Age of Exploration

Age of ExplorationNote: Information marked with a star (*) does not need to be written downWhy do people EXPLORE, wellanything?

BELL RINGERExplain why GOLD was a reason that Europeans explored the world?Song: O.A.R. Love and Memories

BELL RINGERDescribe the TRIANGLE TRADE and the Middle Passage during the Age of Exploration?

BELL RINGERWhich explorer sailed around Africa to India?Which explorer sailed to the tip of Africa?

BELL RINGER

Early ExplorationEurope depended on spices for the flavoring and preservation of meatsMongols could no longer provide safe passage to those traveling across land to India

Economic System of TradeChina and India Arabs and Venetians Arabs and Venetians EuropeArabs and Venetians made huge profits being middle men

Church InvolvementCatholic Church wanted to stop the spread of Islam and spread Christianity to areas of AsiaMotivations to ExploreGod, glory, and gold,GODWhy was God a motivation for European explorers during the Age of Exploration? Explain your answer.GOLDHow was GOLD a motivation for European explorers during the Age of Exploration? Explain your answer.GLORYHow was GLORY a motivation for European explorers during the Age of Exploration? Explain your answer.Renaissance InvolvementThe questioning attitude that came out of the Renaissance and humanism caused people to broaden their horizons. (Curiosity, etc.)Changes in NavigationBefore now:Stayed close to the shores of continentsCompasses were available, but seldom usedUsed Stars and SunMaps that were available were inaccurate

Maps/PtolemyMaps were based on stories and mythical landsThis improved because of PtolemyPtolemy used lines of latitude and longitude to aid navigation Ptolemy introduced the grid system still in use todayPtolemy

Change in Ship BuildingTriangle shaped sailsMultiple mastsRudder from side to backNew WeaponsRifles and CannonsCaraveL: Type of ship

Portugals Involvement1420-1580Quest to go further and longer down the coast of Africa to find new route to Asia

Prince Henry The Navigator

EX-MEN(Explorers)Prince Henry the NavigatorOpened a school for navigation at Sagres.Obsessed with finding a route to AsiaBrought together sailors, navigators, mathematicians, and astronomersThis is the beginning of the Portuguese empireBartolomeu Dias

Bartholomeu DiasWanted to find the southern tip of Africa1488 He did find itPresent day Cape of Good HopeProved that you could reach the east by sailing around Africa

Dias VoyageVasco de GamaTook four ships around the tip of Africa stopping at trade spots along the wayWhen he reached India, he tried to get India to trade with PortugalWhen he returned home he was regarded as a national heroVasco de Gama

Spains InvolvementKing Ferdinand and Queen Isabella backed an expedition to find a westward trade route to IndiaConvinced that the circumference of Earth was not as great as others thought, Italian Christopher Columbus believed he could reach Asia by sailing west.Spain backed Christopher Columbus on a voyage to find IndiaFerdinand and Isabella

Christopher Columbus

Columbus (Cont)October 11th, 1492Columbus finds the present day West IndiesThinks its India. People referred to as Indians

STUDENT

QuestionHow many African slaves did Great Britain transport in Triangle Trade?

39 Answer2.5 millionAmerigo VespucciItalian merchantBorn in Florence, employed by Medici family.Find passage to India that eluded Columbus.Searched 400 miles of coast along South America.

Vespucci ContinuedI see no reason why anyone should justly object to calling this part ... America, after Amerigo [Vespucci], its discoverer, a man of great ability.The name stuck, and when a second huge land mass was discovered to the north, the names North and South America were applied to the two continents.Treaty of TordesillasIn the 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas, they decided on a north-to-south line through the Atlantic Ocean and the easternmost part of South America. Portugal claimed the unexplored territories east of the line, Spain to the west.Magellan PortugueseReached southern tip of South AmericaStraight of MagellanReached Pacific Ocean=calm3 years later, ship returns to Seville. First ship to circumnavigate

Magellan

Magellans Voyage

CircumnavigationDefinition= sailing completely around something, such as the worldPortugalDefeated the Arabs to take control of tradeTook control of Indian OceanColonized BrazilGrew sugar cane, tobacco, coffee, and cottonSpainConquistadors= conquerors came to the Americas to serve GodA.K.A. spread ChristianityGOD, GOLD & GLORYHernan Cortes comes to Mexico

Hernan Cortes

Montezuma II

Hernan CortesAztecs believed that the Spanish were supernatural creaturesMontezuma II (leader of Aztecs) thought might be returning gods. Offered gifts of goldRiches were unimaginable. Fighting broke out and Aztecs were destroyedFrancisco Pizarro

Francisco PizarroInvaded the Incan Empire in PeruFought the Incan leader AtahualpaPizarro killed thousands of IncansForced labor, starvation, and disease took a huge toll on the Native Americans.* Pizzaro captured Atahualpa and sent for a ransom. He promised to release Atahualpa if the ransom was filled. He killed him anyways.Pizarros Journey

Atahualpa

Spains Goals for AmericaConvert the Indians to ChristianityRichesFrom the IndiansFrom the LandGold, Crops, SilverDutch ExpansionFirst voyage to India in 1599Went back three years later and set up Dutch East India CompanyControlled trade of sugar, spices, coffee, and tea1641-Controlled all trade coming out of Spice Islands

Henry Hudson

Dutch Expansion (cont) Henry Hudson claimed land along Atlantic coast of AmericaDutch founded Dutch West India Company to establish coloniesFounded New Amsterdam which became a hub for Dutch trade

What is New Amsterdams Present Day Name?Answer: NEW YORK!!!

French Expansion1524 French attempted to find Northwestern Passage through America to AsiaNo Luck!!!!10 Years later Jacques Cartier sailed up the St. Lawrence River to present day Montreal and claimed it for the French

Jacques Cartier

English ExpansionJamestown- present day VirginiaFirst English settlement in North America 16081620s Pilgrims settled in Plymouth (present day Massachusetts) Protestants who set up Mayflower Compact

Explain why GOD was a reason that Europeans explored the world?

BELL RINGER

Slave TradeTriangular trade- ships sailed the triangle of Europe, Africa, and the AmericasEuropeans went to Africa and traded goods for slaves, took them to America and traded slaves for goods, then went back to Europe

74The Middle PassageMiddle Leg of Triangle TradeBelow deck, slaves were packed tightlyEach slave got 4 or 5 foot long by 2 to 3 foot area. Chained together so they could not move or lie down3,000 miles

The Middle Passage (cont.)10 to 24 million slaves into the Americas1 in 5 died during the journeyWhen in AmericaSlave auctions- plantation owners prodded and examined slavesLabor was hardLong HoursLife Expectancy ShortSlave Trade

Commercial RevolutionNew methods for investing money, speeding the flow of money, and reducing risk in business venturesi.e. joint-stock companiesOverseas TradeRequired large amounts of money and capitalMerchants turned to bankers for loansi.e. Medici of FlorenceOverseas Trade (cont.)Banking families began to be replaced by government chartered banksThese banks provided loans, deposits, and began exact exchange rates for foreign currency

Joint-Stock CompanyDefinition- trading venture that sold shares to divide costs and profitsWay to defer risks. Investor would only lose the amount they had invested in sharesProvided a stable way of raising funds for voyagesEntrepreneursDefinition- individuals who combined money, ideas, raw materials, and labor to make goods and profits*i.e. would buy wool, then employ spinners to make the yarn, then weavers would make the cloth. The cloth would be sold on the open market where it would bring a profit. Losses were a possibilityMercantilismDefinition- economic policy of European nations in the 1600s, equating wealth and powerBalance of TradeDefinition- exporting more than you importGrowth of EuropeEffects of trade and economics caused a boom in the population of EuropeThe End!!!!

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