Advancing Culture of Living with Landslides

Matjaž Mikoš • Binod TiwariYueping Yin • Kyoji SassaEditors

Advancing Culture of Livingwith LandslidesVolume 2 Advances in Landslide Science

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EditorsMatjaž MikošFaculty of Civil and Geodetic EngineeringUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia

Binod TiwariCivil and Environmental EngineeringDepartment

California State University, FullertonFullerton, CAUSA

Yueping YinChina Institute of Geo-EnvironmentMonitoring

China Geological SurveyBeijingChina

Kyoji SassaInternational Consortium on LandslidesKyotoJapan

Associate editorsMateja Jemec AufličGeological Survey of SloveniaLjubljanaSlovenia

Adrin TohariResearch Center for GeotechnologyIndonesian Institute of SciencesBandungIndonesia

Basanta Raj AdhikariCenter for Disaster StudiesTribhuvan University, Institute ofEngineering

PulchowkNepal

Beena AjmeraCalifornia State UniversityFullerton, CAUSA

Snježana Mihalić ArbanasFaculty of Mining, Geology and PetroleumEngineering

University of ZagrebZagrebCroatia

ISBN 978-3-319-53497-8 ISBN 978-3-319-53498-5 (eBook)DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-53498-5

Library of Congress Control Number: 2017939909

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Foreword By Irina Bokova

Every year, disasters induced by natural hazards affect millions of people across the world.The loss of life is tragic, impacting on communities for the long term.

The costs are also economic, as disasters are responsible for estimated annual economiclosses of around USD 300 billion. With the rising pressures of climate change, overpopulation,and urbanization, we can expect costs to increase ever more.

We cannot prevent disasters but we can prepare for them better. This is the importanceof the International Consortium on Landslides, supported actively by UNESCO, to advanceresearch and build capacities for mitigating the risks of landslides. Led by Prof. Kyoji Sassa,the Consortium has become a success story of international scientific cooperation at a timewhen this has never been so vital.

This is especially important as the world implements the 2030 Agenda for SustainableDevelopment and the Paris Agreement on Climate Change, as well as the Sendai Frameworkfor Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030—adopted in Sendai, Japan, to assess global progresson disaster risk reduction and set the priority actions.

The International Strategy for Disaster Risk Reduction—International Consortium onLandslides Sendai Partnerships 2015–2025 is the key outcome relating to landslides from the3rd World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction, held in Sendai. On this basis, everymember of the International Consortium of Landslides is redoubling efforts to understand,foresee, and reduce landslide disaster risk across the world.

Led by the Consortium, the Landslide Forum is a triennial milestone event that bringstogether scientists, engineers, practitioners, and policy makers from across the world—allworking in the area of landslide technology, landslide disaster investigation, and landslideremediation. Meeting in Slovenia, the 4th Landslide Forum will explore the theme, “LandslideResearch and Risk Reduction for Advancing Culture of Living with Natural Hazards”,focusing on the multidisciplinary implementation of the Sendai Framework to build a globalculture of resilient communities.

Against this backdrop, this report includes state-of-the-art research on landslides, inte-grating knowledge on multiple aspects of such hazards and highlighting good practices andrecommendations on reducing risks. Today, more than ever, we need sharper research andstronger scientific cooperation. In this spirit, I thank all of the contributors to this publicationand I pledge UNESCO’s continuing support to deepening partnerships for innovation andresilience in societies across the world.

v

January 2017 Irina BokovaDirector General of UNESCO

vi Foreword By Irina Bokova

Foreword By Robert Glasser

Landslides are a serious geological hazard. Among the host of natural triggers are intenserainfall, flooding, earthquakes or volcanic eruption, and coastal erosion caused by storms thatare all too often tied to the El Niño phenomenon. Human triggers including deforestation,irrigation or pipe leakage, and mining spoil piles, or stream and ocean current alteration canalso spark landslides.

Landslides occur worldwide but certain regions are particularly susceptible. The UN’s Foodand Agriculture Organization underlines that steep terrain, vulnerable soils, heavy rainfall, andearthquake activity make large parts of Asia highly susceptible to landslides. Other hotspotsinclude Central, South, and Northwestern America.

Landslides have devastating impact. They can generate tsunamis, for example. They canbring high economic costs, although estimating losses is difficult, particularly so when itcomes to indirect losses. The latter are often confused with losses due to earthquakes orflooding.

Globally, landslides cause hundreds of billions of dollars in damages and hundreds ofthousands of deaths and injuries each year. In the US alone, it has been estimated thatlandslides cause in excess of US$1 billion in damages on average per year, though that isconsidered a conservative figure and the real level could be at least double.

Given this, it is important to understand the science of landslides: why they occur, whatfactors trigger them, the geology associated with them, and where they are likely to happen.

Geological investigations, good engineering practices, and effective enforcement of landuse management regulations can reduce landslide hazards. Early warning systems can also bevery effective, with the integration between ground-based and satellite data in landslidemapping essential to identify landslide-prone areas.

Given that human activities can be a contributing factor in causing landslides, there are ahost of measures that can help to reduce risks, and losses if they do occur. Methods to avoid ormitigate landslides range from better building codes and standards in engineering of newconstruction and infrastructure, to better land use and proper planned alteration of drainagepatterns, as well as tackling lingering risks on old landslide sites.

Understanding the interrelationships between earth surface processes, ecological systems,and human activities is the key to reducing landslides disaster risks.

The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, a 15-year international agreementadopted in March 2015, calls for more dedicated action on tackling underlying disaster riskdrivers. It points to factors such as the consequences of poverty and inequality, climate changeand variability, unplanned and rapid urbanization, poor land management, and compoundingfactors such as demographic change, weak institutional arrangements, and non-risk-informedpolicies. It also flags a lack of regulation and incentives for private disaster risk reductioninvestment, complex supply chains, limited availability of technology, and unsustainable usesof natural resources, declining ecosystems, pandemics and epidemics.

The Sendai Framework also calls for better risk-informed sectoral laws and regulations,including those addressing land use and urban planning, building codes, environmental and

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resource management and health and safety standards, and underlines that they should beupdated, where needed, to ensure an adequate focus on disaster risk management.

The UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR) has an important role in reinforcinga culture of prevention and preparedness in relevant stakeholders. This is done by supportingthe development of standards by experts and technical organizations, advocacy initiatives, andthe dissemination of disaster risk information, policies, and practices. UNISDR also provideseducation and training on disaster risk reduction through affiliated organizations, and supportscountries, including through national platforms for disaster risk reduction or their equivalent,in the development of national plans and monitoring trends and patterns in disaster risk, loss,and impacts.

The International Consortium on Landslides (ICL) hosts the Sendai Partnerships 2015–2025 for the global promotion of understanding and reducing landslide disaster risk. This ispart of 2015–2025, a voluntary commitment made at the Third UN World Conference onDisaster Risk Reduction, held in 2015 in Sendai, Japan, where the international communityadopted the Sendai Framework.

The Sendai Partnerships will help to provide practical solutions and tools, education andcapacity building, and communication and public outreach to reduce landslides risks. As such,they will contribute to the implementation of the goals and targets of the Sendai Framework,particularly on understanding disaster risks including vulnerability and exposure to integratedlandslide-tsunami risk.

The work done by the Sendai Partnerships can be of value to many stakeholders includingcivil protection, planning, development and transportation authorities, utility managers, agri-cultural and forest agencies, and the scientific community.

UNISDR fully support the work of the Sendai Partnerships and the community of practiceon landslides risks, and welcomes the 4th World Landslide Forum to be held in 2017 inSlovenia, which aims to strengthen intergovernmental networks and the international pro-gramme on landslides.

Robert GlasserSpecial Representative of the Secretary-General

for Disaster Risk Reduction and head of UNISDR

viii Foreword By Robert Glasser

Preface

Landslides are among the global natural disasters that occur frequently and cause billions ofdollars of property damage and kill thousands of people each year. Continuous efforts, in thepast few decades, of scientists, engineers, and researchers from other pertinent areas havesignificantly increased our capacity on characterization, monitoring, analyzing and preventinglandslide hazards. With the development of better technology and numerical analysis tools,our efforts in minimizing the effect of landslide hazards have substantially been enhanced inrecent years. Moreover, the global platforms to frequently share the scientific knowledge ofindividuals and organizations working on landslide hazard mitigation have helped us learnlessons from the past to work collectively on creating safer living environment. As anexample, International Consortium on Landslides (ICL) has played a significant role inbringing those scientists, individuals and organizations together to work towards a commongoal of landslide hazard mitigation, through the development of global network on landslidestudies, international program on landslides as well as world center of excellence; publicationof the full color journal “Landslides”, landslides interactive teaching tools; development of aninteractive website for the world landslide report; and organizing yearly symposiums as wellthe World Landslide Forum every three years.

With the global coordination efforts and development of better research methods as well asstudy tools, there has been a significant advancement in landslide science, specifically in thearea of landslide monitoring, robust landslide hazard analysis methods, laboratory and fieldinvestigation techniques, numerical and physical modeling, accurate field recognition tech-niques, and landslide prediction. This volume of the proceedings of the World LandslideForum 4 compiles results of the studies conducted all over the world pertinent to theadvancement of landslide science. Specifically, papers on landslide hazard and inventory mapsfrom dozens of countries have been included that were developed using very simple toextremely sophisticated tools. Articles in this volume also include integration of precise andstate-of-the-art sensors and pertinent tools such as UAVs and laser scanners to monitorlandslides and enhance the landslide database. Likewise, recent developments on geophysicalsurveys, field investigation techniques, monitoring devices, small to medium scale laboratoryexperiments, and laboratory techniques available globally, included in the volume, provide aninternational outlook on the recent development of investigation methods. A few dozenpapers, included in this volume, also help us understand how, in the recent years, we haveadvanced the physical and numerical analysis techniques pertinent to landslides, specificallywith the development of hydrological, mechanical, and dynamic interfaces to predict landslideand debris flow movement. Moreover, over sixty articles, presented in part two of this volume,

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include sophisticated to simple methods developed in recent years for landslide hazard, riskassessment, and prediction. Landslide hazard maps and inventories, developed from all overthe world and included in this volume, help to understand the extent and characteristics of thelandslide problems faced globally and learn lessons from past disasters to develop resilientcommunities in future.

Ljubljana, Slovenia Matjaž MikošCA, USA Binod TiwariBeijing, China Yueping YinKyoto, Japan Kyoji Sassa

x Preface

Organizers

International Consortium on Landslides (ICL)

International Programme on Landslides (IPL)

University of Ljubljana

Geological Survey of Slovenia (GeoZS)

xi

Co-organizers

Republic of Slovenia Ministry of the Environment and Spatial Planning

Republic of Slovenia Ministry of Infrastructure

Slovenian National Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction

Slovenian Chamber of Engineers (IZS)

• Društvo Slovenski komite mednarodnega združenja hidrogeologov (SKIAH)—InternationalAssociation of Hydrogeologists Slovene Committee (SKIAH)

• Društvo vodarjev Slovenije (DVS)—Water Management Society of Slovenia (DVS)• Geomorfološko društvo Slovenije (GDS)—Geomorphological Association of Slovenia

(GDS)• Inštitut za vode Republike Slovenije (IzVRS)—Institute of Water of the Republic of

Slovenia (IzVRS)• Slovensko geološko društvo (SGD)—Slovenian Geological Society (SGD)• Slovensko geotehniško društvo (SloGeD)—Slovenian Geotechnical Society (SloGeD)• Slovenski nacionalni odbor programa IHP UNESCO (SNC IHP)—Slovenian National

Committee for IHP (SNC IHP)• Slovensko združenje za geodezijo in geofiziko (SZGG)—Slovenian Association of

Geodesy and Geophysics (SZGG)

xii Organizers

Organizing Committee

Honorary Chairpersons

Borut Pahor, President of the Republic of Slovenia*Irina Bokova, Director General of UNESCORobert Glasser, Special Representative of the United Nations Secretary-General for DisasterRisk Reduction*José Graziano Da Silva, Director General of FAO*Petteri Talaas, Secretary General of WMODavid Malone, Rector of UNUGordon McBean, President of ICSUToshimitsu Komatsu, Vice President of WFEORoland Oberhaensli, President of IUGSAlik Ismail-Zadeh, Secretary General of IUGGHisayoshi Kato, Director General for Disaster Management, Cabinet Office, Government ofJapanKanji Matsumuro, Director, Office for Disaster Reduction Research, Ministry of Education,Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Government of JapanFabrizio Curcio, Head, National Civil Protection Department, Italian Presidency of theCouncil of Ministers, Government of ItalyJadran Perinić, Director General, National Protection and Research Directorate, Republic ofCroatiaTakashi Onishi, President of Science Council of JapanJuichi Yamagiwa, President of Kyoto UniversityIvan Svetlik, Rector of University of Ljubljana, SloveniaWalter Ammann, President/CEO, Global Risk Forum DavosNote: Honorary chairpersons are Leaders of signatory organizations of the ISDR-ICL SendaiPartnerships. * to be confirmed.

Chairpersons

Matjaž Mikoš, Chairman, Slovenian National Platform for Disaster Risk ReductionYueping Yin, President, International Consortium on LandslidesKyoji Sassa, Executive Director, International Consortium on Landslides

International Scientific Committee

Che Hassandi Abdulah, Public Works Department of Malaysia, MalaysiaBiljana Abolmasov, University of Belgrade, SerbiaBasanta Raj Adhikari, Tribhuvan University, NepalBeena Ajmera, California State University, Fullerton, USAIrasema Alcántara Ayala, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, MexicoGuillermo Avila Alvarez, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, ColombiaŽeljko Arbanas, University of Rijeka, CroatiaBehzad Ataie-Ashtiani Sharif, University of Technology, IranMateja Jemec Auflič, Geological Survey of Slovenia, SloveniaYong Baek, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, KoreaLidia Elizabeth Torres Bernhard, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, HondurasMatteo Berti, University of Bologna, Italy

Organizers xiii

Netra Prakash Bhandary, Ehime University, JapanHe Bin, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ChinaPeter Bobrowsky, Geological Survey of Canada, CanadaGiovanna Capparelli, University of Calabria, ItalyRaul Carreno, Grudec Ayar, PeruNicola Casagli, University of Florence, ItalyFilippo Catani, University of Florence, ItalyByung-Gon Chae, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, KoreaBuhm-Soo Chang, Korea Infrastructure Safety and Technology Corporation, KoreaGiovanni Battista Crosta, University of Milano Bicocca, ItalySabatino Cuomo, University of Salerno, ItalyA.A. Virajh Dias, Central Engineering Consultancy Bureau, Sri LankaTom Dijkstra, British Geological Survey, UKFrancisco Dourado, University of Rio de Janeiro State, BrasilErik Eberhardt, University of British Columbia, CanadaLuis Eveline, Universidad Politécnica de Ingeniería, HondurasTeuku Faisal Fathani, University of Gadjah Mada, IndonesiaPaolo Frattini, University of Milano Bicocca, ItalyHiroshi Fukuoka Niigata, University, JapanRok Gašparič, Ecetera, SloveniaYing Guo, Northeast Forestry University, ChinaFausto Guzzetti, National Research Council, ItalyJavier Hervas, ISPRA, Italy/EUDaisuke Higaki, Japan Landslide Society, JapanArne Hodalič, National Geographic Slovenija, SloveniaJan Hradecký, University of Ostrava, Czech RepublicJohannes Hübl, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, AustriaOldrich Hungr, University of British Columbia, CanadaSangjun Im, Korean Society of Forest Engineering, KoreaMichael Jaboyedoff, University of Lausanne, SwitzerlandJernej Jež, Geological Survey of Slovenia, SloveniaPavle Kalinić, City of Zagreb, CroatiaBjørn Kalsnes, Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, NorwayDwikorita Karnawati, University of Gadjah Mada, IndonesiaAsiri Karunawardana, National Building Research Organization, Sri LankaRalf Katzenbach, Technische Universitaet Darmstadt, GermanyNguyen Xuan Khang, Institute of Transport Science and Technology, VietnamKyongha Kim, National Institute of Forest Science, KoreaDalia Kirschbaum, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USAJan Klimeš, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech RepublicMarko Komac, University of Ljubljana, SloveniaKazuo Konagai, University of Tokyo, JapanHasan Kulici, Albanian Geological Survey, AlbaniaSantosh Kumar, National Institute of Disaster Management, IndiaSimon Loew, ETH Zürich, SwitzerlandJean-Philippe Malet, Université de Strasbourg, FranceClaudio Margottini, ISPRA, ItalySnježana Mihalić Arbanas, University of Zagreb, CroatiaGabriele Scarascia Mugnozza, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, ItalyChyi-Tyi Lee, National Central University, Chinese TaipeiLiang-Jeng Leu, National Taiwan University, Chinese TaipeiKo-Fei Liu, National Taiwan University, Chinese Taipei

xiv Organizers

Janko Logar, University of Ljubljana, SloveniaPing Lu, Tongji University, ChinaJuan Carlos Loaiza, ColombiaMauri McSaveney, GNS Science, New ZealandMatjaž Mikoš, University of Ljubljana, SloveniaAshaari Mohamad, Public Works Department of Malaysia, MalaysiaHirotaka Ochiai, Forest and Forest Product Research Institute, JapanIgwe Ogbonnaya, University of Nigeria, NigeriaTomáš Pánek, University of Ostrava, Czech RepublicMario Parise, National Research Council, ItalyHyuck-Jin Park, Sejong University, KoreaCui Peng, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ChinaLuciano Picarelli, Second University of Naples, ItalyTomislav Popit, University of Ljubljana, SloveniaSaowanee Prachansri, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, ThailandBoštjan Pulko, University of Ljubljana, SloveniaPaulus P. Rahardjo Parahyangan Catholic University, IndonesiaBichit Rattakul Asian Disaster Preparedness Center, ThailandK.L.S. Sahabandu, Central Engineering Consultancy Bureau, Sri LankaKyoji Sassa, International Consortium on Landslides, JapanWei Shan, Northeast Forestry University, ChinaZ. Shoaei, Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute, IranMandira Shrestha, International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, NepalPaolo Simonini, University of Padua, ItalyJosef Stemberk, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech RepublicAlexander Strom, JSC “Hydroproject Institute”, Russian FederationS.H. Tabatabaei, Building & Housing Research Center, IranKaoru Takara, Kyoto University, JapanDangsheng Tian, Bureau of Land and Resources of Xi’an, ChinaBinod Tiwari, California State University, Fullerton & Tribhuvan University, USAVeronica Tofani, University of Florence, ItalyAdrin Tohari, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, IndonesiaOleksandr M. Trofymchuk, Institute of Telecommunication and Global Information Space,UkraineEmil Tsereteli, National Environmental Agency of Georgia, GeorgiaTaro Uchimura, University of Tokyo, JapanTran Tan Van, Vietnam Institute of Geosciences and Mineral Resources, VietnamTimotej Verbovšek, University of Ljubljana, SloveniaPasquale Versace, University of Calabria, ItalyVít Vilímek, Charles University, Czech RepublicJán Vlčko, Comenius University, Slovak RepublicKaixi Xue, East China University of Technology, ChinaYueping Yin, China Geological Survey, ChinaAkihiko Wakai, Japan Landslide Society, JapanFawu Wang, Shimane University, JapanGonghui Wang, Kyoto University, JapanHuabin Wang, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, ChinaJanusz Wasowski, National Research Council, ItalyPatrick Wassmer, Université Paris 1, FranceMike Winter, Transport Research Laboratory, UKSabid Zekan, University of Tuzla, Bosnia and HerzegovinaOleg Zerkal, Moscow State University, Russian FederationYe-Ming Zhang, China Geological Survey, China

Organizers xv

Local Organizing Committee

Biljana Abolmasov, Faculty of Mining and Geology, University of Belgrade, SerbiaŽeljko Arbanas, Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Rijeka, CroatiaMiloš Bavec, Geological Survey of SloveniaNejc Bezak, Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of LjubljanaMitja Brilly, Slovenian National Committee for IHPDarko But, Administration for Civil Protection and Disaster Relief, Ministry of Defence of theRepublic of SloveniaLidija Globevnik, Water Management Society of SloveniaArne Hodalič, National Geographic SloveniaMateja Jemec Auflič, Geological Survey of SloveniaJernej Jež, Geological Survey of SloveniaVojkan Jovičić, Slovenian Geotechnical SocietyRobert Klinc, Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of LjubljanaJanko Logar, Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of LjubljanaMatej Maček, Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of LjubljanaSnježana Mihalić Arbanas, Faculty of Mining, Geology and Petroleum Engineering,University of Zagreb, CroatiaMatjaž Mikoš, Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of LjubljanaZlatko Mikulič, International Association of Hydrogeologists Slovene CommitteeGašper Mrak, Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of LjubljanaMario Panizza, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, ItalyAlessandro Pasuto, National Research Council, Padua, ItalyAna Petkovšek, Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of LjubljanaTomislav Popit, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of LjubljanaBoštjan Pulko, Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of LjubljanaJože Rakovec, Slovenian Association of Geodesy and GeophysicsČrtomir Remec, Slovenian Chamber of EngineersMauro Soldati, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, ItalyTimotej Verbovšek, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of LjubljanaSabid Zekan, Faculty of Mining, Geology and Civil Engineering, University of Tuzla, Bosniaand Herzegovina

xvi Organizers

Contents

Introduction: Advances in Landslide Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Binod Tiwari

Landslides Triggered by Earthquakes from 1920 to 2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Binod Tiwari and Beena Ajmera

Stress Testing Framework for Managing Landslide Risks UnderExtreme Storms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Limin M. Zhang, Liang Gao, Shengyang Y. Zhou, Raymond W.M. Cheung,and Suzanne Lacasse

Part I Landslide Field Recognition and Identification: Remote SensingTechniques and Field Techniques

Introduction: Landslide Field Recognition and Identification:Remote Sensing Techniques and Field Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35Mateja Jemec Auflič

Landslide Inventory Map of Albania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39Olgert Jaupaj, Mentor Lamaj, Hasan Kulici, Mimoza Jusufati, Edlira Plaku,and Ilmi Gjeta

Multi-sensor a Priori PSI Visibility Map for Nationwide LandslideDetection in Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Filippo Vecchiotti, Dario Peduto, and Tazio Strozzi

Determination of the Landslide Slip Surface Using Electrical ResistivityTomography (ERT) Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53Asriza, Supriyanto, T.H.W. Kristyanto, T.L. Indra, R. Syahputra, and A.S. Tempessy

Combining Spectral and Morphometric Properties of Landslidesfor Separating Individual Landslides Based on Object-Oriented Method . . . . . .. . . . . . 61Qigen Lin, Zhenhua Zou, Le Lin, and Ying Wang

Sensor Data Integration for Landslide Monitoring—the LEMONADEConcept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71Romy Schlögel, Benni Thiebes, Isabella Toschi, Thomas Zieher,Mehdi Darvishi, and Christian Kofler

Landslide Diversity in the Rwenzori Mountains (Uganda) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Liesbet Jacobs, Olivier Dewitte, Clovis Kabaseke, François Kervyn, Jan Maes,Kewan Mertens, Adriano Nobile, John Sekajugo, Jean Poesen, Denis Samyn,and Matthieu Kervyn

Comparing Landslide Mapping from DTM Satellite Derived Dataand Field Based Studies of Loess Sediments in Western China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87Philip Leopold, Wang Tao, Roland Perko, Gerhard Heiss, Martin Jung,Armin Oblin, and Yongshuang Zhang

xvii

Mechanism of the Montescaglioso Landslide (Southern Italy)Inferred by Geological Survey and Remote Sensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97Francesca Bozzano, Paolo Caporossi, Carlo Esposito, Salvatore Martino,Paolo Mazzanti, Serena Moretto, Gabriele Scarascia Mugnozza,and Antonio Michele Rizzo

Rock Fall Characterization in Climbing Spots: The Case Studyof the “Napoleonica” Tourist Route (Trieste, NE Italy) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107Chiara Boccali, Sara Biolchi, Enrico Zavagno, and Luca Zini

Rock Avalanche Sedimentology—Recent Progress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117Anja Dufresne

Landslide Monitoring at the Cala Rossa Sea Cliff(Favignana Island, Sicily) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123L. Falconi, R. Iannucci, S. Martino, A. Paciello, A. Screpanti, and V. Verrubbi

Integration of Multi-sensor A-DInSAR Data for Landslide Inventory Update . . . .. . . . 133Roberta Bonì, Massimiliano Bordoni, Claudia Meisina, Alessio Colombo,and Luca Lanteri

Spatiotemporal Landslide Mapper for Large Areas Using Optical SatelliteTime Series Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143Robert Behling and Sigrid Roessner

Multitemporal UAV Survey for Mass Movement Detection and Monitoring . . . . .. . . . 153Luca Tanteri, Guglielmo Rossi, Veronica Tofani, Pietro Vannocci, Sandro Moretti,and Nicola Casagli

Studying a Landslide in Its Paroxysmal Phase; the Reactivationof the Sebrango Landslide (Spain), June 2013 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163A. González-Díez, V.M. Bruschi, J. Sánchez, J. Bonachea, J.R. Díaz de Terán,J. Remondo, G. Fernández, P. Martínez, M. Zarroca, R. Linares, V. Rodríguez,E. San Millán, A. Cendrero, S. Hoyos, and S. Martín

Mapping Rapid-Moving Landslide with Satellite SAR Images:The Case of Montescaglioso (South Italy) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171Federico Raspini, Andrea Ciampalini, Sara Del Conte, Luca Lombardi,Massimiliano Nocentini, Giovanni Gigli, Alessandro Ferretti, and Nicola Casagli

Combining Terrestrial and Waterborne Geophysical Surveys to Investigatethe Internal Composition and Structure of a Very Slow-Moving LandslideNear Ashcroft, British Columbia, Canada. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179David Huntley, Peter Bobrowsky, and Melvyn Best

Using Lidar DEM to Map Landslides: Škofjeloško Cerkljansko Hills,Slovenia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191Erazem Dolžan and Mateja Jemec Auflič

Using the Intensity Values from Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) forDetermining Lithology of Flysch Rock Mass in Southwest Slovenia . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 201Tina Živec, Andreja Anžur, and Timotej Verbovšek

Multi-temporal Landslide Evaluation by Using UAV: Some Insightson Disaster Risk in Teziutlán, Puebla México . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209Ricardo J. Garnica-Peña and Irasema Alcántara-Ayala

xviii Contents

The Differential Slow Moving Dynamic of a Complex Landslide:Multi-sensor Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219Gerardo Herrera, Juan Carlos García López-Davalillo, Jose Anto-nio Fernández-Merodo, Marta Béjar-Pizarro, Paolo Allasia, Piernicola Lollino,Giorgio Lollino, Fausto Guzzetti, Maria Inmaculada Álvarez-Fernández,Andrea Manconi, Javier Duro, Ciscu Sánchez, and Rubén Iglesias

Erosion Processes and Mass Movements in Sinkholes Assessedby Terrestrial Structure from Motion Photogrammetry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227Helene Petschko, Jason Goetz, Max Böttner, Maximilian Firla, and Sven Schmidt

Method of Estimating Slope Movement Area Using DInSAR Analysis . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 237Joko Kamiyama, Masaru Kunitomo, Masayuki Sakagami, Ikushi Hirata,Kazuo Yoshikawa, and Daisuke Nishikawa

Detection and Monitoring of Slow Landslides Using Sentinel-1 Multi-temporalInterferometry Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249Janusz Wasowski, Fabio Bovenga, Raffaele Nutricato, Davide Oscar Nitti,and Maria Teresa Chiaradia

Part II Landslide Investigation: Field Investigations and LaboratoryTesting

Summary of Papers in Session 2—Landslide Investigation:Field Investigations, Laboratory Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259Beena Ajmera

A Case Study of Deep-Seated Dukati Landslide, Vlore, Albania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261Hasan Kuliçi, Mentor Lamaj, Zenel Hysa, and Olgert Jaupaj

Integrated Geological-Geophysical Models of Unstable Slopesin Seismic Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269Anne-Sophie Mreyen, Mihai Micu, Alexandru Onaca, Philippe Cerfontaine,and Hans-Balder Havenith

Landslide Investigation of a Residential Area in Göynüklü Village,Bursa (Turkey) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281Tamer Topal, Müge Akin, and Vedat Doyuran

Pechgraben Landslide: Evaluation of Geophysical/Geotechnical Methodsin Terms of Remediation Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289David Ottowitz, Birgit Jochum, Stefan Pfeiler, Stefanie Gruber, Robert Supper,and Jung-Ho Kim

Groundwater Flow Behavior at Landslide Area in CrystallineSchist Mountains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301Gen Furuya, Akira Suemine, Jun’ya Honda, Gonghui Wang, and Mamoru Inoue

Groundwater Flow Characterization Using Different Hydraulic Methodsin Large and Deep Earth-Slide Rich in Clay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309Francesco Ronchetti, Leonardo Piccinini, Manuela Deiana, Paolo Fabbri,and Alessandro Corsini

Understanding of Landslide Movement at Bumi Waluya Railway Station,Garut, Indonesia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319Adrin Tohari, Keigo Koizumi, Arifan Jaya Syahbana, and Kazuhiro Oda

Stability Analysis of Potential Rock Slides in El Rincón Cliff(GC-2 Highway, Gran Canaria, Spain) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329Martín Jesús Rodríguez-Peces, Jorge Yepes, and Moisés Martín-Betancor

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H/V Technique for the Rapid Detection of Landslide Slip Surface(s):Assessment of the Optimized Measurements Spatial Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335Veronica Pazzi, Luca Tanteri, Gabriele Bicocchi, Andrea Caselli,Michele D’Ambrosio, and Riccardo Fanti

Applicability of DIKW Model on Research of Landslides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345Amer Džindo

The Application of ERT for the Geometrical Analysis of the SebrangoLandslide, (Cantabrian Range, Spain) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349A. González-Díez, M. Zarroca, R. Linares, V.M. Bruschi, J. Bonachea,J.R. Díaz de Terán, J. Remondo, G. Fernández, P. Martínez,J. Sánchez, and S. Martín

Understanding Debris Flow Characteristics Using Flume Experiments . . . . . .. . . . . . . 357Sangjun Im, Song Eu, and Dongyeob Kim

Slope Stability Investigation of Chandmari in Sikkim, Northeastern India . . . . .. . . . . 363Thambidurai. P and Maneesha Vinodini Ramesh

High Performance Heterogeneous Data Storage System for High FrequencySensor Data in a Landslide Laboratory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371Guntha Ramesh, Hariharan Balaji, and T. Hemalatha

Soil Characterization for Landslide Forecasting Models: A Case Studyin the Northern Apennines (Central Italy) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381Veronica Tofani, Gabriele Bicocchi, Guglielmo Rossi, Michele D’Ambrosio,Filippo Catani, and Nicola Casagli

Experimental Study of the Premonitory Factors for Internal Erosionand Piping Failure of Landslide Dams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389Austin Chukwueloka-Udechukwu Okeke, Fawu Wang, Yohei Kuwada,and Yasuhiro Mitani

Influences of Rheometer Size and the Grain Size on Rheological Parametersof Debris Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399Matej Maček, Jasna Smolar, and Ana Petkovšek

Slope Stability Hazard Assessment Using 3D Remote Sensing and FieldSketching Techniques Along Sohag-Red Sea-Cairo Highway, Egypt. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 407Bosy A. El-Haddad, Ahmed M. Youssef, Abdel-Hamid El-Shater,and Mohamed H. El-Khashab

Kinematic Analysis of a Rock Slope at Strecno Castle (Slovakia) Basedon the Processing of the Point Cloud Generated by UAV Photogrammetry . . . . .. . . . . 419Vladimir Greif and Jan Vlcko

Geological Assessment and Physical Model of Complex Landslides:Integration of Different Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431Davide Brambilla, Vladislav Ivov Ivanov, Laura Longoni, Diego Arosio,and Monica Papini

Landslide Risk Analysis and Assessment for Urbanized Territories . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 439Valentina Svalova

Effect of Wetting-Drying Cycles on Shear Strength of the Clayey Soilsin the Three Gorges Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447Baoping Wen, Hui Li, and Boxun Ji

Geotechnical Assessment of Potential Mass Movement Occurrencein a Zone at Risk Around Yaoundé-Cameroon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455Williams Mukenga, Hans-Balder Havenith, Robert Medjo Eko, and Roger Bissaya

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Evolution of Pajonales Landslide (Tirajana Depression, Gran Canaria):A Case of Advancing Landslide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465Martín Jesús Rodríguez-Peces, Jorge Yepes, Cristina Fonollá, Alejandro Lomoschitz,and Meaza Tsige

Sediment Transport Along Earth Flows: Intermittent CascadeEffect Between Kinematic Zones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471Luigi Guerriero, Lara Bertello, Nestor Cardozo, Matteo Berti, Gerardo Grelle,and Paola Revellino

Onshore Record of Ancient Landslides in Taganana(Tenerife, Canary Islands) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481Jorge Yepes, Martín Jesús Rodríguez-Peces, and Cándida García-González

Part III Landslide Modeling: Landslide Mechanics and Simulation Models

Introduction: Landslide Modelling: Landslide Mechanicsand Simulation Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491Adrin Tohari

Understanding and Modelling a Highly Ductile 25+ Years OldActive-Passive Landslide at Ok Tedi Mine in Papua New Guinea . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495Neil Bar and Norbert Baczynski

Increasing Fatal Landslides in Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505Ubydul Haque, Paula F. da Silva, Juneseok Lee, Susanne Benz,Mateja Jemec Auflič, and Philipp Blum

Propagation Modeling and Inverse Analysis of a Landslide in Hong Kong . . . . .. . . . . 513Sabatino Cuomo, Michele Calvello, and Pooyan Ghasemi

Factors Influencing Rainfall-Induced Slope Failures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523Binod Tiwari, Beena Ajmera, Mohammed Khalid, and Rosalie Chavez

Stability of Red-Clay Slopes Subjected to Different Durations of Rainfall . . . . .. . . . . 533Kaixi Xue, Binod Tiwari, Beena Ajmera, and Yanxiang Hu

Back-Analysis of an Artificially Triggered Landslide: A Case Studyin Northern Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541Alex Sanzeni, Tiziano Cancelli, Marco Peli, Stefano Barontini,and Francesco Colleselli

Numerical Modelling of Hydrological Parameters for an EnhancedInterpretation of ERT Monitoring Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551Stefan Hoyer, David Ottowitz, Birgit Jochum, Stefan Pfeiler, Robert Supper,and Jung-Ho Kim

Numerical Evaluation of 2D Versus 3D Simulations for Seismic SlopeStability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557Fernando Della Pasqua, Rafael Benites, Chris Massey, and Mauri MacSaveney

Process Chain Modelling with r.avaflow: Lessons Learned for Multi-hazardAnalysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565Martin Mergili, Jan-Thomas Fischer, and Shiva P. Pudasaini

A Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Study of an Experimental Debris Flow . . . .. . . . 573Caitlin Chalk, Manuel Pastor, Duncan Borman, Andrew Sleigh, Jeff Peakall,William Murphy, and Raul Fuentes

Simulation Model to Predict Landslide Speed Using Velocity-DependentViscous Damping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579Eisaku Hamasaki, Hideaki Marui, and Gen Furuya

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Influence of Ice Content on the Run-Out of Rock-Ice Avalanches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587Qingqing Yang, Zhiman Su, Zhihao Li, and Hongwei Liu

The Effect of the Front Inclination on the Impact Forces Transmittedby Granular Flows to Rigid Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 593Francesca Ceccato, Paolo Simonini, Claudio di Prisco, and Irene Redaelli

Modeling Debris Flows in Anomalous Basin-Fan Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 601Erika de Finis, Paola Gattinoni, Lorenzo Marchi, and Laura Scesi

Insights from LS-RAPID Modeling of Montaguto Earthflow (Italy) . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 611Sabatino Cuomo, Vincenzo De Chiara, Sanja Dugonjić Jovančević, Martina VivodaProdan, and Željko Arbanas

Parametric Analysis of Weathering Effect on Possible Reactivationof the Valići Landslide, Croatia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 621Martina Vivoda Prodan and Željko Arbanas

Review on Types of Root Failures in Shallow Landslides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 633Ana Sofia Dias, Marianna Pirone, and Gianfranco Urciuoli

Review on the Methods for Evaluation of Root Reinforcement in ShallowLandslides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 641Ana Sofia Dias, Marianna Pirone, and Gianfranco Urciuoli

Preliminary Investigations and Numerical Simulations of a LandslideReactivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 649Željko Arbanas, Snježana Mihalić Arbanas, Martina Vivoda Prodan, Josip Peranić,Marin Sečanj, Sanja Bernat Gazibara, and Martin Krkač

Investigation on the Hydraulic Parameters Affecting Shallow LandslideTriggering in a Pyroclastic Slope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 659Roberto Greco, Luca Comegna, Emilia Damiano, and Andrea Guida

Analysis of Failure Mechanism of Slopes with a HorizontalWeak Intercalation Under Earthquakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 669Zhenlin Chen and Nanqi Huang

Stochastic Investigation of the Feasibility of Using Remotely SensedMoisture Data for Rainfall Induced Landslide Hazard Assessment . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 679Thilanki Dahigamuwa and Manjriker Gunaratne

Part IV Landslide Hazard, Risk Assessment and Prediction: LandslideInventories and Susceptibilty, Hazard Mapping Methodsand Damage Potential

Summary of Papers in Session 2.4—Landslide Hazard, Risk Assessment andPrediction: Landslide Inventories and Susceptibility, Hazard Mapping Methods,Damage Potential—Part 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 691Basanta Raj Adhikari

Landslide Hazard, Risk Assessment and Prediction: Landslide Inventoriesand Susceptibility, Hazard Mapping Methods, Damage Potential—Part 2 . . . . . .. . . . . 695Snježana Mihalić Arbanas

Reservoir Landslides and Its Hazard Effects for the Hydropower Station:A Case Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 699Jia-wen Zhou, Peng-yuan Lu, and Yu-chuan Yang

Delineation of Endangered Areas in a Slowly Moving Landslideby the Pressure Probe Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707Sándor Szalai, Viktor Wesztergom, and Kitti Szokoli

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Rainfall-Induced Large-Scale Landslide Hazard Zonation in Taiwan. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 719Yuan-Jung Tsai, Wen-Chi Lai, Teng-Chieh Hsu, Chjeng-Lun Shieh,and Hsiao-Yu Huang

A New Approach to Assess the Stability of Rock Slopes and IdentifyImpending Failure Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 733Tommaso Carlà, Emanuele Intrieri, Paolo Farina, and Nicola Casagli

Deterministic and Probabilistic Slope Stability Models Forecast Performanceat � 1:5000-Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 741Jorge P. Galve, Carlotta Bartelletti, Davide Notti, Francisca Fernández-Chacón,Michele Barsanti, José Miguel Azañón, Vicente Pérez-Peña, Roberto Giannecchini,Giacomo D’Amato Avanzi, Yuri Galanti, Francisco J. Lamas,and Rosa María Mateos

GIS-Based Deterministic and Statistical Modelling of Rainfall-InducedLandslides: A Comparative Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 749Carlotta Bartelletti, Jorge Pedro Galve Arnedo, Michele Barsanti,Roberto Giannecchini, Giacomo D’Amato Avanzi, Yuri Galanti, Andrea Cevasco,José Miguel Azañón, and Rosa María Mateos

Remarks on the Role of Landslide Inventories in the Statistical MethodsUsed for the Landslide Susceptibility Assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 759Maria Giuseppina Persichillo, Massimiliano Bordoni, Claudia Meisina,Carlotta Bartelletti, Roberto Giannecchini, Giacomo D’Amato Avanzi, Yuri Galanti,Michele Barsanti, Andrea Cevasco, Pierluigi Brandolini, and Jorge Pedro Galve

Deep-Seated Landslide Mapping and Geomorphic CharacteristicUsing High Resolution DTM in Northern Taiwan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 767Ching-Fang Lee, Wei-Kai Huang, Chuen-Ming Huang, and Chung-Chi Chi

Modern Map of Landslide Hazard for Sulukta Town and Its AgglomerationArea, South-West Mountainous Margins of the Fergana Basin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 779Abdybachaev Ulan, Moldobekov Bolot, and Ormukov Cholponbek

Investigation and Assessment Plan at the Xinzhuang Potential Large-ScaleLandslide in Southern Taiwan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 785Ming-Chien Chung, Chien-Hsin Chen, Chih-Hao Tan, Ching-Fang Lee,and Wei-Kai Huang

An Overview of Recent Developments in Landslide VulnerabilityAssessment-Presentation of a New Conceptual Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 795Aditi Singh, Shilpa Pal, Debi Prasanna Kanungo, and Naveen Pareek

The Challenge of “Trivial Areas” in Statistical Landslide SusceptibilityModelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 803Stefan Steger and Thomas Glade

Geotechnical Zoning for Urban Planning in Developing Countries(Duhok Governatorate, Iraq) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 809Laura Melelli, Luciano Faralli, Nello Gasparri, Riccardo Piccioni,and Luca Domenico Venanti

Landslides Induced by the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 819Binod Tiwari, Beena Ajmera, Smriti Dhital, and Nagendra Raj Sitoula

The SAMCO Web-Platform for Resilience Assessment in MountainousValleys Impacted by Landslide Risks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 829Gilles Grandjean, Loïc Thomas, Séverine Bernardie, and The SAMCO Team

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Built-Up Area Exposure to Landslides and Related Social Impactsin Molise (Italy) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 837Luca Pisano, Veronica Zumpano, Vittoria Dragone, and Mario Parise

Distribution Characteristics of Mass Movements in the Upper BhoteKoshi Watershed Before and After the Gorkha Earthquakeand Their Susceptibility Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 847Amar Deep Regmi, Cui Peng, and Megh Raj Dhital

Estimation of Landslides Activities Evolution Due to Land–Useand Climate Change in a Pyrenean Valley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 859Séverine Bernardie, Rosalie Vandromme, Apolline Mariotti, Thomas Houet,Marine Grémont, Gilles Grandjean, Isabelle Bouroullec, and Yannick Thiery

Generating Application-Orientated Susceptibility Maps for ShallowLandslides Understandable to the General Public . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 869Leonhard Schwarz and Nils Tilch

A New Statistical Approach for Landslide Susceptibility Assessmentin the Urban Area of Napoli (Italy) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 881Francesco Carotenuto, Anna Claudia Angrisani, Akram Bakthiari,Maria Teresa Carratù, Diego Di Martire, Giovanni Francesco Finicelli,Pasquale Raia, and Domenico Calcaterra

The Role of ICGC on Urban and Territorial Planning:The Geological Hazard in Catalonia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 891Jordi Marturià, Marta Gonzalez, Jordi Pinyol, Marcel Barbera, and Pere Buxó

Analysis of Building Vulnerability to Slow-Moving Landslides via A-DInSARand Damage Survey Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 899Gianfranco Nicodemo, Dario Peduto, Settimio Ferlisi, Giovanni Gullà,Luigi Borrelli, Gianfranco Fornaro, and Diego Reale

Landslide Susceptibility Analysis in Arandu Area Shigar Valley, CKNP(Gilgit-Baltistan-Pakistan) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 909Chiara Calligaris, Shahina Tariq, Hawas Khan, and Giorgio Poretti

Landslide Susceptibility Assessment by EPBM (Expert Physically Based Model):Strategy of Calibration in Complex Environment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 917Yannick Thiery, Rosalie Vandromme, Olivier Maquaire,and Séverine Bernardie

Selecting the Most Appropriate Route for Tehran-Shomal Freeway(Northern Iran) Based on Landslide Susceptibility Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 927Mohammad Madankan, Jafar Hassanpour, and Akbar Cheshomi

Common Patterns Among Different Landslide Susceptibility Modelsof the Same Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 937Chyi-Tyi Lee and Chih-Chung Chung

Landslide Susceptibility Mapping at National Scale: A First Attemptfor Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 943Pedro Lima, Stefan Steger, Thomas Glade, Nils Tilch, Leonhard Schwarz,and Arben Kociu

Risk Assessment of Earthquake-Induced Landslides in Urban Zones . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 953Johnny Alexander Vega and Cesar Augusto Hidalgo

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How to Improve the Accuracy of Landslide Susceptibility MapsUsing PSInSAR Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 965Andrea Ciampalini, Federico Raspini, Daniela Lagomarsino, Filippo Catani,and Nicola Casagli

Creation of a National Landslide Domain Map to Aid Susceptibility Mappingin Great Britain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 973Claire Dashwood, Catherine Pennington, Emma Bee, Katy Freeborough,and Tom Dijkstra

Landslide Hazard Scenarios Based on Both Past Landslides and Precipitation . . .. . . 981Juan Remondo, Jaime Bonachea, Victoria Rivas, Javier Sánchez-Espeso,Viola Bruschi, Antonio Cendrero, José Ramón Díaz de Terán,Gema Fernández-Maroto, José Gómez-Arozamena, Alberto González-Díez,and Carlos Sainz

Management of Landslides in Small Settlements in Slovenia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 989Bojana Božiček and Eva Koren

The Difference in the Landslide Information by the Difference BetweenGeographical Features and Geological Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 999Shoji Doshida

Observation and Mapping of Complex Landslides Using Field Investigationand Remote Sensed Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1007Kuo-Lung Wang, Yo-Ming Hsieh, Meei-Ling Lin, Jun-Tin Lin, and Yi-Hsuan Lee

The Hydrological Disasters Through Historical Survey in the Serrado Mar Range, Southern Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1017Jefferson Picanço, Maria José Mesquita, and Luiz Felipe Soares

Landslide Hazard and Risk Assessment Lanzhou, Province Gansu,China—Project Introduction and Outlook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1027Tingshan Tian, Dirk Balzer, Lichao Wang, Jewgenij Torizin, Liqin Wan,Xianglong Li, Liang, Chen, Ang Li, Dirk Kuhn, Michael Fuchs, Thomas Lege,and Bin Tong

Regional Landslide Susceptibility Analysis Following the 2015Nepal Earthquake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1035Andrea Valagussa, Paolo Frattini, Giovanni B. Crosta, Elena Valbuzzi,and Stefano Gambini

Comparing the Performance of a Logistic Regression and a RandomForest Model in Landslide Susceptibility Assessments. the Case of WuyaunArea, China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1043Haoyuan Hong, Paraskevas Tsangaratos, Ioanna Ilia, Wei Chen, and Chong Xu

Forecasting the Hydrogeological Hazard in the Anomalous Basin-Fan Systemof Sernio (Northern Italy) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1051De Finis Erika, Gattinoni Paola, and Scesi Laur

Landslide Risk Analysis Incorporated to the Land-Use Legislationin Colombia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1061Guillermo Ávila and María del Pilar Guzmán

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Integration of Geohazards into Urban and Land-Use Planning. Towards aLandslide Directive. The EuroGeoSurveys Questionnaire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1067Rosa María Mateos, Gerardo Herrera, Juan Carlos García-Davalillo,Gilles Grandjean, Eleftheria Poyiadji, Raluca Maftei, Tatiana-Constantina Filipciuc,Mateja Jemec Auflič, Jernej Jez, Laszlo Podolszki, Alessandro Trigila,Valerio Comerci, Hugo Raetzo, Arben Kociu, Maria Przyłucka, Marcin Kułak,Izabela Laskowicz, Michael Sheehy, Veronika Kopackova, Michaela Frei,Dirk Kuhn, John F. Dehls, Reginald L. Hermanns, Niki Koulermou, Colby A. Smith,Mats Engdahl, Pere Buxó Pagespetit, Marta González, Vanessa Banks,Claire Dashwood, Helen Reeves, Francesca Cigna, Pavel Liščák, Vidas Mikulėnas,Vedad Demir, Margus Raha, Lidia Quental, Daniel Oliveira,Ruben Dias, and Cvjetko Sandić

Multifractal Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Distributions of Landslidesin Colombia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1073Estefanía Muñoz, Germán Poveda, Andrés Ochoa,and Humberto Caballero

Landslide Susceptibility Mapping and Comparison Using Frequency Ratioand Analytical Hierarchy Process in Part of NH-58, Uttarakhand, India . . . . . .. . . . . . 1081Ramesh Veerappan, Ankur Negi, and Anbazhagan Siddan

Identification and Mapping of Shallow Landslides in the City of Zagreb(Croatia) Using the LiDAR–Based Terrain Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1093Sanja Bernat Gazibara, Martin Krkač, Marin Sečanj,and Snježana Mihalić Arbanas

A GIS-Based Landslide Hazard Mapping in the City of Constantine,Northeast Algeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1101Hamid Bourenane, Mohamed Said Guettouche, Youcef Bouhadad,and Massinissa Braham

Analysis and Mapping the Landslide Hazard in Bulgaria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1111Plamen Ivanov, Boyko Berov, Nikolai Dobrev, Radoslav Varbanov,Miroslav Krastanov, and Georgi Frangov

Identification of Landslides as Debris Flow Sources Using a Multi-modelApproach Based on a Field Survey—Koroška Bela, Slovenia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1119Jošt Sodnik, Špela Kumelj, Tina Peternel, Jernej Jež, and Matej Maček

A Web-Based Inventory of Landslides Occurred in Italyin the Period 2012–2015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1127Elena Innocenzi, Luca Greggio, Paolo Frattini, and Mattia de Amicis

Comparing Patterns of Spatial Relationships for Susceptibility Predictionof Landslide Occurrences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1135Andrea G. Fabbri, Angelo Cavallin, Antonio Patera, Laura Sangalli,and Chang-Jo Chung

Landslide Risk Evaluation in Central Provinces of Vietnam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1145Le Hong Luong, Toyohiko Miyagi, Phan Van Tien, Doan Huy Loi, Hamasaki Eisaku,and Shinro Abe

Natural Hazards and Disaster Risk in One Belt One Road Corridors . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 1155Cui Peng, Amar Deep Regmi, Zou Qiang, Lei Yu, Chen Xiaoqing,and Cheng Deqiang

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Mechanisms for Secondary Slope Failure in Slope Having Failed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1165Kiminori Araiba and Shoji Doshida

Tailings Dam Stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1173Bjørn Kalsnes, Hans Petter Jostad, Farrokh Nadim, Audun Hauge,Angèle Dutra, and Arnaldo Muxfeldt

Landslide Technology and Engineering in Support of Landslide Science . . . . . . . . 1181Kyoji Sassa

ICL Structure Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1191

Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1193

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