agglomeration.doc

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Agglomeration

An example of an agglomeration is theSan Diego-Tijuana metropolitan area. The cities together create abi-national agglomeration between Mexico and the United States.

In the study of human settlements, an agglomeration is an extended cityortownarea comprising thebuilt-up area of a central place (usually a municipality) and anysuburbs linked by continuousurbanarea. In France, INSEE the French Statistical Institute, translate it as "Unit urbaine" which means

continuous urbanized area. However, because of differences in definitions of what does and does notconstitute an "agglomeration", as well as variations and limitations in statistical or geographicalmethodology, it can be problematic to compare different agglomerations around the world. It may not beclear, for instance, whether an area should be considered to be a satellite and part of an agglomeration,or a distinct entity in itself.

The term "agglomeration" can also be linked to "Conurbation," which is a more specific term for largeurban clusters where the built-up zones of influence of distinct cities or towns are connected bycontinuous built-up development (Essen -Dortmundand others in the Rhine-Ruhr district), even indifferent regions, states or countries, Lille - Kortrijkin France and Belgium). Each city or town in aconurbation may nevertheless continue to act as an independent focus for a substantial part of the area.

Contents

1 Metropolitan Area: Extended definition 2 Metropolitan Area : Administrative definition 3 Specific legal definitions

o 3.1 Quebec 4 Largest Urban Agglomerations 5 See also

6 External linksMetropolitan Area: Extended definition

A metropolitan area may be defined as an extended agglomeration or conurbation that also includesperipheral areas not themselves necessarily urban in character but closely bound to the urban area byflows linked to employment or commerce. The population may easily travel within an agglomeration bycar or mass transit system. For example if one lives a 30-minute rail trip away from downtown NewYork City, yet in a separately-named smaller county or state outside the city limits, that district or townwould be considered a part of the New York agglomeration.

Metropolitan Area : Administrative definition

The agglomeration can also consist of legal administrative divisions where data is easily availablebecause coming from one administrative level (Metro Area, City, Town, County, ...) The Greater TokyoAreaprovides an example of the difficulties involved because estimates of its population vary according
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego-Tijuana_metropolitan_areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego-Tijuana_metropolitan_areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexicohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Townhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Townhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipalityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suburbhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suburbhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INSEEhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit%C3%A9_urbainehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conurbationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conurbationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dortmundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lillehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kortrijkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agglomeration#Metropolitan_Area:_Extended_definition%23Metropolitan_Area:_Extended_definitionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agglomeration#Metropolitan_Area_:_Administrative_definition%23Metropolitan_Area_:_Administrative_definitionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agglomeration#Specific_legal_definitions%23Specific_legal_definitionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agglomeration#Quebec%23Quebechttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agglomeration#Largest_Urban_Agglomerations%23Largest_Urban_Agglomerationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agglomeration#See_also%23See_alsohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agglomeration#External_links%23External_linkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Tokyo_Areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Tokyo_Areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Tokyo_Areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:San_Diego-Tijuana_Metro_3D_Map.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego-Tijuana_metropolitan_areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexicohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Townhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipalityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suburbhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INSEEhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit%C3%A9_urbainehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conurbationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dortmundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lillehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kortrijkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agglomeration#Metropolitan_Area:_Extended_definition%23Metropolitan_Area:_Extended_definitionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agglomeration#Metropolitan_Area_:_Administrative_definition%23Metropolitan_Area_:_Administrative_definitionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agglomeration#Specific_legal_definitions%23Specific_legal_definitionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agglomeration#Quebec%23Quebechttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agglomeration#Largest_Urban_Agglomerations%23Largest_Urban_Agglomerationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agglomeration#See_also%23See_alsohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agglomeration#External_links%23External_linkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Tokyo_Areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Tokyo_Area


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to how it is defined. While the prefectures of Tokyo, Chiba, Kanagawa and Saitama are commonly usedto define Greater Tokyo, the Japan Statistics Bureau simply measures the area within 50 kilometers ofthe Tokyo Metropolitan Government Offices in Shinjuku[1][2].

Specific legal definitions

Quebec

Main article: Urban agglomerations of Quebec

An agglomeration, orurban agglomeration, is an administrative subdivision ofQuebec at the local levelthat may group together a number of municipalities which were abolished as independent entities on 1January 2002 but reconstituted on 1 January 2006.

The eleven agglomerations of Quebec, under this legal definition, range in population from 2,000 to 2million. In fact, only the agglomerations ofMontreal,Quebec City, and Longueuil exceed 12,000inhabitants.

Agglomerations are administered by agglomeration councils, and comprise a central municipality aswell as a number ofrelated municipalities, and their powers are defined by theAct respecting theexercise of certain municipal powers in certain urban agglomerations. Agglomerations have certain

powers which, elsewhere in Quebec, are exercised by individual municipalities. (These powers are notthe same as those of the metropolitan communities of Montreal and Quebec, which cover geographicallylarger areas than the corresponding agglomerations.) In some cases, agglomerations also have powersordinarily exercised by regional county municipalities.

Largest Urban Agglomerations

Greater Tokyo Area has more than 30 million people.

The term "agglomeration" is more appropriate for determining the populations of large super-cities likeTokyo, Mexico City, and Seoul. These examples are super-cities which have expanded enough toconsume other neighborhoods. Although administration may be separate for outlying districts, the

population might say they are from the central city.

There are various lists of agglomeration populations. Three are presented here.

According to one list (2008-10-01), the largest agglomerations in the world are as follows :

Rank City name English name Country Population

1 (Tky) Tokyo Japan 33,800,000
http://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/handbook/c02cont.htmhttp://www.citypopulation.de/World.htmlhttp://www.citypopulation.de/World.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_agglomerations_of_Quebechttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_subdivisions_of_Quebechttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebechttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipal_reorganization_in_Quebechttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montrealhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montrealhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebec_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebec_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longueuil,_Quebechttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_communities_of_Quebec&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_county_municipalityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Tokyo_Areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Tokyo_Areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ginza_area_at_dusk_from_Tokyo_Tower.jpghttp://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/handbook/c02cont.htmhttp://www.citypopulation.de/World.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_agglomerations_of_Quebechttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_subdivisions_of_Quebechttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebechttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipal_reorganization_in_Quebechttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montrealhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebec_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longueuil,_Quebechttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_communities_of_Quebec&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_county_municipalityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Tokyo_Areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Tokyo_Areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan


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2 (Sul) Seoul South Korea 23,800,000

3 Ciudad de Mxico Mexico City Mexico 22,800,000

4

New Delhi India 22,200,000

5 (Mumba) Bombay India 22,200,000

6 New York - USA 21,900,000

7 So Paulo So Paulo Brazil 20,900,000

8 Maynila Manila Philippines 19,000,000

9 Los Angeles USA 18,000,000

10 (Shnghi) Shanghai China 17,900,000

11 (saka-shi) Osaka Japan 16,700,000

12 (Kolkata) Kolkata India 16,000,000

(The above information was gathered from: [3])

And the list from 2006-11-22 :

Rank City name English name Country Population

1 (Tky) Tokyo Japan 33,400,000

2 (Sul) Seoul South Korea 23,100,000

3 Ciudad de Mxico Mexico City Mexico 22,000,000

4 New York USA 21,800,000
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seoulhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Koreahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexicohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Manila_Areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People's_Republic_of_Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osakahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://www.citypopulation.de/World.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Tokyo_Areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seoulhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Koreahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexicohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seoulhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Koreahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexicohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Manila_Areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People's_Republic_of_Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osakahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://www.citypopulation.de/World.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Tokyo_Areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seoulhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Koreahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexicohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA


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5 (Mumba) Bombay India 21,100,000

6 New Delhi India 20,800,000

7 So Paulo So Paulo Brazil 20,300,000

8 (Shnghi) Shanghai China 18,600,000

9 Los Angeles USA 17,900,000

10 Jakarta Jakarta Indonesia 16,900,000

11 (saka-shi) Osaka Japan 16,600,000

12 (Al-Qhirah) Cairo Egypt 15,800,000

(The above information was gathered from: [4])

Another list indicates substantially smaller populations for some urban agglomerations in 2007. This list

uses a build up method of population estimation of administrative jurisdictions within the confines ofthe continuously built up area (except where a census authority estimate is available). The principaldifference between the population figures in the two lists is that the first list substitutes metropolitan area

populations in urban agglomerations such as New York, Los Angeles, Mexico City, Mumbai and Delhi,which explains the higher figures.

Currently (2008), the agglomerations of more than 10,000,000 population are as follows :

Rank Agglomeration name Country Population Annual change

1 Tokyo Japan 34,400,000 0.2%

2 Jakarta (Jabotabek) Indonesia 21,800,000 2.4%

3 New York USA 20,090,000 0.2%

4 Seoul-Incheon South Korea 20,010,000 0.4%

5 Manila Philippines 19,550,000 2.3%
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People's_Republic_of_Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakartahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osakahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypthttp://www.citypopulation.de/World.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Tokyo_Areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakartahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabotabekhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seoulhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incheonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Koreahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Manila_Areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People's_Republic_of_Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakartahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osakahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypthttp://www.citypopulation.de/World.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Tokyo_Areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakartahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabotabekhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seoulhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incheonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Koreahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Manila_Areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines


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6 Mumbai India 19,530,000 2.0%

7 So Paulo Brazil 19,140,000 0.8%

8 Mexico City Mexico 18,430,000 0.6%

9 Delhi India 18,000,000 2.4%

10 Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto Japan 17,270,000 0.0%

11 Cairo Egypt 16,750,000 1.5%

12 Kolkata India 15,010,000 1.8%

13 Los Angeles USA 14,730,000 0.8%

14 Shanghai China 14,460,000 1.5%

15 Moscow Russia 13,260,000 0.2%

16 Beijing China 12,770,000 1.6%

17 Buenos Aires Argentina 12,390,000 0.5%

18 Guangzhou-Foshan China 11,810,000 1.5%

19 Shenzhen China 11,710,000 2.1%

20 Istanbul Turkey 11,220,000 1.1%

21 Rio de Janeiro Brazil 11,160,000 0.8%

22 Paris France 10,430,000 0.1%
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexicohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osaka-Kobe-Kyotohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buenos_Aireshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangzhouhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foshanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenzhenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbulhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_de_Janeirohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexicohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osaka-Kobe-Kyotohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buenos_Aireshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangzhouhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foshanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenzhenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbulhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_de_Janeirohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France


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(The above information is modeled for 2008 from population growth rates and is from [5] and[6]. The

Jakarta figure is considerably higher than some estimates because it includes the continuous

urbanization extending outward into the Tangerang, Bogor and Karawang regencies. The Manila figure

are considerably higher than most lists, which limit their data to the administrative boundaries ofMetroManila. However, the continuous urbanization extends into Cavite,Laguna,RizalandBulacan

provinces and is reflected in the higher figure in this list. London is not included because the continuous

urbanization is interrupted by the green belt. The 2001 census (United Kingdom Statistics Authority)

placed the population of the London urban area at 8,278,000, well below the 10,000,000 threshold.)

Businesses can also "agglomerate." For theoretical aspects see economies of agglomeration.

See also

City World's largest cities - A list of the largest municipalities (cities) areas by population Mega city Metropolis Metropolitan Area Tran border agglomeration World city
http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua2015.pdfhttp://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Manilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Manilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laguna_(province)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laguna_(province)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laguna_(province)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rizalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulacanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_clusterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economies_of_agglomerationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World's_largest_citieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megacityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transborder_agglomerationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_cityhttp://www.demographia.com/db-worldua2015.pdfhttp://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Manilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Manilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laguna_(province)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rizalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulacanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_clusterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economies_of_agglomerationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World's_largest_citieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megacityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transborder_agglomerationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_city

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