AFTHAP m4 10.031

Luis A. Agudo Fernández

AFTHAP CONFERENCE www.afthap.com

REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED CONCRETE PIPE, STEEL CYLINDER TYPE

Module 4:Significant features

Final Summary

2AFTHAP m4 10.03

Reinforced concrete steel cylider type experiences since 1984

Year Name DiameterLength

(m)Pressure (m.w.c)

1894Outfall in

Paris1.800 mm 1.500 m 35

1895-1905

City of Paris

300 to 400 120.000 40

500 to 800 70.000 40

1.000 to 1.250

38.000 40

500 1.200 40

2.000 1.500 30

City of Nimes

800 2.500 35

Verifiable references, 4400 km since 1958› Around 3500 manufactured by AFTHAP associates

They can be reviewed on www.afthap.com

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Experience of AFTHAP

Specific manufacturing at the pull of the customer Adaptability to standard, use, load, installation

conditions, environment, and so.

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Versatility

Strength to ovalizing strains based on the pipe itself and not on extraordinary fillings

Impact and extreme temperatures strength Buoyancy almost zero (depending on diameters and

thicknesses)

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Robustness

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It does not require complicated tests of the weldings, penetrating liquids test is enough

It can bear longitudinal tractions, for examplen in the case of self anchored pieces

There is no limit to the use in pressure or diameter

It admits small bend radius, hard alignments in plan and elevation.

Possibility of using a welded joint

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It allows small movements, differential settlements, earthquake.

Electrical discontinuity. Really simplified joint, it avoids certified welders

and checking the joints on site. It avoids joint protections on site. It requires few equipments for the assembly. Speed of execution, less occupancy time.

Possibility of using an elastic joint

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They do not require preservation measures Steels are passivated with the concrete alcaline

pH. The reduction produced by the alcaline pH

prevents the reinforcements oxidation. Head loss usually decreases with time. The

concrete surface remains undisturbed and it almost always, depending on water, produces a layer of thin silt which makes it more slippery.

Durability

Very high failure critical pressure for negative pressures – It does not buckle easily

Good fatigue behavior Good behavior for variable stresses (fluttering

pressure variations) Good strength to handlings during the transport

and assembly

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Strength to transient and/or accidental strains

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Madrid, Plaza de Castilla, reinforced concrete, in use since 1949.Manhole making in (55 years)

Alhama, Murcia, prestressed concrete, in use since 70´s.Manhole making in 2009 (around 40 years)

Passivating

Turbulence production next to the duct wall Accurate formulas are valid (Darcy, Colebrook) The Hazen Williams formula that includes a correction

factor depending on the diameter is quite rough In all of them, the roughness factors are in the safe side,

because of their experimental determination, between 1939 and 1775, with pipes shorter and rougher than current ones

For big diameters, the pipe capacity is almost the same in any material

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Influence of roughness

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Madrid, Plaza de Castilla, reinforced concrete, in use since 1949.

Reduction on the head loss in time

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Alhama, Murcia, prestressed concrete, in use since 70´s.

Reduction on the head loss in time

Lower energy consumption during manufacturing Non-polluting manufacturing Very long useful life Non-polluting residue Reuse possibility (high and very high strength

concretes)› Detailed documentation on www.afthap.com,

documentation from the 2005 and 2007 seminar

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Sustainability

European standards UNE – EN › 639 Common requirements› 641 Reinforced concrete cylinder type› 642 Prestressed concrete cylinder type› 805 Systems and components outside buildings

Instruction of Eduardo Torroja Institute for reinforced or prestressed concrete pipes 2007

Certification with DIT

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Standardization

The development of a Technical Suitability Document (DIT) includes:

The preparation of a detailed manual on manufacturing and use approved by a comission of experts created for this purpose by the certification body.

Tracking with periodical controls› All the documentation is public. The one related to

reinforced and prestressed concrete pies, steel cylinder type, can be obtained from www.afthap.com

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Certification by DIT