Agenda10/2---Day 3

• Take 10 minutes to study• Cell quiz

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•SSR

Collins I5 lines

Body Tissues

A. Tissues1. Groups of cells with similar structure and

function2. Four primary types

a. Epithelial tissue (epithelium)b. Connective tissuec. Muscle tissued. Nervous tissue

B. Epithelial Tissues

. 1. Locations– Body coverings– Body linings (structures

or organs)– Glandular tissue

2. Functions– Protection– Absorption– Filtration– Secretion

3. Epithelium Characteristics

a. Cells fit closely together and often form sheets

b. The apical surface is the free surface of the tissue

c. The lower surface of the epithelium rests on a basement membrane

d. A vascular (no blood supply)

e. Regenerate easily if well nourished

4. Classification of Epitheliaa. Number of cell layers

–Simple—one layer

–Stratified—more than one layer

5. Classification by shape

a. Shape of cells–Squamous•flattened

–Cuboidal• cube-shaped

–Columnar• column-like

6. Simple Epithelia

a. Simple squamous– Single layer of

flat cells– Usually forms

membranes• Lines body

cavities• Lines lungs and

capillaries

Simple Epithelia

b Simple cuboidal– Single layer of

cube-like cells– Common in

glands and their ducts

– Forms walls of kidney tubules

– Covers the ovaries

Simple Epithelia

c. Simple columnar– Single layer

of tall cells– Often

includes mucus-producing goblet cells

– Lines digestive tract

Stratified Epithelia

d. Stratified squamous– Cells at the apical

surface are flattened

– Found as a protective covering where friction is common

– Locations• Skin• Mouth• Esophagus

Stratified Epithelia

e. Stratified cuboidal• —two layers of cuboidal cells

–Both are •Rare in human body

f. Stratified columnar—• columnar—surface cells are

columnar, cells underneath vary in size and shape

C. Connective Tissue

1. Found everywhere in the body

2. Includes the most abundant and widely distributed tissues

3. Functions– Binds body tissues

together– Supports the body– Provides protection

5. Extracellular matrix– Non-living material that

surrounds living cells

D. Connective Tissue Types

• 1. bones• 2. Hyaline cartilage• 3. Elastic cartilage• 4. Fibro cartilage• 5. Dense connective tissue (dense fibrous

tissue)• 6. Loose connective tissue • 7. Blood (vascular tissue)

1. Bone (osseous tissue)

– Composed of• Bone cells in lacunae

(cavities)• Hard matrix of

calcium salts• Large numbers of

collagen fibers

– Used to protect and support the body

2. Hyaline cartilage

– Most common type of cartilage

– Composed of• Abundant

collagen fibers• Rubbery

matrix

– Locations• Larynx• Entire fetal

skeleton prior to birth

3. Elastic Cartilage

–Provides elasticity–Location•Supports the external ear

4. Fibro cartilage–Highly

compressible–Forms

cushion-like discs between vertebrae

6. Dense connective tissue (dense fibrous tissue)

• Tendons—attach skeletal muscle to bone• Ligaments—

attach bone to bone at joints• Dermis—lower

layers of the skin

7. Loose connective Tissue

a. Areolarb. Adiposec. Reticular connective tissue-Bone Marrow

a. Areolar tissue

• Most widely distributed connective tissue

• Soft, pliable tissue like “cobwebs”

• Functions as a packing tissue

• Contains all fiber types• Can soak up excess fluid

(causes edema)

b. Adipose tissue

• Fat Cells• Functions– Insulates the

body–Protects some

organs–Serves as a site

of fuel storage

Blood (vascular tissue)

–Blood cells surrounded by fluid matrix called blood plasma– Fibers are visible

during clotting– Functions as the

transport vehicle for materials

10. Muscle Tissue

a. Function is to produce movementb. Three types– Skeletal muscle– Cardiac muscle– Smooth muscle

a. Skeletal muscle

– Under voluntary control– Contracts to pull on bones or skin– Produces gross body movements or facial

expressions

Characteristics of skeletal muscle cells

• Striated• Multinucleate(more

than one nucleus per cell)

• Long, cylindrical

b. Cardiac muscle

– Under involuntary control– Found only in the heart– Function is to pump blood– Characteristics of cardiac

muscle cells• Cells are attached to other

cardiac muscle cells at intercalated disks

• Striated• One nucleus per cell• Cells are branched

c. Smooth muscle

– Under involuntary control

– Found in walls of hollow organs such as stomach, uterus, and blood vessels

– Characteristics of smooth muscle cells• No visible striations• One nucleus per cell• Spindle-shaped cells

9. Nervous Tissue• Composed of neurons

and nerve support cells• Brain and spinal cord is

made of nervous tissue• Function is to send

impulses to other areas of the body– Irritability– Conductivity