Agricultural economy

South relied on this. Cash crops provided most the of the regions wealth.

1. Cotton2. Sugar cane

3.Tobacco

Industrial economy

• The north relied on this. They had industry and did not need slaves.

Nativists

• Opposed immigration • Thought immigrants hurt native born citizens

and polluted the US culture with foreign traditions.

The Know-Nothings

Also known as the American Party.A group called the Order of the Star Spangled

Banner. They didn’t like immigration. When members were asked what the group was about they would only respond, “I know nothing.”

Missouri Compromise

• Missouri admited as a slave state• Maine as a free state.• Missouri 36-30 N latitude became a dividing

line for any new states admited to the union. • New states north of the line FREE

South of the line SLAVE• Leaders hoped it would settle the issue of

slavery west of the Mississippi River.

Potato famine

• Causes mass starvation in Ireland.

Immediate emancipation

• Government should act immediately to abolish slavery.

Gradual emancipation

• Wanted to end slavery in steps, not all at once.

Fredrick Douglas

• The most prominent African American speaker for abolition of slavery.

Harriet Tubman

• Escaped slave that helped others by using the underground railroad to bring them to northern Free states.

John Brown

• White aboltionist. Most radical that attacked the federal arsenal and siezed weapons to give to the slaves. He was hung for this.

Republicans

• Abraham Lincoln was the parties greatest political figures.

• Didn’t want to abolish slavery, but opposed expanding into new territories.

Lincoln wins Pres

• South Carolina seceded from the Union. • 6 months later Miss, Alab, Georgia, Florida,

Louisiana, Texas all seceded as well.

Jefferson Davis

• Served as pres of the Confederate states of America.

Fort Sumter

• South attacked Union troops.• Gave Lincoln the support he needed for war. • Kentucky, Missouri, Maryland, Nw region of

Virginia (UNION)• North Carolina, Arkansas, Tennessee, and rest

of Virginia (Confederate)• The Civil war had begun.

Northern Advantages

• More railways, move troops and supplies better.

• More factories to make weapons, ammunition, uniforms and so on.

• 2/3 of the population were in the Union States. Not only more soldiers, more workers to keep army healthy.

Southern Advantages

• Better military commanders.• Was going to fight a defensive war. Only

needed to resist long enough for the union to give up.

• Greater motivation. Fighting for their homeland and rights to rule themselves. They saw it as the 2nd war for independence.

Battle of Bull Run 1st

• Manassas bc it was nearest town . Defeat for the union

Anaconda plan

• Wilford Scott’s plan. • Cut off confederate supply lines. • Sieze control of the mississippi river. Cut

confederate territory in half and place coastal blockades (keep ships from entering or leaving enemy ports)

Battle of Antietam

• The bloodiest single day of war. Forced Gen. Lee to retreat back to Virginia.

Emancipation Proclamation

• Proclaimed freed slaves in the Confederate states.

• Encouraged freed African American slaves to serve in the union army.

•

Battle of Chancellorsville

• Lee’s Perfect Battle. • Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson was gifted

general. Defeated more than 70,000 union troops with only 40,000

• Jackson shot accidentally left arm amputated. • Died

Gettysburg

• Turning point of the war. • 51,000 soldiers wounded, dead, or missing.

Bloodiest battle of the war.

Gettysburg Address • Abraham Lincoln's carefully crafted address, secondary to other

presentations that day, came to be regarded as one of the greatest speeches in American history. In just over two minutes, Lincoln reiterated the principles of human equality espoused by the Declaration of Independence [2] and proclaimed the Civil War as a struggle for the preservation of the Union sundered by the secession crisis,[3] with "a new birth of freedom,"[4] that would bring true equality[5] to all of its citizens, ensuring that democracy would remain a viable form of government and creating a nation in which states' rights were no longer dominant.[5] Lincoln also redefined the Civil War as a struggle not just for the Union, but also for the principle of human equality.[2]

Vicksburg

Ulysses S Grant laid siege to Vicksburg for almost two months.

Vicksburg surrendered on July 4 Residents so hungry that they ate horses, mules,

dogs and even rats.

William T. Sherman

• In charge of Western Forces.• Wanted to reach Atlanta bc of its importance

of the railway hub.

Atlanta Campaign

• Before Atlanta was taken, Northerners wanted to replace Lincoln as pres. Wanted them to negotiate with the south to end the war.

• After this success, the north thought they could win.

New Orleans

Confederacy surrendered to the Union in late April.

Red River Campaign

• Union wanted to capture Shreveport and cut off neighboring Texas from the rest of the confederacy.

• Texas supplied the south with the needed weapons and supplies.

Union Victory

• Less than 2 months Grant’s army suffered roughly 65,000 casualties.

Bennett Place

• Largest and last surrender of the war • General Joseph Johnston surrendered to

William T Sherman in North Carolina. The civil war is now over.

Presidential Reconstruction

• Southerners who swore alleginace to the Union were pardoned for seceeding.

• Former confederate states could hold constitutional conventions to set up state governments.

Radical Reconstruction

• Southern states were put under military rule• Southern states had to hold new

constitutional conventions• African Americans were allowed to vote. • Many southerners who supported the

Confederacy were not allowed to vote.• South had to guarantee equal rights to African

Americans.

14th amendment

• Made African American citizens of the United States and the states in which they live.

Share Croppers

• Farmed a portion of a white landowner’s land in return for housing and a share of the crop.

Tenant Farmers

• Paid landowners rent to farm the land and owned the crops they grow.

• They were less at the mercy of the white landowners.

Freedmen’s Bureau

• The first federal relief agency in US history. The freedmen’s bureau provided clothes, medical attention, food, education, and even land to African Americans coming out of slavery.

Carpetbaggers

• Northerners that came to the south to do business. They had stuffed their clothes into a carpet bag and rushed south to get rich.

Scalawag

• White southerners hated them. They were southern Republicans who supported reconstruction.

Compromise of 1877

• Democrats agreed to Hayes being president in return for Republicans ending Reconstruction.

• Southern states got federal money, more power to govern themselves, and a promise from the national government to withdrawal federal; troops.