africa environment outlook

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www.unep.orgUnited Nations Environment Programme

P.O. Box 30552 Nairobi, KenyaTel: (254 2) 621234Fax: (254 2) 623927

E-mail: [email protected]: www.unep.org



For further details contact;

Dr. Timothy Foresman Dr. Sekou ToureDirector DirectorUNEP Division of Early Warning and Assessment (DEWA) UNEP Regional Office for AfricaP.O. Box 30522 P.O. Box 30552Nairobi, Kenya Nairobi, Kenya

Tel: 254 2 623231 Tel: 254 2 621234Fax: 254 2 623943 Fax: 254 2 623928



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INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTALINTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTALINTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTALINTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTALINTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENT REPORTING: AN UPDATEASSESSMENT REPORTING: AN UPDATEASSESSMENT REPORTING: AN UPDATEASSESSMENT REPORTING: AN UPDATEASSESSMENT REPORTING: AN UPDATE

A Report for the Special Session of the African Ministerial Conferenceon Environment (AMCEN)

Nairobi, Kenya16 October 2001

Funding The Governments of Denmark and Belgium and the UNEP Environment Fund have provided funding support for the

Africa Environment Outlook Process.



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This publication may be reproduced for educational purposes withoutspecial permission from UNEP, provided that acknowledgement of the

source is made. UNEP would appreciate receiving a copy of any publicationthat uses this publication as a source.

No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any othercommercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from theUnited Nations Environment Programme.

For bibliographic and reference purposes this publication should be referredto as: UNEP 2001. Africa Environment Outlook – Integrated EnvironmentalAssessment Reporting: An Update. Nairobi, Kenya.

This report is available from:Division of Early Warning and Assessment (DEWA)United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)P.O. Box 30552,Nairobi, Kenya

Tel: +(254-2) 623513 etc.

Fax: + (254-2) 624269/623513Email: [email protected]: http://www.unep.orgwww.unep.net

DISCLAIMERDISCLAIMERDISCLAIMERDISCLAIMERDISCLAIMER The views expressed in this publication are not necessarily those of UNEP orthe agencies cooperating in this project. The designations employed and thepresentations do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on thepart of cooperating agencies concerning the legal status of any country,

territory, city, or area of its authorities, or of the delineation of its frontiers orboundaries.

Mention of a commercial company or product in this report does not implyendorsement by the United Nations Environment Programme. The use of information from this publication concerning proprietary products forpublicity or advertising is not permitted.

Trademark names and symbols are used in an editorial fashion with nointention of infringement on trademark or copyright laws. We regret any errorsor omissions that may have been unwittingly made.

This report was prepared by;

Kagumaho Kakuyo, Africa Regional Coordinator, UNEP Division of EarlyWarning and Assessment, Nairobi

Thomas Fofung Tata, AEO Project Manager

Anna Ballance, Consultant, UNEP Division of Early Warning and Assessment,Nairobi

Jacquie Chenje, Programme Officer, UNEP Division of Early Warning andAssessment, Nairobi

Designed and printed by;Printing Section, Division of Conference Services,United Nations Office at Nairobi

© UNEP 2001ISBN: 92-807-2101-1



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United Nations EnvironmentProgramme Division of EarlyWarning and Assessment (UNEPDEWA) embarked on a process toproduce the Africa Environment Outlook report to be published inearly 2002.

Aims

The main purpose of the Africa Environment Outlook is to providecomprehensive, credibleenvironmental information in a waythat is relevant to policy making. Thestructure, which combinescomprehensive environmentalinformation with policy analysis,within an overall context of socio-economic conditions anddevelopment imperatives, is ideallysuited to this purpose.

The Africa Environment Outlook hasalso been designed to provide usefulinformation at a sub-regional leveland in specific cases, containsinformation relevant at a nationallevel. It provides recommendationsfor international cooperation andaction and can be used by sub-regional organisations and nationalenvironment departments indeveloping national policies andimplementing internationalagreements.

Africa Environment Outlook OverviewAfrica Environment Outlook OverviewAfrica Environment Outlook OverviewAfrica Environment Outlook OverviewAfrica Environment Outlook Overview

Introduction

T he Africa Environment Outlook report is the firstcomprehensive integrated

report on the state of the environmentabout the continent. It provides adetailed analysis of environmentalstatus and trends in Africa, integratedwith the impacts of policies, laws andregional agreements. The report alsoanalyses trends in humanvulnerability and security due toenvironmental changes; and proposesalternative policy options for thefuture. Concrete policy actions arerecommended for follow-up atnational, sub-regional and regionallevels.

Origins

The Eighth Session of the AfricanMinisterial Conference onEnvironment (AMCEN) which washeld in Abuja, Nigeria in April 2000approved AMCEN ’s medium-termaction programme, a key element of which was the production of theAfrica Environment Outlook report.

This decision was affirmed at theAMCEN Inter-sessional Committee,which met in Malmo, Sweden in May2000. In response to this, the AMCENSecretariat in collaboration with the

A Report for the SpecialSession of the AfricanMinisterial Conference onEnvironment (AMCEN)

Nairobi Kenya October

The AEO report responds directly to Agenda 21, Chapter 40, whichstates:

“While considerable data already exists, as the various sectoral chapters of Agenda 21indicate, more and different types of data need to be collected, at the local, provincial, national and international levels, indicating the status and trends of the planet ’ s ecosystem,natural resource, pollution and socio-economic variables. The gap inthe availability, quality, coherence, standardisation and accessibility of data between the developed and the developing world has beenincreasing, seriously impairing the capacities of countries to make informed decisions concerning environment and development.

There is a general lack of capacity, particularly in developing countries, and in many areas at the international level, for the collection and assessment of data, for their transformation into useful information, and their dissemination. There is also need for improved coordination among environmental, demographic, social and developmental data and information activities .”

The Africa Environment The Africa Environment The Africa Environment The Africa Environment The Africa Environment Outlook Outlook Outlook Outlook Outlook is the first attempt at a state of the

environment report covering the continentand therefore is asignificant milestone inharmonisation and dissemination of integrated environmental and socio economic dataand information



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Influence

The Africa Environment Outlook willprovide the awareness and stimulusfor action in the development of andresponses to MultilateralEnvironmental Agreements, regionalaction plans and sub-regional

cooperative arrangements. At thenational level, AEO aims to influencepolicies and strategies such asNational Environmental Action Plans,conservation strategies, andsustainable development strategies,and the establishment of environmental protection ormanagement authorities.

Target Audience

While the AEO is mainly targeted atAMCEN and its membergovernments, it is equally importantto the people of Africa and partners of the region in development. The reportwill appeal to various other Africanorganisations and institutions at theregional, sub-regional and nationallevels. These include bothinter-governmental and privateorganisations. It is critical touniversities, colleges and schools,professional and communityassociations, women ’s organisations,trade unions, private sector, and themedia. By providing such up-to-dateinformation on sustainabledevelopment in Africa and its sub-regions, the aim is to encourage theregion ’s various stakeholders to makeinformed decisions, and to actindividually, collectively and/ormultilaterally to put Africa on asustainable development path.

Significance of theReport

The AEO report is a unique report inseveral significant ways. It provides:

A detailed analysis of the stateand trends in majorenvironmental sectors sinceenvironment first came ontothe global agenda at the UNConference on the Human

Environment in Stockholm,Sweden in 1972.

A valuable opportunity forAMCEN to take stock of policy

performance and effectivenessin response to the observedstate, trends and impacts overthe same period and morespecifically since AMCEN waslaunched in 1985.

An opportunity for AMCEN tolook into the future and assess

the various policy options forpolicy consideration atnational, sub-regional andregional levels over the next 30years.

An opportunity to review andrecommend achievable actionsat national, sub-regional andregional levels and theirimplications forimplementation at these levels.

An opportunity for AMCEN toreview options for reorientationof its medium-term programmein light of the findings andrecommendations of the AEOreport. AMCEN may also wishto consider establishing andsupporting a comprehensiveprocess for regular reporting onthe state of the Africanenvironment.

Inputs to the World Summit onSustainable Development(WSSD) to be held in SouthAfrica in September, 2002.

Structure

The structure of the Africa Environment Outlook integratesenvironmental information withdevelopment priorities and policydevelopment and implementation.

This is set within the context of Africa ’s recent history, physicalcharacteristics, natural resource base,cultural diversity, economic potentialand progress, and governancesystems.

Retrospective analysis from 1972-2002 and outlook from 2002-2032provide an ideal setting for:

Assessment of environmentaltrends and human-environmentinteractions;

Monitoring of progress towardssustainable development;

Visualisation of alternativedevelopment paths;

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Demonstration of the impactsof decision-making; and

Providing recommendations toachieve development targets.

ContextContextContextContextContext The Africa Environment Outlook

begins with an overview of the historyof Africa, and the evolution of environmental awareness, integrationof environment and developmentissues, and milestones inenvironmental policy andmanagement, over the last 30 years.

This is provided in terms of a decade-by-decade analysis, reflecting bothAfrica ’s internal development and theglobal context.

SOE Policy RetrospectiveSOE Policy RetrospectiveSOE Policy RetrospectiveSOE Policy RetrospectiveSOE Policy RetrospectiveDetails are then given on the state of the environment, trends over the last30 years, the driving forces behindenvironmental change, and theresultant consequences for social andeconomic development.

VulnerabilityVulnerabilityVulnerabilityVulnerabilityVulnerability These consequences are presentedboth in terms of impacts onecosystems, and vulnerability of people in Africa to floods, droughts,pests and diseases.

The links between environmentalchange and poverty are explored andappropriate responses identified. Ananalysis of the historical and currentresponses to environmental changeand the impacts at regional, sub-regional, and national level arepresented, with an assessment of their

effectiveness.

OutlookOutlookOutlookOutlookOutlookBuilding on this analysis, a series of scenarios for the future are presented.

These illustrate science-basedalternative futures derived fromcurrent driving forces and elaborateemerging issues, thus providing astimulus for action by highlightingcritical intervention points. The Africa Environment Outlook concludes with

recommendations on the mostappropriate interventions at thesecritical points, with particularattention to policy and institutionalreform.

Synthesis and ActionSynthesis and ActionSynthesis and ActionSynthesis and ActionSynthesis and Action This chapter will be a synthesis of thevarious issues covered in the reportmaking recommendations on policyresponses critical to effectiveimplementation of a sustainable

environment and developmentagenda.

Source:UNEP

(GEO )

Goddard Space Flight Centre 2001. A Shadow of a Lake: Africa's Disappearing Lake Chad. GSFC on-line News Releases.

http://www.gsfc.nasa.gov/gsfc/earth/environ/lakechad/chad.htm

Lake Chad and



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Chapter Environment andDevelopment

Chapter outlineChapter outlineChapter outlineChapter outlineChapter outline

T his chapter gives an account,structured according todecades, of the social,

economic, and politicaldevelopments that have influencedattitudes, awareness, andmanagement of natural resources. Itcovers the struggle for democracy andeconomic growth in the post-colonialera, establishment of sub-regional andregional organisations, participationin global environmental anddevelopment fora, and constraints toAfrica ’s international competitiveness.Impacts of specific regional andglobal events are described toillustrate the background andpervading conditions facing Africancountries. Successes and failures of reforms and structural adjustmentprogrammes are outlined. Thepurpose of the chapter is not to assessthe specific environmental impacts of any of these individual events, butrather to set the scene and give anoverview of the evolution of environmental awareness andgovernance, amid a myriad socialand economic pressures. It also aimsto present the progress made in termsof political commitment to national,

regional, and internationalenvironmental agreements.

Summary of findingsSummary of findingsSummary of findingsSummary of findingsSummary of findings The paradigm of environmentalmanagement and cooperation inAfrica was initiated by theOrganisation of African Unity (OAU)which encouraged the conservationof natural resources, energy,environment and the control of hazardous wastes. The OAU Charter

also called for the coordination andintensification of efforts amongAfrican States to achieve a better lifefor the people of Africa. This and the

resulting 1968 Algiers Convention

were established well ahead of theglobal conference in Stockholm in1972, demonstrating the awareness of African governments, recognition of the need for regional cooperation,and willingness to find Africansolutions.

Despite significant and variedconstraints to implementation of theseplans, African nations committedthemselves to a range of multilateralenvironmental agreements and

established AMCEN in 1985 toprovide coordination and leadershipin regional environmental matters.

The United Nations Conference onthe Environment and Development(UNCED) in 1992 brought renewedvigour and focus to globalenvironmental management. Africancountries have formed partnershipsand alliances to effect policies andactions to meet the obligations of these agreements.

Chapter State of the Environmentand Policy Analysis

Chapter OutlineChapter OutlineChapter OutlineChapter OutlineChapter Outline This chapter is divided into sevenenvironmental themes, namelyatmosphere, biodiversity, coastal and marine areas, forests, freshwater, land,and urban areas . These themesprovide an overall framework forpresenting the most pressingenvironmental issues, such as landdegradation, forest and biodiversityloss, freshwater scarcity, climatechange and pollution. Where it ispractical, current environmentalconditions and trends are alsoquantified, and linkages betweenissues are formed. The causes of

environmental change are examined,particularly those related to policiesand governance, and the impacts of environmental change on ecosystem

AEO Contents and HighlightsAEO Contents and HighlightsAEO Contents and HighlightsAEO Contents and HighlightsAEO Contents and Highlights

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functioning, and social and economicdevelopment, are illustrated by meansof examples and case studies.Selected responses at the regional,sub-regional, and national level arepresented, with an overview of theireffectiveness or limitations.

Summary of findingsSummary of findingsSummary of findingsSummary of findingsSummary of findingsAfrica is extremely vulnerableto climate variability andclimate change. Whilecontributions to globalemissions of greenhouse gasesare on the whole negligible,with the exception of a fewcountries, activities such asdeforestation, inappropriatecoastal development, and poorland management contribute to

worsening the impact of drought, desertification,flooding, and sea level rise.

Urgent action is required todevelop alternative, clean, andrenewable sources of energy toavoid increasing greenhousegas emissions and to stem thewidespread deforestation. TheKyoto Protocol makesprovision for funding streamsto facilitate this.

Africa ’s biological resourcesare declining rapidly due tohabitat loss, over-harvesting of selected resources, and illegalactivities. Formal protection atthe national and internationallevel has been strengthenedover the last 30 years, butadditional measures arerequired, including additionalresearch and documentation,particularly of indigenous

knowledge, implementation of strategies for sustainableharvesting and trade, andwider involvement of stakeholders and benefitsharing.

Coastal and marine habitatsand resources are under threatfrom pollution, over-harvestingof resources, inappropriatedevelopment in the coastalzone, and poor inland landmanagement. Oil pollution isa major threat to resources,habitats, and economies along

the African coastline. Policiesand regulations for sustainablecoastal development and use of marine resources are in placebut require sustained resourcessuch as trained personnel,equipment, money, and moreeffective policing, monitoring,

administration andenforcement of punitive action.

Africa has the fastest rate of deforestation anywhere in theworld. In addition to ecologicalimpacts, local communities aresuffering from lost livelihoodsand in particular loss of vitalenergy sources. Politicalcommitment for protection of indigenous forests, sustainableharvesting practices, and

community ownership needstrengthening. Development of alternative energy sources is apriority.

Freshwater availability andquality are the two mostlimiting factors to developmentin Africa, constraining foodproduction and industrialactivities, and contributingsignificantly to the burden of disease.

Soil and vegetation resourcedegradation is largely a resultof increasing populationpressures, inequitable landaccess and tenure policies,poor land management, andwidespread poverty. The resultis declining agricultural yields,affecting economies and foodsecurity; desertification of aridareas, raising competition forremaining resources and

increased potential for conflict.Land tenure reform,international cooperation, andintegration of land resourcesmanagement with developmentgoals are required.

Although currently mostAfricans live in rural areas,rates of urbanisation are amongthe highest in the world. Pooreconomic growth and lowinvestment in infrastructure

leave provision of housing andbasic services in urban areaslagging far behind in-migration

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reduce recovery time,exacerbating the impacts of successive disasters on foodavailability, shelter, humanhealth, and economic security.

Widespread poverty and lowinvestment in infrastructuredevelopment place millions of

people at risk of the impacts of floods, droughts, and outbreaksof pests and diseases.

Social changes contribute torising vulnerability through lossof indigenous knowledge andtraditional methods of environmental managementand adaptation.

Africa has a rich and diversenatural and human resource

base from which to develop thenecessary means of mitigatingenvironmental change andimproving human security andwell being.

Informed, decisive interventionis required to break the cycle of poverty, vulnerability, anddependency, for Africa tocompete globally on equalterms.

Chapter Outlook: –

Chapter outlineChapter outlineChapter outlineChapter outlineChapter outline The chapter builds on the informationprovided in the state of environment,policy and socio-economicretrospective analyses, by firstidentifying the driving forces in eachof these areas that are likely to have

the most significant impact ondevelopment over the next 30 years.Four scenarios are constructed,presenting various environmental andsocial situations that are likely toresult from changes in these drivingforces in conjunction with alternativepolicy interventions. These scenariosare not predictions of the future, butaim to illustrate the range of possibleoutcomes, and the complexinteractions between currentenvironmental and developmentalconditions, existing driving forces,and management interventions. Thescenarios are quantitative and

rates, resulting in aproliferation of informalsettlements in urban Africa.

Human health is suffering dueto emissions from industries,transport, and domestic use of traditional fuels, as well as lackof sanitation and access to

potable water. Solid wastegeneration is escalating,contributing to water, air andsoil pollution. Many countrieshave implemented qualitystandards and pollutionabatement regulations.However, integrated planningand investment in infrastructuredevelopment are priorities forurban areas.

Chapter Environmental Changeand Human Vulnerability

Chapter outlineChapter outlineChapter outlineChapter outlineChapter outline This chapter highlights the impacts of environmental change on people ’slives, livelihoods, infrastructure,health, food security, and potential foreconomic development. It introducesthe concept of vulnerability and theuniqueness of Africa, discussingdifferent types of human vulnerabilityand trends over the last 30 years. Thechapter links environmental changewith social change and loss of traditional coping strategies. Casestudies are used to illustrate theimpacts of vulnerability andinsecurity of African countries tobreak the poverty cycle and meettheir social and economic

development targets. It concludeswith an assessment of existingstrategies to mitigate and cope withenvironmental change and highlightsthe enormous potential of Africancountries to become self-sufficient.

Summary of findingsSummary of findingsSummary of findingsSummary of findingsSummary of findingsGlobal environmental changeand poor management of resources are increasing thefrequency and intensity of natural disasters.Increasing frequency of disasters and limited resources

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qualitative evaluations of desirableand undesirable future trends. Theyprovide understanding of theinterplay of the driving forces thatmay shape environmental changewith effects on human vulnerabilityand sustainable livelihoods atnational, sub-regional, regional and

global levels. The chapter concludesby highlighting major “branch points ”for suitable policy interventions, andsetting the scene for more detailedrecommendations in Chapter 5.

Summary of findingsSummary of findingsSummary of findingsSummary of findingsSummary of findings The identified driving forces mostlikely to shape the future are:demographics, economics including poverty, social, culture, environment,technology and governance .

The Market Forces scenario presentsmarket-driven global development,leading towards a dominant western-style economy. The environmentalimpact of this style of development inAfrica will be a series of gainstempered by further environmentaland social problems, and continuedlow economic growth.

The Policy Reform scenario seespolicy adjustments steer marketforces towards poverty-reductiongoals. While more significant progressis made in terms of social andeconomic development, it is largely atthe cost of further exploitation of natural resources and environmentaldegradation.

The Fortress World scenario is afuture where socio-economic andenvironmental stresses mount, theworld descends towardsfragmentation, extreme inequality inpower and socio-economic statusexists, and widespread conflicts, bothwithin Africa and between Africa andother regions occur.

The Great Transitions scenariodescribes new developmentparadigms emerging in response tothe challenges of sustainability, newvalues, pluralism, and planetarysolidarity. As this new ethical code is

translated into policies that are in turnimplemented in an integrativefashion, social and political stabilitypermeate throughout Africa.Renewed ecosystem health andvitality ensure abundant resourcesand services, sustaining the lives andlivelihoods of new generations.

Chapter

Analysis and Action

The production process for Chapter 5will be initiated with the drafting of ashort paper summarising the mainfindings of chapters 1 to 4 focusingon policy issues and theirimplications in terms of follow-up andpossible implementation by national

institutions and sub-regionalorganisations. The paper is expectedto identify possible areas that requirefurther investigation and analysis witha view to soliciting responses,innovative ideas and suggestions thatneed to be translated into “positiveand realistic actions ”.

The draft paper will then serve as abasis for a detailed brainstormingworkshop of key experts whose aim isidentifying specific areas or aspects

that should be the focus of “achievable action items ” forrecommendation to policy officialsand to AMCEN as a continentalenvironmental body.

On the basis of the outcome of thekey experts workshop, UNEP willfacilitate the compilation of a draftChapter 5 which will then besubjected to a rigorous review processcomprising senior policy officialsfrom across Africa as well as members

of the Intersessional TechnicalCommittee of AMCEN. A revision of the draft will then be undertaken andwill incorporate comments and viewsfrom the review process.

The final version of the chapter willthen be integrated with the other fourchapters for a final review beforepublication.

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AEO – a user friendlyreport

Graphics, maps, andillustrations are used to supporttext and convey a morepowerful visual message.

In addition to a printed book,the Africa Environment Outlook will be available onCD-ROM.

Most sections give an overview

of the situation at a regionallevel and go on to highlightdifferences between sub-regions and eco-regions.

An integrated reportingapproach is used for theretrospective state of theenvironment and policyanalysis, which discussesindividual issues in terms of thecauses, trends, impacts, andexisting and recommended

responses. The scenarios for the future arewritten as narratives, and aredesigned to engage the readerby being plausible andcontextualised.

Implications for decision-making and policy areintegrated throughout the text.

AEO Products

The Africa Environment Outlook and related productswill be published in Englishand French.

A series of policy briefs will beproduced, focusing on differentelements of environmentalpolicy-making andmanagement.

Thematic extracts will also beavailable, giving details onspecific human-environmentinteractions, their causes andconsequences, and

recommendations for improved

integration in the developmentagenda.

Regular Updates of the fullreport and related products areenvisaged.

The Africa Environment Outlook initiative may beexpanded and established asan umbrella process for regularsub-regional, national and sub-national environmentalreporting, providingcoordination andharmonisation of reportingprocesses and products, andsynthesis of information.

A web site of the full report andrelated products will bemaintained and regularlyupdated.

The Process

Partnerships . The AEO report processhas been based on wide consultationand participation involving UNEPand various partners in the Africaregion. It therefore reflects a variety of sub-regional perspectives andpriorities. The AEO process involvessix collaborating centres (CCs)producing sub-regional state of theenvironment and policy retrospectivereports for Central Africa, EasternAfrica, Northern Africa, SouthernAfrica, Western Africa and theWestern Indian Ocean Islands. Thesecentres engaged individual andinstitutional experts at the nationaland sub-regional level to contributeto the various sections.

Consultants at regional level werethen brought into the process tointegrate the inputs and producedrafts of the various chapters.Consultations with regional experts,representatives of governments,NGOs and youth groups wereorganised to review and enhancevarious aspects of the report.

Internal and external experts from

An African Process and ProductAn African Process and ProductAn African Process and ProductAn African Process and ProductAn African Process and Product

© UNEP Representatives of collaborating centres and partners



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specialised organisations were alsoinvolved in the review process of thereport to ensure sub-regional balance,scientific credibility, andcomprehensiveness. They include;

The UN Economic Commission forAfrica (ECA), Africa DevelopmentBank (ADB), the Organisation of

African Unity (OAU), SouthernAfrican Development Community(SADC), Intergovernmental Authorityon Development (IGAD), EconomicCommunity of West African States(ECOWAS), Permanent InterstateCommittee for Drought Control in theSahel (CILSS), AMU and the IndianOcean Commission (IOC).

Sources of Information

In compiling the sub-regional inputs,national level information and datasources were used. These datasources were then compared andharmonised with data available fromregional sources such as the UN Foodand Agriculture Organisation (FAO),UN Development Programme(UNDP), Africa Development Bank(ADB), The World Bank, the WorldResources Institute and others. Ameeting of experts from the

collaborating centres took place toagree on harmonisation of

information and standardisation of data sources, to ensure consistency inthe report.

Capacity-building workshops havebeen organised at sub-regional levelfor national participnts on themethodologies of state of theenvironment/policy retrospective

reporting using the State, Pressure,Impacts and Responses (PSIR)framework, including methods of datacollection, analysis, anddissemination. The CCs and someregional experts were trained inscenario development and use aspolicy tools.

Progress

Sub-regional consultations

undertaken through the sixcollaborating centres inCentral, Eastern, Northern,Southern and Western Africaand the Western Indian OceanIslands.

Information and data gatheredand four Chapters written.

Materials produced for updateon progress of AEO process toAMCEN Meeting on 16October 2001.

Preparations underway for keyexperts meeting for Chapter 5to be held in 12-16 November,2001at UNEP.

Capacity Building Capacity Building Capacity Building Capacity Building Capacity BuildingThe AEO report process has successfully built capacity in state of the environment reporting policy analysis scenario development and integrated environmental reporting at nationalsub regional and regional levels inAfrica

SoE Reporting in AfricaSoE Reporting in AfricaSoE Reporting in AfricaSoE Reporting in AfricaSoE Reporting in Africa

SoE reports produced

Under Preparation

SoE Like reports

GEO derived SoE reports

SoE State of the Environment Reporting SoE State of the Environment Reporting SoE State of the Environment Reporting SoE State of the Environment Reporting SoE State of the Environment Reporting GEO Global Environment Outlook GEO Global Environment Outlook GEO Global Environment Outlook GEO Global Environment Outlook GEO Global Environment Outlook © UNEP



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At the AMCEN meeting to beheld at UNEP on October 16,2001 a proposal will be made

to the member governments to:

Endorse the recommendationthat UNEP, in collaborationwith members of the AMCENSecretariat and Delegation,develops a strategy forcontinuation, expansion, andformal establishment of the

Africa Environment Outlook process, as an umbrellaprogramme for regionalenvironmental reporting.

Endorse IntegratedEnvironmental Assessment(IEA) as the most effectiveframework for assessing andreporting on the state of theregional environment.

Support the adoption byAfrican countries of the IEAframework for reporting on thestate of the environment at sub-regional and national levels.

This programme would provideongoing support to AMCEN throughthe following means:

Expansion of the Africa Environment Outlook toinclude additional products.

Proposed Agenda for Future ActionProposed Agenda for Future ActionProposed Agenda for Future ActionProposed Agenda for Future ActionProposed Agenda for Future Action

Regular updating of the Africa

Environment Outlook andassociated products.

Establishment of environmentalinformation provision anddecision-support services to theAMCEN Secretariat and itsmembers, through UNEP, theglobal authority on theenvironment.

Harmonisation of sub-national,national and sub-regionalenvironmental information.

Standardisation andcoordination of environmentalreporting processes in Africa.

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International Trade

Market Access

Chapter 1: Integrating Environmentand Development (1972-2002) givesan overview of historical and currentopportunities and constraints tointernational African trade. Chapter 3:highlights some of the social,economic and environmentalproblems resulting from inequitabletrade and access to markets. Chapter5: outlines some options forcorrecting trade imbalances andmaximising new opportunities

Priority for WSSD Supporting Information in AEO

Chapter 2: State of theEnvironment and PolicyRetrospective (1972-2002)contains information on thecurrent state and trends, causesand impacts of environmentalchange in each of these areas;Atmosphere, Biodiversity, Coastaland Marine Areas, Forests,Freshwater, Land and UrbanAreas. Successes and failures inpolicies and management of these

resources are also documented

Natural Resource Management

Biodiversity

Climate Change

Coastal and Marine Ecosystems

Land Degradation andDesertification

Maritime and Industrial Pollution

Waste

Water

Energy

Chapter 3: Environmental Changeand Human Vulnerability illustratesthe consequences of environmentaland social change on lives,livelihoods, economic growth, foodsecurity, health, access to resourcesand empowerment, and conflicts/stability

Poverty

Health

Food Security

Conflicts

Peace, Security and Stability

Chapter 4: Outlook 2002-2032describes some possible policyoptions and their impacts underalternative developments of existingdriving forces

Chapter 5: Analysis and Actionmakes recommendations forenhancing governance anddevelopment, management of natural resources, and fundingmechanisms to facilitate theserecommendations.

Governance

International EnvironmentalGovernance

Financing SustainableDevelopment

Mobilisation of Resources

Regional Integration

Capacity Building and Technology Transfer

The findings of the AfricaAfricaAfricaAfricaAfricaEnvironment Outlook Environment Outlook Environment Outlook Environment Outlook Environment Outlook arewell aligned with thepriorities proposed through

the preparatory processes forthe World Summit onSustainable Development(WSSD) in Johannesburg inSeptember The AEOwill therefore providevaluable information andrecommendations for use indeveloping an Africancommon position as well asreference material formonitoring progress towards

targets set during theSummit The following tablelists the priorities identifiedthrough sub regionalmeetings of the WSSDpreparatory process and thelinkages with sections in theAEO

AEO Supports AMCEN Preparations for the World Summit on SustainableDevelopment (WSSD) Johannesburg South Africa September



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AFRICA COLLABORATING CENTRESAFRICA COLLABORATING CENTRESAFRICA COLLABORATING CENTRESAFRICA COLLABORATING CENTRESAFRICA COLLABORATING CENTRES

1. Mr. Ahmed ABDEL-REHIM

Senior Programme SpecialistCentre for Environment andDevelopment for theArab Region & Europe(CEDARE)2 El-Hegaz Street, CEDAREBuilding,P.O. Box 1057Heliopolis BaharyEgypt

Tel: 20-2-4513921/4513922/3/4Fax: 20-2- 4513918

Email: [email protected]

2. Mr. Abou BAMBACoordinatorNetwork for Environment andSustainableDevelopment in Africa(NESDA)24 CBP 95 Guschet AnnexBADAbidjan, Cote d ’Ivoire

Tel: 225 20 205 419225-03051414 (cell)Fax: 225 20 205 922Email: [email protected]/[email protected]

3. Mr. Clever MAFUTADeputy Head of ProgrammeSARDC-IMERCSA15 Downie Avenue, BelgraviaP.O. Box 5690Harare

Zimbabwe Tel: 263- 4- 720814Cell: 263-11-713701Fax: (263) 4 737301 / 738693E mail: [email protected]

4. Mr. Rajendranath MOHABEER

Charge de MissionSecretariat General de laCommission de l ’Ocean Indien(ioc)B.P. 7Q4, Avenue Sir Guy ForgetQuatre Bornes, Maurice

Tel: (230) 425 9564/ 4251652/ 427 2500Fax: (230) 425 2709E-mail:[email protected]

5. Mr. Leonard NTONGAMVONDOSociologist - Land ManagerResponsable ProgrammeRecherch éECOFAC – CamerounPoint Focal GEO en AfriqueCentraleADIE-PRGIEB.P. 13844

Yaounde, Cameroun

Tel: 237-20-94-72/784315Fax: 237-2094-72Email: [email protected]

6. Mr. Charles SEBUKEERANational EnvironmentManagement Authority (NEMA)P.O. Box 22255KAMPALAUganda

Tel: 006-41-251064/5/8

Fax: 006-41 257521/232680Email:[email protected]

africa environment outlook

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