Age of Jackson1824-1840

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1824-1840: Age of Jackson

Few time periods are known by a Few time periods are known by a President’s namePresident’s name

Covers three President’s AdministrationsCovers three President’s Administrations JQAJQA JacksonJackson Van BurenVan Buren Tippacanoe and Tyler too!Tippacanoe and Tyler too!

Election of 1824

4 Candidates4 Candidates John Quincy Adams – Secretary of StateJohn Quincy Adams – Secretary of State Henry Clay – Kentucky, Speaker of the House,Henry Clay – Kentucky, Speaker of the House,

American SystemAmerican System Andrew Jackson –Tennessee & War of 1812 heroAndrew Jackson –Tennessee & War of 1812 hero William Crawford - GeorgiaWilliam Crawford - Georgia

Each candidate was presumed to be a RepublicanEach candidate was presumed to be a Republican Federalist Party - disappeared after the War of 1812Federalist Party - disappeared after the War of 1812

Popular Vote Results

CandidateCandidate Popular VotePopular Vote

John Quincy AdamsJohn Quincy Adams 115,696115,696

William CrawfordWilliam Crawford 46,97946,979

Andrew JacksonAndrew Jackson 152,933152,933

Henry ClayHenry Clay 47,13647,136

Electoral College ResultsWin = 133/261

12th Amendment –What if? The person having the greatest Number of votes for President, shall be The person having the greatest Number of votes for President, shall be

the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; Electors appointed; and if no person have such majority,and if no person have such majority, then from then from the persons having the highest numbers not exceeding three on the list the persons having the highest numbers not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the Presidentchoose immediately, by ballot, the President.. But in choosing the But in choosing the President, President, the votes shall be taken by states, the representation the votes shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote;from each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the statestwo-thirds of the states, and a , and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice.majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice.

The Winner Chosen by the House of Representatives . . .

The Winner Chosen by the House of Representatives . . .

JOHN JOHN

QUINCYQUINCY

ADAMSADAMS

Decision was influenced by none other than . . .

Decision was influenced by none other than . . .

SPEAKER OFSPEAKER OF

THE HOUSE THE HOUSE

HENRY CLAY (KY)HENRY CLAY (KY)

Clay dislikes Jackson

Doesn’t believe he is Doesn’t believe he is political experienced.political experienced.

Killing Englishmen @ Killing Englishmen @ New Orleans isn’t New Orleans isn’t experienceexperience

Adams supports many of Adams supports many of Clay’s programs –Clay’s programs – Bank of the United Bank of the United

StatesStates American System American System

“Corrupt Bargain”

Adams’ election angers Jackson supportersAdams’ election angers Jackson supporters Henry Clay appointed Secretary of StateHenry Clay appointed Secretary of State Did they make a “corrupt bargain?”Did they make a “corrupt bargain?”

Relative Failure of JQ Adams’ Administration Did not have electoral majorityDid not have electoral majority Regarded political parties with distasteRegarded political parties with distaste Tried to continue a strong national programTried to continue a strong national program Most voters wanted weaker federal governmentMost voters wanted weaker federal government South upset over his protection of the Creek South upset over his protection of the Creek

IndiansIndians Jackson – promoted himself as a “common man”, Jackson – promoted himself as a “common man”,

was a war hero & disliked interest groupswas a war hero & disliked interest groups

Tariff BattlesTariff BattlesTariff BattlesTariff Battles3 Tariff of 1816 Tariff of 1816 on imports of cheap textiles. on imports of cheap textiles.

3 Tariff of 1824 Tariff of 1824 on iron goods and more expensive on iron goods and more expensive woolen and cotton imports.woolen and cotton imports.

3 Tariff of 1828 Tariff of 1828 higher tariffs on imported raw materials higher tariffs on imported raw materials [like wool & hemp].[like wool & hemp].

Supported by Jacksonians to gain votes from farmers Supported by Jacksonians to gain votes from farmers in NY, OH, KY.in NY, OH, KY.

The South alone was adamantly against it.The South alone was adamantly against it.

As producers of the world’s cheapest cotton, it did not As producers of the world’s cheapest cotton, it did not need a protective tariff.need a protective tariff.

They were negatively impacted They were negatively impacted American textiles American textiles and iron goods [or the taxed English goods] were more and iron goods [or the taxed English goods] were more expensive!expensive!

3 Tariff of 1816 Tariff of 1816 on imports of cheap textiles. on imports of cheap textiles.

3 Tariff of 1824 Tariff of 1824 on iron goods and more expensive on iron goods and more expensive woolen and cotton imports.woolen and cotton imports.

3 Tariff of 1828 Tariff of 1828 higher tariffs on imported raw materials higher tariffs on imported raw materials [like wool & hemp].[like wool & hemp].

Supported by Jacksonians to gain votes from farmers Supported by Jacksonians to gain votes from farmers in NY, OH, KY.in NY, OH, KY.

The South alone was adamantly against it.The South alone was adamantly against it.

As producers of the world’s cheapest cotton, it did not As producers of the world’s cheapest cotton, it did not need a protective tariff.need a protective tariff.

They were negatively impacted They were negatively impacted American textiles American textiles and iron goods [or the taxed English goods] were more and iron goods [or the taxed English goods] were more expensive!expensive!

Votes in the House for the Votes in the House for the “Tariff of Abomination”“Tariff of Abomination”

Votes in the House for the Votes in the House for the “Tariff of Abomination”“Tariff of Abomination”

Land & Indian Land & Indian PoliciesPolicies

Land & Indian Land & Indian PoliciesPolicies3 John Quincy Adams:John Quincy Adams:

His land policies gave westerners His land policies gave westerners anothr reason to dislike him.anothr reason to dislike him.

He attempted to curb speculation for He attempted to curb speculation for public lands public lands his opponent accused his opponent accused him of denying their individual rights him of denying their individual rights and freedoms to expand westward!and freedoms to expand westward!

He supported the land rights of He supported the land rights of Native Americans against white Native Americans against white settlers.settlers.

1825 1825 govt. officials negotiated a govt. officials negotiated a treaty with a group of Creek Indians treaty with a group of Creek Indians to cede their land rights to GA.to cede their land rights to GA.

The Creek Indians appealed to Adams The Creek Indians appealed to Adams to renounce the treaty.to renounce the treaty.

Congress sided with the governor of Congress sided with the governor of GA.GA.

3 John Quincy Adams:John Quincy Adams: His land policies gave westerners His land policies gave westerners

anothr reason to dislike him.anothr reason to dislike him.

He attempted to curb speculation for He attempted to curb speculation for public lands public lands his opponent accused his opponent accused him of denying their individual rights him of denying their individual rights and freedoms to expand westward!and freedoms to expand westward!

He supported the land rights of He supported the land rights of Native Americans against white Native Americans against white settlers.settlers.

1825 1825 govt. officials negotiated a govt. officials negotiated a treaty with a group of Creek Indians treaty with a group of Creek Indians to cede their land rights to GA.to cede their land rights to GA.

The Creek Indians appealed to Adams The Creek Indians appealed to Adams to renounce the treaty.to renounce the treaty.

Congress sided with the governor of Congress sided with the governor of GA.GA.

Election of 1828

Adams v JacksonAdams v Jackson Redevelopment of the Two-Party SystemRedevelopment of the Two-Party System New Campaign StylesNew Campaign Styles

Age of Jackson

Re-emergency of Two Party SystemRe-emergency of Two Party System Birth of Democratic RepublicansBirth of Democratic Republicans New Campaign StylesNew Campaign Styles