agenda 1 session 1technology trends session 2broadband as a new standard quality of connection...

Agenda

1

Session 1 Technology Trends

Session 2 Broadband as a New Standard Quality of Connection Services

Session 3 Market and Regulation•Direct and Indirect Technology Implication•Implication of Technology for The Economics of Overall Market Structure

Session 4 Market and Regulation (cont’d)•Implications of Technology to the Regulations•Summary of Regulatory Implications

Session 5 The New Convergence Services

Session 6 New Regulatory Paradigm

INFINITY Training Partners 2011

TELECOMMUNICATION IN THE NEAR FUTURE:

Technology Trends

The Impact of Advance Technology to the Market and Regulation

Agenda

1. Telecommunication Technology

2. Basic Technological Changes

3. The Internet

4. Mobile Communication

5. Next Generation Networks (NGN)/IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)

6. Convergence

7. Information Society Technologies

8. Cloud Computing 3INFINITY Training Partners 2011

1 Telecommunication Technology

4INFINITY Training Partners 2011

“Tomorrow’s cell phone will entertain, amaze - and even make calls” (Fortune Magazine, October 2006)

• Live TV Channels

– Live TV broadcasts• Health and Fitness

– Monitor your heart rate

• Tagging– Share your favorite

restaurant with friends

• Personal Identification– Gain access to data

• Digital Wallet– Mobile commerce

• Media Center– Get connected with

other in-home devices through Wi-Fi

Source: Fortune / Samuel Velasco / 5W Infographics

EV-DO: 77 Commercial Operators HSDPA: 120 Commercial Operators

Estimated 172 Million Mobile Broadband Subscribers EOY 2007

• Source: CDG and 3G Americas (June 2007); 1 billion refers to combined estimated POPs coverage.

More Than 1 Billion People Have Access to 150 3G Mobile Broadband Networks Today

CompetitivePressure

Regulation

Technology Pressure

Life Style Pressure

Telecommunication Business Pressure

Operator Operator

TelcoTelco

Operator Operator

TelcoTelco

•High competition market•Voice Revenue Decline •new Telco Business models

• Approval for new servicesApproval for new services• Limited tarif flexibilityLimited tarif flexibility• Frequency allocationFrequency allocation• New regulatory landscapeNew regulatory landscape• Cyber Acces Cyber Acces • Less RegulatedLess Regulated

• Approval for new servicesApproval for new services• Limited tarif flexibilityLimited tarif flexibility• Frequency allocationFrequency allocation• New regulatory landscapeNew regulatory landscape• Cyber Acces Cyber Acces • Less RegulatedLess Regulated

• Disruptive technology• Fenomena: Skype, Fenomena: Skype,

Yahoo..Yahoo..• Multiple Network Multiple Network

platformsplatforms

• Disruptive technology• Fenomena: Skype, Fenomena: Skype,

Yahoo..Yahoo..• Multiple Network Multiple Network

platformsplatforms

• Changing customer expectationChanging customer expectation• Easy to useEasy to use

• Changing customer expectationChanging customer expectation• Easy to useEasy to use

3

Industry Trends

Customer Needs

Faster Access to Maps, Directions, Directory

Services

Audio and Video Streaming

Distance Learning

Telecommuting

Secure TransactionsTelewebbing

Simultaneous Phone + Internet Use Enhanced Graphics

& Email

The Onslaught of Mobile Broadband: Wired Expectations in a Wireless World!

AccessAccess

BackhaulBackhaul

TrafficTraffic

19951995 2000 2000 2006 2006 2009 2009 What it means!What it means!Voice + Text, Email + Narrowband + Mobile

Internet Broadband

Voice DataDominant Dominant

ARPUARPU All About Voice Starts to All About Voice Commoditize Data

Fractional T1s

Demand for broadband is an opportunity & threat Dual mode (Wi-Fi, Cellular) is here to stay Carriers MUST deliver “true” broadband

Source: BelAir Networks 2007

T1s Metro EthernetWireless Mesh

Multiple T1s Microwave

Broadband = huge backhaul demand Today’s cellular data networks won’t scale

Circuit switched voice infrastructure declines Packet-based IP networks dominate

True broadband is an economic imperative Mobility premium based on data experience Great companies will emerge from transition

http://www.theonlyphoneyouneed.com/

http://www.theonlyphoneyouneed.com/

Competitions

You under attack !

The Cellular Carrier’s Dilemma

• Broad deployment of dual Mode handsets, led by the iPhone (and now RIM) will lead to:– User dissatisfaction with a 100-300K “wireless dial-up” experience– Users seeking & finding Wi-Fi alternatives to cellular data networks (e.g.

iPass, Boingo, Muni WiFi, etc.)– Wireless data ARPU at risk

Source: Unstrung Insider, 2007

Traffic increases, but ARPU is flat!Traffic increases, but ARPU is flat!

Source: AT&T Earning Results, April, 2007

AT&T Wireless ARPU = $50AT&T Wireless ARPU = $50

Market Drivers Manifest Importance of Mobile

Broadband

WiFi Handset Users (000) 2005-2010

2004 2005

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

FMC Users

50 204 1,294 7,479 17,494 32,272 46,795

Source: IDC, 2005

Source: ABI

Traffic in mobile networks

Source: GSM Assoc.

• Convergence of Communication,

Computing & CE Platforms

• Multi-mode Devices Connect

to Various Access Networks

–Service Requirements,

Availability, Cost …

Mobile Device EvolutionMobile Device Evolution

• User Behaviors Trend

from Wired to Wireless

• Same Rich IP Apps and

Services in all Environments

–Ubiquitous & Consistent

Experience Desired

Network EvolutionNetwork Evolution

• All-IP Network For Fixed-Mobile

Convergence (VoIP & data)

• Co-existence of Different Access

Networks for Various Needs

–Coverage, Mobility, Capacity,

QoS, Data Rates …

Service EvolutionService Evolution

Wireless Broadband Evolution

Network Evolution:The Right Technology for the Right Application

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 +1999

Wide-Area Multicast Technologies

Local-Area Technologies

EV-DO Platinum Multicast

EV-DO

GOLD

WCDMA

MBMS

FLO/DVB-H

CDMA CDMA/TDM OFDM OFDMA

Mobile WANTechnologie

s

802.11 n (Full) 802.11n 802.11a/g 802.11b

LTE

EV-DO

REV BEV-DO

REV A EV-DO

REL 0CDMA2000

1X

UMB1Rev 0

FLASH-OFDMRev 1

FLASH-OFDM (Pre- UMB)

HSPA +

Rel-7 (Ph 1) Rel-8 (Ph 2)Rel-5 (HSDPA)

HSPA Rel-6 (HSUPA)Rel-99

WCDMA

1-UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband), previously referred to as Rev C LBC

Device Evolution: Convergence of Communication, Computing & CE Platforms

1. Multimode devices supporting several air interfaces

a. 3GPP, 3GPP2, GPS, FLO/DVB-H, 802.11

b. Embedded WAN in CEs

c. Handset acts as WAN gateway to CEs (via 802.11, UWB or Bluetooth)

2. Continued advances of device capabilities

a. New class of computers -- Ultra Mobile PCs• Mobile microprocessors• Dual CPU - Up to 1 GHz

b. Multimedia• 3D Graphics, camera, video, display, gaming,

mp3 players

c. Large storage capacity for personal media library• Video, pictures and music

3. Integration at silicon level for lower cost, improved form factor and increased battery life

MemoryMemory

MPROCMPROC

802.11, FLO802.11, FLO

DSPDSPGPSGPS

3D Graphics3D GraphicsVideoVideoAudioAudio

ImagingImaging

WCDMA, WCDMA, CDMA2000,CDMA2000,

DSPDSP

Ultra Mobile PC

Service Evolution:

Same Rich IP Apps and Services in all Environments

1. User Trends Shift from Wired to Wireless

a. Ever increased demand for more and higher quality video

b. Users sharing content within a traditional fixed environment (wireless through the home)

c. Place-shifting of content now accessible at all times and places with wireless

d. Introduction of mobile real-time TV services via multicast technology

2. Individuals becoming content creators

a. Handsets now becoming media generation and storage devices

b. Wireless connection to social networks allows users to express themselves anytime, anywhere

User Generated Content on Social Networks

2 Basic Technological Changes

1. Digitalization

2. Computerization

3. Packet-based Switching


2 Basic Technological Changes1.1 Digitalization

• The development from analogue to digital is by far the most fundamental precondition for any other technological changes we have witnessed in recent years.

• Digitalization enables the integration of different services in the same network and enables synergy to be reaped in the whole value chain of service- production, distribution and consumption.

• Furthermore, digitalization enables expansion of resources in the access and core networks in a technical and cost efficient way.

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Three main technologies that have been important to realise digitalization of communication technologies and infrastructures:

1.Compression2.Modulation3.Forward Error Correction (FEC)



1.1.1 Compression

• Compression denotes the techniques and protocols that reduce the bandwidth necessary for transmission of a given signal. For example, there is a huge amount of redundant information in the analogue audio and video signals. These can be removed and, consequently, the amount of bits per second that must be transmitted will be reduced substantially.

• Compression technologies determine the digital bandwidth by making a trade-off between how much capacity is available and the quality of service that is needed.



23

Moving Pictures Expert Group (MPEG) has developed three audio/video compression standards, widely deployed in development of audio video services:

1.MPEG-1. Primarily intended for applications like computer images and graphics.2.MPEG-2 is used in digital broadcasting. MPEG-2 is intended to be generic in the sense that it serves a wide range of applications, bit rates, resolutions and services. MPEG-2 covers different picture resolution from Low Level (352X288) pixels to a very high resolution of 1920X1152 pixels, also called High Definition TV (HDTV) resolution.3.MPEG-4. Contrary to the MPEG-1 and MPEG-2, which are frame-based, MPEG-4 is object-based. MPEG-4 supports two-dimensional arbitrarily shaped, natural video objects as well as synthetic data. Synthetic data includes text, generic 2D/3D graphics and animated faces, enabling content-based interaction and manipulation. MPEG-4 is an important standard for the distribution of Digital TV to Handheld devices, and also for broadband IPTV and Video on demand (VoD).



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1.1.2 Modulation

•Modulation technology is used to transmit information, including audio and video signals, over different transmission media; the information is modulated on the carrier waves when transmitted, and demodulated at the reception point. In principle, the technology is used for both analogue and digital transmission, though the techniques used in digital modulation – where a stream of binary numbers must be transmitted – are different from those used in analogue modulation. •Modulation technologies have expanded the transmission resources in all infrastructures, and particularly in the radio spectrum modulation and other technologies which improve the spectral efficiency or include new spectrum to be deployed in the ICT sector, have challenged the scarcity argument, which has been an important pillar for the regulatory design in the ICT market. In this relation, a number of other technologies like Software defined radio, Cognitive radio, smart antenna and the technologies which use new spectrums (like the frequency range at 60 GHz and above) are important.



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1.1.3 Forward Error Correction (FEC)

•The signals that are received at the end users' site are often erroneous, particularly in the wireless environment, due to noise and multi-path interference in the transmission medium, among other things. These errors are experienced by the end-user as signal degradations, and consequently degradation of the quality of service. In the two-way communication networks, the problem of errors is often solved by retransmission of the signal. Another technology that can be used, when there is no return path to send commands up-stream and ask the source to retransmit the signal, or the timing requirements of the signal does not permit retransmission, is Forward Error Correction (FEC).•FEC is implemented so that some overhead information is calculated and added to the signal prior to transmission. The FEC overhead information is then used in the decoder to detect and, if possible, correct the errors in the signal. An important issue regarding FEC is that a part of the transmission capacity is ‘sacrificed’ to reduce errors and increase quality, and the greater the capacity that is ‘sacrificed’ for the FEC overhead, the more secure the transmission. In practice, the level of FEC is determined by the characteristic of the transmission medium.



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1.2 Computerization

• Another vital fundamental development has been the deployment of computers in the production and consumption parts as well as within the network infrastructures.

• The role of computers in production and consumption parts is quite obvious, but seen in the light of the objective of this Toolkit, it is important to emphasize the role of computers in the development of network infrastructures, including the deployment of computers in the network nodes as a replacement for switches and as devices adding intelligence to the network nodes.

• Furthermore, the processing power affects the spectrum use and management.



• Development of computers has had vital influence on the effective organization and operation of network infrastructures. o As end devices, computers act as intelligent terminals. o The use of computers in the network nodes has reduced the cost of

technology, network management, operation and maintenance.• The processing power of computers and the new applications have had a radical

impact on the ICT sector. o On the one hand, the expensive and complex functions in the network, such

as switching and Intelligent Network services, are done to a large extent by computers.

o On the other hand, computers have diffused in practically every function necessary for operation of an ICT network, such as billing and Human Resource Management.



1.3 Packet-based Switching

• Packet switched technologies have had an important role in the more efficient utilization of the available resources in different network infrastructures and the creation of platforms enabling multi-service delivery in the same network, enabling real convergence.

• Different packet technologies have been developed with different advantages/disadvantages. Internet Protocol (IP) is the most successful packet-based technology and the dominant paradigm of today’s ICT infrastructures.



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• Development from circuit switched to the packet switched paradigm is another important technological development. o In a circuit switched network a dedicated connection (circuit or channel) is set up

between two parties for the duration of the communication. The connection and therefore the network resources are occupied during the whole session.

o The Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS) network is an example of a circuit switched network.

• The problem with a circuit switched network is that the network resources are occupied even when they are not in use. For example, with regards to POTS, the network resources are occupied in the silence periods, resulting in inefficient utilization of network resources.

• Packet switched technologies, on the other hand, are designed to use the network resources only when meaningful data is subject to transport. Hence, packet switched networks utilize network resources more efficiently through bandwidth sharing. o Another aspect of packet switched networks is their capabilities in carrying

different types of services. o Many modern packet-based technologies like ATM and IP are designed to be

able to carry different types of services; however, specific technologies/protocols must be implemented for different services.


3 The Internet• The emergence of the Internet, which interconnects billions of IP-based devices

like computers to each other, may be seen as one of the most important changes in the ICT sector in recent times.

• The Internet was in the beginning primarily used for data services. E-mail and World Wide Web (WWW) were the most important services on the Internet. In further development, however, the number of services over the Internet has expanded, and today these include a variety of audio/video services like Internet radio and IPTV, Internet telephony (VoIP), blogs and computer games as well as various ICT applications (e-education, e-government, e-health, e-commerce, etc.).

• The next development we are witnessing is the emergence of ‘Internet of things’, which is mainly connected to the development of RFID technology and ‘sensor networks’. While a number of issues related to the organization of the general Internet are in place, there are a number of unsolved problems and challenges related to the ‘Internet of things’ which will be on the political agenda in the coming years.


3 The Internet2.1 Internet Protocol (IP)

• Internet protocol (IP) was first developed in the mid-1970s, when the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) became interested in establishing a packet-switched network that would facilitate communication between dissimilar computer systems at research institutions. o With the goal of heterogeneous connectivity in mind, DARPA funded research

by Stanford University and Bolt, Beranek, and Newman (BBN). o The result of this development effort was the Internet protocol suite, completed

in the late 1970s. TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) was later included with Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) UNIX, and has since become the foundation on which the Internet and the World Wide Web (WWW) are based.

• The IP packets contain all the addressing information, which is necessary to be routed in IP networks. The IP routers transmit the IP packets within the network based on the destination address available in the IP packet in a connection-less manner. This reduces network complexity immensely. However, to provide services in the IP network, connection oriented protocols like TCP and UDP (User datagram protocol) must be implemented to establish a session and make sure that it functions properly.


3 The Internet2.2 Internet Design Principles

• IP technology is designed in a way that enables a radically different environment for service development, innovation and competition when it comes to infrastructure platforms and service development platforms. The wide spread success of the Internet is based on four important characteristics:o Separation between network technology and services o End-to-End architecture, and extension of intelligence from the core to the

edge of a network o Scalability o Distributed design and decentralized control

• These characteristics of the technology create good conditions for development and competition where several actors can be involved in service creation and provision.


3 The Internet2.3 QoS

• QoS on the Internet is affected by a number of factors, including:o Delayo Bit Error & Packet losso Speech compressiono Echoo Firewalls

33

2.4 Security

•In regular telephony services the security and consumer protection standards have been defined and are generally found adequate. •With regard to the IP services, there is no one-to-one relation between the service and the physical infrastructure. •In the IP networks, anyone with access to the network can tap the signal and actively damage the integrity of the message and the signal. For example, to ensure privacy in VoIP application, the VoIP provider can implement end-to-end encryption, which is not 100% secure, but can establish security levels comparable to those of regular telephony.


3 The Internet2.5 Mobility and Nomadicity

• Generally we can distinguish between two types of mobility:o Terminal mobility: A mobile terminal can move around the network without

disrupting the service; o Personal mobility (nomadicity): A user can move to different terminals and

networks and still be connected.• Terminal mobility requires a wireless connection, while personal mobility can be

implemented without necessarily having wireless connections.

34

2.6 IPv6

•The current Internet Protocol, which is primarily based on IPv4 (IP version 4) has had rapid growth both when it comes to the number of IP enabled devices and when it comes to applications and services. •IPv4 suffers from major weaknesses when it comes to dealing with the rapid growth in the number of devices connected to the Internet and the new applications and services. This has resulted in the standardization of a new version of Internet Protocol, IPv6 (IP version 6) with 128 bits addressing to cope with the shortcomings of IPv4 with only 32 bits addressing.


3 The Internet

2.7 Peer 2 Peer

• The Internet is traditionally based on a client-server approach. There are a number of servers in the networks doing specific tasks, such as e-mail server and web server. The end-users install clients on their IP terminals, such as computers, mobile phones and PDAs, and connect to the servers for specific services.

• There is, however, another approach that is used more and more, where the end-user's IP terminals act as both a client and a server. In this approach the IP terminals connect directly to each other and share information such as files. This approach is called Peer 2 Peer to indicate that the peers communicate directly with each other.


Why All IP Core Network

NGN is coming!

Evolution ofenterprise networksDecrease of $/Bit


Evolution oftelecommunications

FMC


FMC

Next generation InternetWEB2.0 、 RSS


Telecommunication-broadcast

convergence


convergence

NGN (Next Generation Networks)NGN (Next Generation Networks)(Evolution of architecture and revolutionary services)(Evolution of architecture and revolutionary services)

needs meets seeds

・ Broadband/mobile gets popular・ network is now a part of life

・ Expansion of biz-use net・ Emerges net-based business

・ Opt/IP/mobile technologies・ Intl. standardization

individuals Business Technologies

Needs Seeds

Lifestyle changes New business changes Network business leap

Starting of new evolutionStarting of new evolution

Expectation and changes of NGN

Increase of usabilityFlourish of servicesEasy to use, with easeSimple/cheap


For personal users For enterprise

Rebuilding of businessNew source of profitCAPEX/OPEX decreaseBusiness area expansion


For network providers

NGN: enabling technologyNGN: enabling technology

Revolution for layman/enterprise as well as Revolution for layman/enterprise as well as network providersnetwork providers

Infrastructure of bizBiz.expansion baseAdoption to new biz modelsReliable/cheap


Technological necessity of NGNDoes the Internet continue to evolve?

Best-effort QoS: New applications are hard to developCommercial quality real-time communications are difficult to provide

TV conference, streaming, …

Security/Reliability: Not carrier-gradeChildren/elders can’t apply patches everyday

Mobility: the next bonanza will be in mobile gadgetsCurrent (ordinary) IP assumes fixed network

Discussions at Linux Symposium (2006)

The Internet created various applications thanks to the freedom of end-users.Does it apply to IPTV, Web 2.0, or FMC?

Limitation from IP’s principle

1. Routing table are updated in local manner; no network-wide, no equipment-wide sync scalable and cheap, but no QoS guarantee becomes possible

2. No state in routers; minimize memory access expandable and faster, but traffic engineering becomes unavailable

3. Very limited functions in networks interoperable ‘Internet Protocol’, but no security, no QoS-awareness

router

router

router

Packet (header + payload)

TE

TE

Routing table

Principle of IP

The problems tightly linked with IP principle and merits

IP Design Philosophy: Main Goals1. Effective multiplexed utilization of existing networks

a. Packet switching, not circuit switching

2. Continued communication despite network failuresa. Routers don’t store state about ongoing transfersb. End-hosts provide key communication services

3. Support for multiple types of communication servicea. Multiple transport protocols (e.g., TCP and UDP)

4. Accommodation of variety of different networksa. Simple, best-effort packet delivery serviceb. Packets may be lost, corrupted, or delivered out of order

5. Distributed management of network resourcesa. Multiple institutions managing the networkb. Intradomain and interdomain routing protocols

Grosshauser (2002)

Characteristics of the Internet

1. The Internet isa. Decentralized (loose confederation of peers)b. Self-configuring (no global registry of topology)c. Stateless (limited information in the routers)d. Connectionless (no fixed connection between

hosts)

2. These attributes contributea. To the success of the Internetb. To the rapid growth of the Internetc. …and the difficulty of controlling the Internet :<

Grosshauser (2002)

Operator Philosophy: Tension with IP

1. Accountability of network resourcesa. But, routers don't maintain state about transferb. But, measurement isn’t part of the infrastructure

2. Reliability/predictability of servicesa. But, IP doesn’t provide performance guaranteesb. But, equipment is not very reliable (no ‘five-9s’)

Downtime: IP networks: 471min/year, POTS: <5min/year

3. Fine-grained control over the networka. But, routers don’t do fine-grain resource allocationb. But, network self-configures after failures

4. End-to-end control over communicationa. But, end hosts adapt to congestionb. But, traffic may traverse multiple domains

Grosshauser (2002)

We must make Operator-friendly IP networks

• NTT: trial starts by the end of fiscal 2006• KDDI: Fixed network becomes all-IP by fiscal 2007• BT: by 2008• Korea: long-distance is by 2007, local by 2010

IP traffic > telephone trafficFiscal 2004: 34.1Gbps

(in Japan: converted 533k Erlang using 64kbps/call)

> -5%/year

May 2006: 524Gbps(Public Internet in Japan)

> 20%/year

Timeline

IP must be the base of future networks

4 Mobile Communication

• The development of Mobile Technologies and Services in the last two decades has had massive implications on the ICT landscape. o Mobile technologies enable mobility and flexibility in the use of ICT services. o Mobile technologies have primarily been driven by voice telephony but in their

development, they embrace the whole portfolio of converged services, particularly when it comes to wireless standards and the new generation mobile technologies.

• The emergence of mobile communication has influenced the telecom regulation at all different levels. o Licensing and frequency management have been the main regulatory issues

for the introduction of mobile services. o Furthermore, the regulatory design related to interconnection and tariff

regulation, pricing, numbering etc. have been important in making a competitive and innovative mobile market to develop. Due to its ‘time to market’ and flexibility, mobile communication has been important in offering telephony to developing countries.



3.1 Mobile Standards

1. First Generation (1G) : The first generation mobile standards were based on analogue technology.

2. Second Generation (2G): The second generation mobile standards are based on digital technology. Digital technology utilizes the transmission resources in an efficient way, both due to advances in audio compression standards and also due to advances in digital modulation technologies.

3. Evolution of Second Generation (2.5G): To increase the available capacity at the end user’s site in GSM networks, two approaches are used:

a. Deployment of several time slots. This is called HSCSD (High Speed Circuit Switched Data).

b. Deployment of packet oriented IP based technologies like GPRS and EDGE.

4. Third Generation (3G): The 3G platforms on the one hand include new frequency bands for the provision of mobile services, and on the other hand deploy more efficient technologies than 2G, resulting in increased spectral efficiency.



3.2 Mobile Services

• Mobile services in the 1G and 2G are dominated by regular voice services, offered primarily in circuit switched network architecture. In the 2G, however, the SMS service has also been an important service.

• Furthermore, IP connectivity and Internet access have been the drivers of the development towards 2.5G and 3G. It is generally accepted, particularly in 3G, that the data and Internet type of services will dominate the 3G markets.

• The mobile services can be divided in two categories: o Inter-personal communication services: These are the main services in the

current mobile networks, with voice services as the absolute dominant one. o Data and other communication services: These are primarily communication

services between a service provider (or a workplace, machine or application) and the end-user. These services are developed rapidly on the Internet and the majority of them are based on IP protocols provided on the Internet and /or other IP based networks.



3.3 Future Technologies

• So far in this section the development within the PLMN (Public Land Mobile Networks) has been analyzed.. Another important technological development which relates to PLMN as well as the new wireless systems is related to Software Defined Radio and Cognitive Radio.

• Software Defined Radio (SDR) is a flexible radio architecture programmed through software, which is reconfigured depending on the usage scenario. SDR consists of a programmable hardware base that is controlled through software, where different parameters, like power level, frequency band and modulation are changed/configured depending upon the environments in which users move.

• Cognitive Radio is a technology that could make efficient use of unused spectrum, potentially allowing large amounts of spectrum to become available for future high bandwidth applications. Most of today’s radio systems are unaware of their spectrum environment; they are designed to operate in a specific frequency band. A Cognitive Radio system senses and understands its local radio environment to identify a temporarily vacant spectrum to operate in. Cognitive Radio would hop into unused bands of the radio spectrum and hop out again if a primary user of a band required that spectrum.


5 NGN/IMS

4.1 Definition

ITU defines NGN as

• "a packet-based network” able to provide telecommunication services and able to make use of multiple broadband, QoS-enabled transport technologies and in which service-related functions are independent from underlying transport related technologies.

• It enables unfettered access for users to networks and to competing service providers and/or services of their choice.

• It supports generalized mobility which will allow consistent and ubiquitous provision of services to users“. In this definition there is a major emphasis on one of the main characteristics of IP platforms namely the separation of network and service layers.


5 NGN/IMS

4.2 The NGN Concept is mainly used in two ways:

1. A broad concept encompassing the whole development of new network technologies, new access infrastructures and even new services, and

2. A focused concept of specific network architecture and related equipments, with one common IP core network deployed for the entire legacy, current and future access networks.

The first definition is so broad that in a sense it covers the whole current chapter on technological trends. The second definition relates to the transition path towards a converged IP-based core and access network. In this report, the concept of NGN denotes the second definition. Here we distinguish between the Next Generation Core Network (NGCN) and Next Generation Access Network (NGAN).

• The NGCN is about the new switching, gateways and transmission equipments in the core network, enabling several access networks to use the same core network.

• The NGAN is about new access networks, like deployment of optical fibers, and the challenges derived from that.


5 NGN/IMS

4.3 Next Generation Core Networks (NGCN)

Today's Networks and Next Generation Networks


NGN is coming!




FMC


FMC




convergence


convergence

NGN (Next Generation Networks)NGN (Next Generation Networks)(Evolution of architecture and revolutionary services)(Evolution of architecture and revolutionary services)

needs meets seeds

・ Broadband/mobile gets popular・ network is now a part of life

・ Expansion of biz-use net・ Emerges net-based business

・ Opt/IP/mobile technologies・ Intl. standardization

individuals Business Technologies

Needs Seeds

Lifestyle changes New business changes Network business leap

Starting of new evolutionStarting of new evolution

Expectation and changes of NGN



For personal users For enterprise



For network providers

NGN: enabling technologyNGN: enabling technology

Revolution for layman/enterprise as well as Revolution for layman/enterprise as well as network providersnetwork providers



Technological necessity of NGNDoes the Internet continue to evolve?

Best-effort QoS: New applications are hard to developCommercial quality real-time communications are difficult to provide

TV conference, streaming, …

Security/Reliability: Not carrier-gradeChildren/elders can’t apply patches everyday

Mobility: the next bonanza will be in mobile gadgetsCurrent (ordinary) IP assumes fixed network

Discussions at Linux Symposium (2006)

The Internet created various applications thanks to the freedom of end-users.Does it apply to IPTV, Web 2.0, or FMC?

NGN: best mix of packet and circuit1. "Service Stratum" for per-session control of packet transmission2. Data is transmitted with IP packet for interoperability3. All necessary functions are in the network (fat network approach)

a. Operators can maintain every aspect of functions increase reliabilityb. All the terminals can do is just to call network’s functions increase securityc. Control interface is open promotes development of applications

NGN transport functions

NGN service control functions

Telephone Services

Data Services (WWW, e-mail, etc)

Video Services (TV, movie, etc)

Internet Protocol(IP)

Anything & Everything

Everything(Any & All Network technologies)

(Any/All Applicationse.g. voice , data , video)

ScopeOf

"Internet"

"Service Stratum"(Session control by using SIP, etc.)

"Transport Stratum"(managed IP network)

ITU-T Y.2011 "General principles and general reference model for Next Generation Networks"

Hourglass model of IP

Key convergence enablers are Next Generation Networks which will replace the legacy core network

with an all-IP based coreDefinition of NGN

Core1

Metro 2

Access Network

3

CopperFibre Wireless

IP Core1

Aggregation

Access Network

2

NGN

From 3 to 2

layers

Policies Governance Regulations

Convergence and NGN could impact the regulatory value chain from policy making to

regulatory levers Impact of Convergence and NGN on Regulations

Impact on Regulations

Light Heavy

Media vs Telecom Regulators

Industry led (NGNuK) versus Authority-led

Spectrum Numbering Interconnection QoS Content regulation Access Market definition

• Sector Objectives:

– Economic

– Social

• Policy Impact

NON EXHAUSTIVE

With convergence and NGN, new interconnection obligations could arise to address new bottlenecks

Interconnection under NGN

Interconnection Routes

NGN

Legacy Network

NGN

NGN Interconnection Bottlenecks

Network capabilities (block, delay or degrade service)

Elementary services (use of proprietary standards)

Service access (Walled Gardens: restricting access to certain addresses and services)

Control and user information (user authentication, location data, and other data to help resolve naming and numbers)

NGN and convergence will put even more strain on spectrum availability forcing regulators to optimize

spectrum useSpectrum Management Requirements and Initiatives

• Adopting technology development, i.e. smart radios

• Allowing primary licensees or spectrum brokers to lease spectrum rights to secondary users

• Registering the use of license-exempt spectrum such as WiFi to avoid overrunning capacity

• Re-farming spectrum held by users such as governments

• Trading spectrum (as per the EU Regulatory Package for Electronic Communications of March 2002)

EU Spectrum Management Initiatives

Mobile 2G and 3G

Broadcasting

Wifi

Satellite links

Microwave links

Wimax

Spectrum Requirements

Convergence and NGN Spectrum Requirements

Other regulatory dimensions would be impacted with the advent of convergence and NGN

Additional Regulatory Dimensions

Numbering

• Regulators should be ready for ENUM

• It will allow even more convergence and should be encouraged

QoS

• NGN will allow more flexibility when defining quality of service parameters per client

• QoS obligations need to be revisited in light of this flexibility

Access

• Access networks are evolving

• Legacy regulations might prohibit investments and hence delay faster networks

Content

• Convergence and NGN will enable a wider and richer delivery of content over telecom infrastructures

• Content regulation will soon become quite relevant to telcos and hence need to be properly adapted

1

2

3

4

5 NGN/IMS

4.4 Next Generation Access Networks (NGAN)

• Due to the wide spread of the installed base of the PSTN physical infrastructure, PSTN has been the basis for fast and efficient development and penetration of the Internet. In the pre broadband phase this was implemented by modulation of data signal in the same frequency spectrum as regular voice in the copper access lines. The data capacity in this frequency bandwidth is small and it can reach the maximum of 56 kbps.

• The next phase was introduction of ISDN, which improved the capacity and could offer 128 Kbps to residential households. While dial up PSTN modems and ISDN have had enormous impacts on the development of Internet access, today the Internet connectivity is mainly influenced by different broadband technologies.

• The new IP broadband infrastructures are in the literature denoted as the New/Next Generation Access technologies (NGAN). NGAN covers both the fixed (wired), wireless and mobile infrastructures, which enable IP connectivity to the households and companies.

• The terms NGAN and broadband can be used interchangeably. These subjects will be describe in detail in session 2.


Overview Teknologi IMS

1. IMS atau IP Multimedia Subsystem adalah teknologi arsitektur yang dapat mengakomodasi konvergensi dari semua jaringan wireless dan wireline dengan berbagai layanan voice, video dan data yang ditanganinya.

2. IMS dikembangkan dengan standarisasi 3GPP dengan menggunakan teknologi berbasis Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) signaling dan Internet Protocol (IP)

3. IMS merupakan core network dengan teknologi multiple access yang dapat terhubung ke semua jaringan berbasis IP

1. IMS dibentuk untuk mencapai tiga tujuan utama :

2. IMS merubah paradigma jaringan telekomunikasi menjadi all-IP network.

3. Perubahan ini menimbulkan tantangan bagaimana menyediakan layanan yang aman dan terjamin pada IMS

Overview Teknologi IMS

Arsitektur Jaringan IMS

Service Layer

Control Layer

Connectivity Layer


Layer yang berisi aplikasi dan content server untuk menjalakan layanan Value Added Services kepada user. Diimplementasikan sebagai SIP Application Server.

Layer yang berisi network control servers yang berfungsi untuk mengatur call, session, release, charging, operation and

maintenance, dan modifikasi. Komponen paling penting dalam layer ini adalah CSCF (Call Session Control Function)

Layer yang berisi komponen yang terhubung langsung secara fisik kepada jaringan lain seperti 3G, WiFi, LTE,

dan PSTN

Service Layer

Control Layer

Connectivity Layer

1.1. Jaringan inti IMS berada pada CSCF (Call Session Control Function).Kerja CSCF Jaringan inti IMS berada pada CSCF (Call Session Control Function).Kerja CSCF dibagi lagi menjadi 3 yakni :dibagi lagi menjadi 3 yakni :

2.2. S-CSCF (Serving-CSCF) merupakan sentral yang melayani semua sesi dari IMS.S-CSCF (Serving-CSCF) merupakan sentral yang melayani semua sesi dari IMS.

3.3. P-CSCF (Proxy-CSCF) merupakan interface external IMS ke client user (jaringan P-CSCF (Proxy-CSCF) merupakan interface external IMS ke client user (jaringan dibawahnya).dibawahnya).

4.4. I-CSCF (Interogatting-CSCF) merupakan interface external ke jaringan IMS yang I-CSCF (Interogatting-CSCF) merupakan interface external ke jaringan IMS yang lainnya (mengatur roaming dan inter-carrier calls).lainnya (mengatur roaming dan inter-carrier calls).

5.5. HSS (Home Subscriber Server) berisi database user, konfigurasi, dan database HSS (Home Subscriber Server) berisi database user, konfigurasi, dan database home subscriber dari S-CSCF.home subscriber dari S-CSCF.

6.6. SIP-AS (Session Initiation Protocol –Application Server) berisi aplikasi layanan SIP-AS (Session Initiation Protocol –Application Server) berisi aplikasi layanan yang dilayani oleh jaringan IMS yang dilayani oleh jaringan IMS

7.7. SLF (Subcription Locator Function) merupakan database yang menjembatani HSS SLF (Subcription Locator Function) merupakan database yang menjembatani HSS antar jaringan IMS. Akan berguna kalau terhubung ke jaringan IMS yang lainnya.antar jaringan IMS. Akan berguna kalau terhubung ke jaringan IMS yang lainnya.

8.8. MGCF (Media Gateway Control Function) merupakan gateway yang MGCF (Media Gateway Control Function) merupakan gateway yang menghubungkan jaringan berbasis non-IP (Circuit Switching) ke IMS. Contoh : menghubungkan jaringan berbasis non-IP (Circuit Switching) ke IMS. Contoh : PSTN PSTN

6 Convergence

• The Traditional Broadcasting and Telecommunication Industries have co-evolved with the Developing Internet, but the technological development is making this current sectoral distinction un-sustainable.

• Content and service provision has already taken place across the traditional sectoral boundaries for some time.

• Different services can be carried on different infrastructures and the end users’ access equipment will be designed to communicate with different services.

71

This process of fusion of content, service, infrastructure and end user equipment is denoted as convergence.


Convergence Definition

DEFINITION

Convergence Impact (1)

Paradigm Changes

Convergence Impact (2)

6 Convergence

Convergence Process


Telecommunication Convergence

Telecom Convergence Definitions

Taken from: Nokia Service Delivery Framework Convergence

Electrical Engineering Department – Universitas Indonesia

Convergence Background

Convergence is driving telecommunications into an open, “horizontal” IT model


NGN revolution is driving convergence of underlying infrastructure

Convergence Background


Convergence DriversConvergence Drivers

IP Convergence

Wireline Broadband

Carriers

Cable O

peratorsMob

ile O

pera

tors

Google,

Microsoft…New Entrants Yahoo, eBay…

New Entrants

1. Integration of innovative, revenue-generating IP-based service bundles

2. Already own the enterprise relationship

Win back fixed minutes lost to mobile operators

Deployment of centralized presence capabilities for multiple applications

Traditionally push new services and capabilities to the consumer

Need to retain market share and reduce customer churn

Retain enterprise mobile phone access revenue at off-net rates

WiFi threatens service revenue to carriers that operate over unlicensed bandwidth

Already offering “triple play” service over their broadband cable networks.

A wireless element could increase share of consumers’ telecoms spend through

Partnership with a mobile operator (Sprint Nextel Cable and Wireless Joint Venture),

Deployment of their own broadband wireless access technology, such as WiFi

•

Market DriversMarket Drivers

Some materials from Gartner Group

Service Convergence

• Data, voice, video, multimedia

• One contact list, calendar and voice mail

• Single sign-on, multiple devices and applications

• Centralized presence status (online, busy, offline) for all applications and devices

Device Convergence Identity Convergence

• E-mail ID

• Fixed phone number

• Mobile phone number

• SMS

• IM

Network Convergence

WiFiWiFiLandline Landline

CellularCellular WiMaxWiMax

Seamless in - call handoff

Elements of ConvergenceElements of Convergence

6 Convergence

5.1 Mobile Broadcast Convergence

• One of the main challenges that the mobile industry faces is the demand for increased broadband capacity that is necessary to distribute video, music, games and other digital content optimally to many mobile users at the same time.

• Parallel to this, the broadcast industry faces a decisive challenge in personalizing content and segmenting channels ttowards a still more fragmented market hat, apart from digital TV and radio, includes the Internet, which must be accessed through mobile terminals.

• In particular, young people have their requirements for content and communication through the Internet and mobile services covered, while their consumption of the traditional TV-media is correspondingly strongly reduced.

• This has caused broadcasters to look for new ways to target this mobile segment by offering streaming of video and music over the net and at the same time to integrate mobile SMS services, thereby creating interactivity in relation to existing radio and TV program platforms.


6 Convergence

5.2 Fixed Mobile Convergence

• Fixed Mobile Convergence or Integration, FMC or FMI is a broad concept that covers various ways of integration of mobile and fixed (wired/wireless) technologies and services. FMC is not a new development and several FMC services have been on the market for the last five to seven years, but new technological and market developments have created new incentives for further development of FMC services and creation of new types of FMC services.

• There are different reasons for the emergence of these services:o A high proportion of mobile calls are made from the home and office

environment. o At the same time the fixed operators are losing voice minutes and want to

reallocate some of their traffic from mobile to their fixed network. o When it comes to data capacity mobile networks are lagging far behind the

fixed networks. Hence it is much more efficient to connect to the fixed network when it is possible.

o VoIP is gaining momentum and many broadband operators offer VoIP services. Integration of mobile telephony and VoIP over broadband opens up new possibilities for competition in the Voice market.


6 Convergence

5.3 Converged Services

Services like VoIP and IPTV are important drivers of future ICT infrastructures.

1. VoIP

VoIP is an application that uses IP infrastructures, including the Internet to transmit voice telephony from point A to point B.

2. IPTV

For a number of years, Video and Audio services have been distributed within the IP-based network, including the Internet, using streaming technologies or by downloading the video/audio materials.

IP TV/radio denotes the delivering of TV/radio over IP protocol. IPTV can be transmitted in different networks that are based on the IP protocol. One of the major IP networks is the Internet, but Internet is not the only IP network. Dedicated/Managed IP networks can be established, and in current networks the IP protocol can be used widely without having specific relations to the Internet.


7 Information Society Technologies• The third wave of technologies builds on the technologies of the first and second

waves and implements these technologies, broadly resulting in the use of ICT in other socio-economic sectors with decisive influence on efficiency and quality in the production processes. This is called “Information Society Technologies”.

• Examples on the deployment of ICT in private and public sectors include E-banking, E-health, E-government, E-learning and a range of other E-based processes/activities.

87

• These implementations are then likely to give rise to the further advanced development of infrastructure networks, including ubiquitous networks, the portable internet and the automated Internet of things, rather than people.

• Furthermore, many new technologies are expected to be smaller scale and cheaper to deploy, so this will change investment cycles and patterns. Smaller players will be able to enter markets and fuel network expansion with relatively small scale investments.


8. Cloud Computing

INFINITY Training Partners 2011 88

Cloud Computing

Cloud Computing - The Coming Storm

What is Cloud Computing?

• “Cloud” is the aggregation of Servers, Low end computers and storage hosting the program and data

• Accessed via Internet anywhere from world

• User Centric – Easier for group members to collaborate

• Task Centric – User’s need is more important than features of application

• Powerful – All resources together create a wealth of computing power

• Programmable – Automated distribution of computing power and data across cloud. Data loss become a history now

Cloud Computing


What Cloud Computing “IS NOT”?

• It is not Network Computing

Application and Data are not confined to any specific Company’s Server

No VPN Access

Encompasses multiple companies, multiple servers and multiple networks

• It is not Traditional Outsourcing

Not a contract to host data by 3rd party Hosting Business

No subcontracting for computing services for specific outside firm

Cloud Computing


So exactly what Cloud Computing is?

• A style of computing where massively scalable IT-enabled capabilities are provided "as a service" over the network

Acquisition Model Service Based

Business Model Usage Based

Access Model Network

Technical Model Dynamic

Cloud Computing

Cloud Computing from different viewpoint

Cloud Computing is all of these things!

“A buyer centric view of technology where applications are available, through purchase, rental or even development, wherever and whenever.”

Line of Business Executive

CFO

CIO

“An approach to consume technology in a pay-as-you-go model where consumers only pay for what they use.”

“A comprehensive virtualization model for technology from infrastructure through application delivery .”


Cloud Computing

Evolution of Cloud Computing

Grid ComputingUtility Computing

SaaS ComputingCloud Computing

Solving largeproblems withParallelcomputingMademainstreamBy Global Alliance

Offering computing resources as a metered service Introduced in late 1990s

Network-basedsubscriptions to applicationsGained momentum in 2001

Next-Generation Internet

computing Next-Generation Data Centers


Cloud Computing

Cloud Computing Characteristics

Cloud Computing is a model of how IT should operate as a business!


Accessibility Agility

Service Management

Virtualization

Flexibility

Cost Efficiency

Automation

User Metering

Cloud Computing

Cloud Computing Framework

Cloud Framework

System

Business Process as a Service

Application/Software as a Service

Platform as a Service

Infrastructure as a Service


• Service oriented architecture infrastructure

• Rapid provisioning of IT resources, massive scaling

• Dynamic service mgmt• Energy saving via auto

workload distribution

• Consolidate IT assets & datacenters

• Standardize and centralize management

• Streamline processes with ITIL best practices

• Energy saving - Phase out inefficient HW

• IT assets & datacenters kept growing

• Desperate system tools• Inconsistent processes• Soaring IT and power

costs

• Virtualized infrastructure - increased system utilization

• Unify virtual & physical mgmt• Promote resource sharing

across organization• Energy saving – maximize

effective use

Virtualization

Cloud Co

mputing Complex

Infrastructure

Sprawl

Phys

ical C

onso

lidati

on

Technology Roadmapto cloud

Technology Roadmap to Cloud


Cloud ComputingSlide 96

Cloud Computing

What is the landscape of Cloud Computing?

SaaS and IaaS are the key cloud capabilities for 80% of our customers

Applications, typically available via the browser:

• Google Apps

• Salesforce.com

SaaS(Software as a Service)

Hosted application environment for building and deploying cloud applications:

• Salesforce.com

• Amazon E2C

• Microsoft Azure

PaaS(Platform as a Service)

Utility computing data center providing on demand server resources:

• HP Adaptive Infrastructure as a Service

• Rackspace

• Amazon E2C & S3

IaaS(Infrastructure as a Service)

Three primary models for Cloud Computing have emerged:


Cloud Computing

Software as a Service (SaaS)

• Applications (word processor, CRM, etc.) or application services (schedule, calendar, etc.) execute in the “cloud” using the interconnectivity of the internet to propagate data

• Custom services are combined with 3rd party commercial services via orchestration (SOA) to create new applications

• Requires investment to build an enabling layer with governance, security and data management functionality

• May require integration with back-office systems• Pay-as-you-go model

SaaS will disrupt the application management functions for both internal IT and outsourcers


Cloud Computing

What are the benefits & challenges of SaaS?

Benefits• Speed• Reduced up-front cost, potential

for reduced lifetime cost• Transfer of some/all support

obligations• Elimination of licensing risk• Elimination of version

compatibility• Reduced hardware footprint

• Challenges• Extension of the security model to

the provider (data privacy and ownership)

• Governance and billing management• Synchronization of client and vendor

migrations• Integrated end-user support• Scalability

Strong governance required to prevent lines of business from purchasing application services externally without IT involvement


Cloud Computing

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

• Applications are built in the “cloud” on the platform using a variety of technologies

• Simplifies orchestration of cloud services• Development, testing, and production environments (servers, storage,

bandwidth, etc.) are billed monthly like hosting• Pay-as-you-go model• Environments scale up & down at the click of a button• Concerns include code & data privacy, security and scalability

PaaS will disrupt the application development and management functions for internal IT


Cloud Computing

What are the benefits & challenges of PaaS?

Benefits

• Pay-as-you-go for development, test, and production environments

• Enables developers to focus on application code

• Instant global platform

• Elimination of H/W dependencies and capacity concerns

• Inherent scalability

• Simplified deployment model

• Challenges• Governance• Tie-in to the vendor• Extension of the security model

to the provider• Connectivity• Reliance on 3rd party SLA’s

Strong governance required to prevent lines of business from building applications without IT involvement


Cloud Computing

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

• Compute resources (processors, memory, storage, bandwidth, etc.) are provided in an as-needed, pay-as-you-go model

• Able to provide from single server up to entire data centers• Creates new opportunities such as Cloud bursting: shifting usage spike

traffic to alternate resources • Infrastructure scales up and down quickly to meet demand• Built on a utility computing architecture to host a SOA application layer

IaaS will disrupt the infrastructure management functions for both internal IT and outsourcers


Cloud Computing

What are the benefits & challenges IaaS?

Benefits• Systems managed by SLA should

equate to fewer breaches • Higher return on assets through higher

utilization• Reduced cost driven by

– Less hardware– Less floor space from smaller

hardware footprint– Higher level of automation from

fewer administrators– Lower power consumption

• Able to match consumption to demand

• Challenges• Portability of applications• Maturity of systems management tools• Integration across the Cloud boundary• Extension of internal security models

IaaS is the onramp for corporate IT to Cloud Computing!


Cloud Computing

How do SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS compare?

1.SaaSa. Easy first step to adopt alternative desktop office application

b. Requires nothing more than a credit card to start

c. Will drive home the SOA value proposition

PaaS• Aimed primarily at small & new companies but models apply to all• Large companies will benefit as services scale up and model is

driven into internal software development tools and processes

IaaS• Galvanizing approach to Utility Computing to drive high ROA• Overflow to external provider to avoid cap-ex to meet peaks• Longer term play due to immature tools and resistance to change


Cloud Computing

Solutions and vendors are emerging daily

External IaaS

Utility Systems Management Tools+ Utility Application Development

• Data Synapse• Univa UD• Elastra Cloud Server• 3tera App Logic

• VMWare• IBM Tivoli• Cassatt• Parallels

• HP/EDS (TBD)• IBM Blue Cloud• Sun Grid• Joyent

Software as a Service (Saas)

• Google Apps• Zoho Office• Workday• Microsoft Office Live

Platform as a Service

• Amazon E2C• Salesforce.com Force.com• Google App Engine• Coghead

Internal IaaS

• HP Adaptive Infrastructure as a Service

• Oracle On Demand Apps

• NetSuite ERP• Salesforce.com SFA

• Etelos• LongJump• Boomi• Microsoft Azure*

• Xen• Zuora• Aria Systems• eVapt

• IBM WebSphere XD • BEA Weblogic Server VE• Mule

• Rackspace• Jamcracker


Cloud Computing

• Increases business responsiveness• Accelerates creation of new services via rapid prototyping capabilities• Reduces acquisition complexity via service oriented approach• Uses IT resources efficiently via sharing and higher system utilization• Reduces energy consumption• Handles new and emerging workloads• Scales to extreme workloads quickly and easily• Simplifies IT management• Platform for collaboration and innovation• Cultivates skills for next generation workforce

Why should we care - The gathering storm

Possibilities of Cloud Computing

Cloud Computing

• Next evolutionary step in computing with >30yrs of momentum• Requires a new way of thinking, new processes, new skills, and new

tools• Enables the business to work around IT departments who are

seen as part of the problem • Companies will reduce IT operating costs and improve agility• Clients should consider cloud computing as part of their blueprint

refresh, application rationalization, and outsourcing activities• Client should investigate cloud strategies with their systems

management, application and outsourcing vendors

What is the Cloud Computing opportunity?

Cloud Computing will meet prime time in the 2010 timeframe


Cloud Computing

What IT must do to compete

• Adopt a service provider mentality• Inform the business without involving them in issues• Realign teams to present a unified relationship model to customers

People

Process

Technology• Pool technology resources• Manage the resources to deliver the required service• Automate wherever possible• Incorporate technology resources beyond the company data center

• Provide services with appropriate service levels• Support the user from their point of view• Respond quickly, act efficiently


Cloud Computing

What disruptions will Cloud cause?

• Alignment of roles & responsibilities to service delivery

• Staff training

• Reorganization to adopt a service focus

• Update of success metrics

• Knowledge management

• Utility Computing architecture

• Identity management

• Data security

• Data management

• Systems management strategy

• Vendor evaluation & implementation

Cloud Computing is a disruptive technology which will transform how IT does business

People Process Technology Strategy Structure

• Project planning

• Capacity planning and compute resource procurement

• Application prioritization

• Developing & managing service levels

• Technology Adoption (PoC, Pilot, Deploy)

• End-user support

• Defining a Cloud enabled IT strategy

• Budgeting and project funding

• Standards and guidelines

• Reference architectures for SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS

• Enterprise architecture

• Governance model

• Defining and implementing controls

• Identifying audit procedures


Cloud Computing

What new capabilities/models will IT gain?

• Ability to overflow workload to external compute resources as needed when internal resources are maxed out

• Adopting in-network redundancy with automated recovery to eliminate disaster recovery risks and costs

• Data as a Service built on the concepts of Master Data Management and the Semantic Web

• Rapid deployment (SaaS) or development (PaaS) to meet the immediate needs of the business

• New models and tools for improving & evolving internal IT

Additional capabilities will emerge as more Cloud Computing gains momentum


Cloud Computing

Cloud Computing Success Stories1.GE - Global procurement hosting 500k suppliers and 100k users in six 2. languages on SaaS platform to manage $55B/yr in spend

3.Bechtel - Reduced infrastructure cost by 30% in part by achieving 70%

4. server utilization

5.Washington DC - Google Apps used by 38k employees reducing costs to $50/user

6. per year for email, calendaring, documents, spreadsheets, wikis,

7. and instant messaging

8.Eli Lilly - Using Amazon Web Services can deploy a new server in 3min vs

9. 50days and a 64-node Linux cluster in 5min vs 100days

10.NASDAQ - Using Amazon Storage to store 30-80GB/day of trading activity

Cloud cover

Others leaders include Hasbro, ESPN, Major League Baseball, New York Times and British Telecom

Cloud Computing

Cloud Computing Success StoriesCloud cover

Cloud Computing

New services will emergeCloud cover

1. Data Warehousing & Business Intelligence as a Service• Today companies are challenged to find and build in-house expertise in both

technologies, and expertise directly correlates with value. A service would obviate the large investment in people and technology focusing expenditures on results

1. Business Process Outsourcing as a Service• Outsourcing business processes requires adoption for the outsourcer or

migration for the customer. Service enablement obviates the need for platform changes focusing instead on pushing data through the process in a seamless stream

1. Business Continuity & Disaster Recovery as a Service• Clouds break the link between applications and hardware enabling lightening fast

responses to outages and disasters without disruption. Billions of dollars spent provisioning “just in case” environments can be saved while improving service.

Entrepreneurs identify new ways to leverage clouds to address corporate headaches

Cloud Computing

As part of an IT transformation adopting cloud would look something like this…

1. Rationalize infrastructure & applicationsa. Reduce the complexity by identifying redundant, outdated, or

underperforming components and consolidate servers.2. Define the cloud architecture

a. Create a cloud architecture leveraging SOA for applications, utility computing for infrastructure, and ESB for integration with appropriate standards, governance, and reference architectures

3. Build cost profiles for each applicationa. Identify the costs to support, update, and operate each application

on a per user basis4. Identify and assess SaaS alternatives

a. Target SaaS alternatives offering a better economic model than internal hosting. If not available target SOA alternatives.

Where do we start - the weather forecast

Cloud Computing

…and this…

1. 5. Migrate infrastructure to a cloud bursting modela. Further consolidate servers from just-in-case to average load

provisioning using the internal pool of servers left over or an external IaaS provider to handle peak loads

b. Identify systems management gaps and discuss with vendors2. 6. Build new applications on a SOA foundation

a. Applications requiring significant development or new applications should be constructed on a SOA foundation with a particular focus on application virtualization

3. 7. Create cloud enablement roadmap for retained applicationsa. Define a development roadmap which migrates retained applications

to a cloud model through outsourcing (SaaS), replacement (SaaS or SOA), or development (SOA).


Cloud Computing

…but there are many onramps to Cloud Computing:

• Driver• Quickly gain new

capabilities• Select best in

class point solutions with already well defined integration methods (EDI)

• Requires• Nothing• Challenges• Governance• Data security,

privacy, and ownership

• 3rd party SLA’s• Integrated

support

• Driver• Development of

external facing web solutions

• Requires• Understanding of

SaaS application and data models

• Challenges• Integration to

backend systems• Data security,

privacy and ownership

• 3rd party SLA’s

Cloudbursting is fast emerging as the Cloud Computing killer app!

External SaaS External IaaS PaaS Internal IaaS Internal SaaS

Driver

• Cloudbursting – overflowing from internal to external compute resources

• Storage on demand

• New compute intensive services

Requires

• Scheduler to move jobs to cloud

• Internet bandwidth

Challenges

• Security

Driver

• Agility

• Maximize efficiency

• Maximize ROA

Requires

• Server virtualization

• Service level agreements

• Automated infrastructure provisioning and orchestration

• Integrated systems management suite

• Challenges

• Application silos

Driver

• Agility

• Maximize reuse

• SOA

Requires

• Internal IaaS

• Application virtualization

Challenges

• Application monitoring tools


Cloud Computing

A variety of cloud computing usage patterns are emerging from the primary

two models of SaaS and IaaS

Standalone External

Mat

urity

Complexity

Today Emerging

Back-office

Outsourced

Cloudbursting (Overflow)

Internal w/ SaaS

Outsourced w/ SaaS

Ea

rly

Ad

op

ter

Ev

olv

ing

Pri

me

Tim

e

Component BasedInternal

Software as a Service

Infrastructure as a Service


Cloud Computing

Definition of Cloud Computing patterns

1.Software as a Service (SaaS)• Standalone: External applications with little to no required integration

• Back Office: External applications such as sales force automation, customer relationship management and enterprise resource planning which require integration with one or more internal systems

• Component Based: External application components used by internal or external applications to provide functionality through any of several integration methods typically built on a Service Oriented Architecture

Cloud Patterns

Cloud Computing

Definition of Cloud Computing patterns

1.Infrastructure as a Service (SaaS)• Cloudbursting: On demand provisioned external infrastructure (via

cloud provider) to handle traffic spikes beyond the ability of internal systems

• Internal: Internal cloud oriented infrastructure with economic and service models models competitive with external clouds

• Internal with SaaS: Hybrid model building an internal SaaS model on top of an internal cloud infrastructure to create an internal cloud.

• Outsourced: Traditional outsourcing model where infrastructure is migrated to an external cloud

• Outsourced with SaaS: Hybrid model similar to Internal with SaaS but using an outsourced provider

Cloud Patterns

agenda 1 session 1technology trends session 2broadband as a new standard quality of connection...

Documents

telecommunication technology

technology trends session

new services approval

regulation slide

impact of advance technology

customer expectation

changing customer expectation

regulated approval