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10

AFA – AGRICULTURAL CROPS PRODUCTION NC I (Agronomy)

Guided Learning Activity Kit Waste Management

Quarter 2 - Week 1

TLE-AFA–AGRICULTURAL CROPS PRODUCTION NC I (Agronomy) Grade 10 Guided Learning Activity Kit Waste Management Quarter 2 - Week 1 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education Region III Schools Division of Zambales Zone 6, Iba, Zambales Tel./Fax No. (047) 602 1391 E-mail Address: zambales@deped.gov.ph Website: www.depedzambales.ph

Development Team of the Activity Sheet

Writer: Realyn N. Elgincolin

Editor: Josephine N. Sales

Reviewer: Grace M. Echeche

Graphic Designer: Nycole Anne M. Moraña

Management Team: Leonardo D. Zapanta EdD, CESO V

Michelle Ablian-Mejica EdD

Manolito B. Basilio EdD

Jay D. Morados

Garry M. Achacoso

Rachelle C. Diviva

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Introduction

Nowadays, we are suffering environmental crisis such as global warming,

flash floods etc. One of the causes of these problems is the misbehavior of the people

towards waste management. Some people are reckless in throwing their garbage.

They do not think of the possible results of their actions on the environment as well

as on health.

In this guided learning activity kit, it will help you to improve your way of

thinking and understanding towards waste management.

Learning Competency

3.3 Maintain a clean and safe work site while undertaking field activities in

accordance with OHS procedures (TLE_AFAC9-12CW-IIa-e-3)

Objectives

At the end of this Guided Learning Activity Kit, you are expected to:

1. differentiate sources of waste;

2. be familiar with the different of waste management practices; and

3. appreciate the benefits of waste management.

Maintaining Waste Materials Management

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Review

Instruction: How will you learn in classifying waste found in your farm. Write

your answer in your notebook.

Here are sample found in our farm.

Metal Animal manure Grass Dried leaves

Plastic bottle Newspaper Glass Rice straw

Discussion

What is waste?

Waste is defined as unwanted and unusable materials and is regarded as a

substance which is of no use. Waste that we see in our surroundings is also known

as garbage. Garbage is mainly considered as a solid waste that includes wastes from

our houses (domestic waste), wastes from schools, offices, etc. (municipal wastes)

and wastes from industries and factories (industrial wastes).

Sources of Waste

Sources of waste can be broadly classified into four types: Industrial,

Commercial, Domestic, and Agricultural.

Figure 1

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Industrial Waste

These are the wastes created in factories and industries. Most industries

dump their wastes in rivers and seas which cause a lot of pollution.

Example: plastic, glass, etc.

Commercial Waste

Commercial wastes are produced in schools, colleges, shops, and offices.

Example: plastic, paper, etc.

Domestic Waste

The different household wastes which are collected during household

activities like cooking, cleaning, etc. are known as domestic wastes.

Example: leaves, vegetable peels, excreta, etc.

Agricultural Waste

Various wastes produced in the agricultural field are known as agricultural

wastes.

Example: cattle waste, weed, husk, rice straw, etc.

Types of Waste

Commonly waste is classified into two types: Biodegradable and Non-

biodegradable waste. These two kinds of wastes are explained below:

Figure 2

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Biodegradable waste

These are the wastes that come from our kitchen and it includes food remains,

garden waste, etc. Biodegradable waste is also known as moist waste. This can be

composted to obtain manure. Biodegradable wastes decompose themselves over a

period depending on the material.

Non-biodegradable waste

These are the wastes which include old newspapers, broken glass pieces,

plastics, etc. Non-biodegradable waste is known as dry waste. Dry wastes can be

recycled and can be reused. Non-biodegradable wastes do not decompose by

themselves and hence are major pollutants.

What is waste management?

Waste management is defined as the collection, transportation, and disposal

of garbage, sewage, and other waste. The process of waste management involves

treating the solid and liquid waste. During the treatment, it also offers a variety of

solutions for recycling items that are not categorized as trash.

The entire idea thus boils down to re-using garbage as a valuable resource

and given our current environment climate, this process is extremely vital for all

households and businesses.

Waste management or waste disposal is all the activities and actions required

to manage waste from its inception to its final disposal. This includes amongst other

things, collection, transport, treatment, and disposal of waste together with

monitoring and regulation. It also encompasses the legal and regulatory framework

that relates to waste management encompassing guidance on recycling.

8 Major Groups of Waste Management Methods

1. Reduce and Reuse

2. Animal feeding

3. Recycling

4. Composting

5. Fermentation

6. Landfill

7. Incineration

8. Land application

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The Benefits of Waste Management

1. Better Environment

Probably the biggest advantage of managing waste is that it eventually leads

to a better and fresher environment.

Waste disposal units also contribute to the well-being of people by helping

them become disease- free. The best part: all of this happens while the unnecessary

is duly disposed of in a proper and sanitary manner.

Multiple waste disposal units should be placed in tier-1 and tier-2 cities in a

bid to prep up the process of waste disposal. This will also help implement

remarkable safety measures in the long run.

2. Reduces Pollution

When waste is managed the right way, it doesn’t merely eliminate the

subsequent waste but also reduces the impact and the intensity of harmful

greenhouse gases like carbon-di-oxide, carbon mono-oxide, and methane that are

often exuded from accumulated wastes in landfills.

Managing waste reduces our reliance on landfills while also significantly

cutting down the many factors that adversely impact our environment.

3. Conserves Energy

Recycling is one of the biggest aspects of waste management, and over time,

it helps conserve energy. One of the biggest instances of this advantage can be traced

to the practice of recycling paper

All of us are probably aware that thousands of trees are cut to produce paper.

When a used paper is recycled to create new paper, the need of cutting trees is

significantly minimized. This helps conserve energy while also reducing your carbon

footprints.

4. Creates Employment

The recycling industry alone creates hundreds of jobs. As more people adopt

this eco-friendly practice, organizations creating and selling recycled products come

to the forefront. This helps boost their business while also creating hundreds of jobs.

5. Helps Make a Difference

By managing waste, you are also making a difference to the society and the

world in general. While none of us can completely get rid of garbage, we can always

adopt eco-friendly practices of reducing and reusing waste. This way, you create an

example for the people around you, who in turn are now motivated to embrace a

sustainable approach.

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Various Methods of Waste Disposal

Although there are many methods of disposing of waste, in this section let’s

take a look at some of the most commonly used methods that you should know about

waste management.

Landfills

Figure 3

Throwing daily waste/garbage in the landfills is the most popularly used

method of waste disposal used today. This process of waste disposal focuses

attention on burying the waste in the land. Landfills are commonly found in

developing countries. This process used to eliminate the odors and dangers of waste

before it is placed into the ground.

While it is true, this is the most popular form of waste disposal, it is certainly

far from the only procedure and one that may also bring with it an assortment of

space.

This method is becoming less these days although, thanks to the lack of space

available and the strong presence of methane and other landfill gases, both of which

can cause numerous contamination problems.

Landfills give rise to air and water pollution which severely affects the

environment and can prove fatal to the lives of humans and animals. Many areas

are reconsidering the use of landfills.

Incineration/ Combustion

Figure 4

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Incineration or combustion is a type disposal method in which municipal solid

wastes are burned at high temperatures. The process eventually converts them into

residues and gaseous products

The biggest advantage of this type of method is that it can be reduce the

volume of solid waste to 20 to 30 percent of the original volume. Additionally, it also

decreases the space they take up while also reducing the stress on landfills.

Incinerators are primarily used in thermal treatment where solid waste

materials are converted to heat, gas, stream, and ash.

Recovery and Recycling

Figure 5

Resource recovery is the process of taking useful discarded items for a specific

next use. These discarded items are then processed to extract or recover materials

and resources or convert them to energy in the form of useable heat, electricity, or

fuel.

Recycling is the process of converting waste products into new products to

prevent energy usage and consumption of fresh raw materials. Recycling is the third

component of REDUCE, REUSE and RECYCLE waste hierarchy.

The idea behind recycling is to reduce energy usage, reduce the volume of

landfills, reduce air and water pollution, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and

preserve natural resources for future use.

Plasma Gasification

Plasma gasification is another form of waste

management. It is primarily an electrically charged or

highly ionized gas. Lighting is one type of plasma that

produces temperatures that exceed 12,600 °F.

With this method of waste disposal, a vessel uses

characteristic plasma torches operating at +10,000 °F

which is creating a gasification zone till 3,000 °F for the

conversion of solid or liquid wastes into a syngas.

Figure 6

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During the treatment of solid waste by plasma gasification, the waste’s

molecular bonds are broken down because of the intense heat in the vessels and the

elemental components. Thanks to this process, the destruction of waste and

dangerous materials is found. This form of waste disposal provides renewable energy

and assortment of other fantastic benefits.

Composting

Composting is an easy and natural bio-

degradation process that takes organic wastes i.e.

remains of plants and garden and kitchen waste

and turns into nutrient-rich food for your plants.

Composting, normally used for organic

farming, occurs by allowing organic materials to

sit in one place for months until microbes

decompose it.

Note that composting is often deemed to be

one of the best methods of waste disposal as it can

turn unsafe organic products into safe compost.

The process, however, has its downsides. Some

people have found it to be slow, while others have

observed that it takes a lot of space.

But regardless of these issues, many people

are still embracing home composting approaches

to manage and reduce waste.

Waste to Energy (Recover Energy)

Waste-to-Energy also widely recognized by its acronym We is the generation

of energy in the form of heat, electricity, or fuel through a variety of processes. This

type of so energy is a renewable energy sources as non-recyclable waste can be used

repeatedly to create it. We can also help reduce carbon emissions by offsetting the

need for energy from fossil sources. Over time, this reduces global warming and

makes our environment better.

Special Waste Disposal

There are certain waste types that are considered hazardous and cannot be

disposed of without special handling which will prevent contamination from

occurring.

Biomedical waste is one example of such a waste disposal method. It is

primarily practiced in health care facilities and similar institutions. The special waste

disposal system effectively disposes of hazardous biomedical waste.

Figure 6

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Avoidance/ Waste Minimization

The easier method of waste management is to reduce the creation of waste

materials thereby reducing the amount of waste going to landfills. Waste reduction

can be done through recycling old materials like jar, bags, repairing broken items

instead of buying a new one avoiding the use of disposable products like plastic bags,

reusing second-hand item, and buying items that use less designing.

Farm Waste Management System and the Government Requirement

Legal Bases

Presidential Decree (PD) 1152, “the Philippine Environmental Code,” which

took effect in 1977, provides a basis for an integrated waste management regulation

starting from waste source to methods of disposal. PD 1152 has further mandated

specific guidelines to manage municipal wastes (solid and liquid), sanitary landfill

and incineration, and disposal sites in the Philippines. In 1990, the Philippine

Congress enacted the Toxic Substances, Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes Control Act,

commonly known as Republic Act (RA) 6969, a law designed to respond to increasing

problems associated with toxic chemicals and hazardous and nuclear wastes. RA

6969 mandates control and management of import, manufacture, process,

distribution, use, transport, treatment, and disposal of toxic substances and

hazardous and nuclear wastes in the country. The Act seeks to protect public health

and the environment from unreasonable risks posed by these substances in the

Philippines. Apart from the basic policy rules and regulations of RA 6969, hazardous

waste management must also comply with the requirements of other specific

environmental laws, such as PD 984 (Pollution Control Law), PD 1586

(Environmental Impact Assessment System Law), RA 8749 (Clean Air Act) and RA

9003 (Ecological Solid Waste Management Act) and their implementing rules and

regulations.

The Farm Waste Management Plan

The Farm Waste Management Plan must consider the collection, storage and

disposal of all farm wastes. Implementation of the plan will reduce the risk of

pollution and prevent the loss of valuable nutrients in slurry and farmyard manure.

The plan consists of two parts:

Part 1 – a completed Farm Waste Checklist for the farm. The purpose of the checklist

is to identify remedial works and changes in management practice that are required

to ensure a high standard of farm waste management.

Part 2 – a completed Farm Waste Location Plan. This plan is a copy of your farm

map showing areas of the farm that are suitable and unsuitable for spreading

agricultural wastes.

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Farm Waste Checklist with identified remedial works/changes in

management practice This is a record of the condition of farm waste facilities and

management practices as observed at the date of completion. Completion of the

checklist will enable you to audit your farmyard and farm to ensure that farm waste

management standards, including disposal of manures, silage effluent, waste

plastics, fallen animals and veterinary wastes are managed to a standard beyond

current legislation and Good Farming Practice. The checklist must be continually

kept under review and updated annually. Keep the whole farm free of rubbish, litter

and anything that would detract from the appearance of the countryside.

Farm Waste Location Plan A farm waste location plan is a copy of your farm map

color coded as follows:

BLUE - waterways including any on the farm boundary.

RED - areas where organic wastes should never be applied.

ORANGE - areas from which there is a high risk of pollution occurring (may be

part or whole fields). Farm wastes may be applied to these areas

at certain times of the year, but before spreading always

ensure that there is no risk of pollution occurring.

GREEN - all remaining areas. These can be used for spreading at any time of

the year when land and weather conditions are suitable.

WHITE - areas not normally used for spreading organic wastes and mark them

with an X.

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Activities

Guided Practice 1

Directions: What are the eight major groups of waste management methods? In your

own understanding explain each of them and write your answer in your notebook.

(Answer briefly. 10 points)

Guided Practice 2

Directions: Can you classify the different sources of waste? Which of these sources

of waste are applicable or usable in your community or in your home? Do they follow

or adapt the waste hierarchy or the 3R’s? (Answer briefly. 10 points)

Independent Practice

Do this activity!

Directions: Student will make a poster making related to waste management. Draw

it in a short bond paper. Your output will be graded by rubrics provided for you.

While performing the activity, it is important for you to assess your

performance following the criteria below:

Criteria Rating

20 15 10 5

Relevant to the topic

Originality

Cleanliness

Timeliness

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Assessment

Identification

Directions: Identify what is being described below. Write your answer on the space

provided before the number.

_____________1. This waste is produced in schools, colleges, shops, and offices.

_____________2. This waste produced in the agricultural field.

_____________3. This waste is collected during household activities like cooking,

cleaning, etc.

_____________4. Wastes created in factories and industries.

_____________5. What type of waste that come from our kitchen and it includes food

remains, garden waste and it can be composted to obtain manure?

_____________6. What type of waste is known as dry waste, these wastes do not

decompose by themselves and hence are major pollutants?

_____________7. It is defining as unwanted and unusable materials and regarded as

a substance which is of no use.

_____________8. It is defined as the collection, transportation and disposal of garbage,

sewage, and other waste.

_____________9. What Presidential Decree was providing a basis for an integrated

waste management regulation starting from waste source to

methods of disposal.

_____________10. It is a Republic Act which a law designed to respond to increasing

problems associated with toxic chemicals and hazardous and

nuclear wastes.

Reflection

Based on our lesson, we learned that waste management help to maintain

healthy environment for farm animals and can reduce the need for commercial

fertilizers while providing other nutrients needed for crop production. On your

notebook, write your new learning and realization to do the waste management safety

and successfully.

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References

Conserve-energy-future.com/waste-management-and-waste-disposal-method.ph

Byjus.com/chemistry/waste/

Good Nursery Practices; A Simple Guide, Nairobi Kenya, 2001, First Ed.

Health and Safety for Greenhouses and Nurseries. Horticultural Educ.,1986,

Manual on Nursery Practices, Forestry Project Dept., Keats C. Hall, 1984 2nd Edition

Prince Edward Island Farm Safety Code of Practice; 2001, First Ed.

Trees in Newcastle; Nursery Operations and Practices, Hustle Central Rivers, 1988,

Ist Ed.

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Key to Corrections

Assessment:

1. Commercial Waste

2. Agricultural Waste

3. Domestic Waste 4. Industrial Waste

5. Biodegradable Waste

6. Non-biodegradable Waste

7. Waste

8. Waste Management

9. PD 1152 10. RA 6969

Guided Practice 1

1. Reduce and Reuse

2. Animal feeding

3. Recycling

4. Composting

5. Fermentation

6. Landfill

7. Incineration

8. Land application

Guided Practice 2

-Answers may vary

Independent Practice

-Answers may vary

Acknowledgment

The Schools Division of Zambales would like to express its heartfelt gratitude to the

following, who in one way or the other, have contributed to the successful preparation,

development, quality assurance, printing, and distribution of the Quarter 2 Guided Learning

Activity Kits (GLAKs) in all learning areas across grade levels as a response to providing the

learners with developmentally-appropriate, contextualized and simplified learning resources

with most essential learning competencies (MELCs)-based activities anchored on the

principles of guided learning and explicit instruction:

First, the Learning Resources (LR) Development Team composed of the writers and

graphic artists for devoting much of their time and exhausting their best efforts to produce

these indispensable learning kits used for the implementation of learning delivery modalities.

Second, the content editors, language reviewers, and layout evaluators making up the

Division Quality Assurance Team (DQAT) for having carefully evaluated all GLAKs to ensure

quality and compliance to DepEd standards;

Third, the Provincial Government of Zambales, for unceasingly extending its financial

assistance to augment the funds for the printing of these learning resources for use by

learners and parents at home;

Fourth, the teacher-advisers and subject teachers, in close coordination with the

school heads, for their weekly distribution and retrieval of the GLAKs and for their frequent

monitoring of the learners’ progress through various means; and

Finally, the parents and other home learning facilitators for giving the learners the

needed guidance and support for them to possibly accomplish the tasks and for gradually

helping them become independent learners.

To deliver learning continuity in this challenging circumstance would not be possible

without your collective effort and strong commitment to serving our Zambaleño learners.

Again, our sincerest thanks!

The Management Team