african college of health (ach); pediatrics notes

8/9/2019 AFRICAN COLLEGE OF HEALTH (ACH); Pediatrics Notes

1/306

BL_KGBI GHCCDAD HL NDBCPN(BGN)

Vd`kbtrkgs Ihtds:

Idhibthchay:

\krakikb Bpabr, bi bidstndskhchakst, `dvdchpd` tnd

BVAB_ sghrd. Tsdluc thhc lhr kmmd`kbtd bssdssmdit hl

tnd gnkc`. Kt ks iht usd` lhr cbtdr ki ckld, hicy bt

okrtn. Tsdluc lhr `dtdrmkikia prhardsskhi hl

rdsusgktbtkhi. BVAB_ ks lhr bppdbrbigd, pucsd, arkmbgd,

bgtkvkty, bi` rdspkrbtkhis. Wghrd th ! bt hid mkiutdrd"ukrds rdsusgktbtkhi. #h iht $bkt lhr hid mkiutd

tnhuan. % gbi od phhr bcsh. Vhhr sghrd bt & mkiutds

`hds iht prd`kgt suosd"udit gdrdorbc pbcsy. Vhhr sghrd

bt ' mkiutds prd`kgts nkandr mhrok`kty bi` mhrtbckty.

Wghrd ( th ) ks ahh`. Wghrds & th * brd lbkr. +d$ohri

ks biy gnkc` ui`dr tnd bad hl '( `bys.

+d$ohri kilbits nbs b ocudarby pkamditd` cdskhi hi tnd

sbgrbc brdb. Kt ks gcdbrcy `dmbrgbtd` bi` `hds iht lb`d

kith tnd surrhui`kia s-ki. nbt ks tnd mhst ck-dcy

`kbaihsks/ Bis$dr ks 6hiahckbi spht. 2ndy brd mhrd

ghmmhicy sddi ki `br-s-kiid` rbgds. Tp th &? hl

7bugbskbi id$ohris $kcc nbvd kt. #klldrditkbc `kbaihsks

kigcu`ds gnkc` bousd, sh `hgumdit 6hiahckbi sphts th

prdvdit suosd"udit kssuds. 0ruksds $kcc lb`d kith

surrhui`kia s-ki4 ki tnbt gbsd ghisk`dr gnkc` bousd.

6hiahckbi sphts gbi hggur hi biy pbrt hl tnd oh`y,typkgbccy sddi hi tnd outthg-s hr sbgrbc brdb. 2ndy

lb`d ki mhitns th b ydbr. 6hiahckbi sphts gbusd` oy

ndkantdid` rdgdpthr rdsphisd th mdcbihgytd stkmucbtkia

nhrmhid.


2/306

+d$ohri kilbit bt okrtn ks ihtd` th nbvd bgrhgybihsks,

b ndbrt rbtd hl )%, arkmbgds th stkmucbtkhi, bi` ks

bgtkvd $ktn b custy gry. nbt ks ndr BVAB_ sghrd/

BVAB_ sghrd < ih ndbrt rbtd, ih rdspkrbtkhis, ih

musgcd thid, ih rdlcd1 krrktbokckty >d.a. oucosugtkhi;, ocud oh`y. BVAB_ sghrd )< :_ 5 ), $db- gry,

shmd d1trdmkty lcd1khi, shmd rdlcd1 mhtkhi, pki- oh`y

ocud d1trdmktkds. BVAB_ sghrd '< :_ 3 ), vkahrhus

gry, brms=cdas lcd1d`, rdlcd1 gry=$ktn`rb$bc, pki- bcc

hvdr.

Drytndmb thxkgum5 ks vdry ghmmhi ki id$ohris bi` snhuc`

od `klldrditkbtd` lrhm stbpnychghggbc sgbc`d` s-ki

syi`rhmd >WWWW;. 9rytndmb th1kgum `hds iht bppdbr ki

tnd lkrst `by hl ckld, usubccy snh$s ki '! `bys. Kt ks

gnbrbgtdrk8d` oy drytndmbthus mbgucds tnbt gbi odghmd

ockstdrs hr pustucds. Kt ks mkarbthry, sugn tnbt tnd

id1t `by tndrd mby od gcdbrkia ki shmd sphts bi` id$

drytndmb ki htndr sphts. Vustucds hl drytndmb th1kgum

idhibthrum >rd` rbsn hl tnd id$ohri;, kl sgrbpd`, $kcc

ghitbki mbiy dhskihpnkcs.

Wtbpnychghggbc sgbc`d` seki5 mby od prdsdit ki tnd

lkrst `by hl ckld, mby prdsdit $ktn pustucds, s-ki $kcc

stbrt th pddc hll. Kl yhu sgrbp kt, kt $kcc lhrm b

ockstdr ck-d b ouri >+k-hcs-y skai;. Vustucds $kcc od

lucc hl idutrhpnkcs. WWW obokds $kcc od kcc, th1kg ki

bppdbrbigd, gbi nbvd sdpsks. F 2rdbt drytndmb th1kgum$ktn rdbssurbigd hl tnd pbrdits.


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* Wdobgdhus acbi` nypdrpcbskb5 chh-s ck-d chts hl

ckttcd $nktdndb`s, ki brdbs tnbt brd mhrd hkcy ck-d

ihsd. 2rdbtmdit ks th cdbvd tndm bchid.

* kckb5 ghmds ki lkid$nktd >mkckbrkb grystbcckib; bi`

rd` >mkckbrkb ruorb;. 0dikai.

* Dostdki pdbrcs brd ghmmhicy sddi ki tnd mhutn >mughus

mdmorbids; bchia tnd mk`ckid, ust b ghccdgtkhi hl

strbtklkd` dpktndckum bi` tdi`s th ah b$by. #h iht

ghilusd $ktn thrus pbcbtkius, bi bgtubc `dlhrmkty hl

tnd nbr` pbcbtd $ndrd kt gurvds `h$i. 2nbt ks pdrmbidit

bi` gbi od ghvdrd` oy mughus mdmorbid, gbusd ih kssuds.

* !utks mbrmhrbtb5 chh-s ck-d ghoocdsthid ochh`

vdssdcs. 7bi hggur $ndi tnd oboy ks ghc`. Kt ks

sdghi`bry th vbshmhthr kistbokckty. Bs tndy adt hc`dr,

kt adts odttdr. 7utks mbrmhrbtb tdcbiakdgtbskb

ghiadiktbc `hds iht ah b$by bs tnd gnkc` adts hc`dr.

7utks mbrmhrbtb shmdtkmds sddi ki #h$i syi`rhmd.

F +dhibtbc bgid >bgid idhibthrum; ks b ndkantdid`rdgdpthr rdsphisd th gkrgucbtkia dstrhadis. Tsubccy

snh$s brhui` b $dd- th t$h $dd-s. Ahds b$by, ih idd` th

trdbt $ktn bgid md`kgbtkhis.

F +d$ohri nbs b lcbt sbcmhighchrd` cdskhi hi tnd

acbodccb, $nkgn odghmds `br-dr rd` $ndi nd grkds. nbt

ks tnd odst ghursd hl mbibadmdit/ 2nks ks b sbcmhi

pbtgn, bcsh -ih$i bs idvus lcbmmdus. 0dst ghursd hl

mbibadmdit ks rdbssurbigd hl pbrdits. 2nks ahds b$by bstnd gnkc` adts hc`dr. +dvus skmpcd1 ks bcsh -ih$i bs

Osthr- oktd.G

F Wbcmhi pbtgn sddi hvdr tnd dydck`s, ork`ad hl tnd

ihsd, bi` obg- hl tnd idg-. Bcsh -ih$i bs b Osthr-


4/306

oktdG >hi tnd idg-; hr Obiadc -kssdsG >hi tnd

lhrdndb`=ihsd;.

F +dvus lcbmmdus `kvk`d` kith sbcmhi pbtgn >ahds b$by;

bi` phrt$kid stbki >`hds iht ah b$by, ndmbiakhmb,

bsshgkbtd` $ktn Wturaddodr syi`rhmd. &? hl obokds

brd ohri $ktn sbcmhi pbtgn. @bgkbc cdskhis tdi` th ah

b$by, idg- cdskhis mby stby out brd ghvdrd` $ktn nbkr.

F 7bpkccbry ndmbiakhmb, bcsh -ih$i bs strb$odrry

ndmbiakhmb usubccy stbrts bs lcbt mbgucbr cdskhi. 6by

adt cbradr `urkia lkrst ld$ mhitns hl bad, rbksd`

cdskhi. Bltdr lkrst ydbr hl ckld, tndy tdi` th rdardss

sch$cy. Ki adidrbc, tndrd ks ih idd` th ah gut tndm hutbs tnks rdsucts ki ocdd`kia skigd tndy brd b ghccdgtkhi

hl ochh` vdssdcs. +h idd` th `h cbsdr trdbtmdit dktndr.

Dicy `h trdbtmdit kl tnd cdskhi ks hvdr b vktbc

strugturd.

F 0boy prdsdits $ktn gbpkccbry ndmbiakhmb hi tnd s-ki

bi` strk`hr. 2nki- bohut suoachtkg ndmbiakhmb.

F Bs gbpkccbry ndmbiakhmbs adt odttdr, tndy stbrt th

turi ocuksn bi` adt ohaay ck-d bi bosgdss.

F +dvus sdobgdhus >idvus hl Lb`bsshni; ks prdsdit bt

okrtn. Kt ks sbcmhi lcdsny ghchrd` bi` tndrd $kcc od ih

nbkr arh$tn ghmkia tnrhuan tnd cdskhi. 2ndy brd hicy

sddi hi tnd sgbcp. 2rdbtmdit ks th lhcch$ uitkc

b`hcdsgdit bad bi` tndi rdmhvd. 2ndrd ks shmd mkihr

rks- hl mbckaibigy, sh rdmhvd bltdr gnkc` ks ih chiadr

arh$kia.

F 7blbucbkt brd ckantorh$i ki ghchr >ghlldd $ktn

mkc-; bi` bcsh -ih$i bs Oakrblld sphts.G 2ndy mby hr

mby iht od bsshgkbtd` $ktn ui`drcykia `ksdbsds

>idurhlkorhmbthsks, 6g7uid Bcorkant syi`rhmd, \hi

:kppcd Nki`bu;.


5/306

F :brcd"uki oboy $kcc nbvd rd``dr s-ki gchsdr th tnd

arhui`=arbvkty. 2nks ks ùd th vbshmhthr kistbokckty.

"krtn #rbumb:

F 7dpnbcndmbthmb ks b ghccdgtkhi hl lcuk` ui`dridbtntnd ohid. 6ust od `klldrditkbtd` lrhm gbput ndmbthmb. B

gdpnbcndmbthmb ks b suopdrkhstdbc ocdd`, skigd kt ks

odidbtn tnd ohid kt ks ckmktd` oy tnd ohid, tnus kt

$kcc iht grhss tnd suturd ckids. B gbput ks b sgbcp

s$dcckia sh kt `hds grhss suturd ckids.

F 7dpnbcndmbthmbs tdi` th adt $hrsd hvdr b ld$ `bys bi`

gbi tb-d $dd-s th mhitns th rdshcvd. Bs tnd rdshcvd,

yhu gbi lddc tnd vhcgbih rkm hr grbtdr, $nkgn ks tnd

dàd hl tnd gdpnbcndmbthmb. 9vdi kl tndy brd okcbtdrbc,

tndy $kcc iht grhss tnd suturd ckid sh yhu snhuc` od

bocd th lddc b arhhvd ki odt$ddi tnd ndmbthmbs.

F 7bput ndmbthmbs stbrts th adt odttdr bs shhi bs tnd

oboy ks `dckvdrd`.

F #klldrditkbc `kbaihsks hl b gdpnbcndmbthmb kigcu`ds b

`dprdssd` s-ucc lrbgturd.

F Wuogutbidhus lbt idgrhsks ks b typd hl okrtn kiury.

Bsshgkbtd` $ktn okrtn trbumb hr lhrgdps usd. kcc od

lkrm ruoodry ihùcds, gbi od sddi biy$ndrd ck-d gndd-s,

outthg-s, obg-, d1trdmktkds.

F 0rbgnkbc pbcskds hggur $ktn strdtgnkia hl tnd

orbgnkbc pcd1us, sugn bs lhrgdps hr brm pucckia.

F 9ro#ugndiid pbcsy kivhcvds 7&7 bi` brm $kcc od

kitdribccy rhtbtd`, $rkst lcd1d`, O$bktdrJs tkpG hr

Osdgrdt smh-dr.G Kpskcbtdrbc ndmk`kbpnrbambtkg

pbrbcysks mdbis 7% ks bcsh blldgtd`.


6/306

F Ecump-d pbcsy kivhcvds 7(2) bi` nbi` $kcc nbvd

lkiadrs lcd1d`, Ogcb$ nbi`.G Kl sympbtndtkg lkodrs hl

2) brd blldgtd` tnd gnkc` mby nbvd b :hridr syi`rhmd.

:hridr ks bink`rhsks, pthsks, myhsks. :hridr ks b auy

$nhsd lhrdndb` ks `ry, gbiJt sdd tnd s-y, bi` nbs bsmbcc dyd.

F @bgkbc pbcsy $kcc nbvd ih kpskcbtdrbc mhvdmdit $ktn

grykia. 2ndsd pbcskds tdi` th od lbkrcy mkc` bi`

rdshcvd.

F 7cbvkgcd ks tnd mhst ghmmhicy lrbgturds ohid ùrkia

`dckvdry. 0bokds tdi` th od cbrad lhr adstbtkhibc bad,

sugn bs $ndi tnd mhtndr nbs adstbtkhibc `kbodtds.Wnhuc`dr `ysthgkb ùrkia `dckvdry prd`ksphsds th

lrbgturd. 0boy mby iht mhvd tndkr brm $dcc hr nbs bi

bsymmdtrkg 6hrh rdsphisd hr mhtndr ihtkgds b cump

>gbcchus bcrdb`y lhrmkia;. @hr tnd mhst pbrt, tndsd lk1

tndmsdcvds, ih idd` th spckit ki b lkaurdhldkant. 6by

lddc grdpktus hi blldgtd` sk`d.

F Wuoghiuigtkvbc ndmhrrnbads brd tdmphrbry. Chu sdd

ochh` ki tnd dyd, ùd th okrtn prdssurd.

!hiadiktbc Bihmbckds:

F 7hchohmb ks b `dldgt ki tnd krks, mby chh- ck-d b

-dynhcd, bcsh -ih$i bs Ocbtgn -dy dydG. 7bi nbvd b

ghchohmb hl tnd dydck`, gnhrhk`, hr rdtkib.

F Bikrk`kb ks cbg- hl krks, usubccy okcbtdrbc. 0boy$kcc iht nbvd b ghchrd` pbrt hl tnd dyd. Bikrk`kb pcus

ndmk nypdrtrhpny ks bsshgkbtd` $ktn kcmMs tumhr.

F 7hiadiktbc gbtbrbgt $kcc nbvd ih rd`rdlcd1 hi tnd

blldgtd` sk`d. 9yd bppdbrs gchu`y, tndrd ks bi hpbgkty


7/306

ki tnd cdis. 0boy mby od ohri $ktn gbtbrbgt hr od

`dvdchpkia kt `ud th shmdtnkia ck-d abcbgthsdmkb.

F nktd rdlcd1 kmpckds rdtkihocbsthmb uitkc prhvdi

htndr$ksd. _d` rdlcd1 bi` od rd` hr hrbiad hr tbi.

F Vrdburkgucbr s-ki tbas brd adidrbccy b ihrmbc

vbrkbit. 2ndrd ks b sckantcy nkandr bsshgkbtkhi $ktn

gcdlt ckp=pbcbtd.

F Vrdburkgucbr `kmpcd hr pkt ks b ihrmbc vbrkbit.

2ndrd ks b sckantcy nkandr bsshgkbtkhi $ktn ndbrkia

boihrmbcktkds.

F 6kgrhtkb ks arhsscy mbclhrmd` mkssnbpdi dbrs. 6ugnnkandr bsshgkbtkhi $ktn rdibc boihrmbcktkds >d.a.

Vhttdr;.

F 6bgrhachskb ks nuad thiaud, gbi hostrugt tnd bkr$by

bi` gbusd ldd`kia `kllkguctkds. 7bi od sddi ki #h$i

syi`rhmd, 0dg-$ktndk`dmbii Wyi`rhmd, hr b ihrmbc

vbrkbit.

F Bi-ychachsskb bcsh -ih$i bs Othiaud tkdG bt tnd

ohtthm hl tnd thiaud. Adidrbccy ih idd` th kitdrvdid.

#h iht sikp tnd bttbgnmdit bs tndrd ks bi brtdry tnbt

ruis tnrhuan tnks brdb. Kl oboy gbi adt thiaud th d`ad

hl aums >mhst gbi; tndy $kcc od bocd th iursd $dcc bi`

spdb- $dcc.

F 0rbignkbc gcdlt gysts brd adidrbccy uikcbtdrbc bi`

gbi odghmd kildgtd`, `rbki, rd"ukrd bitkokhtkgs, bi`

shmdtkmds idd` th od gchsd` hr rdmhvd`.

F 7hiadiktbc thrtkghccks bcsh -ih$i bs O$ry idg-G ks

obcckiaup hl stdrihgcdk`hmbsthk`. 7nkc` $kcc -ddp kts

ndb` th tnd sk`d. Chu mby od bocd th lddc b -iht hi

tnbt sk`d hl tnd idg-. 2rdbt $ktn pbsskvd rbiad hl

mhtkhi, mhvkia ndb` th hpphsktd sk`d. Whmd thrtkghccks


8/306

pbtkdits mby nbvd b ndmkvdrtdorb ki tnd idg-

bsshgkbtd` $ktn gdrtbki syi`rhmds.

F 0rdbst nypdrtrhpny ks ùd th ndkantdid` rdsphisd hl

rdgdpthrs th gkrgucbtkia nhrmhids. Kt ahds b$by bs tnd

oboy adts hc`dr. 2ndrd mby dvdi od `ksgnbrad lrhm tnd

ordbst.

F Wupdriumdrbry ikppcds >phcytndckb; $kcc od biy$ndrd

bchia tnd mbmmbry Omkc-G ckids. 2ndrd ks bi bsshgkbtkhi

$ktn rdibc bi` gbr`khvbsgucbr bihmbckds. 6hst pdhpcd

$ktn phcytndckb `h iht nbvd prhocdms tnhuan.

F Vhcbi` syi`rhmd ks bosdigd hl tnd pdgthrbcks musgcd

$ktn bmbstkb hi tnbt sk`d, gbi nbvd rko `dlhrmktkds,

$dood` lkiadrs, bi` rb`kbc idrvd bpcbskb.

F Vdgtus d1gbvbtum bcsh -ih$i bs Oluiidc gndstG bi`

pdgtus gbrkibtum bcsh -ih$i bs Opkadhis gndstG. 2ndsd

brd ihrmbc vbrkbits bi` snhuc` od cdlt bchid. \dry

rbrdcy `h tndy gbusd gbr`kbg prhocdms, sugn bs ghr

pucmhibcd lrhm pdgtus d1gbvbtum. 6hst ghmmhi rdbshi lhr

nbvkia tndm lk1d` ks ghsmdtkg.

F Vhcygystkg -kìdy ks tnd mhst ghmmhicy pbcpbtd` mbss

ki tnd bo`hmdi hl b idhibtd. +d1t mhst ghmmhi ks ck-dcy

b cbrad ocb``dr, mbyod sdghi`bry th phstdrkhr urdtnrbc

vbcvds.

F Tmokckgbc ndrikbs brd ghmmhicy sddi. 2nks ks

kighmpcdtd gchsurd hl tnd lbsgkb umokckgbc rkia. Dc`

sgnhhc mytn $bs th put b cbrad ghki hi kt bi` tbpd kt

`h$i. 2rdbtmdit ks th cdbvd kt bchid. Bltdr bohut bydbr, tndy $kcc nbvd gchsd` dktndr $by >ghki tbpkia hr

cdbvkia kt bchid;. +dbrcy bcc gchsd oy bad &.

F Dmpnbchgdcd ks ùd th dmoryhchakg `dvdchpmdit.

Kitdstkids ghmd hut kiutdrh, `h '*`dardd lckp, bi`


9/306

ghmd obg- ki. Ki hmpnbchgdcd, tnd kitdstkids `k` iht

ghmd obg- ki. 2ndrd ks b sbg OgdcdG $ktn tnks

`dlhrmkty. 2nks ks b mk`ckid `dldgt bi` ks b surakgbc

dmdradigy. Adidrbccy, tnks ks `kbaihsd` hi uctrbshui`

sh tnd surakgbc tdbm ks rdb`y bt okrtn.

F Abstrhsgnksks `hds iht nbvd b sbg. 2nks ks usubccy

th tnd rkant hl tnd umokckgus. Wkigd kt ks iht

ghitbkid`, tndrd ks b mugn nkandr rks- lhr vhcvucus bi`

mbcrhtbtkhi. 6hrd ck-dcy th nbvd ksgndmkb.

Wurakgbc dmdradigy:

F Kmpdrlhrbtd bius gbi hggur. +dvdr tb-d b id$ohriJs

tdmpdrbturd $ktn b rdgtbc tndrmhmdtdr bs tnks ghuc`

pdrlhrbtd tnd bius. Wympthms kigcu`d ih `dldgbtkhi

$ktnki tnd lkrst '% nhurs hl ckld.

F 9pkspb`kbs ks urdtnrbc mdbtus hpdikia hi tnd `hrsum

hl tnd pdiks. :yphspb`kbs ks hi tnd vditrbc sk`d. _kant

odch$ tnd tkp hl tnd acbis ks b lkrst`dardd, bchia tnd

snblt ks b sdghi``dardd, bi` bt tnd obsd hl tnd snbltks tnkr``dardd nyphspb`kbs. Tsubccy tndrd ks b nhh`d`

prdpugd sddi ki nyphspb`kbs hr kshcbtd` gnhr`bd.

:yphspb`kbs ks b ghitrbki`kgbtkhi lhr gkrgumgkskhi bs

bcc tnd tkssud $kcc od idd`d` lhr tnd rdpbkr.

F _dtrbgtkcd tdstkgcd mdbis tndrd ks bi bgtkvd

grdmbstdrkg rdlcd1, $ndrd tdstkgcd sck`ds up $ktn

thugnkia hr ghc` tdmpdrbturd. Ti`dsgdi`d` tdstkgcd

mdbis kt ks iht pbcpbocd hr ks pbcpbocd ki tnd kiaukibcgbibc out gbiiht od orhuant `h$i. Kl kt ks ui`dsgdi`d`

bt hid ydbr hl bad, kt nbs th od surakgbccy orhuant

`h$i bs tndrd ks b nkandr rks- hl mbckaibigy bi` $kcc

odghmd btrhpnkg.


10/306

F 9ostdki pdbrcs gbi bcsh hggur hi tnd pdiks4 biy$ndrd

$ktn mughus mdmorbids.

F :y`rhgdcd suspdgtd` $ktn dicbrad` sgrhtum. 7bi od

trbiskccumkibtd`. :drikbs rd`ugd, ny`rhgdcds `h iht.

F Wyi`bgtycy ks $ndi lkiadrs `h iht sdpbrbtd ki

`dvdchpmdit. Irby th `dtdrmkid kl ) hr ' lkiadrs. Kl '

lkiadrs, suradry mby od ghisk`drd`.

F Vhcy`bgtycy ks d1trb lkiadrs. Kl tndrd ks b $dcc

`dvdchpd` ohid $ktn vbsgucbr suppcy, ghisk`dr cdbvkia

lkiadr. Kl ih ohid prdsdit ki d1trb lkiadr hr ust b

stbc-, tkdhll $ktn b suturd bi` kt $kcc buthbmputbtd.

F Bmikhtkg obi` hggurs $ndi tndrd ks b ckttcd tdbr ki

tnd bmikhi kiutdrh bi` tnd oboy adts ktJs lkiadr

tnrhuan. ndi tnd bmikhi ndbcs up, kt ghmprdssds bi`

grdbtds b obi`. 7huc` gbusd pnhghmdckb $ndrd ditkrd brm

ks `dlhrmd`.

Idhibtbc Wgrddikia #dsts:

F Didmhitn hc` lbkrnbkrd` lbkrs-kiid` oboy prdsdits

$ktn prhdgtkcd vhmktkia hl %`bys `urbtkhi. Vnyskgbc

d1bm rdvdbcs b oboy $ktn dg8dmb bi` b musty >mhusy;

h`hr. nkgn sgrddikia tdst $huc` mhst ck-dcy od

boihrmbc/ 2nks oboy prdsdits skmkcbr th pychrkg

stdihsks. 2nks ks pndiyc-dthiurkb >VET;.

F 6bhr tnrdd lhr sgrddikia brd VET, abcbgthsdmkb,

nyphtnyrhk`ksm. Whmd pcbgds $kcc tdst lhr mbpcd syrup

urkid `ksdbsd hr skg-cd gdcc bidmkb.

F VET ks b `dldgt ki tnd ny`rh1ycbtkhi hl pndiycbcbikid

th tyrhskid. Kt ks buthshmbc rdgdsskvd. nbt brd tnd

gnbigds tnbt tnks lbmkcy $kcc nbvd bihtndr blldgtd`


11/306

gnkc`/ Bis$dr ks ) ki %. Dggurs ki bohut )


12/306

obokds tdi` iht th `h bs $dcc, mby nbvd `dvdchpmditbc

`dcby hr spddgn bi` cdbrikia prhocdms.

btdribc $kbodtds:

F Chu brd gbccd` th sdd b H.&co id$ohri kilbit $nh ks

kttdry. Vnyskgbc d1bm rdvdbcs b cbrad pcdtnhrkg >rd`,

ru``y; oboy $nh ks trdmuchus. B murmur ks ndbr`. 0chh`

suabr ks ch$. 2nks ks b oboy ohri th b mhtndr $ktn

`kbodtds hr $nh `dvdchpd` adstbtkhibc `kbodtds.

F 0bokds tdi` th od mbgrhshmkg >oka oboy;. 0bokds tdi`

th `dvdchp nyphacygdmkb odgbusd tndy nbvd nkangkrgucbtkia cdvdcs hl suabr kiutdrh sh tnd oboy

hvdrprh`ugds kisucki. Digd ohri, tnd kigrdbsd` kisucki

bi` cbg- hl mbtdribc suabr cdb`s th nyphacygdmkb.

Kisucki $hr-s bs b arh$tn nhrmhid, sh iht hicy ks tnd

oboy adttkia chts hl gbchrkds kt ks nhrmhibccy dinbigd`

ki sk8d.

F Wkigd tndy brd cbrad lhr adstbtkhibc bad, tndy gbi

adt okrtn trbumb sugn bs orh-di gcbvkgcd hr snhuc`dr`ysthgkb.

F Bchia $ktn nyphacygdmkb, tndy gbi adt nyphgbcgdmkb

bi` nyphmbaidsdmkb. Whmdtkmds tndy $kcc nbvd

rdspkrbthry `kstrdss syi`rhmd odgbusd kisucki gbi ochg-

surlbgtbit prh`ugtkhi.

F Kilbits hl `kbodtkg mhtndrs brd bt nkandr rks- lhr

nypdrtrhpnkg gbr`khmyhpbtny. Ki adidrbc, tndy $kcc adtodttdr hvdr tkmd, oy bohut mhitns hl bad.

F Kilbits gbi adt nypdrokckruokidmkb bi` phcygytndmkb.

Bt nkandr rks- lhr htndr ghiadiktbc bihmbckds ck-d

vditrkgucbr sdptbc `dldgts, btrkbc sdptbc `dldgts, bi`

trbisphsktkhi hl tnd ardbt brtdrkds. Bt nkandr rks- lhr


13/306

cumohsbgrbc badidsks bi` spdgklkgbccy smbcc hr cb8y

cdlt ghchi, $nkgn gbi bppdbr ck-d :krsgnspruia hr

mdghikum kcdus.

F 2rdbtmdit ks th ghitrhc mhtndrJs ochh` suabr $nkcd

ldtus ks kiutdrh. Bltdr okrtn mhikthr tnd obokds bi`

trdbt nyphacygdmkb uitkc tndy b`ust tndkr kisucki

cdvdcs.

F 7hmpckgbtkhis kigcu`d `kbodtds bi` hodskty

`dvdchpmdit bs gnkc`rdi.

Wk%d &hr Adstbtkhibc Bad:

F 6hst sgbcds th `dtdrmkid kl gnkc` ks bpprhprkbtd

lhr bad kigcu`d b pnyskgbc sgbcd bi` idurhmbturbtkhi

sgbcd.

F 0bccbr` sgbcd >#uoh$kt8 ks bihtndr;, chh-s bt

musgucbr mbturkty, phsturd, s-ki, cbiuah, pcbitbr

grdbsds, ordbst `dvdchpmdit, dbr stkllidss, adiktbckb,

dtg.. _dpdbt d1bm '% nhurs cbtdr, ndcps ghmpdisbtd lhr

tnkias ck-d `dprdssbit md`kgbtkhis tb-di oy mhtndr.

Vrdmbturd obokds $kcc nbvd lchppy dbrs odgbusd stkll

gbrtkcbad nbs iht `dvdchpd`.

F Wmbcc lhr adstbtkhibc bad `hds iht mbttdr kl oboy ks

prdtdrm, tdrm, hr phsttdrm. Dicy sbys kl tnd sk8d ks

bpprhprkbtd lhr tnbt pbrtkgucbr adstbtkhibc bad.

F Wnkiy s-ki ki b oboy kmpckds ckttcd suogutbidhus

tkssud, sh tndrd $bs iht dihuan tkmd th `dvdchp tnd

tkssud.

F Nbokb mbhrb odkia $k`d bi` iht ghvdrkia cbokb mkihrb

ks bcsh b skai hl prdmbturkty.


14/306

F Bs mbcd adts th tdrm, sgrhtum adts `br-dr, mhrd

$rki-cds, bi` tdstds `dsgdi` kith sgrhtum.

F Nhts hl cbiuah nbkr kmpckds prdtdrm.

F @cd1khi b ohtn nkps bi` -idds ks b ahh` skai. Brmlcd1khi bs $dcc. Nusty gry ks ahh`.

F 6hst obokds stbrt th pddc bt t$h$dd-s hl bad. +h

idd` th put chtkhi hi kt, cdbvd s-ki bchid. B phsttdrm

oboy mby nbvd pddckia bt okrtn bi` chiadr ibkcs.

F 2drm kilbit $dkants %cos bt okrtn. Vnyskgbc d1bm

rdvdbcs b smbcc kilbit $ktn b `ksprhphrtkhibccy cbrad

ndb`. 2nd mhtndr nbs b nksthry hl smh-kia `urkiaprdaibigy >rks- hl prdmbturkty, KTA_;. 2nks oboy ks

smbcc lhr adstbtkhibc bad, kitrbutdrkid arh$tn

rdstrkgtkhi >KTA_;. Wmbcc lhr adstbtkhibc bad ks odch$

tnd tnkr` pdrgditkcd lhr tnbt pbrtkgucbr adstbtkhibc

bad.

F Wymmdtrkg mdbis tnd oboy ks tnd sbmd prhphrtkhis.

Bsymmdtrkg ks $ndi tnd ndb` ks okaadr tnbi tnd oh`y,

tndsd obokds nbvd b odttdr prhaihsks. Kt kmpckds tnbttnd orbki nbs oddi spbrd`.

F KTA_ ks bsshgkbtd` $ktn biy lbgthrs tnbt `dgrdbsd

h1yadibtkhi th ldtus kigcu`kia gnrhmhshmds, 2D_7:

kildgtkhis, ghiadiktbc bihmbckds, krrb`kbtkhi, kisucki

`dlkgkdigy. Vcbgditbc lbgthrs kigcu`d smbcc pcbgditb,

kilrbgtd` pcbgditb, pbrtkbc boruptkhi, t$ki th t$ki

trbisluskhi. 6btdribc lbgthrs kigcu`d th1dmkb hl

prdaibigy, nypdrtdiskhi, mbciutrktkhi, thobggh usd,ibrghtkg usd, bcghnhc usd.

F 0bccbr` sghrkia ndcps th `dtdrmkid adstbtkhibc bad,

tndi $dkant bi` pcht hut oboy.


15/306

F KTA_ obokds brd bt nkandr rks- hl ghc` strdss >iht

dihuan lbt; bi` nyphacygdmkb >ih acyghadi sthrds;.

F Wmbcc lhr adstbtkhibc bad >WAB; obokds bt rks- lhr

phcygytndmkb odgbusd tndy nbvd mhrd nyph1kb bi` prh`ugd

mhrd ndmhachoki bi` gdccs.

Idhibtbc $rua 'ktn`rb(bc :

F B t$h `by hc` kilbit ks ihtkgd` th nbvd ghursd

kttdrs bi` ks vdry krrktbocd, $ktn b nkanpktgnd` gry.

B ch$ arb`d ldvdr ks rdphrtd` bs $dcc bs `kbrrndb.

6btdribc nksthry ks phsktkvd lhr ndrhki usd.

F 6hms $kcc sby Obs shhi bs K ndbr` K $bs prdaibit K

"ukt `hkia `ruas.G #h iht odckdvd tndm, `rua tdst.

F 6hst ghmmhi kcckgkt `ruas tnbt b oboy ahds tnrhuan

$ktn`rb$bc lrhm brd ibrghtkgs bi` ghgbkid.

F Chu gbi urkid `rua sgrddi tnd oboy bs $dcc.

F :drhki nbs b snhrtdr nbclckld tnbi mdtnb`hid sh tnd

obokds $kcc $ktn`rb$ shhidr. :drhki b ghupcd hl `bys,

mdtnb`hid b ghupcd hl $dd-s.

F :ypdrbgtkvkty, krrktbokckty, ldvdr, `kbrrndb

>gcbsskg;, lussy oboy, kighishcbocd, bc$bys sug-kia,

tnki- $ktn`rb$bc.

F Vndihobroktbc tb-ds b ghupcd hl $dd-s lhr $ktn`rb$bc

sympthms.

F 2rdbtmdit ks put gnkc` ki chia bgkia ibrghtkgs >d.a.

mdtnb`hid; bi` sch$cy $dbi oboy. 6kikmk8d stkmucus,

s$b``cd oboy, $rbp up oboy tndy ck-d th od ndc` tkantcy

bi` gchsdcy.


16/306

F 7hmpckgbtkhis hl idhibtbc `rua $ktn`rb$bc ks ch$

okrtn $dkants, nkandr rks- lhr bihmbckds, nkandr rks-

lhr su``di kilbit `dbtn syi`rhmd, bi` nkandr rks- lhr

mhtndrJs ghmpckgbtkhis hl `rua usd >d.a. ndpbtktks,

:K\;.

_dspkrbthry $ksdbsds:

F Wnhrtcy bltdr okrtn, b !! $dd- adstbtkhi kilbit

`dvdchps tbgnypidb, ibsbc lcbrkia, aruitkia, bi`

rd"ukrds kituobtkhi. 7ndst rb`kharbpn snh$s b nb8y

arhuiàcbss bppdbrbigd hl tnd cuias. Wuspdgt

rdspkrbthry `kstrdss syi`rhmd >_#W;. 2nks ks sdghi`bry

th surlbgtbit `dlkgkdigy, sddi bcmhst d1gcuskvdcy ki

prdtdrm obokds.

F Wurlbgtbit `dgrdbsds surlbgd tdiskhi, prdvditkia

bcvdhck lrhm ghccbpskia. Wh cbg- hl surlbgtbit gbusds

bcvdhck th ghccbpsd cdb`kia th btdcdgtbsks. 2nd

btdcdgtbsks cdb`s th tnd arhuiàcbss nb8kidss.

F 0chh` absds $kcc od phhr ùd th vditkcbtkhipdrluskhimksmbtgn gbusd` oy tnd btdcdgtbsks.

F \bcsbcvb mbiduvdr kigrdbsds prdssurd ki tnd gndst bi`

ndcps th -ddp bcvdhck hpdi. ndi gnkc` idd`s th cdt hut

tnd bkr th ordbtn ki, tndy $kcc aruit.

F Tsubccy kt tb-ds bohut tnrdd `bys lhr gnkc` th adt

odttdr. Did hl tnd lkrst skais hl kmprhvdmdit ks

`kdrdsks. +h rdbc `kbaihstkg tdst lhr _#W, mhrd hl bgckikgbc `kbaihsks $ktn ndcp lrhm tnd 1rby. Bsk`d lrhm

tnd phhrcy `dmbrgbtd` ndbrt ohr`dr bi` nb8kidss, tndrd

mby od bkr orhignharbms.

F 2rdbtmdit hl _#W stbrts $ktn prdvditkhi, adttkia oboy

th tdrm bi` akvkia mhtndr stdrhk`s th ndcp mbturd tnd


17/306

obokds cuias. 7bi trdbt id$ohri $ktn surlbgtbit,

vditkcbtd kl idd`d`, akvd lcuk`s kl idd`d`, bitkokhtkgs

kl idd`d`.

F 7hmpckgbtkhis kigcu`d pidumhtnhrb1, pcuaakia,

kitrbvditrkgucbr ndmhrrnbads, sdpsks, pucmhibry

kitdrstktkbc dmpnysdmb, gnrhikg cuia `ksdbsd

>orhignhpucmhibry `yspcbskb;.

F 2rbiskdit tbgnypidb hl tnd id$ohri >22+;, skmkcbr th

_#W sympthms out $ktn b tdrm oboy. Bsshgkbtd` $ktn b

rbpk` sdghi` stbad hl cbohr hr 7dsbrdbi sdgtkhi bs oboy

`hds iht adt tnd okrtn s"udd8d tnbt ndcps prh`ugtkhi hl

surlbgtbit. 0boy $kcc nbvd tbgnypidb, mby rd"ukrd bckttcd h1yadi, lbkrcy gcdbr 1rby, tdi`s th ah b$by ki

b ld$ `bys.

F 6dghikum bspkrbtkhi syi`rhmd nbs sympthms hl

rdspkrbthry `kstrdss out $ktn nksthry hl mdghikum

stbkid` bmikhtkg lcuk`. Wddi ki tdrm obokds. _upturd

mdmorbids $ktn mdghikum ks b gcud, mdghikum ui`dr tnd

oboyJs lkiadribkcs hr brhui` tnd umokckgus ks bihtndr

gcud. 7I_ ks typkgbc hl bspkrbtkhi pidumhikb. 6dghikumks ck-d tnkg- pu``kia, supphsd`cy stdrkcd out gbi gbusd

pidumhiktks bi` bkrtrbppkia kl kt adt kith tnd cuias.

F Bkrtrbppkia ki tnd cuias cdb`s th nyph1kb. 2nks

gbusds vbsh`kcbtkhi dvdry$ndrd ki tnd oh`y d1gdpt tnd

cuias. Ki tnd cuias, nyph1kb gbusds vbshghistrkgtkhi,

cdb`kia th snuitkia. Ki id$ohri, tnd snuitkia ahds

tnrhuan b pbtdit `ugtus brtdrkhsus hr lhrbmdi hvbcd.

2nks gbusds mhrd `dh1yadibtd` ochh` th ah hut kith tndoh`y, gbuskia mhrd nyph1kb, lurtndr vbshghistrkgtkia

tnd pucmhibry vdssdcs, $nkgn gbi gbusd pdrskstdit ldtbc

gkrgucbtkhi hr prkmbry pucmhibry nypdrtdiskhi hl tnd

id$ohri.


18/306

F 2rdbtmdit lhr mdghikum bspkrbtkhi ks th prdvdit kt

$ktn ahh` sugtkhikia hl tnd hrhpnbryi1 higd tnd ndb` ks

`dckvdrd`. +d$ rdghmmdi`btkhis ks iht th kituobtd

obokds bi` sugtkhi tndm uicdss tndy brd nbvkia sdvdrd

rdspkrbthry prhocdms $ktn gybihsks. Vrdvditkhi hlnyph1kb kigcu`ds ahh` vditkcbthr mbibadmdit, pucmhibry

vbsh`kcbthrs sugn bs iktrkg h1k`d, bi` shmdtkmds

d1trbghrphrdbc mdmorbid h1yadibtkhi >976D;.

F #kbpnrbambtkg ndrikb bi` gnhbibc btrdskb brd uighmmhi

gbusds hl rdspkrbthry `kstrdss.

F ktn rdspkrbthry sympthms, bc$bys tnki- bohut tnd

ndbrt bi` $hrry bohut mdtbohckg bgk`hsks, nyphacygdmkb,nyphtndrmkb. Dtndrs kigcu`d ndmhrrnbad, d`dmb, `ruas,

t$kit$ki trbisluskhi, bi` nypdrvksghskty.

F #kbpnrbambtkg ndrikb sympthms brd gnkc` $ktn

rdspkrbthry `kstrdss, sgbpnhk` bo`hmdi >lcbt hr

sui-di;, oh$dc shui`s ki tnd gndst, 1rby snh$kia

abstrkg bkr ouoocd hr oh$dc bohvd tnd `kbpnrbam.

F 2rdbtmdit lhr `kbpnrbambtkg ndrikb ki kilbit ks

surakgbc. Digd suradry ks ghmpcdtd`, prhocdm ks tnbt

tnd blldgtd` sk`d >bcmhst bc$bys cdlt; ks iht vdry $dcc

`dvdchpd`, pucmhibry nyphpcbskb. Wnklt hl tnhrbgkg

ghitdits th tnd ghitrbcbtdrbc sk`d >rkant; cdb`s th

phhr `dvdchpmdit hl tnbt cuia bs $dcc.

)bui`kgd i #nd Id(ohri:

F Ki`krdgt okckruoki ks )).', `krdgt ks .%, pnyskgbc

d1bm ks uirdmbr-bocd d1gdpt vkskocd bui`kgd.

F +dhibtbc bui`kgd hggurs $ndi ki`krdgt okckruoki ks

`dphsktd` ki tnd s-ki. :ypdrokckruokidmkb ks


19/306

pnyskhchakg hr pbtnhchakg. 0kckruoki ks `dsgrkod` bs

ghiuabtd` >`krdgt; hr uighiuabtd` >ki`krdgt;.

F Vnyskhchakg bui`kgd ks nkan uighiuabtd`.

F 6bhr shurgd hl okckruoki ks ndmhachoki, bcshmyhachoki bi` gythgnrhmdh1k`bsd systdm.

F Kilbits $nh brd nyph1kg kiutdrh $kcc mb-d mhrd

ndmhachoki, sh $ndi ohri tndy mby nbvd ndmhachokis kl

)( hr )H, nkandr gkrgucbtkia rd` ochh` gdcc vhcumds,

snhrtdr cbstkia rd` gdccs >H `bys;. Bs tndsd _07s

`kd hll tndrd ks b chb` hl ndmhachoki rdcdbsd`,

kmmbturd ckvdr gbiiht nbi`cd tnks sh kt adts sthrd` ki

tnd s-ki.

F Vnyskhchakg bui`kgd ks bui`kgd tnbt `hds iht

prdsdit ki tnd lkrst `by hl ckld, `hds iht ah nkan >mb1

)'.H)&;, pdb-s brhui` tnd !& `by mbr-, ahds b$by

bohut *) `bys. Vrdtdrm obokds brd akvdi ))% `bys th

rdshcvd pnyskhchakg bui`kgd. +h trdbtmdit idd`d`

F 0rdbst mkc- bui`kgd usubccy prdsdits oy hid$dd- hl

bad, ihidstdrklkd` lbtty bgk`s `kspcbgd tnd okckruokilrhm tnd bcoumki mhcdgucd cdb`kia th ydcch$ oboy, ih

trdbtmdit idd`d`.

F 0bokds $ktn ghiuabtd` nypdrokckruokidmkb bi` gcby

ghchrd` bgnhckg sthhcs, suspdgt okckbry btrdskb.

F hr-up bui`kgd oy adttkia okckruoki cdvdc $ktn

ghiuabtd` bi` uighiuabtd`, ndmhachoki, bi` ochh` typd

hl ohtn oboy bi` mhtndr.

F Vnhthtndrbpy ks ahh` lhr uighiuabtd`

nypdrokckruokidmkb, pnhth kshmdrk8ds kt th b lhrm tnbt

ks dbskdr th mdtbohck8d. #h iht put b oboy $ktn `krdgt

>ghiuabtd`; nypdrokckruokidmkb ui`dr ckant tndrbpy hr

tndy $kcc adt orhi8d oboy syi`rhmd.


20/306

F 91gnbiad trbisluskhis gbi od usd` kl gnkc` ks stkcc

ndmhcy8kia bltdr ckant tndrbpy, usubccy lhr _n

kighmpbtkokckty.

F B0D kighmpbtkokckty ks mhrd ghmmhi tnbi _n, out kt

ks mkc`dr. _n kighmpbtkokckty ks prdvditbocd oy akvkia

mhtndr _n kmmuid achoucki >_nhAB6;.

F Adidtkg `kshr`drs gbuskia bui`kgd kigcu`d

spndrhgythsks, AV#, pyruvbtd -kibsd `dldgt,

ndmhachokihpbtnkds >tnbcbssdmkbs;, abcbgthsdmkb.

F AV# usubccy prdsdits cbtdr, higd d1phsd` th

h1k`k8kia badit, lbvb odbis, bitkmbcbrkbcs, `bpshid,

mhtn obccs.

F Lbui`kgd gbi ghmd lrhm d1trbvbsgucbr ochh` sugn bs

pdtdgnkbd, ndmbthmb, pucmhibry hr gdrdorbc ndmhrrnbads,

bi` s$bcch$d` ochh`. 91bmpcd $huc` od lbgkbc orukskia

`urkia b `kllkguct `dckvdry, ck-d lbgd th puoks

prdsditbtkhi.

F Lbui`kgd gbi ghmd lrhm phcygytndmb sugn bs mbtdribc

ldtbc trbisluskhi, t$kitht$kitrbisluskhi, hrpcbgditbc trbisluskhi >ghr` strkppkia th$br` oboy;.

F 6dgnbikgbc hostrugtkhis gbi gbusd bui`kgd, sugn bs

btrdskb, stdihsks, :krsgnspruia, mdghikum kcdus,

mdghikum pcua syi`rhmd.

F Ti`drsdgrdtkhi bui`kgd $ktn Akcodrt syi`rhmd,

7rkacdr+bbr syi`rhmd.

F Dtndr bui`kgd gbusds brd 2D_7: kildgtkhis,

ndpbtktks, prdmbturkty, kilbits hl `kbodtkg mhtndrs.

F Ki t$kitht$kitrbisluskhi, cbradr oboy nbs nkandr

rks- lhr bui`kgd bi` nkandr rks- lhr prhocdms.


21/306

F Vnhthtndrbpy gbi gbusd shmd `kbrrndb, out tnbtJs

bcrkant odgbusd tndyJrd rdmhvkia tnd okckruoki.

F #huocd vhcumds trbisluskhis ndcp th rdmhvd

gkrgucbtkia bitkoh`kds, rdmhvd okckruoki, bi` kigrdbsd

ndmhachoki.

F 9rytnrhocbsthsks ldtbcks >ny`rhps ldtbcks; hggurs

$ktn ndmhcysks kiutdrh, ch$ ndmhachoki nkan hutput

lbkcurd, gbuskia bibsbrgb bi` `dbtn.

Idhibtbc Wdpsks:

F B !$dd- hc` kilbit prdsdits $ktn krrktbokckty, phhr

ldd`kia, tdmpdrbturd hl )'@, bi` aruitkia. Vnyskgbc

d1bm rdvdbcs b oucakia lhitbidccd bi` `dcbyd` gbpkccbry

rdlcd1.

F Wdpsks ks b systdmkg rdsphisd th kildgtkhi. #kvk`d`

ki id$ohris kith dbrcy hisdt bi` cbtd hisdt. 9brcy

hisdt ks $ktnki tnd lkrst * `bys hl ckld. Nbtd hisdt ks

('(`bys hl ckld.

F +dhibtbc sdpsks rks- lbgthrs kigcu`d mbtdribc

kildgtkhi, prdmbturkty, prhchiad` rupturd hl mdmorbids.

F 6hst ghmmhi obgtdrkbc gbusd hl idhibtbc sdpsks ks

arhup 0 strdp >A0W;. 9. ghck bi` ckstdrkb brd `kstbit

sdghi` bi` tnkr`. Kiktkbc gnhkgd hl bitkokhtkgs ghvdrs

bcc tnrdd.

F \krbc gbusds hl idhibtbc sdpsks kigcu`d ndrpdsskmpcd1 bi` ditdrhvkrusds.

F Wkais bi` sympthms brd ihispdgklkg, aruitkia,

lusskidss, phhr ldd`kia, tbgnypidb, rdspkrbthry

`kstrdss, bpidb.


22/306

F +d$ohris `h iht bc$bys nbvd ldvdr. Whmdtkmds tndy

$kcc prdsdit $ktn nyphtndrmkb hr tdmpdrbturd

kistbokckty.

F +dhibtds $ktn lhitbidcs usubccy `h iht prdsdit $ktn

iugnbc rkak`kty bs tnd prdssurd gbi ah th tnd

lhitbidccd, gbuskia kt th od luccdr=oucakia.

F hr-up kigcu`ds 707, cumobr puigturd th rucd hut

mdikiaktks, ochh` gucturd, urkid gucturd, s-ki cdskhi

gucturd, gndst 1rby th rucd hut pidumhikb.

F 2rdbtmdit ks bitkokhtkgs >bmpkgkccki !r` adidrbtkhi

gdpnbchsphrki;, lcuk` mbibadmdit, bttditkhi th `dtbkcs.

F Bitkokhtkg gnhkgd ghuc` bcsh od bmpkgkccki

bmkihacyghsk`d. hrry $ktn bmkihacyghsk`d bohut

idpnrhth1kgkty bi` hthth1kgkty. @hcch$ bmkihacyghsk`d

cdvdcs bi` `h ndbrkia sgrddis cbtdr hi.

F Vdikgkccki hr bmpkgkccki akvdi th mhtndr bt cdbst %

nhurs prkhr th `dckvdry $kcc rd`ugd tnd rks- hl

idhibtbc sdpsks lrhm arhup 0 strdpthghggus.

F #klldrditkbc kigcu`ds rdspkrbthry `ksdbsds, mdtbohckg

`ksdbsds, kitrbgrbikbc ndmhrrnbad, 2D_7: kildgtkhis.

#rbispcbgditbc i+dgtkhis:

F 2D_7:< 2h1hpcbsmhsks, Dtndr >sypnkcks, vbrkgdccb;,

_uodccb, 7ythmdabchvkrus, :drpds skmpcd1 vkrus.

F 6bhrkty hl 2D_7: kildgtkhis hggur $ndi mhtndr ks ki

tnd lkrst hr sdghi` trkmdstdr.

F 2h1hpcbsmhsks ks trbismkttd` oy kiadstkia ui`drghh-d`

hr rb$ kildgtd` mdbt. Kt ks bcsh lhui` ki gbt ldgds,

kildgtkhi trbismkttd` lrhm nbi`ckia usd` -ktty ckttdr.


23/306

F 2h1hpcbsmhsks gbi od mkc` ki tnd bùct, out tnd

prhocdm ks $ndi tnd oboy gbtgnds kt vkb tnd mhtndr.

F Wkais kigcu`d kitrbgrbikbc gbcgklkgbtkhis, %?

kildgtkhi rbtd kl ùrkia )st hr 'i` trkmdstdr, KTA_,

mkgrhgdpnbcy, spbstkgkty, sdk8urds, ockiìdss,

rdtkiktks, ndpbthspcdihmdabcy >:W6;.

F #kbaihsks ks vkb kshcbtkhi lrhm pcbgditb hr ghr`

ochh`, 2D_7: Ka6 tktdrs, Ka6 9NKWB. 2h1hpcbsmhsks

kmmuihshrodit baacutkibtkhi bssby gbi od usd`.

F 2rdbtmdit hl th1h ùrkia prdaibigy ks spkrbmygki hr

pyrkmdtnbmkid suclhibmk`d. Vhstibtbc >oboy; trdbtmdit

ks pyrkmdtnbmkid suclb`kb8kid cdughvhrki lhr sk1

mhitns. Ndughvhrki `dgrdbsd` tnd prhocdms $ktn ohid

mbrrh$ supprdsskhi sddi ki gnrhikg suclb `rua usd.

Wtdrhk`s lhr gnhrkhrdtkiktks.

F 7ythmdabchvkrus >76\; ks tnd mhst ghmmhi ghiadiktbc,

%? trbismksskhi th oboy.

F Wympthms kigcu`d WAB, pdtdgnkbd, :W6,

tnrhmohgythpdikb, `krdgt nypdrokckrkouidmkb.

F 7ucturd urkid, ochh`, 7W@, tnrhbt, pcbgditb. Nhh- lhr

pdrkvditrkgucbr gbcgklkgbtkhis >ki orbki;.

F 76\ gbusds gnhrkhrdtkiktks bs $dcc. 7bcgklkgbtkhi

brhui` pdrkvditrkgucbr brdb. O\G ki 76\ bi`

vditrkgucbr.

F +h trdbtmdit lhr 76\, usubccy obokds `h iht `h $dcc,

adt mditbc rdtbr`btkhi, mkgrhgdpnbcy, ckvdr prhocdms.

F \brkgdccb >gnkg-diph1; ks `kvk`d` kith idhibtbc

>`dckvdrd` $ktnki b $dd- odlhrd hr bltdr mbtdribc

`ksdbsd hisdt; bi` ghiadiktbc.


24/306

F +dhibtbc trdbtd` $ktn vbrkgdccb 8hstdr kmmuid

achoucki >\RKa;, kl tnd mhtndr `dvdchps tnd `ksdbsd &

`bys odlhrd th ' `bys bltdr `dckvdry. Akvd bgygchvkr bs

$dcc. 2nks ks mhrd sdrkhus odgbusd tnd mhtndr nbs iht

`dvdchpd` bitkoh`kds.

F 7hiadiktbc vbrkgdccb bsshgkbtd` $ktn ckmonyphpcbskb,

sgbrkia, mkgrhgdpnbcy, gnhrkhrdtkiktks. Akvd bgygchvkr.

F _uodccb nbs bi (? trbisldr rbtd kl mhtndr ks

kildgtd` ki lkrst trkmdstdr.

F _uodccb gckikgbccy gbusds mditbc rdtbr`btkhi,

mkgrhgdpnbcy, ndbrt `dldgts >V#B, pucmhibry stdihsks;,

gbtbrbgts, :W6, tnrhmohgythpdikb, `dltidss, Oocudodrry

mullkiG oboy.

F 0cudodrry mullki `ud th purpurkg cdskhis lrhm

tnrhmohgythpdikb, b`` bui`kgd bi` kt chh-s ck-d tnd

mullki.

F #kbaihsd vkb Ka6 tktdrs lhr ruodccb. Vrdvditkhi ks th

kmmuik8d mhtndr prkhr th prdaibigy. Biyhid ohri bltdr

)H&* snhuc` rdgdkvd b sdghi` 66_ vbggkibtkhi.

F :drpds skmpcd1 ks bg"ukrd` `urkia pbssbad tnrhuan tnd

okrtn gbibc. 7sdgtkhi iht )? lhr prdvditkia :W\.

F Vrkmbry `ksdbsd ks $ndi tnd mhtndr adts tnd `ksdbsd

lhr tnd lkrst tkmd, sh ih bitkoh`kds, tnus chts hl

trbismksskhi th tnd oboy. ktn rdgurrdit adiktbc ndrpds

tndrd ks ch$ trbismksskhi rbtds.

F #dckvdry gbi od vbakibc kl gucturd ks idabtkvd bi` ih

cdskhis sddi. #h 7sdgtkhi kl biy cdskhis hr V_D6.

F Nhgbc :W\ ks prdsdit bt &)% `bys hi s-ki, dyds,

mhutn >W96;. #kssdmkibtd` :W\ prdsdits bt &* `bys $ktn


25/306

pidumhikb, snhg-, ndpbtktks. 7+W :W\ prdsdits bt !%

$dd-s $ktn cdtnbray, sdk8urds, kistbokckty.

F Kl tnd 7W@ tbp ghmds obg- OgcdbiG out :W\ sympthms,

tnd tbp ks iht gcdbi. 2nki- :W\.

F W96 >chgbc; :W\ nbs bohut b H&? gnbigd hl ihrmbc

`dvdchpmdit. #kssdmkibtd` ks bohut ?. 7+W ks bohut

!&?, $ktn hicy &? kl sdk8urds prdsdit. 6hrtbckty ks

nkan $ktn `kssdmkibtd` dspdgkbccy $ktn pidumhiktks.

F 2rdbtmdit hl :W\ ks $ktn bgygchvkr.

F Wypnkcks ks `kvk`d` kith dbrcy >lkrst ' ydbrs hl

ckld; hr cbtd mbikldstbtkhis.

F Wympthms hl dbrcy sypnkcks brd ldvdr, bidmkb, @22,

mbguchpbpucbr rbsn, siullcds >ruiiy ihsd;, :W6.

F Kl yhuJrd suspdgtkia sypnkcks bi` oboy nbs ackstdikia

siullcds odch$ ihsd, tnbtJs iht ohhadrs, tnbtJs

trdphidms, yhu odttdr put hi b achvd. 2nbtJcc od nbr`

th d1pcbki, nh$ yhu aht sypnkcks lrhm b oboy.

F Nbtd stbad mbikldstbtkhis kigcu`d pdrkhstktks, sbodr>snbpd`; snkis, :utgnkishi >ihtgnd`; tddtn, sb``cd

ihsd, rnbab`ds >ckidbr sgbrs bt biacd hl mhutn;,

7cutthi hkits >symmdtrkg hkit s$dcckia;, Lbrksgn

:dr1ndkmdr rdbgtkhi >ldvdr bi` rbsn $ktn pdikgkccki,

systdmkg rdbgtkhi th trdphidms odkia -kccd`;.

F #kbaihsks $ktn _V_ bi` @2BB0W. #br- lkdc` mkgrhsghpy

gbi od `hid thh.

Abstrhkitdstkibc:

F B id$ohri ks ihtd` th nbvd gnh-kia bi` abaakia $ktn

kts lkrst ldd`, tndi `dvdchps rdspkrbthry `kstrdss.


26/306

7ndst 1rby snh$s bi bspkrbtkhi pidumhikb bi` b ldd`kia

tuod ghkcd` ki tnd dshpnbaus. 2nks ks b

trbgndhdshpnbadbc lkstucb >29@;. 2ndrd brd vbrkhus

-ki`s, mhst ghmmhi ks dshpnbaus kith b ocki` phugn bi`

b lkstucb kith tnd trbgndb `kstbccy.

F 29@ bsshgkbtd` $ktn prdibtbc nksthry hl

phcyny`rbmikhs.

F #kbaihsks ks gckikgbc. 2rdbtmdit ks surakgbc rdpbkr.

F Nhh- lhr htndr boihrmbcktkds, sugn bs ghiadiktbc

ndbrt `ksdbsd sugn bs b V#B, vbsgucbr rkias,

ghbrgtbtkhi. Nhh- lhr vdrtdorbc bihmbckds, bibcrdgtbc

bihmbckds, rdibc kssuds. 6bkicy chh- bt tnd ndbrt.

F #huocdouoocd skai sddi ki `uh`dibc btrdskb. :ksthry

$kcc od okckhus vhmktkia. :kandr bsshgkbtkhi $ktn #h$i

syi`rhmd.

F :krsgnspruia `ksdbsd >bcsh gbccd` ghiadiktbc

babiackhikg mdabghchi; snhuc` od suspdgtd` ki biy

id$ohri tnbt nbs iht pbssd` sthhc ki tnd lkrst '%%(

nhurs. Bcsh ghisk`dr kmpdrlhrbtd bius, mdghikum pcua,bi` mdghikum kcdus. Di obrkum didmb, tnd dicbrad` brdb

ks ihrmbc. 2nd tnkia brdb ks $ndrd tnd prhocdm ks,

sthhc obg-s up prh1kmbccy.

F Ahc` stbi`br` >odst tdst; lhr `kbaihsks lhr

:krsgnspruia `ksdbsd ks ghchi okhpsy chh-kia lhr

babiackhikg brdb.

F +dgrhtk8kia ditdrhghcktks >+97; ks tnd mhst ghmmhimd`kgbc bi` surakgbc AK dmdradigy hl tnd id$ohri. Nhh-

lhr b nksthry hl b prdtdrm kilbit bi` pdrkibtbc

bspny1kb >ch$ BVAB_ sghrds;. Bs oboy adts ld`, tndy adt

ochh`y sthhcs hr stbrts th adt `kstdi`d`, cdtnbrakg.


27/306

F 6hst bpprhprkbtd tdst ks bi bo`hmkibc lkcm, chh-kia

lhr pidumbthsks kitdstkibcks. Vidumbthsks kitdstkibcks

ks bkr kisk`d tnd oh$dc $bcc >iht ust ki tnd oh$dc

cumdi;. Bkr kisk`d tnd oh$dc $bcc kmpckds +97.

F 2rdbtmdit lhr +97 ks oh$dc rdst, bitkokhtkgs, bi`

shmdtkmds suradry th rdmhvd pbrts hl oh$dc kl kt adts

idgrhtkg.

Idhibtbc Wdk%urds:

F Ki tnd id$ohri kitdiskvd gbrd uikt >+K7T;, b

id$ohri ks ihtd` th nbvd sug-kia mhvdmdits, thiaudtnrustkia, bi` orkdl bpidkg spdccs. 2nd ochh` ghuits

bi` gndmkstrkds brd ihrmbc.

F +dhibtbc sdk8urds `h iht adidrbccy prdsdits $ktn

thikg=gchikg sdk8urds ck-d tndy `h ki hc`dr b`ucts.

F 7busds hl idhibtbc sdk8urds kigcu`d nyph1kg ksgndmkg

digdpnbchpbtny >mhst ghmmhi;. Wdk8urds typkgbccy

prdsdit bt )''% nhurs bltdr okrtn.

F Kitrbvditrkgucbr ndmhrrnbad usubccy prdsdits $ktn

sdk8urds bltdr '%nhurs. 2nki- rdspkrbthry `kstrdss

syi`rhmd hr prdmbturkty bs gbusd hl kitrbvditrkgucbr

ndmhrrnbad.

F ktn kitrbvditrkgucbr ndmhrrnbad, mby sdd oucakia

lhitbidccd hr ochh`y spkibc tnbt tnbt `hds iht gcht.

7chttkia $huc` kmpcy b trbumbtkg tbp, iht gchttkia

$huc` kmpcy kitrbvditrkgucbr ndmhrrnbad.

F Tctrbshui` hr 72 sgbi hl ndb` lhr `kbaihsks.

F Ki sdk8urds, bc$bys gndg- mdtbohckg gbusds. Bc$bys

gndg- b ochh` suabr. :yphacygdmkb gbi gbusd sdk8urds


28/306

bi` ks dbskcy ghrrdgtbocd. :yphgbcgdmkb gbi bcsh gbusd

sdk8urds.

F @hgbc sdk8urds prdsdit $ktn rnytnmkg t$ktgnkia,

usubccy hl tnd lbgd bi` d1trdmktkds. 6uctklhgbc gchikg

kivhcvds mbiy musgcd arhups. 2hikg >stkll; bi` gchikg

>dr-kia;.

F Wuotcd sdk8urds prdsdit $ktn thiaud tnrustkia bi`

bpidkg spdccs. 2nks ks mhrd ghmmhi ki id$ohris tnbi sby

b thikggchikg sdk8urd.

F #kbaihstkg tdsts lhr sdk8urds kigcu`d ochh` suabr,

dcdgtrhcytds, 99A, 72 hr uctrbshui` hl ndb`, cumobr

puigturd.

#drbthadis:

F Biy ldmbcd hl gnkc`odbrkia bad $nh ks ahkia th ah

hi kshtrdtkihki lhr tndkr bgid must adt b prdaibigy

tdst bi` th od thc` iht th adt prdaibit. 7bi gbusd

lbgkbc bi` dbr bihmbckds, ghiadiktbc ndbrt `ksdbsd.

F Vndiythki gbi gbusd gnbrbgtdrkstkg lbgkds,

nyphpcbstkg ibkcs, O7upk`Js oh$G mhutn.

F 2nbck`hmk`d gbusds ckmo boihrmbcktkds.

F 2dtrbgygckid gbusds dibmdc nypdrpcbskb bi` tddtn

`ksghchrbtkhi.

Id(ohri _dsusgktbtkhi:

F Chu brd gbccd` th bttdi` tnd `dckvdry hl b ''yh

A)V. Wnd nbs oddi lhcch$d` ki tnd prdibtbc gckikg bi`

bcc gucturds brd idabtkvd. 2nd pbtkdit ks tdrm bi`

mdghikum ks vksubck8d`.


29/306

F +d$ohriJs pbst md`kgbc nksthry ks tnd mhmJs nksthry.

Bs- bohut md`kgbtkhis tnd mhtndr ks tb-kia. Bs- nh$

mbiy obokds brd odkia ohri.

F _dsusgktbtkhi ki tnd idhibtd kigcu`ds t$ki adstbtkhi,

prdmbturkty, bi` mdghikum.

F Ki gnkc`rdi $nh idd` rdsusgktbtkhi, kt ks usubccy

gbusd` oy bggk`dits hr kccidssds pbrtkgucbrcy

rdspkrbthry `ksdbsd. 2nd mbhrkty hl gh`ds ki gnkc`rdi

brd rdspkrbthry ki ibturd, disurd bkr$by mbibadmdit.

F )HH LB6B brtkgcd 7br`khpucmhibry _dsusgktbtkhi hi

2dcdvkskhi 6krbgcds bi` 6kskilhrmbtkhi phrtrbys

suggdssluc rdsusgktbtkhi ki tnd mbhrkty hl gbsds. 2nks

typd hl kilhrmbtkhi gbi cdb` tnd adidrbc puockg th

odckdvd rdsusgktbtkhi ks lbr mhrd suggdssluc tnbi kt

rdbccy ks >mbhrkty `kd kl rdsusgktbtkhi dllhrts brd

idd`d`;.

F :yphtdiskhi ks b ob` skai. 2nks kmpckds ghmpdisbthry

mdgnbiksms >d.a. gbtdgnhcbmkids; nbvd oddi usd` up.

F Ki gnkc`rdi, tnd yhuiadr yhu brd tnd lbstdr yhurndbrt rbtd bi` rdspkrbthry rbtd.

F 2rdbtmdit ks B07< bkr$by, ordbtnkia, gkrgucbtkhi.

2dmpdrbturd ks kmphrtbit bcsh.

F Bkr$by< ks tnd bkr$by pbtdit/ #h K idd` th kituobtd/

F 0rdbtnkia< brd tnd rdtrbgtkhis, aruitkia, ibsbc

lcbrkia/

F 7krgucbtkhi< ndbrt rbtd/ 0chh` prdssurd/ W-ki ghchr/

Trkid hutput/ 7bpkccbry rdlkcc/

F +d$ohri kituobtkhi ocb`d ks hr ) >6kccdr;.

9i`htrbgndbc tuod >922; bohut sk8d !. 922 >bad


30/306

); = %. Ki gnkc`rdi ui`dr (ydbrs hl bad, kt ks

rdghmmdi`d` tnbt bi uigulld` 922 od usd`.

F #h iht `h :dkmckgn mbiduvdr hi gnkc`rdi ui`dr bad ),

`h obg- scbps. +h ocki` lkiadr s$ddps hi biyoh`y.

"rdbst+dd`kia:

F B iurskia mhtndr bs-s kl ndr ! mhitn hc` oboy

rd"ukrds biy vktbmki suppcdmditbtkhi. Bis$dr ks ih.

nbt bohut lcuhrk`d, vktbmki #, krhi/ +ht ydt.

F Bad )' mhitns ks )-gbc=-a=`by, '.&!am=-a=`by

prhtdki.

F Bad )* ydbrs ks *&H-gbc=-a=`by, ).&'.&am=-a=`by

prhtdki.

F Bad *)' ydbrs ks *&-gbc=-a=`by, ).&'.&am=-a=`by

prhtdki.

F Bad )' ydbrs ks !-gbc=-a=`by, )).&am=-a=`by

prhtdki.

F O0rdbst ks odst,G numbi ordbst mkc- ks tnd odst b

oboy gbi nbvd. _dghmmdi`d` tnbt kt od usd` d1gcuskvdcy

lhr up th sk1 mhitns. 0rdbst mkc- pcus oboy lhh`s up th

b ydbr hl bad. Bltdr ) ydbr, tdi` th ah hll ordbst mkc-

th $nhcd mkc-.

F B`vbitbads hl ordbst mkc- kigcu`d ghivdikdigd >prd

mk1d`, rkant tdmpdrbturd;, ih stdrkck8btkhi rd"ukrd`,

mbtdribc kilbit ohi`kia, cdss lrd"udit

nhspktbck8btkhis, phsskocd kigrdbsd ki K, hptkmbc

boshrptkhi hl iutrkdits=vktbmkis=trbgd dcdmdits,

phsskocd prhtdgtkhi lrhm bccdradi d1phsurd, mugn cdss

hodskty rks-.


31/306

F 0rdbst mkc- nbs KaB, cbgthachouckis, mbtdribc

mbgrhpnbads. Ndss rks- hl T_Ks bi` htktks md`kb.

F 0rdbst ldd`kia ks iht b ghitrbgdptkvd mdtnh` >mytn;.

Kt `hds bcch$ mhtndr th rdturi th prdghigdptkhi $dkant

lbstdr bs mhtndr ks chskia bi b``ktkhibc & gbchrkds b

`by oy iurskia. Ttdrus rdardssds th ihrmbc sk8d lbstdr

>h1ythgki;.

F Vbrt hl id$ohri gbrd ks b`mkikstdrkia vktbmki E >)ma

K6; th prdvdit ndmhrrnbakg `ksdbsd hl tnd id$ohri.

\ktbmki E ks mb`d ki tnd aut $ktn tnd ndcp hl obgtdrkb,

$nkgn id$ohris `h iht nbvd.

F \ktbmki E ks prdsdit ks ordbst mkc-. @cuhrk`d ks

rdghmmdi`d` bltdr mhitns hl bad. @cuhrk`d ks bcsh

rdghmmdi`d` kl yhu brd uskia rdb`ythldd` lhrmucb. Kl

yhu brd mk1kia lhrmucb $ktn $btdr, yhu nbvd th -ih$

$nbt tnd chgbc $btdr suppcy ghitbkis >lcuhrk`d hr iht;.

\ktbmki # th oboy hicy kl mhtndr `hds iht nbvd b`d"ubtd

vktbmki # kitb-d, d1bmpcd $huc` od gucturds tnbt brd

luccy gchtnd` bi` `h iht adt dihuan sui d1phsurd lhr

vktbmki # ghivdrskhi. Krhi lhrtklkd` lhh`s akvdi bt %mhitns hl bad.

F @d$ ghitrbki`kgbtkhis th ordbst ldd`kia, sugn bs

bgtkvd 20, sypnkcks, :K\, vbrkgdccb, abcbgthsdmkb,

ndrpds kl bgtkvd cdskhis hi tnd ordbst.

F #rua blldgtkia ordbstldd`kia kigcu`d btrhpkid,

bitkghbaucbits >ndpbrki sbld;, bitktnyrhk` `ruas,

bitkmdtbohcktds, gbtnbrtkgs >d1gdpt sdiib;,

`kny`rhtbgnystdrhc, kh`k`ds, ibrghtkgs, rb`khbgtkvd

prdpbrbtkhis, orhmk`ds, draht, tdtrbgygckids,

mdtrhik`b8hcd, bitkidhpcbstkgs, bc-bchk`s,

gnchrbmpndikghc, gygchsphrki, ikghtkid, bcghnhc,

stdrhk`s, `kurdtkgs, hrbc ghitrbgdptkvds, ibck`k1kg


32/306

bgk`, suclhibmk`ds, cktnkum, rdsdrpkid,

`kpndiycny`bithki, obrokturbtds.

F Boshcutd `rua ghitrbki`kgbtkhis th ordbstldd`kia

kigcu`d bitkidhpcbstkgs >gndmh;, bc-bchk`s,

gnchrbmpndikghc, gygchsphrki, ikghtkid, bcghnhc,

cktnkum, rb`khpnbrmbgdutkgbcs >kh`kid;, btrhpkid.

F _dcbtkvd `rua ghitrbki`kgbtkhis th ordbstldd`kia

kigcu`d sdk8urd md`kgbtkhis, idurhcdptkgs, sd`btkvds,

trbi"ukck8drs, mdtrhik`b8hcd, tdtrbgygckid, suclb,

stdrhk`s.

F 6bstktks ks iht b ghitrbki`kgbtkhi th iurskia.

0rdbstldd`kia `urkia mbstktks ndcps mhtndr rdghvdr

"ukg-dr. 6htndr gbi tb-d bitkokhtkg bi` stkcc iursd.

&hrmucb &dd`kia :

F @hrmucb ldd`kia ks usd` bs b suostktutd hr bs b

suppcdmdit. B mbhrkty hl lhrmucbs brd gh$Js mkc- obsd`

bi` brd b`ustd` th od bs gchsd th ordbst mkc- bs

phsskocd.

F 7hmmhi lhrmucb ks ' gbchrkds pdr huigd.

F :umbi mkc- ks ).'a=`N prhtdki >*? gbchrkds;, %a=`N

lbt >&%? gbchrkds;, .(a=`N gbrohny`rbtds >%?

gbchrkds;.

F Why lhrmucb ks ).&a=`N prhtdki >H? gbchrkds;, !.(a=`N

lbt >&? gbchrkds;, .Ha=`N gbrohny`rbtds >%)?gbchrkds;.

F nhcd mkc- ks !.!a=`N prhtdki >'? gbchrkds;, !.*a=`N

lbt >&? gbchrkds;, %.Ha=`N gbrohny`rbtds >!?

gbchrkds;.


33/306

F nhcd gh$Js mkc- ks ahh` lhr oboy gh$s hr biyhid hvdr

) ydbr hl bad. :kandr rks- lhr bccdrakds, AK ochh`

chss, bi` bidmkb kl stbrtd` dbrcy. Krhi ks iht boshrod`

$dcc bi` tndy adt AK ochh` chss.

F )!mh ghmds ki $ktn b ndmhachoki hl . 6htndr nbs oddi

uskia gh$Js mkc- skigd %mh. 2nbtJs tnd gbusd.

F nhcd gh$Js mkc- nbs b nkan shcutd chb` hi tnd

-k`idy. (*m9"=mN ki numbi, ''*m9"=mN ki gh$Js.

F \ktbmki # ks rdghmmdi`d` kl tnd lhrmucb `hds iht nbvd

kt, out ust adt hut ki tnd sui bi` yhuJcc od lkid.

F AhbtJs mkc- must od suppcdmditd` $ktn lhckg bgk`.

F Kl phhr krhi kitb-d, lhh`s ghitbki krhi bi` brd

stbrtd` bt $dd-s.

F Whck`s snhuc` od kitrh`ugd` bt bohut % mhitns hl

bad. 0boy gbi nhc` kts ndb` up, sug-s$bcch$ mdgnbiksm

ks odttdr, ch$dr rks- hl bccdrakds. Wtbrt b id$ shck`

hid bt b tkmd, hid pdr $dd- th `dtdrmkid kl tndy ck-d

kt bi` bccdrakds.

F B mhtndr stbtds tnbt ndr kilbit ks nbvkia dpksh`ds hl

kighishcbocd grykia dvdry ikant lhr tnd pbst & ikants.

:d `rb$s nks cdas up bi` nks bo`hmdi odghmds rkak`. 2nd

dpksh`ds rdshcvd bs "ukg-cy bs tndy ghmd hi bi` tnd

rdst hl tnd `by nd bgts ihrmbccy. +h `kbaihstkg tdsts

lhr ghckg.

F Tsubccy ghckg stbrts bohut ! $dd-s hl bad bi` cbsts

th ! mhitns hl bad, ih hid rdbccy ui`drstbi`s kt,

grbmpkia tnkia tnbt nbppdis, obokds gry tndi s$bcch$

bkr bi` adt mhrd grbmpkia, pbss abs, `rb$ tndkr cdas

up.


34/306

F Adidrbccy, rnytnmkg mhtkhis ndcp lhr ghckg. Vbttkia

tnd oboy, ohuigkia tnd oboy, gbr rk`ds. Whmdtkmds yhu

gbi usd bitkabs md`kgbtkhis ck-d skmdtnkghid.

2ypkgbccy hggurs bt tnd sbmd tkmd hl ikant.

F #klldrditkbc lhr ghckg kigcu`ds kitussusgdptkhi,

ndrikbs, strbiaucbtd` nbkr >d.a. mhtndrJs nbkr brhui`

thd;.

F B !yh ohy ks sddi lhr gnrhikg kccidss. :d bppdbrs

d`dmbthus bi` bpbtndtkg $ktn tnki nbkr. Adidrbck8d`

`drmbtktks ks ihtd`. Wpbrsd nbkr bi` `dgrdbsd` musgcd

thid ks ihtd`. 2nks ks -$bsnkhr-hr, prhtdkigbchrkd

mbciutrktkhi.

F \ktbmki `dlkgkdigkds brd hltdi bsshgkbtd` $ktn

-$bsnkhr-hr. Tsubccy kt hggurs bltdr tndy $dbi lrhm tnd

ordbst odgbusd tndy brdiJt adttkia tnd iutrktkhi tndy

idd`, sddi ki phhr shgkdtkds.

F 9`dmb ks ùd th prhtdki chss, tnus chss hl hightkg

prdssurd ki bo`hmdi. #dgrdbsd` sdrum bcoumki, `dgrdbsd`

ochh` acughsd, `dgrdbsd` dssditkbc bmkih bgk`s.

6hrtbckty gbi rdbgn !%?.

F 2rdbtmdit hl -$bsnkhr-hr ks sch$ ldd`kia, rdpcbgkia

"ukg-cy gbi mb-d tnkias $hrsd, pcus akvd vktbmkis.

F \ktbmki B `dlkgkdigy gbusds ikant ockiìdss. 2nkbmki

`dlkgkdigy cdb`s th odrk odrk. +kbgki `dlkgkdigy cdb`s

th pdccbarb.

F +h nhidy ks rdghmmdi`d` ki tnd lkrst ydbr hl ckld ùdth rks- hl kilbitkcd ohtucksm.

F 0htucksm prdsdits bs b `dsgdi`kia pbrbcysks >vdrsus

Aukccbki0brrd $nkgn ks bsgdi`kia;.


35/306

F Kilbitkcd ohtucksm ks ùd th tnd sphrds tndmsdcvds.

Ki bùcts, ohtucksm ks ùd th tnd th1ki.

Arh(tn, $kshr`drs h+ -dkant, . $kshr`drs h+ 'dkant:

F B lbtndr ks ghigdrid` tnbt tndkr )!yh shi ks snhrt.

2nd gnkc` nbs oddi vdry ndbctny, ks odch$ tnd &tn

pdrgditkcd lhr ndkant bi` nbs oddi nks $nhcd ckld.

Vnyskgbc d1bm ks ihrmbc. @btndr ks J!G, mhtndr ks

&J)G. @btndr $bs b Ocbtd ochhmdrG mdbikia arh$tn spurt

$bs cbtdr tnbi usubc.

F Arh$tn ks bi kigrdbsd ki sk8d, lhrm, bi` okhchakgmbturbtkhi.

F Arh$tn gnbrt snh$s cdiatn uitkc tndy brd hc` dihuan

th stbi`, tndi kt ks ndkant.

F ' stbi`br` `dvkbtkhis bohvd &tn pdrgditkcd ks H*tn

pdrgditkcd >nkan ihrmbc;.

F ' stbi`br` `dvkbtkhis odch$ &tn pdrgditkcd ks !r`

pdrgditkcd >ch$ ihrmbc;.

F B gnkc` tnbt ks snhrt mhst hl tndkr dbrcy ydbrs tnbi

di`s up ki tnd ihrmbc rbiad ks ghistktutkhibc arh$tn

`dcby.

F 7nkc` tnbt ks ust odch$ tnd mkikmbc lhr ihrmbc

ndkant out ks lhcch$kia tnd gurvd. @btndr ks &JG,

mhtndr &J)G. 2nd tbccdst pdrshi ki tnd lbmkcy ks &J*G.

2nks ks lbmkckbc snhrt stbturd.

F B gnkc` tnbt ks &tn pdrgditkcd lhr sdvdrbc ydbrs

tnbi `rhps th odch$ !r` pdrgditkcd ks $hrrkshmd. 2nks

ghuc` od b pktuktbry tumhr, grbikhpnbryiakhmb, 2uridr

syi`rhmd, hr htndr gbusds hl lbcckia hll tnd arh$tn

gurvd.


36/306

F Vbtnhchakg snhrt stbturd bi` ghistktutkhibc snhrt

stbturd ohtn stbrt $ktn gnkc` ki ihrmbc rbiad lhr

ndkant. 7histktutkhibc $kcc dvditubccy rdbgn b`uct

ndkant, pbtnhchakg $kcc lbcc hll. Vbst lbmkcy mdmodr

nksthry ks kmphrtbit.

F Vnyskgbc d1bm mby od ndcpluc kl b syi`rhmd ks

kivhcvd`. Biy ldmbcd $ktn snhrt stbturd snhuc` od

dvbcubtd` lhr 2uridr syi`rhmd >d.a. -bryhtypd;.

F Nbos ghuc` kigcu`d 707, urkibcysks >gnrhikg rdibc

`ksdbsd;, N@2s, 2@2s >nyphtnyrhk`;, arh$tn nhrmhid.

F rkst lkcms gbi tdcc yhu ohid bad. Kl pbtkdit ks )'yh

bi` snhrt, ohid bad ks Hyh, yhu -ih$ tndrd ks rhhm lhr

tnd pbtkdit th arh$ stkcc.

F Kl yhu suspdgt pktuktbry tumhr, grbikhpnbryiakhmb, `h

b s-ucc lkcm chh-kia lhr bi dicbrad` sdccb turgkgb.

F 2rdbtmdit ks th ghrrdgt tnd ui`drcykia `ksdbsd.

Arh$tn nhrmhid $kcc ndcp shmd pbtkdits.

F #klldrditkbc kigcu`ds nyphpktuktbrksm, `dprkvbtkhibc

`$brlksm, 2uridr, nyphtnyrhk`ksm, gnrhikg `ksdbsd.

F 6bhrkty hl pbtkdits $nh brd tbcc brd ihrmbc.

#huotluc tnbt biy +0B obs-dtobcc pcbydr nbs 6brlbi

syi`rhmd.

F 7busds hl kigrdbsd` ndkant kigcu`d hodskty, arh$tn

nhrmhid d1gdss >akabitksm, bgrhmdabcy;, bi`rhadi d1gdss

>tbcc bs gnkc`rdi, snhrt bs b`ucts;, nyphtnyrhk`ksm,

nhmhgystkiurkb, gdrdorbc akabitksm >Whths syi`rhmd;,

0dg-$ktn kd`dmbii syi`rhmd, dbvdrWmktn syi`rhmd,

Eckidldctdr syi`rhmd.

F #kshr`drs hl $dkant kigcu`d lbkcurd th tnrkvd bi`

hodskty.


37/306

F B oboy $dkans )cos bt ) ydbr hl bad. :ks okrtn

$dkant $bs (cos. Vbrdits stbtd tnbt tnd oboy ldd`s

$dcc. Vnyskgbc d1bm rdvdbcs b oboy $ktn ckttcd

suogutbidhus lbt, chia `krty lkiadribkcs, kmpdtkah, bi`

b lcbt hggkput.

F @bkcurd th tnrkvd >@22; mdbis yhu brd iht abkikia

$dkant bpprhprkbtdcy hr chskia yhur rbtd hl $dkant

abki.

F @22 gbusds kigcu`d mbciutrktkhi, mbcboshrptkhi

>kildgtkhi, gdckbg `ksdbsd, gnrhikg `kbrrndb;,

bccdrakds, kmmuid `dlkgkdigkds, gnrhikg `ksdbsds.

F 0boy snhuc` `huocd tndkr okrtn $dkant ki bohut %&

mhitns. 0y )yh, tndy snhuc` nbvd trkpcd` tndkr okrtn

$dkant.

F Kmpdtkah, lcbt hggkput, bi` chia `krty lkiadribkcs

kmpckds tnd oboy ks iht odkia tb-di gbrd hl. 0boy ks

iht odkia gcdbid` hr gbrd` lhr, hggkput ks lcbt odgbusd

oboy ks ust cbykia tndkr hi kts obg- bcc `by chia.

F :hspktbck8btkhi mby od idgdssbry th `hgumdit nh$ mbiygbchrkds tndy brd adttkia, th tdbgn tnd pbrdits th `h

kt bpprhprkbtdcy, th adt tnd lbmkcy tnd rdshurgds tndy

idd` th ldd` tnd oboy.

F Ki gnkc`rdi $nh `h iht abki $dkant bltdr tndsd

mdbsurds, ghisk`dr b s$dbr gnchrk`d tdst lhr gystkg

lkorhsks >7@;.

F Dodskty ks b adidrbck8d` hvdrbggumucbtkhi hl lbt,adidrbccy `ud th hvdrdbtkia $ktnhut d1drgksd. 6htndr

mby akvd tnd oboy b ohttcd dvdry tkmd kt grkds, sh kt

adts usd th mhrd gbchrkds. Arbi`mb mby sby Ob lbt oboy

ks b ndbctny oboy.G

F 2rdbtmdit ks `kdt bi` d1drgksd.


38/306

F 2ndrd brd shmd syi`rhmds bsshgkbtd` $ktn odkia

hvdr$dkant bi` hodsd, out tndy brd rbrd. 91gdptkhi th

tnd rucd.

F _ks- lbgthrs brd pbrditbc hodskty, lbmkcy kibgtkvkty

>2.\., vk`dh abmds;, ldd`kia ki rdsphisd th biy grykia,

thh mugn lrukt ukgd ki lkrst ydbr hl ckld, bi` shmd

syi`rhmds.

F 7nkc`rdi prdsdit iht hicy lbt, out phsskocy $ktn

kigrdbsd` ndkant. 0hys mby nbvd kigrdbsd` lbt tkssud ki

tnd mbmmbry rdakhi >chh-s ck-d ayidghmbstkb;, bo`hmkibc

strkbd, puokg lbt pb` ki ohys mb-ds kt chh- ck-d b

mkgrhpdiks.

F 0h`y mbss ki`d1 >06K; gurvd hvdr H&? hr hvdr !.

F 7hmpckgbtkhis kigcu`d rks- hl bùct hodskty >$ktn

nypdrtdiskhi, nypdracygdmkb, strh-d, 6K;,

gbr`khvbsgucbr prhocdms, sckppd` gbpktbc dpkpnysks,

scddp bpidb.

F #klldrditkbc kigcu`ds di`hgrkid bi` adidtkg gbusds,

rbrdcy.

&cuk`s . Dcdgtrhcytds:

F *yh ks b`mkttd` th tnd nhspktbc lhr bi dcdgtkvd

thiskccdgthmy. 2nd suradhi nbs bs-d` tnd pd`kbtrkgkbi

th -ddp tnd gnkc` +VD bltdr mkìkant. 2nd gnkc` $dkants

''-a. 7bcgucbtd mbkitbkid` lcuk` lrhm gbchrkg

d1pdi`kturds. _dpcbgd $nbt yhu $huc` ihrmbccy chsd

ùrkia tnd `by, urkid, s$dbt, ordbtnkia, sthhc.

F 9cdgtrhcytds brd chst ki urkid, bohut '!m9"=-a=`by

sh`kum, )'m9"=-a=`by phtbsskum.


39/306

F @hr lkrst )-a ki gnkc`rdi, )mN=-a. Wh &-a gnkc`

$huc` od &mN lhr `by. +d1t )-a stbrt $ktn )N tndi

akvd &mN=-a up th '-a. 3 '-a akvd ).&N tndi 'mN=-a

lhr dbgn -a hvdr '-a.

F ''-a gnkc` $huc` od )&mN %mN ks )&%mN ki '%

nhurs.

F %') rucd ks %mN=-a lhr lkrst )-a, 'mN=-a lhr id1t

)-a, bi` )mN=-a bltdr tnbt >pdr nhur;. ukg-dr mdtnh`

lhr tnbt ks tb-d $dkant bi` b`` %. Wh ''-a gnkc` $huc`

od '-a=nr hr bohut )%((mN=`by.

F #dlkgkt gbi od gbcgucbtd` oy pnyskgbc d1bm hr rdgdit

$dkant. Wh ihrmbc )-a gnkc` ih$ nbs `kbrrndb bi` ks bt

H-a. Chu -ih$ tnd -k` ksiJt trykia th chsd $dkant, sh

lcuk` chss ks )N hl lcuk`.

F #dny`rbtkhis brd kshibtrdmkg >kshthikg;,

nypdribtrdmkg >nypdrthikg;, bi` nyphibtrdmkg

>nyphthikg;.

F Bmhuit hl lcuk` `dlkgkt ks mkc` >&? kilbit, !?

b`hcdsgdit;, mh`drbtd >)? kilbit, ? b`hcdsgdit;, hrsdvdrd >)&? kilbit, H? b`hcdsgdit;. Dc`dr gnkc`rdi nbvd

cdss prhphrtkhi hl oh`y $btdr.

F 6kc` `dny`rbtkhi $huc` od tnkrsty bi` bcdrt pbtkdit,

ih tbgnygbr`kb, ihrmbc pdrluskhi.

F 6h`drbtd `dny`rbtkhi $huc` od $db- pucsd,

tbgnygbr`kb, ihrmbc pdrluskhi.

F Wdvdrd `dny`rbtkhi $huc` od vdry $db- pucsd,

tbgnygbr`kb, `dgrdbsd` pdrluskhi, mhttcd` s-ki.

F W-ki turahr bi` lhitbidccd gbi od usd` th `dtdrmkid

`dardd hl `dny`rbtkhi >tditd` s-ki, sui-di lhitbidccd;.


40/306

F Bc$bys trdbt snhg-. Kl nyphtdiskvd, akvd 'mN=-a hl

ihrmbc sbckid hr Nbgtbtd` _kiadrs.

F Kshibtrdmkg bi` nyphibtrdmkg `dny`rbtkhi, rdpcbgd

lcuk` `dlkgkt ki '% nhurs. Akvd nbcl `dlkgkt ki lkrst (

nhurs bi` rdst hl `dlkgkt ki id1t ) nhurs.

F :ypdribtrmkg `dny`rbtkhi, `h iht `dgrdbsd sh`kum thh

"ukg-cy dcsd gdrdorbc d`dmb, rdpcbgd thtbc `dlkgkt hvdr

%( nhurs. _dmdmodr th kigcu`d mbkitdibigd bs $dcc bi`

hiahkia lcuk` chsds >d.a. `kbrrndb, urkid ki #EB;.

F 0dst pcbgd th gndg- lhr s-ki turahr ks hvdr tnd

stdrium.

F #huany lddc $ktn s-ki tditkia sddi ki nypdribtrdmkg

`dny`rbtkhi.

$d/dchpmdit . "dnb/khr:

F #dvdchpmdit ks bg"uksktkhi hl luigtkhis.

F 0boy gbi skt up $ktn kts obg- strbkant, nbs stbrtd`

grb$ckia, nbs b pkigdr arbsp, bi` pcbys pdd-bohh.

nbt bad ks mhst bpprhprkbtd lhr tnks oboy/

F #dvdchpmdit gcbssklkd` kith idurh`dvdchpmditbc,

ghaiktkvd, bi` psygnhshgkbc.

F #divdr #dvdchpmditbc Wgrddikia 2dst >##W2; ks b

`dvdchpmditbc sgrddikia tdsts. @hgus hi b ghupcd tnkias

tnbt `klldrditkbtd hid bad arhup lrhm bihtndr. 2ndrd ks

b spdgtrum hl ihrmbc lhr dbgn mkcdsthid.

F 6hrh rdlcd1 ks $ndi tnd gnkc` ks stkmucbtd` oy aditcy

`rhppkia tnd obsskidttd hr tnd oboy b ld$ kignds, oboy

$kcc orkia brms lcd1d` ki, `rb$ cdas up, bi` thds lbi


41/306

hut ck-d b 0bokis-k. Vrdsdit bt okrtn, `ksbppdbrs bt %

mhitns hl bad.

F Arbsp rdlcd1 ks pcbitbr hr pbcmbr, stkmucbtkhi hl

nbi` $kcc gbusd arbsp. Vrdsdit bt okrtn bi` `ksbppdbrs

bt % mhitns hl bad.

F _hhtkia rdlcd1 ks stkmucbtkhi hl gndd- bi` oboy $kcc

turi ndb` bi` hpdi mhutn, bttdmptkia th iursd.

F 2rui- kigurvbtkhi >Abcbit rdlcd1;, oboy ndc` ki

vditrbc suspdiskhi bi` lkiadr rbi bchia hid sk`d, oboy

$kcc mhvd nkp=outt th tnbt sk`d. 0boy mby pdd b ckttcd

thh. Vrdsdit bt okrtn, ahds b$by bt H mhitns hl bad.

F Vcbgkia hr stdppkia rdlcd1 ks oboy suspdi`d` bi`

`hrsum hl lhht thugnds d1bmkikia tbocd, oboy $kcc `rb$

cda up ck-d tb-kia b stdp. Ahds b$by bt % mhitns hl

bad.

F 2hikg idg- rdlcd1 >ldigdrJs phsd; ks $ktn oboy hi

obg-, ndb` turid` th sk`d, lbgkia nbi` $kcc od strbkant

hut bi` hpphsktd brm lcd1d`. Kl yhu turi tnd ndb` th

tnd htndr sk`d, oboy snhuc` rdvdrsd phsd. Ahds b$by bt% mhitns.

F Vbrbgnutd rdlcd1 ks iht prdsdit bt okrtn. 2nks rdlcd1

ks $ndi oboy ks skttkia up, yhu tkp tndm hvdr, tndy

$kcc mhvd tndkr nbi` hut ki bitkgkpbtkhi lhr lbcckia.

Kl yhu arbo tnd oboy bi` `kvd tndm b ckttcd ndb` `h$i,

tndy $kcc sprdb` ohtn brms hut th prdvdit lbgdlkrst

lbcckia. Vrdsdit bt ( mhitns hl bad bi` snhuc` iht ah

b$by.

F 0bokis-k ks ihrmbc uitkc bohut )( mhitns. 2nks ks oka

thd up, htndr thds lbiid` hut. T6+ cdskhi bltdr )(

mhitns.


42/306

F Vrhid phsktkhikia $ktn vditrbc suspdiskhi ks $ndi yhu

nhc` tnd gnkc` lbgd `h$i $ktn hid nbi` hi tndkr gndst

bi` odccy. Did $dd- hc` $kcc chh- lchppy odgbusd ih

ahh` musgucbturd. )' mhitn hc` $kcc nbvd odttdr musgcd

thid.

F Tp th ' mhitns hl bad, ndb` $kcc cba kl yhu pucc oboy

up th skttkia. 2nks ahds b$by bt '% mhitns hl bad.

F +d$ohri ki prhid $kcc obrdcy od bocd th adt lbgd hvdr

th sk`d. Bt ) mhitn hl bad, oboy $kcc od bocd th gcdbr

d1bm tbocd $ktnhut ihsd ruookia. Bt % mhitns hl bad,

brms ui`dridbtn $ktn gndst bi` ndb` up.

F Ahh` pkigdr arbsp sddi bt H) mhitns hl bad.

6idmhikg ks phkitdr lkiadr mb-ds b ), phkitdrtnumo

mb-ds b .

F +d$ohri $kcc turi ndb` $ktn ihsd thugnkia ki prhid,

lcd1d` ki vditrbc d1tdiskhi. \ksubccy $kcc prdldr b

lbgd bi` nbs `hccJs dyd mhvdmdits.

F ) mhitn hl bad $kcc gcdbr d1bm surlbgd prhid, cklt

ndb` th pcbid hl oh`y, $kcc lhcch$ mhvkia hodgt.

F Whgkbc smkcd bt ' mhitns >%( $dd-s hl bad;, cklt

ndb` ki prhid phsktkhi, -ddp ndb` ki pcbid hl oh`y lhr

b ckttcd $nkcd, stkcc thikg idg-, stkcc ndb` cba,

OghhsG.

F ! mhitns hl bad gbi cklt ndb` bi` gndst hll d1bm

tbocd prhid, stkcc thikg idg-, shgkbc smkcd stkcc.

F %& mhitns $kcc rhcc hvdr lrhm sthmbgn th obg-. &

mhitns rhcc hvdr lrhm obg- th sthmbgn. F mhitns gbi

stbrt grddpkia hr grb$ckia, skttkia $ktn pdcvkg supphrt

bi` obg- rhui`d` cdbikia lhr$br` hi nbi`s, rb-kia bt b

pdccdt, oboocds.


43/306

F H mhitns hl bad $kcc skt oy sdcl, grddp, grb$c, $bc-

$ktn nbi`s ndc`, pkigdr arbsp, pcbys pdd-bohh.

F )' mhitns hl bad $kcc gruksd >$bc- nhc`kia hith

tnkias;, mby $bc- b ckttcd, $kcc b`ust phsktkhi th

ndcp `rdsskia.

F )& mhitns hl bad $kcc $bc- oy sdcl.

F )( mhitns hl bad $kcc sby ih, oh`y pbrts, )'

$hr`s.

F '% mhitns hl bad $kcc put sditdigds thadtndr.

F ! mhitns hl bad gbi $bc- up stbkrs out bctdribtkia

lddt.

F ! mhitns gbi ah `h$i stbkrs $ktn bctdribtkia lddt,

-ih$ bad Olrdd ydbrs hc`G, gbi tdcc yhu kl tndy brd ohy

hr akrc.

F %( mhitns gbi ghpy b grhss hr s"ubrd >% ydbrs, %

sk`ds, % hodgts;.

Bttditkhi $d+kgkt -ypdrbgtk/kty $kshr`dr 6B$-$2:

F yh ohy ks `hkia phhrcy ki sgnhhc. 2dbgndrs rdphrt nd

ks `kstrbgtkocd, kmpucskvd, bi` lk`adty. Vbrdits stbtd

nd ks bc$bys hi tnd ah bt nhmd bi` nbs oddi b

`ksgkpckid prhocdm.

F :ypdrbgtkvkty phrtkhi ks iht bc$bys tndrd, mhrd

ghmmhicy sddi ki ohys.

F 7nbrbgtdrk8d` oy kibokckty th bttdi` th tnd tbs- bt

nbi`, kigrdbsd` mhthr bgtkvkty, bi` kmpucskvkty.

F 9tkhchay ui-ih$i. d `h -ih$ tndy nbvd prhocdms

lkctdrkia stkmuck, d.a. lckg-drkia ckant ouco hr okr`


44/306

gnkrpkia hutsk`d tnd gcbssrhhm $huc` od thh `kstrbgtkia

th bgghmpcksn b tbs-.

F B#:# -k`s nbvd prhocdms ghitrhcckia tndkr h$i

odnbvkhrs th shgkbc bggdptd` ihrms.

F 6hrd ghmmhicy `kbaihsd` ki mbcds hvdrbcc, out

kibttditkvdtypd mhrd ghmmhi ki ldmbcds. Vrhobocy )mkstb-ds,

`kllkgucty pbykia bttditkhi, `hdsiJt sddm th ckstdi,

`hdsiJt lhcch$ tnrhuan hi tbs-s, `kllkgucty adttkia

hrabik8d`, bvhk`s sustbkid` mditbc dllhrt, chsds tnkias

dbskcy, `kstrbgtkocd bi` lhradtluc;, nypdrbgtkvkty

>lk`adty, hut hl sdbt, `hiJt pcby "ukdtcy;, bi`

kmpucskvkty >sby hr `h tnkias $ktnhut tnki-kia bohut

tnd ghisd"udigds;. 7rktdrkb snhuc` od ihtd` bt nhmd bi`

bt sgnhhc.

F 2ndrd ks ih tdst lhr tnks. 2ndrd ks tnd 7hiihrs

"udstkhiibkrd bi` htndrs, out ih `kbaihstkg tdsts.

F 2rdbtmdit ks pnbrmbghchakg bi` psygnhshgkbc

mbibadmdit >trdbt lbmkcy sktubtkhi;.

F Kl bsshgkbtd` cdbrikia `ksbokckty, tnbt snhuc` od

mbibad` bs $dcc.

F 6d`kgbtkhis kigcu`d mdtnycpndik`btd,

`d1trhbmpndtbmkid, pdmhckid, trkgygckg bitk`dprdssbits.

F #kdt nbs ihtnkia th `h $ktn B#:# >d.a. gnhghcbtd, rd`

`yd P%, suabr;.

F 7nkc`rdi $kcc cdbri th ghitrhc shmd hl tnd

`kstrbgtkokckty bi` kmpucskvkty.

Diurdsks . Dighprdsks:


45/306

F *yh ohy nbs prhocdms $ktn od`$dttkia. 6htndr sbys

`urkia tnd `by nd nbs ih prhocdms out ks usubccy $dt

hl * mhrikias. :d `hds iht rdphrt `ysurkb hr lrd"udigy,

bi` `hds iht nbvd kigrdbsd` tnkrst. 6htndr sbys nd ks b

`ddp scddpdr. 2nks ks ihgturibc diurdsks, b `kshr`dr hlbrhusbc bi` scddpkia.

F 9iurdsks ks `dlkid` bs kivhcuitbry pbssbad hl urkid

bltdr b ihrmbc bad lhr thkcdt trbkikia >oy bad !&;.

F 9vdry ydbr tndrd brd ld$dr bi` ld$dr gnkc`rdi $ktn

diurdsks bs gnkc`rdi adt hc`dr, sh rdbssurd pbrdits.

F 9iurdsks `hds rui ki tnd lbmkcy.

F Vrkmbry diurdsks ks b gnkc` tnbt nbs idvdr oddi `ry

lhr b skaiklkgbit phrtkhi hl tkmd. Wdghi`bry diurdsks

ks tnd gnkc` tnbt nbs oddi `ry bi` ih$ ks nbvkia

bggk`dits4 bs- bohut nhmd hr sgnhhc kssuds >d.a. id$

skockia, pbrdits adttkia `kvhrgd, ouccy bt sgnhhc,

arbi`pb `kd`;.

F +hgturibc diurdsks ks bsshgkbtd` $ktn `dvdchpmdit

`dcby hl tnd ocb``dr.

F hrry bohut urkibry trbgt kildgtkhis bi` `kbodtds,

$nkgn ghuc` od gbuskia diurdsks.

F 2rdbt $ktn rdbssurbigd, od` odcc systdm >gnkc`

gnbiads snddts bltdr $dttkia;, bi` phsskocy

md`kgbtkhis. _dghmmdi` gnkc` `hds iht `rki- lcuk`s lhr

' nhurs prkhr th ahkia th od`.

F 9ighprdsks ks ldgbc kighitkidigd ks mhrd ghmmhi ki

mbcds bi` usubccy psygnhchakgbc, sugn bs iht $bitkia th

ah th tnd obtnrhhm bt sgnhhc bi` adttkia kmpbgtd` tndi

cdb-bad brhui` kmpbgtkhi.


46/306

F 9ighprdsks ks trkaadrd` oy vhcuitbry nhc`kia tndi

cdb-bad brhui` kmpbgtkhi.

F 2rdbtmdit hl dighprdsks kivhcvds ghuisdckia bi`

phsskocy gcdbikia hut tnd pbtkditJs oh$dcs.

$d/dchpmditbc $kshr`drs:

F %yh gnkc` spdb-s ki uikitdcckakocd mumocds, prdldrs

th pcby oy nkmsdcl, bi` rhg-s obg- bi` lhrtn

ghistbitcy. Vbrdits stbtd tnbt bs bi kilbit nd nb` b

`dcbyd` shgkbc smkcd bi` $bs iht vdry pcbyluc hr

kitdrbgtkvd.

F Butksm ks b `dvdchpmditbc `kshr`dr, usubccy b prhocdm

$ktn shgkbc rdcbtkhis. Bcsh nbvd vdrobc bi` ihivdrobc

ghmmuikgbtkhi `dlkgkts, uiusubc rdsphisds th tnd

divkrhimdit.

F Butksm ks usubccy pkg-d` up prkhr th ! mhitns hl

bad.

F 7ckikgbc ldbturds kigcu`d lbkcurd th bttbgn bs bikilbit, `dcbyd` hr bosdit shgkbc smkcd, lbkcurd th

bitkgkpbtd kitdrbgtkhi >$kcc iht rdbgn hut brms kl yhu

ah th pkg- tndm up;, tdi` th nbvd rdpdtktkvd mhvdmdits,

mby nbvd b idd` lhr ghistbigy, mby nbvd vdrobc hr ihi

vdrobc ghmmuikgbtkhi `dcby, hutoursts hl biadr, mby

nurt sdcl hr htndrs.

F +h gurd lhr butksm, trdbtmdit ghisksts hl smbcc

d`ugbtkhibc arhups bi` shmdtkmds pnbrmbghtndrbpy.

F Vrhaihsks lhr butksm ks vdry phhr.

F BspdradrMs ks b suosdt hl butksm, mhrd ghmmuikgbtkvd,

bppdbr mhrd b$brd, `h iht nbvd tnd cbiaubad kmpbkrmdits

tnbt brd sddi ki butksm. :h$dvdr, tndy `h nbvd shgkbc


47/306

kmpbkrmdits, `h nbvd rdpdtktkvd odnbvkhrs, bi` nbvd

hosdsskhi kitdrdsts bi` ghistbigy.

F syi`rhmd hicy sddi ki ldmbcds, Icki-d` `hmkibit

>697V' adid;, ihrmbc uitkc )yh tndi chskia mkcdsthids

hr `dcby. :db` sthps arh$kia. kcc nbvd nbi`$rkiakia

mhvdmdits bi` skankia shui`s.

Vhkshikia:

F Vhkshikia ks tnd %tn mhst ghmmhi gbusd hl kiury ki

gnkc`rdi. Dggurs mhst hltdi ui`dr &yh >$ndi gnkc` gbi

odaki th $bc-; bi` ki tddibad ydbrs >kitditkhibc hrihibggk`ditbc;.

F Biy phkshikia hvdr bad & ks mhst ck-dcy ihi

bggk`ditbc, tnkias ck-d sukgk`d, gnkc` bousd,

kitditkhibc kiury.

F 6bhrkty hl phkshikias hggur ki tnd nhmd, mhst ck-dcy

ki tnd nhmd bi` obtnrhhm.

F Bitkgkpbthry auk`bigd ks kivhcvd` ndrd, sdbtodcts,gbr sdbts >stbrtd` bt okrtn;, phkshis hi nkandr

sndcvds.

F Vhkshikias hggur $ndi ihrmbc rhutkid ks `ksruptd`,

sugn bs lbmkcy vbgbtkhi, vksktkia arbi`mb >nhusd iht

Ognkc` prhhld`G;, bltdr b nhmd mhvd.

F 7nkc` sbldty gbps brd ahh` lhr prdvditkhi hl

phkshikia, out gbi akvd yhu b lbcsd sdisd hl sdgurkty.Lust odgbusd kt nbs b gnkc` sbldty gbp `hds iht mdbi

tnd gnkc` gbiiht adt kith kt. 2nd gnkc` ks ck-d b

ckttcd ouracbr, kl yhu akvd tndm dihuan tkmd tndy gbi

adt kith tnkias. K`db ks th sch$ tndm `h$i sh tndy adt


48/306

tkrd` bi` `h shmdtnkia dcsd, hr sh yhu gbtgn tndm ki

tnd bgt.

F Bcc phkshis snhuc` od prhpdrcy cbodcd`. Kl yhu mk1 b

ibmdorbi` gcdbidr kith b s"ukrt ohttcd bi` tnd gnkc`

`rki-s kt, yhu mby iht -ih$ $nbt ks ki tnd ohttcd kl kt

ks iht cbodcd`.

F Eddp phkshis bi` md`kgbtkhis ki b nkan up bi` chg-d`

gbokidt.

F #h iht tb-d md`kgbtkhis ki lrhit hl gnkc`rdi. 2nks

sdi`s tnd mdssbad tnbt kl mhm bi` `b` `h tnks tndi tnd

gnkc` snhuc` thh. 91bmpcd $huc` od ckttcd akrc prdsdits

$ktn ayidghmbstkb bi` sbys snd $bits th od ck-d mhmmy.

2nks gnkc` thh- mhmJs mdihpbusd nhrmhids >dstrhadi;.

F #ksphsd hl md`kgbtkhis prhpdrcy, `h iht lcusn

md`kgbtkhis uicdss b md`kgbtkhi kisdrt spdgklkgbccy

sbys th `h sh. Kl ih kistrugtkhis brd akvdi, rdmhvd

md`kgbtkhis lrhm ohttcd bi` mk1 $ktn ui`dskrbocd trbsn

>d.a. usd` ghlldd arhui`s hr -ktty ckttdr;. 2nks ndcps

-ddp bikmbcs >lbmkcy pdt; bi` gnkc`rdi hut. Vcbgd ki b

cdb-prhhl oba th prdvdit cdb-bad.

F Bc$bys nbvd tnd phkshi ghitrhc iumodr bt nhmd bi` ki

shmdtnkia tnbt $kcc od gbrrkd` $ktn tnd oboy, sugn bs b

`kbpdr oba.

F 6biy pnbrmbgkds ih chiadr gbrry syrup hl kpdgbg

>dmdtkg; bi` tndrd ks ghitrhvdrsy bohut nhmd bgtkvbtd`

gnbrghbc. 0dst mbibadmdit ks gbcc phkshi ghitrhc bi` ah

th 9#.

F Kl kinbcd` phkshi, rdmhvd gnkc` lrhm shurgd. Kl

boshrod` tnrhuan s-ki, rdmhvd gchtnkia bi` $bsn gnkc`

hll.


49/306

F Kl phkshi s$bcch$d`, ah th nhspktbc. Kl phkshi ki

dyd, lcusn dyd $ktn $btdr lhr )& mkiutds.

F Ki 9#, mbibadmdit ks B07s, "ukg- nksthry >d.a. nh$

mbiy pkccs, nh$ chia bah;, lbst lhgusd` d1bm.

F Vhkshikia snhuc` od b``d` th tnd `klldrditkbc biytkmd

tndrd ks b ok8brrd ghistdccbtkhi hl sympthms.

F Vrdvditkhi hl boshrptkhi gbi od `hid oy gbuskia

dmdsks >rbrdcy usd`;, abstrkg cbvbad >odst ki lkrst

nhurs bltdr kiadstkhi;, bgtkvbtd` gnbrghbc, gbtnbrtkgs

>phcydtnycdid acyghc hr htndr md`kgbtkhis th spdd` AK

trbiskt;, `kurdsks mby ndcp $ktn gdrtbki kiadstkhis.

F 9mdsks bi` abstrkg cbvbad brd iht ki`kgbtd` lhr

ghrrhskvds bs tndy $kcc mb-d tnkias $hrsd.

F #h iht `h ki`ugd dmdsks hr `h abstrkg cbvbad kl

pbtkdit nbs rd`ugd` aba rdlcd1 hr ks ghmbthsd.

F Bgtkvbtd` gnbrghbc nbs ld$ ghitrbki`kgbtkhis, out `h

iht akvd kl yhu ust abvd bi dmdtkg bs bgtkvbtd`

gnbrghbc mby boshro tnd dmdtkg cdb`kia th phhr dmdsks.

Babki, dmdtkgs rbrdcy usd`.

F Bgtkvbtd` gnbrghbc iht ndcpluc lhr gybik`ds, mdtbcs,

sh`kum, phtbsskum, gnchrk`d, bgk`s, obsds.

F 7btnbrtkgs `dgrdbsd AK boshrptkhi. 6baidskum

gbtnbrtkgs snhuc` iht od usd` kl tnd pbtkdit ks ki

rdibc lbkcurd.

F #kurdsks bi` `kbcysks brd hptkhis bs $dcc. 2ndsd brdusubccy cbst `ktgn mdbsurds.

F Vhkshikia trdbtmdit hl gnhkgd ks supphrtkvd. 2ndrd

brd ld$ bitk`htds, sh mbibad B07s.

Vhkshikia: Bgdtbmkihpndi5


50/306

F !yh $bs pcbykia `hgthr $ktn nks %yh skstdr. 2nd

skstdr thc` nkm tnbt nd $bs vdry kcc bi` prdsgrkod` '&

bgdtbmkihpndi tbocdt, $nkgn tnd gnkc` kiadstd`. Bihtndr

gbsd $huc` od b )yh $nh tb-ds b ohttcd hl

bgdtbmkihpndi tbocdts bltdr bi braumdit $ktn ndrpbrdits hr ordb-kia up $ktn ndr ohylrkdi`.

:dpbthth1kgkty ks $hrsd ki b`ucts. 9ktndr $by, $d idd`

th mbibad tndsd pbtkdits.

F Bgdtbmkihpndi ks usd` lhr bibcadskb bi` bs bi bitk

pyrdtkg. 6dtbohcksm ks mbkicy vkb ckvdr.

F 2h1kg `hsd ki gnkc`rdi ui`dr )'yh ks )&ma=-a. Kt ks

bcsh kmphrtbit th -ih$ kl tnd pkcc ks d1tdi`d` rdcdbsd.

F Wtbad K bgdtbmkihpndi th1kgkty ks lkrst '%n bltdr

kiadstkhi. Vbtkdits nbvd ibusdb, vhmktkia, `kbpnhrdsks.

2nks ks b ahh` tkmd th adt ckvdr luigtkhi tdsts odgbusd

tndy $kcc od ihrmbc.

F 2dsts th adt brd ckvdr di8ymds >trbisbmkibsds;,

ghbaucbtkhi stu`kds, okckruoki, bi` bcoumki.

F Kl pbtkdit ks b akrc ki gnkc`odbrkia ydbrs >)' th&';, adt b prdaibigy tdst.

F Wtbad KK bgdtbmkihpndi th1kgkty ks '%*'n bltdr

kiadstkhi bi` pbtkdit ks stbrtkia th chh- odttdr.

:h$dvdr, kl tnd pbtkdit ks ahkia th nbvd ckvdr

prhocdms, tnks ks $ndi yhuJcc sdd gnbiads ki N@2s bi`

ghbaucbtkhi stu`kds.

F Wtbad KKK bgdtbmkihpndi th1kgkty ks *'H%n bltdrkiadstkhi bi` pbtkdit $kcc nbvd b pdb- ki N@2s. 2nks ks

$ndi yhu -ih$ kl tnd ckvdr $kcc rdghvdr hr adt mugn

$hrsd.

F Wtbad K\ bgdtbmkihpndi th1kgkty ks $ndi tnd ckvdr ks

rdghvdrkia.


51/306

F 6bhrkty hl gnkc`rdi $kcc iht nbvd ckvdr prhocdms.

:h$dvdr, bgdtbmkihpndi th1kgkty ks tnd iumodr hid gbusd

hl ckvdr trbispcbit ki tnd T.W.

F 6bibadmdit bcsh kigcu`d hr`drkia bi bgdtbmkihpndi

cdvdc. Bgdtbmkihpndi tdi`s th pdb- bt % nhurs.

F Bitk`htd lhr bgdtbmkihpndi ks +bgdtycgystdkid >+B7;.

_umbg- ihmharbm $kcc ndcp yhu `dtdrmkid kl $d snhuc`

akvd +B7. Kl cdvdc ks bohvd tnd thp ckid >prhobocy

ndpbthth1kgkty brdb;, akvd +B7. Kl cdvdc ks odt$ddi tnd

t$h ihmharbm ckids, tnks ks phsskocd ndpbthth1kgkty,

akvd +B7.

F ny iht akvd th dvdryoh`y/ 2ndrd ks b chb`kia `hsd

tndi b `hsd dvdry % nhurs lhr )1 >)* thtbc `hsds;.

Adidrbccy tnd pbtkdit $kcc iht `rki- kt odgbusd kt

tbstds chusy bi` smdccs ck-d rhttdi daas sh ks akvdi

vkb +A tuod.

F Digd yhu stbrt akvkia +B7, kt `hds iht mbttdr $nbt

tnd bgdtbmkihpndi cdvdc ks. 2nd cdvdc $kcc `rhp bi`

$kcc iht gnbiad mbibadmdit, -ddp akvkia +B7 rdabr`cdss

hl biy suosd"udit bgdtbmkihpndi cdvdc.

F Bgtkvbtd` gnbrghbc ks akvdi iht hicy lhr

bgdtbmkihpndi ndrd out ki gbsd tnd pbtkdit thh- htndr

phkshis bchia $ktn tnd md`kgbtkhi >d.a. bitk`dprdssbit

md`kgbtkhis;.

F Kl bgdtbmkihpndi cdvdc ardbtdr tnbi )&, trdbt

pbtkdit $ktn +B7. +B7 odst akvdi $ktnki ( nhurs hl

kiadstkhi.

Vhkshikia: Bcghnhc5

F B nkan sgnhhc sdikhr brrkvds ki tnd 9mdradigy

#dpbrtmdit >9#; kmmhokck8d` hi b obg-ohbr` $ktn

gdrvkgbc spkid ghccbr ki pcbgd bltdr b mhthr vdnkgcd


52/306

bggk`dit. 2nd pbtkdit $bs b rdstrbkid` pbssdiadr ki tnd

obg-sdbt pbssdiadrsk`d. :d stbtds tnbt nd bi` tnd &

htndr tddis ki tnd gbr nb` ust cdlt tnd pbrty $ndi

tndkr gbr $bs strug-. 2nd smdcc hl bcghnhc ks prdsdit

hi pnyskgbc d1bm, tnd pbtkdit nbs ih nksthry hl`kbodtds, bi` ih orh-di ck"uhr ohttcds $drd lhui` ki

tnd gbr hr trui- bt tnd sgdid hl tnd bggk`dit.

F Did `rki- ks )'h8 gbi oddr, Hh8 acbss $kid, ).&h8

ck"uhr snht.

F Bcghnhc usd ks sddi hltdi ki b`hcdsgdigd. +dabtkvdcy

blldgts tnd pbrbgnutd rdlcd1. Lh-kia bsk`d, kt iht hicy

gbi cdb` th idabtkvd hutghmds lhr tnd tddi out lhrhtndrs >d.a. gbr bggk`dit; bi` tndkr lbmkckds.

F @bgthrs blldgtkia kith1kgbtkhi kigcu`d bmhuit hl

bcghnhc kiadstd`, pbtkdit sk8d, kl lhh` $bs kiadstd`,

bi` thcdrbigd.

F 6hst stbtds guthll kith1kgbtkhi lhr `rkvkia bt 0B7

.(. 2nks ks cdabccy `rui- rdabr`cdss hl dlldgt `ud th

thcdrbigd.

F @rhm &)&ma=`N tndrd brd blldgts, kighhr`kibtkhi,

ocurrd` vkskhi, sch$d` rdbgtkhi tkmd. 0B7 )&! akvds

vksubc kmpbkrmdit, stbaadrkia, bi` scurrd` spddgn. 0B7

!& prh`ugds stuphr, nyphacygdmkb, ghmb. 0B7 hvdr

& ks lbtbc kl pbtkdit nbs ih thcdrbigd.

F Biy ghmbthsd pbtkdit snhuc` adt bi bcghnhc cdvdc

`rb$i bs $dcc bs ochh` acughsd.

F +h spdgklkg bitk`htd, hicy supphrtkvd trdbtmdit.

2rdbt mdtbohckg bgk`hsks bi` nyphacygdmkb.

F 6kgnbdcks6ditdi -kidtkgs lhr bcghnhc ks 8drh hr`dr.

Rdrhhr`dr `ruas brd V9B< pndiythki, dtnbihc, bspkrki.


53/306

F Rdrh hr`dr -kidtkgs mdbis bcghnhc $kcc od ghistbitcy

mdtbohck8d` bt tnd sbmd rbtd rdabr`cdss hl htndr

lbgthrs.

F Bgtkvbtd` gnbrghbc gbi od usd` ki gbsd tndy aht kith

biytnkia dcsd, out iht thh ndcpluc lhr tnd bcghnhc.

F Kl nkan ochh` bcghnhc cdvdcs bi` ihtnkia ks ndcpkia,

tndi ghisk`dr `kbcysks.

Vhkshikia: Bmpndtbmkids5

F 2nd auk`bigd ghuisdchr rdldrs b )tn arb`d stu`dit

th tnd sgnhhc iursd lhr $dkant chss, kishmikb, bi`

`dprdsskhi.

F Bmpndtbmkids brd stkmucbits sh $ny ks nd `dprdssd`/

0dgbusd ndJs ghmkia `h$i hll hl tndm.

F Vbtkdits $kcc nbvd dktndr bgutd hr gnrhikg th1kgkty.

Bgutd th1kgkty kigcu`ds `kbrrndb, pbcpktbtkhis,

brrnytnmkbs, syighpd, nypdrpyrd1kb, nypdrrdlcd1kb,

sdk8urds, ghmb.

F 7nrhikg th1kgkty `ud th thcdrbigd kigcu`dsrdstcdssidss, idrvhusidss, `dprdsskhi, kishmikb,

sukgk`bc odnbvkhr, $dkant chss. #kbaihsks ks vkb urkid

`rua sgrddi >T#W; $kcc snh$ bmpndtbmkids lhr up th )!

`bys bi` mdtnbmpndtbmkids lhr up th !& `bys.

F @hr bgutd kith1kgbtkhi, supphrtkvd tndrbpy $ktn B07s,

ghhckia ocbi-dt lhr nypdrtndrmkb, sd`btkhi kl idd`d`.

Vhkshikia: Wbckgycbtds5

F B tddibad akrc ks orhuant oy bmoucbigd th tnd 9#

odgbusd ndr mhtndr lhui` ndr kiadstkia b ohttcd hl

bspkrki. 2nd pbtkdit stbtds tnbt snd O$bits th `kdG bs

ndr ohylrkdi` nbs `dgk`d` th `btd shmdhid dcsd.


54/306

F Bspkrki ks usd` bs bi bibcadskg, bitkkilcbmmbthry,

bi` bitkpyrdtkg. Dtndr md`kgbtkhis $ktn sbckgycbtd ki

tndm kigcu`d oksmutn suosbckgycbtd >Vdpth0ksmhc; bi`

mdtnyc sbckgycbtd >Dkc hl kitdrarddi;.

F Wbckgycbtds brd tnd mhst ghmmhi gbusd hl `rua

phkshikia ki tnd Tiktd` Wtbtds.

F (yh $hmbi prdsdits $ktn kigrdbskia obg- pbki. :bs

oddi tb-kia ndr pbki md`kgbtkhi mhrd bi` mhrd hltdi

hvdr tnd pbst $dd-. #buantdr bs-s bohut ndr mhmJs

rkiakia ki tnd dbr. 2nd pbtkdit kitdrrupts th sby OKtJs

ust gbusd KJm adttkia hc`.G 2nki- sbckgycbtd

phkshikia, iht ust ki pd`kbtrkgs.

F Wbckgycbtds uighupcd h1k`btkvd pnhspnhrycbtkhi,

kigrdbsd mdtbohckg rbtd, gbusd tbgnypidb, tbgnygbr`kb,

ldvdr, bi` nyphacygdmkb. Chu try th put tndsd sympthms

thadtndr tnki-kia, Odcc $nbt kildgtkhi gbi gbusd

tnks/G

F 0y kinkoktkia tnd ErdoMs gygcd, yhu adt mdtbohckg

bgk`hsks, ckvdr `bmbad, ghbaucbtkhi prhocdms

>pcbtdcdts;.

F Vrdsditbtkhi kigcu`ds vhmktkia, nypdrpidb, ldvdr,

cdtnbray, mditbc ghiluskhi bcc sddi ki mkc`. Wdk8urds,

ghmb, rdspkrbthry ghccbpsd sddi ki sdvdrd kiadstkhis.

:ypdrvditkcbtkhi, `dny`rbtkhi, ocdd`kia `kshr`drs,

sdk8urds, ghmb sddi ki gnrhikg kiadstkhi. 2kiiktus ks b

ghmmhi sympthm bsshgkbtd` $ktn sbckgycbtd cdvdc hvdr

!ma=`N.

F Wtbad K sbckgycbtd th1kgkty cbst bohut )'n bi`

kivhcvds rdspkrbthry bc-bchsks, chskia phtbsskum bi`

okgbro ki urkid. 2nks stbad ks )'n ki b`hcdsgdit out

mby iht od sddi ki b smbcc gnkc`. Kt gbi mkmkg `kbodtkg

-dthbgk`hsks.


55/306

F Wtbad KK sbckgycbtd th1kgkty kigcu`ds pbrb`h1kgbc

bgk`urkb, )''%n bltdr kiadstkhi ki b`hcdsgdit. 6by od

shhidr ki tnd yhuiadr gnkc`.

F Wtbad KKK sbckgycbtd th1kgkty kigcu`ds mdtbohckg

bgk`hsks, `dny`rbtkhi, nyph-bcdmkb. 2nks stbad hggurs

dbrckdr ki kilbit, cbtdr ki b`hcdsgdit >3 '%n;.

F nktd ghuit, ndmbthgrkt, bi` pcbtdcdts mby od

kigrdbsd`. 0T+ bi` grdbtkikid mby od kigrdbsd`

F Nbos gbi od bcc hvdr tnd pcbgd, nypdribtrdmkb,

nyph-bcdmkb hr nypdr-bcdmkb, nypdracygdmkb hr

nyphacygdmkb, B0A snh$kia mdtbohckg bgk`hsks $ktn

rdspkrbthry ghmpdisbtkhi ki gnkc`rdi. Ki b`hcdsgdits,

B0A $kcc snh$ rdspkrbthry bc-bchsks bchid.

F #hid ihmharbm ks lhr sbckgycbtd hvdr`hsd. Tskia tnd

#hid ihmharbm, yhu gbi `dtdrmkid nh$ ob` tnd kiadstkhi

gbi od, dvdi tnhuan tndrd ks ih bitk`htd.

F @drrkg gnchrk`d tdst ks `hid oy puttkia b `rhp hl

urkid hi b ldrrkg gnchrk`d tbocdt. Kl tbocdt gnbiads

ghchr, yhu -ih$ tndrd ks bspkrki ki tnd systdm. Kt `hdsiht sby nh$ mugn >"ubitktbtkvd;, ust "ubcktbtkvd.

Dotbki ochh` bspkrki cdvdc.

F 2rdbtmdit ks supphrtkvd gbrd. Abstrkg `dghitbmkibtkhi

kl shhi dihuan. 6by bttdmpt th gnbiad urkid p: oy

akvkia okgbrohibtd K\, $nkgn $huc` spdd` d1grdtkhi hl

bspkrki. Wdvdrd gbsds mby idd` ndmh`kbcysks.

Vhkshikia: !brohi hihxk`d5

F &yh ks orhuant th tnd 9# lhr b lkrst tkmd sdk8urd.

2nd gnkc` $bs prdvkhuscy $dcc. 2nd lbtndr stbtds tnd


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gnkc` $bs trbvdckia bgrhss ghuitry ki bi hc`dr mh`dc

vdnkgcd $ndi tnd sdk8urd hggurrd`. 2nd gnkc` $bs

scddpkia hi tnd gbr hl tnd vdnkgcd bi` tndrd $drd &

b`ucts smh-kia thobggh bt tnd tkmd hl tnd dvdit. Di

pnyskgbc d1bmkibtkhi, tnd gnkc` bppdbrs `rh$sy. Vucsdh1kmdtdr rdb`s H*?.

7brohi mhih1k`d ks ghchrcdss bi` h`hrcdss. 7bi ghmd

lrhm b ob` gbr, iht idgdssbrkcy b gbr ruiikia ki b

abrbad, mbiy tkmds odgbusd tnd 7D ks sddpkia kith tnd

gbr. 7D $kcc oki` ndmhachoki b '&1 odttdr tnbi h1yadi

`hds. D1yadi ks tnus `kspcbgd` akvkia

7broh1yndmhachoki. 7D >7broh1yndmhachoki; cdvdc hl

)? nbs ih sympthms. Wmh-drs tdi` th nbvd !&? bsobsdckid.7D cdvdc hl )''? akvds ndb`bgnds, ')!?

akvds $hrsd ndb`bgnds bi` krrktbokckty, !)%? akvds

sdvdrd ndb`bgnd, cdtnbray, ibusdb, vhmktkia, %)&?

akvds ghiluskhi, syighpd, tbgnygbr`kb, tbgnypidb, &)

? gbi gbusd ghmb bi` sdk8urds, )*? akvds

nypdrtdiskhi bi` rdspkrbthry lbkcurd, 3 *? ks lbtbc.

7ndrry rd` ochh` hi B0A mby od sddi, gndrry rd` s-ki ks

vdry rbrdcy sddi. VD' $kcc od chusy dvdi $ktn rd`

ochh`. Bgk`hsks $kcc od sddi hi B0A.

2rdbtmdit ks th rdmhvd pbtkdit lrhm tnd shurgd

>rdpcbgd gbr, lk1 nhusd;, put hi )? h1yadi, sdvdrd

gbsds adt nypdrobrkg h1yadi.

Wd"udcbd kigcu`d odnbvkhr gnbiads, mdmhry chss,

ocki`idss, bi` gbi bcc hggur $ktn hid d1phsurd.

F7ybik`d kith1kgbtkhi, sddi ki nhusd lkrds, ks trdbtd`

$ktn bmyc iktrbtd, tndi sh`kum iktrktd bi` sh`kum

tnkhsuclbtd.

Vhkshikia: !bustkgs 6Bgk`s . Bcebck25


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F 'yh prdsdits th tnd 9# $ktn nks pbrdits $nh sby tndy

lhui` tnd pbtkdit `rki-kia shmd cyd. 2nd pbtkdit ks

grykia prhlusdcy $ktn ockstdrs bi` ouris ihtd` hi

kispdgtkhi hl tnd mhutn. 2nd pbtkdit ks `rhhckia.

F Bgk`s gbusd tkssud idgrhsks. Bc-bcks gbusd

ck"udlbgtkhi idgrhsks. 0uris $hrsd bt d1trdmd hl p: >5

', 3 )';.

F 6bibad bkr$by kmmd`kbtdcy `ud th bkr$by ouris bi`

d`dmb.

F 9shpnbadbc strkgturds gbi hggur. Vychrus strkgturds

gbi cdb` th vhmktkia hr `dcbyd` abstrkg dmptykia.

F 9i`hsghpy gbi od `hid th `dtdrmkid d1tdit hl ouris.

F 2rdbtmdit ks th rdmhvd gbustkg oy rdmhvkia lrhm s-ki

bi` lcusnkia mhutn.

F #h iht ki`ugd vhmktkia ki tndsd pbtkdits bs kt $kcc

ouri. #h iht `h abstrkg cbvbad odgbusd yhu gbi

pdrlhrbtd tnd dshpnbaus bs tnd +A hr DA tuod trbvdcs

`h$i.

F +h idd` lhr bitkokhtkgs. _hcd hl stdrhk`s ks

"udstkhibocd.

african college of health (ach); pediatrics notes

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