advanced topics: work breakdown structure (wbs) · advanced topics: work breakdown structure ......

Eric PlumerSam Toas

Advanced Topics: Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)

ICEAA 2017 Advanced TrainingTrack

June 6-9 2017Portland, Oregon

Presented at the 2017 ICEAA Professional Development & Training Workshop www.iceaaonline.com/portland2017

Overview

Background– History– Purpose Development Process

– Standards / Guides– Challenges Terminology Common Elements Consistency Time WBS Dictionary Real Life WBS Example

Wrap Up


History

History: – PERT (late 50s)– MIL-STD-881 (1968)– MIL-STD-881a (1973)– PMI / PMBoK (1987) – MIL-STD-881b (1993)– MIL-HBK-881 (1998)– MIL-HBK-881a (2005)– MIL-STD-881c (2011)

Drivers…– Established w. C/SCSC (EVMS)– Updated WBS requirements– Integration w. other products– Acquisition Reform– New processes / products– Updates to 5000.02, Improve &

Update Definitions, added multiple new appendices E.g. AIS/ERP, Launch Vehicles,

Unmanned Sea, etc.

MIL-STD Established due to need to define the major elements of materiel items (products) acquired by the Department of Defense (DoD) which would standardize the planning, coordination and control of the technical and cost aspects of major defense programs.


Purpose

The purpose of the WBS is to break a complex, technical program or system into smaller, discreet, manageable pieces that sum to the parent (100% rule)– Typically the WBS is produced in parallel with CARD /

Technical Baseline and they evolve together

A more detailed “Purpose” definition is part of CEBOK Module CEB 01

– The WBS is like Prego® for Engineers: “It’s in there!” Includes all the ingredients for a successful

marriage (or at least, a successful cost estimate):– Hardware, Software, Services, Data, and

Facilities. Usually for the entire lifecycle of the program/system.


Primary Standards / Guides

All Agency / General– ‘The GAO Cost Guide’ aka

GAO-09-3SP (Mar 2009) [Chp. 8]

– CAPE Operating and Support Cost Estimating Guide (Mar 2014)

DoD Specific– MIL-STD-881c (Oct 2011)

NASA Specific– NASA Cost Estimating

Handbook v 4.0 (Feb 2015) [Appendix B]

Consistent themes: – Product Oriented– 100% Rule– Mutually Exclusive– Standardize Across Program– At least to Level 3

Rules of thumb for lowest lvl:– “80 hours”– “single reporting period”– “it makes sense”


Types of WBS(s) Graphical vs Tree

Graphical Formats– Graphical is easy to understand components and relationships– Can take up considerable space in a report

Tree Formats – Not as easy to understand but more suitable for reporting purposes


Building the WBS

The WBS is clear roadmap and for the End Product of the project

When the building the WBS– Always to try participate in the WBS building process– Examine the entire project – What are the key parts– What are the key deliverables and what is end products– How will each component or end product relate to the

finished product– Examine the production environment, the sequence of

design construction, integration and testing and quality control


Challenges Overview - Building & Utilizing WBS Effectively

Challenges with terminology– Program WBS vs. Contract WBS– Product Oriented vs. Functionally Oriented

Understanding and applying ‘common elements’ Consistency across program documents Evolution over time

– Increasing detail due to improved requirements– 881C vs. O&S


Challenges: Program vs. Contract

Program WBS vs. Contract WBS– Program WBS encompasses the entire program – Contract WBS only includes the elements for which that

contractor is responsible. Reporting level will be negotiated and specified in the contract.

Aircraft Example from MIL-STD-881C, Figure 9


Challenges (cont): Product Oriented

Product Oriented vs. Functionally Oriented– Sometimes tempting to break WBS into phases, rather than

products (e.g. RDTE, Procurement, O&S) or into functions (such as manufacturing, engineering, or quality control) Nearly impossible to identify problems and implement solutions No guarantee 100% of the work is identified No uniformity across government, industry, or academia

– Product Oriented is a best practice Track cost & schedule by defined deliverables Captures 100% of the costs for various deliverables Standardizes and simplifies reporting for cost data collection (e.g.

DACIMS) as well as for EVM analysis


Challenges (cont): Common Elements

“Common Elements”– Apply to multiple levels of the WBS, not just Level 2 Not all common elements will appear at all levels, but some might Need to be clear in the WBS dictionary Strong emphasis on the ‘includes’ and ‘excludes’ statements (more on

this in later slides)

Integration, Assembly, Test, and Checkout Systems Engineering Program Management Training Data System Test & Evaluation*

Peculiar Support Equipment Common Support Equipment Operational/Site Activation Facilities Initial Spares & Repair Parts

Source: GAO Cost Guide, Table 8


Challenges (cont): Consistency

Consistency Across Program Documents– Establish WBS and Dictionary early; makes consistency easier– Use same numbering and refer directly to the dictionary Requirements / Specifications

– e.g. “AIS to process 10M records per day with custom interface to…”) WBS Elements

– 1.0 AIS 1.1 AIS PMP

– 1.1.1 Custom Application Software– 1.1.2 Enterprise Service Element

1.2 SE 1.3 PM

SOW / PWS– “Task x.x.x will develop a software module (WBS 1.1.1) to…”

IMP, IMS, CLINs, etc


Challenges (cont): ConsistencyExample Mapping

WBS WBS Title PWS Section # PWS Section Title Primary CLIN # CLIN Description

1.10.1 Site Type 1: IT Enterprise1.10.1.1 Deployment Hardware and Software

1.10.1.1.1 Deployment Hardware 5.7.4 Segment 1 Deployment 0010, 1012, 2012 IOC & Site Deployment1.10.1.1.2 Deployment Software 5.2.2 "a" SW Requirements, subsection "a" 0005, 0006, 1005, 1006, 1007, 2005, 2006, 2007 Software Licenses

1.10.1.2 User Documentation CDRL not separately priced ODC CLINs only ODC CLINs only1.10.1.3 Site Activation 5.2.7, 5.7.1, 5.7.4 System Installation, Deployment Site Visit, Segment 1 Deployment 0010, 1012, 2012 IOC & Site deployment1.10.1.4 User Training 5.7.2, 5.4 "g", 5.1.4 Segment 1 Training, Training; PMO Staff Training 0010, 1012, 2012, 1011, 2011 IOC & Site deployment, Ad-hoc Training1.10.1.5 Data Migration 5.7.4 Segment 1 Deployment 0010, 1012, 2012 IOC & Site Deployment1.10.1.6 Management/Engineering Support 5.7.4 Segment 1 Deployment 1013, 2013 Site-Specific Engineering/Integration

WBS WBS Title

1.10.1 Site Type 1: IT Enterprise1.10.1.1 Deployment Hardware and Software

1.10.1.1.1 Deployment Hardware1.10.1.1.2 Deployment Software

PWS Section # PWS Section Title

5.7.4 Segment 1 Deployment5.2.2 "a" SW Requirements, subsection "a"

Primary CLIN # CLIN Description

0010, 1012, 2012 IOC & Site Deployment0005, 0006, 1005, 1006, 1007, 2005, 2006, 2007 Software Licenses


Challenges (cont): Time

Time– WBS Evolves and becomes more

detailed over time (requirements become more detailed)

– O&S Estimating becomes more important over time

– WBS consistency challenges transitioning from RDTE/Investment to O&S 881C focus is early acquisition;

product oriented CAPE O&S guide focus is post

acquisition


Challenges (cont): WBS Dictionary

Perhaps the most important part of WBS development, the dictionary guides everyone– Provides the specific detail of what *is* and *is not* included in

every element Best practice: provide pointer to alternative sections. Also, keep date

references so the entire team knows which dictionary is current.WBS L Title Description (updated 6/30/2014)

1.8 2 Peculiar Support Equipment

The design, development, and production of those deliverable items and associated software required to support and maintain the system or portions of the system while the system is not directly engaged in the performance of its mission, and which are not common support equipment.

Includes, for example:a. Any production of duplicate or modified factory test or tooling equipment delivered to the Government for use in maintaining the system. (Factory test and tooling equipment initially used by the contractor in the production process but subsequently delivered to the Government will be included as cost of the item produced.)b. Any additional equipment or software required to maintain or modify the software portions of the system

Excludes, for example:a. Overall planning, management and task analysis functions inherent in the work breakdown structure element, systems Engineering/Program Management (1.2, 1.3)b. Common support equipment, presently in the DoD inventory or commercially available, bought by the using command, not by the acquiring command


Challenges (cont): WBS Dictionary

1.6 Training - Deliverable training services, devices, accessories, aids, equipment, and parts used to facilitate instruction through which personnel will learn to operate and maintain the system with maximum efficiency.

Includes, for example:a. All effort associated with the design, development, and production of deliverable training equipment and its associated software as well as the execution of training servicesb. Operational trainers, maintenance trainers, training testers, and other items such as cutaways, mock-ups, and modelsc. Training course material development; contractor-conducted training (in-plant and service training); and the materials and curriculum required to design, execute, and produce a contractor developed training programd. Materiel, courses, and associated documentation (primarily the computer software, courses and training aids)e. Modification or rehabilitation of existing facilities used to accomplish training objectivesf. Developmentg. Training and professional developmenth. Training software

Excludes, for example:a. User training costs (user training occurs at each individual site deployment under 1.10.x.4)


Real Life WBS Example- NASA Wide

Agency level guidance for standard WBS currently is to level II NASA WBS Handbook provides excellence guidance on how to

construct a WBS at a high level, but does not provide additional guidance on structure below level II. NASA CADRe does provides guidance to lower level WBS

– Lower levels (below Level II) are uniquely created by each project. – Projects are encouraged to use the CADRe WBS to the lowest level

possible.

¹NASA Procedural Requirement 7120.5E


1.0 System Name1.1 Project Management1.2 Systems Engineering1.3 Safety and Mission Assurance1.4 Science/Technology1.5 Payload(s)

1.5.1 Payload Management1.5.2 System Engineering1.5.3 Payload Product Assurance1.5.4 Instrument n1.5.5 Integration, Assembly Test & Check out1.6 Flight System \ Spacecraft

1.6.1 Flight System Project Management1.6.2 Flight System Systems Engineering1.6.3 Flight System Product Assurance1.6.4 Spacecraft

1.6.4.1 Spacecraft Management1.6.4.2 Spacecraft Systems Engineering1.6.4.3 Spacecraft Product Assurance1.6.4.4 Spacecraft Structures & Mechanisms Total

1.6.4.4.1 Structures/Mech. Management1.6.4.4.2 Structures/Mech. Systems Engineering1.6.4.4.3 Primary Structures

1.6.4.4.3.1 Load Carrying Shell/Truss1.6.4.4.3.2 Equipment Compartments1.6.4.4.3.3 Booms1.6.4.4.3.4 Adapters

1.6.4.4.4 Secondary Structures1.6.4.4.4.1 Equipment (Instrument) Mountings1.6.4.4.4.2 Ballast Mass

1.6.4.4.5 Mechanisms1.6.4.4.5.1 Positioning1.6.4.4.5.2 Deployment and Storage Equipment1.6.4.4.5.3 Docking Mechanisms

1.6.4.4.6 Pyrotechnics1.6.4.4.7 Structures/Mech. Subsystem I&T

1.6.4.5 Spacecraft Thermal Control1.6.4.5.1 Thermal Management1.6.4.5.2 Thermal Systems Engineering1.6.4.5.3 Active Devices

1.6.4.5.3.1 Cryogenic Devices1.6.4.5.3.2 Liquid Loops1.6.4.5.3.3 Electric Cooling (Thermoelectric)1.6.4.5.3.4 Electric Heaters Thermistors & Thermostats1.6.4.5.3.5 Shutters

1.6.4.5.4 Passive Devices1.6.4.5.4.1 Radiator Panel/Fins1.6.4.5.4.2 Coatings1.6.4.5.4.3 Heat Pipes1.6.4.5.4.4 Insulation1.6.4.5.4.5 Conductive Structures1.6.4.5.4.6 Heat Activated louvers1.6.4.5.4.7 Sun Shields1.6.4.5.4.8 Second Surface Mirrors

1.6.4.5.5 Thermal Subsystem I&T1.6.4.6 Spacecraft Electrical Power & Distribution

1.6.4.6.1 EPS Management1.6.4.6.2 EPS Systems Engineering1.6.4.6.3 Electrical Power Generation

1.6.4.6.3.1 Solar Cells1.6.4.6.3.2 Nuclear Reactor1.6.4.6.3.3 Radioisotope Thermionic Generator1.6.4.6.3.4 Chemical (Fuel Cells)1.6.4.6.3.5 Aux Power Unit(s)

1.6.4.6.4 Electrical Power Conditioning1.6.4.6.4.1 Power Control Electronics1.6.4.6.4.2 Power Conversion Electronics1.6.4.6.4.3 Power Dissipation Devices1.6.4.6.4.4 Power Distribution Electronics

1.6.4.6.5 Electrical Power Storage1.6.4.6.5.1 Batteries1.6.4.6.5.2 Charge Control Electronics

1.6.4.6.6 Harnesses & Cables1.6.4.6.7 EPS Subsystem I&T

1.6.4.7 Spacecraft GN&C1.6.4.7.1 GN&C Management1.6.4.7.2 GN&C Systems Engineering1.6.4.7.3 Attitude Determination

1.6.4.7.3.1 Earth (Horizon) Sensors1.6.4.7.3.2 Sun Sensors1.6.4.7.3.3 Star Tracker/Sensors1.6.4.7.3.4 GPS Receivers1.6.4.7.3.5 Imagers1.6.4.7.3.6 Magnetometers1.6.4.7.3.7 Altimeters1.6.4.7.3.8 Inertial Reference Unit1.6.4.7.3.9 Rate Gyros

1.6.4.7.3.10 Accelerometers1.6.4.7.3.11 Bearings and Power Transfer Assembly

1.6.4.7.4 Attitude Control1.6.4.7.4.1 Reaction Wheels1.6.4.7.4.2 Momentum Wheels1.6.4.7.4.3 Control Moment Gyros1.6.4.7.4.4 Energy Storage Devices (Flywheels)1.6.4.7.4.5 Magnetic Control Devices1.6.4.7.4.6 Spin Control Devices1.6.4.7.4.7 Control Electronics

1.6.4.7.5 GN&C Subsystem I&T

1.6.4.8 Spacecraft Propulsion1.6.4.8.1 Propulsion Management1.6.4.8.2 Propulsion Systems Engineering1.6.4.8.3 Tanks

1.6.4.8.3.1 Oxidizer Tanks1.6.4.8.3.2 Fuel Tanks1.6.4.8.3.3 Propellant Tanks1.6.4.8.3.4 Pressurant Tanks

1.6.4.8.4 Plumbing1.6.4.8.5 Maneuvering Thrusters

1.6.4.8.5.1 Bipropellant1.6.4.8.5.2 Monopropellant1.6.4.8.5.3 Solar Electric1.6.4.8.5.4 Ion1.6.4.8.5.5 Electrostatic1.6.4.8.5.6 Electromagnetodynamic1.6.4.8.5.7 Cold Gas

1.6.4.8.6 Translation Thrusters1.6.4.8.6.1 Bipropellant1.6.4.8.6.2 Monopropellant1.6.4.8.6.3 Solar Electric1.6.4.8.6.4 Ion1.6.4.8.6.5 Electrostatic1.6.4.8.6.6 Electromagnetodynamic1.6.4.8.6.7 Cold Gas

1.6.4.8.7 Solid Propellant1.6.4.8.8 Liquid Propellant1.6.4.8.9 Propulsion Subsystem I&T

1.6.4.9 Spacecraft Communications1.6.4.9.1 Telecom Management1.6.4.9.2 Telecom Systems Engineering1.6.4.9.3 Antennas

1.6.4.9.3.1 Omnidirectional1.6.4.9.3.2 Spiral1.6.4.9.3.3 Horn1.6.4.9.3.4 Patch1.6.4.9.3.5 Parabolic

1.6.4.9.4 Waveguides/Routers1.6.4.9.4.1 Diplexers1.6.4.9.4.2 Triplexers1.6.4.9.4.3 Multiplexers1.6.4.9.4.4 Multicouplers1.6.4.9.4.5 Coaxial Switches1.6.4.9.4.6 RF Switches1.6.4.9.4.7 Filters1.6.4.9.4.8 Waveguide

1.6.4.9.5 Radio Frequency Equipment1.6.4.9.5.1 Receivers1.6.4.9.5.2 Transmitters1.6.4.9.5.3 Transceivers1.6.4.9.5.4 Transponders1.6.4.9.5.5 Modulators1.6.4.9.5.6 Demodulators1.6.4.9.5.7 Traveling Wave Tube Assembly (TWTA)1.6.4.9.5.8 Solid State Power Amplifiers1.6.4.9.5.9 GPS Receivers

1.6.4.9.5.10 Downconverters1.6.4.9.5.11 Upconverters

1.6.4.9.6 Telecom Subsystem I&T

1.6.4.10 Spacecraft C&DH1.6.4.10.1 C&DH Management1.6.4.10.2 C&DH Systems Engineering1.6.4.10.3 Processors1.6.4.10.4 Solid State Memory1.6.4.10.5 Decoders1.6.4.10.6 Command Units1.6.4.10.7 Telemetry Units1.6.4.10.8 Command Sequencers1.6.4.10.9 Timing Units

1.6.4.10.10 Frequency Generators1.6.4.10.11 Signal Conditioners1.6.4.10.12 Data Switches1.6.4.10.13 COMSEC1.6.4.10.14 Interface Units1.6.4.10.15 Tape Recorders1.6.4.10.16 Disk Recorders1.6.4.10.17 C&DH Subsystem I&T

1.6.4.11 Spacecraft Software1.6.4.11.1 Software Management1.6.4.11.2 Software Systems Engineering1.6.4.11.3 CSCI Name 11.6.4.11.4 CSCI Name 21.6.4.11.5 Software Subsystem I&T

1.6.4.12 Spacecraft I&T1.6.5 Entry/Descent/Lander 1.6.6 Rover1.6.7 Spacecraft Retirement & Disposal1.7 Launch Vehicle/Services1.8 Mission Operations System (MOS)1.9 Ground Data System (GDS)1.10 System Integration, Assembly, Test & Check Out1.11 Education & Public Outreach

2.1 Reserves and Unfunded Future Expenses (UFE)

3.1 Contributions (only if can't be mapped above)4.1 Program Office Costs (Typically held at HQs)

5.1 CM&O6.1 G&A

Real Life WBS Example- NASA Presented at the 2017 ICEAA Professional Development & Training Workshop www.iceaaonline.com/portland2017

• The GSFC Instrument Development Office working to standardize lower level breakouts for GSFC instruments

• Help with Formulation Execution, match Tech WBS with Fin WBS

• Support more consistent proposal preparation

• CEH says: “A consistent WBS structure is important for data collection, analysis and communication”, and, that it “promotes defendable cost estimates”

• GSFC working with the CADRe WBS for Instruments as the starting point for further WBS detail

• GSFC is very close to matching NASA Std it for its Instrument Projects

• Agreed to a set of CADRe Level 4 WBS elements that can be implemented for GSFC instruments

Real Life WBS Example- NASA CenterPresented at the 2017 ICEAA Professional Development & Training Workshop www.iceaaonline.com/portland2017

Laser?

Science?

Contamination?

Real Life WBS Example- NASA CenterPresented at the 2017 ICEAA Professional Development & Training Workshop www.iceaaonline.com/portland2017

Real Life WBS Example- NASA CenterWBS TitleWBS Number WBS Dictionary

FINISHED PAYLOAD EXAMPLE


Wrap Up

Background– History– Purpose Development Process

– Standards / Guides– Challenges Terminology Common Elements Consistency Time WBS Dictionary Real Life WBS Example

Wrap Up


Back Up
