-waste-compost 147mushroom-compost 7, 11, 26, 35, 36, 37, 38, 58, 64, 116, 137, 148, 180, 197, 208, 210, 215, 216, 225, 240, 245,248, 253, 255, 257, 262, 263, 264, 265mushrooms- 58, 264mussoorie-rock-phosphate 88mycelium- 116mycoherbicides- 272myzus-persicae 236nematode-control 66, 91, 147, 173, 272neoaplectana-feltiae 57netherlands- 36, 269new-genus 248new-species 248new-york 174, 260newspapers- 163nickel- 135, 158, 223, 247nigeria- 43nitrate- 3, 56, 131, 203nitrate-nitrogen 3, 19, 59, 67, 68, 77, 80, 83, 108, 109, 131, 151, 165, 183, 200, 264nitrates- 132, 152nitrification- 142, 179nitrifying-bacteria 179nitrite- 179nitrogen- 3, 52, 83, 84, 92, 114, 121, 142, 144, 161, 164, 165, 172, 177, 178, 179, 183, 188, 194, 195, 206, 217,226, 235, 247nitrogen-content 19, 59, 64, 67, 77, 84, 112, 131, 171, 172, 177, 203, 206, 257, 265, 266nitrogen-cycle 161, 165, 194nitrogen-drawdown-indexes 188nitrogen-fertilizers 56, 64, 79, 105, 147, 168, 194, 236nitrogen-fixation 29, 40, 235nitrogen-metabolism 92no-tillage- 183nodulation- 235nonpoint-source-pollution-maryland-prevention 118north-carolina 101, 147npk-fertilizers 64, 84, 101, 111, 112, 121, 169nuclear-magnetic-resonance-spectroscopy 23nucleotide-sequences 149nurseries- 49, 155, 198nutrient-availability 34, 64, 67, 84, 88, 92, 98, 106, 117, 125, 129, 140, 142, 144, 164, 165, 169, 172, 178, 188,194, 217, 226, 250nutrient-content 4, 32, 34, 44, 64, 69, 87, 88, 98, 117, 129, 140, 144, 178, 182, 188, 192, 217, 232, 250, 255, 266

nutrient-deficiencies 235nutrient-management 165nutrient-sources 34, 84, 88, 121, 179, 194, 203, 217nutrient-uptake 3, 20, 29, 34, 40, 84, 88, 101, 117, 121, 129, 142, 143, 144, 172, 178, 185, 188, 194, 213, 217,226, 247, 256nutrients- 8, 165, 168, 213, 217nutrition-education 134ohio- 32, 271olea-europaea 266olive-cake 142on-farm-processing 42ontario- 41, 114optimization- 64orange-peel 257orchard-soils 42, 129orchards- 42, 257oregon- 42organic-acids 23, 143organic-additives 115organic-amendments 83, 110, 130, 175, 199, 206, 235organic-coatings 23organic-compounds 23, 161, 230organic-culture 72organic-farming 27, 42, 123organic-fertilizers 1, 19, 59, 121, 174, 175, 199, 214, 247, 263, 264, 272organic-foods 123organic-matter 63, 98, 115, 189, 199, 230, 246organic-nitrogen-compounds 119organic-versus-inorganic-fertilizers 84, 87, 121organic-versus-inorganic-nitrogen-sources 194organic-wastes 25, 78, 267organochlorine-compounds 234ornamental-plants 202oxidation- 24, 179, 215oxides- 24oxidoreductases- 116, 133, 165oxisols- 171oxygen- 98oxygen-consumption 133, 150oxygenases- 133paddy-soils 219paecilomyces- 147panax-quinquefolius 110paper-mill-sludge 32, 50, 213, 261parasites- 16paratrichodorus-minor 66particle-size 98, 190peanut-husks 257peat- 11, 35, 60, 61, 62, 87, 102, 105, 106, 107, 125, 127, 188, 200, 207, 220, 232, 249, 264peat-soils 207pelleting- 43pennisetum-americanum 64pennisetum-purpureum 53pennsylvania- 265

pentachlorophenol- 238percolation- 56performance-testing 260perlite- 60, 61, 62, 220persistence- 95pesticide-residues 89, 262pesticide-rinsates 262pesticides- 8, 57, 193, 240petioles- 59petroleum- 239petunia- 114ph- 20, 50, 53, 77, 98, 109, 125, 131, 135, 160, 192, 215phanerochaete-chrysosporium 29, 197phaseolus-vulgaris 64, 114, 158, 170, 195, 225phenol- 54phenolic-compounds 24, 145phenols- 68phenotypes- 248Philippe,-Pierre,-1912-- 227phosphate-solubilization 81phosphates- 34, 36, 81phosphocomposts- 3phospholipids- 29phosphorus- 3, 29, 34, 40, 64, 68, 77, 88, 106, 117, 129, 140, 142, 143, 144, 178, 183, 188, 217, 264, 266phosphorus-fertilizers 30, 34, 143phosphorus-nitrogen-ratios 188phosphorus-solubilization 29, 40phosphorus-sorption-capacity 140phototaxis- 236phylogeny- 248physicochemical-properties 15, 210phytophthora- 39phytophthora-drechsleri 5phytophthora-infestans 254phytotoxicity- 13, 51, 54, 68, 108, 109, 115, 126, 191, 196, 250, 257picea-sitchensis 125pig-manure 179pig-slurry 95pine-bark 11, 34, 117, 125, 188, 249, 250pinus-radiata 45, 125plant-analysis 35, 269plant-composition 59, 64, 87, 88, 171, 217, 225, 232plant-disease-control 16, 39, 75, 93, 100, 110, 174, 181, 211, 218, 242plant-diseases 15, 242, 272plant-extracts 16plant-height 50, 86, 87, 105, 162, 182, 232, 261, 267plant-nutrition 88, 142, 188, 232plant-parasitic- nematodes 66, 91, 147, 173plant-pathogenic-fungi 16, 81, 82, 90, 93, 100, 240plant-pathogens 242plant-residues 83, 150plant-tissues 69planting-date 173planting-stock 49

plants- 111plastic-film 172plate-count 219poa-annua 94, 243poa-pratensis 224pollutants- 8, 189pollutants-congresses 76polluted-soils 89, 119, 134, 149, 197, 212, 238, 239pollution-control 47polychlorinated-dibenzo-p-dioxins 234polychlorinated-dibenzofurans 234polyethylene- 130polyethylene-film 211polysaccharides- 37, 38population-density 66, 86, 91, 173, 179population-dynamics 96populations- 96, 179, 236populus- 50populus-deltoides 261pore-size-distribution 185porosity- 129, 258, 261pot-culture 20, 155pot-plants 20potassium- 64, 68, 129, 144, 217, 256, 264, 266potassium-fertilizers 32potassium-nitrate 206poultry-manure 1, 3, 20, 27, 43, 58, 77, 101, 142, 143, 147, 159, 169, 194, 239, 245, 257pratylenchus- 66precocity- 97preplanting- treatment 211, 240pretreatment- 163private-organizations 46processing- 132product-development 157, 231profiles- 259programming- 201programs- 104, 269propane- 14protein-content 180proteinases- 165, 219proteolysis- 219pruning- 15pruning-trash 15, 198, 200prunus-persica 266pseudomonas- 17, 160pseudomonas-fluorescens 257pseudomonas-paucimobilis 160pseudotsuga-menziesii 178public-agencies 104public-opinion 31pulp-and-paper-industry 24pulp-and-paper-mill-primary-solid-wastes 205pulp-mill-effluent 197pulp-mill-sludge 24

pupae- 57purification- 204pythium- 15pythium-graminicola 159quality- 9, 25, 31, 70, 124, 187, 243, 247, 269quality-controls 269quantitative-analysis 175quebec- 144racehorses- 51radicis-lycopersici 211radionuclides- 119raised-beds 130, 172raised-bogs 207raphanus-sativus 75ratios- 45, 98, 188raw-versus-composted-paper-mill-sludge 261rdx- 119reclamation- 32, 47, 48, 146, 246, 263recovery- 3, 165recycling- 26, 209, 210recycling-waste,-etc 78redox-potential 215reduction- 40, 148, 215reflectance- 236refuse- 4, 12, 31, 67, 92, 97, 105, 112, 113, 126, 130, 132, 134, 141, 166, 167, 168, 169, 171, 182, 190, 228, 247,248, 260refuse-compost 20, 80, 129, 130, 150, 162, 182, 184, 185, 186, 189, 191, 222, 228, 230, 234, 257, 266, 275regionalization- 70regulations- 44, 104, 196, 237release- 148, 217replant-disease 110research-projects 43, 202residential-areas 46residual-effects 3, 64, 67residues- 59, 132resistance-to-penetration 185respiration- 22, 200restriction-fragment-length-polymorphism 150retention- 168returns- 79rhizobium- 235rhizoctonia- 15rhizoctonia-solani 75, 90rhizosphere- 81, 143, 193rhododendron- 101, 131, 135, 207ribosomal-dna 150ribosomal-rna 149rice-husks 125, 257rice-straw 30, 219risk- 8roadsides- 6rock-phosphate 3, 34, 77, 88, 117rockwool- 35root-pruning 267

root-rots 39, 159root-shoot-ratio 232rooting-depth 162roots- 85, 162, 182, 185, 188, 213, 232rootstocks- 232rosa- 127rotations- 121, 173rudbeckia- 131rudbeckia-hirta 132, 273runoff- 28, 183rye-straw 238saccharifera 95saline-soils 259salinity- 108salix- 110salmon- 187salmonella- 33, 270salts-in-soil 69salvage-waste,-etc 154samples- 218sand- 11, 34, 117, 249sandy-soils 21, 87, 168, 185, 190, 195, 261saprophytes- 16saudi-arabia 185sawdust- 125, 178, 188school-recycling-programs-great-britain 154sciaridae- 244seasonal-variation 67, 172, 190, 219secale-cereale 147sediment- 269seed-germination 50, 51, 94, 98, 108, 109, 113, 115, 126, 192, 232, 268seed-mixtures 268seedbeds- 273seedling-culture 102seedling-emergence 75, 94, 110, 232, 273seedling-growth 45, 108, 109, 126, 188, 200, 232, 264seedlings- 7, 51, 85, 99, 162, 200, 220, 232seeds- 200, 243semiarid-soils 103sequential-cropping 169sewage-products 49, 110, 211sewage-sludge 4, 13, 24, 32, 33, 34, 39, 45, 48, 49, 51, 69, 103, 104, 112, 114, 117, 120, 128, 130, 131, 132,150, 151, 152, 158, 159, 182, 196, 217, 223, 224, 228, 234, 237, 251, 257, 266, 267, 270shading- 107shoots- 11, 34, 45, 85, 140, 188, 213, 232shrimps- 87, 204siderophores- 81silene-armeria 273silty-soils 164simulation- 148simulation-models 177size- 162, 218slow-release-fertilizers 56, 101sludges- 159, 178, 269

slurries- 84social- participation 31sod-production 112, 113sodium- 259sodium-humate 85soil- 13, 64, 69, 71, 127, 160, 172, 212, 231, 246soil-aggregation 229soil-air 261soil-amendments 63, 80, 97, 105, 138, 214, 231, 273soil-analysis 111, 223, 269soil-bacteria 29, 40, 81, 93, 149, 179, 193, 219soil-based-composts 57soil-chemistry 130soil-conservation 233soil-decontamination 119soil-depth 144, 183, 223, 259soil-enzymes 103, 165, 166, 230, 258soil-fertility 41, 64, 105, 121, 129, 141, 142, 144, 178, 192, 259, 260soil-flora 21, 81, 83, 89, 96, 165, 166, 212, 230soil- formation 23soil-fungi 29, 81, 193soil-inoculation 17, 238soil-management 165, 221, 233soil-management-history 165soil-organic-carbon-pools 21soil-organic-matter 18, 21, 67, 68, 69, 89, 95, 129, 164, 165, 171, 194, 225, 229, 259soil-ph 18, 32, 67, 68, 69, 105, 158, 169, 171, 259soil-phosphorus-fractions 88soil-physical-properties 127soil-physics 233soil-pollution 176, 193, 234, 241soil-properties 136soil-solarization 211soil-solution 56soil- sterilization 110soil-structure 259soil-temperature 130, 145, 211, 226soil-testing 4soil-texture 138, 161soil-types-textural 161soil-water 84, 129, 137, 185, 254soil-water-content 144, 145, 169, 229soil-water-retention 166, 168, 169, 190, 246, 258soilless-culture 34, 35, 232, 250solanum-melongena 99solanum-tuberosum 254solid-wastes 24, 97, 105, 132, 152, 167, 205, 214, 246, 267solubility- 21, 77, 88, 161, 261solubilization- 143sorghum-bicolor 79sorption- 18, 246sorption-isotherms 18, 140sources- 4, 96, 112, 113south-australia 184

sowing- 220sowing-date 109spain- 56, 247species-diversity 112specific-respiration 200spectral-data 236spent-mushroom-compost 64, 253spent-mushroom-substrate 180, 225, 262sphaerotheca-fuliginea 16spinacia-oleracea 158spodosols- 68spore-germination 7, 218sporulation- 7spring- 68, 69stability- 52, 92, 98, 108, 109, 124, 126, 175, 186, 206, 229stable-isotopes 83stand-characteristics 170stand-establishment 69, 112, 113static-pile-composting 187steam- 163steinernema- 57, 244steinernema-carpocapsae 57stellaria-media 94stems- 162, 200, 261stenotaphrum-secundatum 130storage- 151storms- 28strains- 244straw- 75, 87straw-yield 251streptomyces- 5structure- 38stubble-mulching 183substrates- 35, 163, 210, 216, 257subsurface-irrigation 168sudangrass-hay 257sugarbeet- 59sugarcane-bagasse 142, 232sulfate- 40, 148sulfate-reducing-bacteria 40sulfocomposts- 3sulfur- 3, 77supermarkets- 25superphosphate- 32, 88, 188suppression- 15, 69, 242suppressive-composts 159suppressive-soils 39, 75, 174surface-layers 23, 112surface-treatment 144, 261surface-water 265surveys- 198survival- 243susceptibility- 244sustainability- 147, 179, 245

sweden- 172swietenia-mahagoni 267switzerland- 84synthetic-fertilizers 19, 236telopea-speciosissima 5temperature- 53, 58, 98, 160, 192, 243, 244temporal-variation 188tending- 63tennessee- 9testing- 106texas- 120, 183thatch- 71theme-parks 271thermophilic-actinomycetes 248thermophilic-bacteria 150thermus-thermophilus 150thiofanox- 95thuja- 131time-domain-reflectometry 249timing- 41, 69, 144toluene- 133, 149top-dressings 84, 101topsoil- 32total-phosphorus-versus-phosphate- phosphorus-content 34trace- element-deficiencies 142trace-elements 51, 127, 189transformation- 89, 179transgenic-plants 272transplanting- 60, 61, 62, 220trees- 63trenching- 97, 162triadimefon- 71trichloroethylene- 14trichoderma-hamatum 86trichoderma-harzianum 29, 257trickle-irrigation 168trifolium-fragiferum 19trifolium-hybridum 32trifolium-pratense 19trifolium-repens 19, 32, 153triple- superphosphate 140triticum-aestivum 84, 185, 192tropical-soils 140, 171, 179tsuga-heterophylla 178tubers- 254tuff-soils 35turkey- 35, 99, 220turning- 22, 243ultisols- 140undecomposed-versus-composted-leaves 68uptake- 171, 247, 251urban-areas 146urban-compost 121urea- 3, 56, 75

usa- 189, 196, 237usage- 151use-efficiency 3, 147uses- 12, 26, 49, 156utilization- 44, 70, 202vaccinium- 105value-added 1variation- 255varietal-susceptibility 254varieties- 158vector-borne-diseases 93vegetable-growing 199, 203vegetables- 96, 134, 136, 245venturia-inaequalis 7, 218vermicomposting- 275vermiculture- 230verticillium- lecanii 57viability- 122, 243vigna-radiata 30vigna-unguiculata 91vigor- 129vinasse- 59vinclozolin- 71vineyard-soils 129viola- 188virginia- 198vitis- 200vitis-vinifera 82, 85, 129volatile-compounds 90, 98volatile-fatty-acids 54waste-disposal 31, 36waste-gases 133waste-paper 31waste-treatment 133, 176, 192, 197, 228waste-utilization 1, 10, 12, 25, 26, 28, 31, 36, 45, 47, 50, 52, 55, 65, 72, 73, 74, 80, 93, 97, 104, 127, 137, 167,180, 186, 187, 189, 209, 210, 214, 216, 223, 255, 260, 263, 264, 265, 267, 271, 273, 274, 275waste-water 176, 253waste-water-treatment 148, 216, 253, 262waste-wood 45, 163, 209wastes- 4, 6, 44, 48, 55, 98, 131, 212water-content 19, 249water-holding-capacity 53, 261water-pollution 8, 56, 183water-quality 80, 137, 265water-use-efficiency 185wavelengths- 236weed-control 94, 112weeds- 243weigela- 213weigela-florida 11weight- 86, 188, 232wetland-soils 48, 148wetlands- 48, 148, 216wheat-straw 58, 84, 88, 89, 100, 115, 124, 208, 225, 238

wild-flowers 112, 113, 268, 273windrow-composting 243windrowing- 274windrows- 98, 243winter-wheat 84wood-ash 132wood-chips 112, 130, 132, 257wood-compost 257wood-waste-as-mulch,-soil-conditioner,-etc- economic- aspects-united-states 2wood-waste-as-mulch,-soil-conditioner,-etc- marketing 2woodland-soils 137woody-plants 202xerosols- 165xylan- 208yard-trimmings 48yard-trimmings-composts 212yard-waste-compost 191yard-wastes 46yards- 4, 6, 8, 9, 15, 48, 55, 98, 131, 140, 212yeasts- 100, 180yield- components 67, 68, 87yields- 20, 32, 75, 87, 124, 251zea-mays 3, 41, 56, 64, 91, 111, 144, 158, 171, 178, 193, 194, 212, 225, 226, 256, 265zeolites- 102zinc- 135, 142, 158, 171, 182, 223, 250, 258zinc-sulfate 250zygorrhynchus-moelleri 86

Go to: Author Index | Subject Index | Top of DocumentCitation no.: 1, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 210,220, 230

Return to:Alternative Farming Systems Information Center, http://afsic.nal.usda.govNational Agricultural Library, https://www.nal.usda.gov

About the Quick Bibliography Series

Bibliographies in the Quick Bibliography Series of the National Agricultural Library (NAL), are intendedprimarily for current awareness, and as the title of the series implies, are not indepth exhaustive bibliographieson any given subject. However, the citations are a substantial resource for recent investigations on a given topic.They also serve the purpose of bringing the literature of agriculture to the interested user who, in many cases,could not access it by any other means. The bibliographies are derived from computerized on-line searches ofNAL's AGRICOLA data base. Timeliness of topic and evidence of extensive interest are the selection criteria.

The author/searcher determines the purpose, length, and search strategy of the Quick Bibliography. Informationregarding these is available upon request from the author/searcher.

Copies of the bibliography may be made or used for distribution without prior approval. The inclusion oromission of a particular publication or citation may not be construed as endorsement or disapproval.

United States Department of AgricultureAgricultural Research ServiceNational Agricultural Library

The Alternative Farming Systems Information Center, [email protected]://www.nal.usda.gov/afsic/AFSIC_pubs/qb9701.htm, June 9, 1997Web Policies and Important Links, https://www.nal.usda.gov/web-policies-and-important-links

agricultural research service, u.s. department of

Documents