aerobic respiration only occur in the presence of oxygen two stages krebs cycle electron...
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Aerobic Respiration
Only occur in the presence of oxygen
Two stages Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain with chemiosmosis
Prokaryotes Occur in cytosol
Eukaryotes Occur in mitochondria
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Aerobic Respiration After glycolysis, pyruvic
acids are produced
Pyruvic acid moves inside mitochondria into mitochondrial matrix (space between two membranes)
Pyruvic acid + CoA Acetyl CoA + CO2
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The Krebs Cycle Acetyl CoA CO2 + H + ATP
The H produced reduce NAD+ NADH
Five steps in the Krebs Cycle Occurs in mitochondrial matrix
Citric Acid is made in Step 1 therefore this is also called the Citric Acid cycle
Net ATP produced is 2 ATP
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Krebs Cycle - Step 1
Acetyl CoA + oxaloacetic acid Citric Acid
This step releases CoA back into the mitochondrial matrix for pyruvic acid to be fixed again
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Krebs Cycle – Step 2
Citric acid releases CO2 and H
Becomes a 5-carbon compound
The H released, reduces the NAD+ to NADH
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Krebs Cycle – Step 3
Five carbon compound releases another CO2 and H
Becomes a 4 carbon compound
Another NAD+ is reduced to NADH
Produces an ATP
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Krebs Cycle – Step 4 4 carbon compound releases H atom
This time, FAD is reduced to FADH2
Similar molecule to NAD+
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Krebs Cycle – Step 5 4 carbon compound releases H atom
Reduces NAD+ to NADH
This reaction regenerates initial oxaloacetic acid
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Electron Transport Chain
Uses the high-energy e- from the Krebs Cycle to convert ADP to ATP
Total net ATP produced is 34!!
Prokaryotes Occurs on cell membrane of organism
Eukaryotes Occurs in the mitochondria
membrane called cristae
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ETC – Step 1
NADH & FADH2 are used to power this chain of reactions
NADH & FADH2 are oxidized (lose e-) to the electron transport chain Also donate H atoms
NADH NAD+
FADH2 FAD+
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ETC – Step 2 Electrons from NADH & FADH2 are passed down
chain Lose some energy each time passed on
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ETC – Step 3 Lost energy from e- transferring down the chain
pump protons (H+)
This creates high conc. of H+ between inner and outer membranes Creates a concentration gradient & electrical
gradient since H+ are positive
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ETC – Step 4 Concentration & electrical gradient in
membranes produce ATP molecules by chemiosmosis
ATP synthase is protein embedded in membrane that pumps protons out and creates ATP
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ETC – Step 5 The electrons move to final acceptor down the
chain Oxygen is the final acceptor
Oxygen also accepts protons provided by NADH & FADH2
The protons, electrons, and oxygen all combine to produce H2O
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Importance of Oxygen The only way to produce ATP is by the movement
of electrons in the ETC Oxygen is the final acceptor
Without oxygen, the ETC would halt
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Efficiency of Aerobic Respiration Glycolysis = 2 ATP
Krebs Cycle = 2 ATP
ETC = 34 ATP
Total = 38 ATP!!
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Efficiency Equation
Depends on conditions of the cell
How ATP are transported
Cellular respiration is 20 times more efficient than glycolysis
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Summary Cellular respiration
Glycolysis Glucose pyruvic acid + ATP + NADH
Aerobic respiration
Pyruvic acid CO2 + H2O + ATP
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Energy & Exercise
Quick energy – Lactic Acid fermentation is used to get quick energy and gives off lactic acid as a by product, thus the muscle pain.
Long-Term Energy – Use cellular respiration to produce energy. Exercising or activities that last for at least 15 to 20 minutes. Best form for weight control.
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Comparing Photosynthesis & Respiration
Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration
Function Energy Storage Energy Release
Location Chloroplasts Mitochondria
Reactants CO2 and H2O C6H12O6 and O2
Products C6H12O6 and O2 CO2 and H2O
Equation 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2
C6H12O6 + 6O2
6CO2 + 6H2O