advanced placement european history spring 2015 review drill a
TRANSCRIPT
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Advanced Placement European History
Spring 2015Review Drill A
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This ideology arose in response to the American War of Independence and the French Revolution. Its adherents viewed society as an organism that changes (or ought to change) very slowly over the generations.
Mercantilism
Conservatism
Nationalism
Liberalism
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He is best known for his book The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, in which he proposed that ascetic (austere) Protestantism, was one of the major reasons that created both market-driven Capitalism and the Industrial Revolution
Graham Wallas
Alexis de Tocqueville
Charles Darwin
Max Weber
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In addition to her fear of even a defeated Germany, the French also feared
American and British economic penetration
the loss of more territory
Communism
Little Entente
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The Paris Peace Talks and the Treaty of Versailles
satisfied no one
treated the defeated Central Powers justly
placed the United States in the forefront of World affairs
satisfied only France, Japan and Italy
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He was a rival to and murdered by Mussolini
Giacomo Matteotti
Éamon de Valera
Giuseppe Mazzini
Giuseppe Garabaldi
Camilo Cavour
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If a person traveled from west to east in Europe in the eighteenth century the more likely it would be that he would see
rotten boroughs
more clearly defined and responsible nobility
people bound to the land
the putting out system
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In 1922, this Irish author wrote Ulysses, in which the episodes of Homer's Odyssey are paralleled in an array of contrasting literary styles, including stream of consciousness. The novel explores the squalor and monotony of life in a Dublin slum with characters paralleling Odysseus, Penelope and Telemachus.
Thomas Mann
James Joyce
George Bernard Shaw
Ernest Hemingway
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Robert Owen
believed that society should be managed by experts and that wealth not be redistributed
inspired Pierre Joseph Proudhon and the Anarchist movement of the 1840s
was the architect who rebuilt Paris for Napoleon III
built a successful industrial environment at New Lanark, Scotland
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The ___________________was the period lasting from accession of Augustus to the death of Marcus Aurelius in 180 C.E.
Republic
Pax Romana
Punic Wars
Period of the Kings
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His seminal work, Principles of Geology (published 1830-1833 in three volumes), embraced the idea of Uniformitarianism or the idea that the earth was shaped by processes that are still in operation today.
William Paley
Herbert Spencer
Charles Darwin
Charles Lyell
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The Hohenzollerns turned which of the following states in a major European power?
Prussia
Hungary
Spain
France
Austria
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Late Middle Ages?
The Conciliar Movement
a.Plentitude of Power
The Mini Ice Age
The Theory of Forms
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He was an English Romantic poet who believed that the artist’s imagination was God at work in the mind and said that “the imagination was a repetition in the finite mind of the eternal act of creation in the infinite I AM.” .
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Johann Gottfried Herder
Victor Hugo
Lord Byron
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Protestant reformers in the Sixteenth Century tended to do all of the following except
oppose the celibate life for clergy
encourage basic education
oppose monasticism
view marriage as a degraded state of life
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Modern European feminism emphasizes
political equality
women’s control over their own lives
economic equality
political and legal equality
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The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748.
precipitated the War of Jenkins ear
outlawed the importation of slaves into the New World
ended the War of the Austrian Succession
forced Prussia to give up its possessions in the Holy Roman Empire
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When the British Fabian Socialists, Beatrice and Sidney Webb, spoke of a new civilization in the 1920s and 1930s, they were referring to (the)
a. Soviet Union
b. Fascist Italy
c. Ramsay MacDonald’s Labor Government
d. Nazi Germany
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The Congress of Victors in 1934
enforced the Dekulakization policies of Stalin
invited Lincoln Steffens to address the congress
were mostly purged by Stalin
gave support to the expulsion of Trotsky from the Party
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Which is the most accurate statement about the Crimean War?
Both sides had well-equipped armies
After the war, stability prevailed in Europe for decades
The European Question was solved
Piedmont gained some political advantages
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In his efforts in opposition to the Atlantic Slave Trade, he was hailed as a 'Renewer of Society', and, until his death in 1833, was known as the conscience of Parliament.
William Wilberforce
Julio Fandiño
John Trenchard
the Earl of Bute
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As a result of the Hampton Court Conference,
Parliament ordered the arrest and eventual execution of the Duke of Buckingham
Parliament passed the English Bill of Rights
The English Civil War of 1642-1646 broke out
Anglican and Puritan distrust accelerated
Queen Elizabeth came to the throne
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Which of the following statements best describes the school of Impressionism? Impressionists
mostly portrayed religious, mythological and historical subjects
sought the Platonic ideal of perfection
were inspired by imagination, folklore, fairy tales, dreams and other phenomena in opposition to that of empirical reasoning
recorded ordinary people at dance halls, cafes, beach parties, working in the fields or picnicking in the country
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French Protestants/Calvinists were called
Congregationalists
Huguenots
Stadholders
Puritans
Jansenists
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The Falangists
opposed the Spanish Popular Front
triumphed in the 1936 Italian elections
supported the Anschluss in Austria
demanded that ethnic Germans be allowed to separate from the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia
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Most philosophes in the Age of Enlightenment favored
Nationalism
Existing monarchies
American/British style democracy
French revolutionary democracy
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The years from 1919 to 1939 marked the Age of
the Great Depression
Capitalism
Philosophy
Anxiety
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J’accuse, an 1898 open letter accusing the French government of anti-Semitism in the unfair trial of Alfred Dreyfus, was written by
Adolphe Thiers
Georges Boulanger
Emile Zola
Patrice McMahon
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Nineteenth century liberals
wanted to extend liberties to the peasant and urban working classes
opposed the ideas of John Locke
opposed the ideas of Adam Smith
believed in advancement in society based on talent and achievement but did not favor full democracy.
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Aristotle favored polity by which he meant that
a ruler with complete authority should have power in a state.
honor and honesty were far more important than money or fame or political power.
the world we live in is not the only world, because our world is a pale and imperfect reflection of a perfect world
that the rule of law should limit popular sentiment.
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In his book, The Birth of Tragedy, Nietzsche claimed that
to limit human activity to strictly rational behavior was to impoverish human life.
the study of Socrates and the ancient philosophers held the key to understanding human societal evolution
accommodations with modernism were possible
the certainty of a better life was possible
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Existentialism can best be defined as
resistance to the expansion of classical liberalism.
continuation of the revolt against reason that began in the nineteenth century.
the extension of Hegelian philosophy and faith in the power of human reason.
return to the Reformational values of Christianity.
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The three nations who partitioned Poland in the late eighteenth century were
Prussia, France, Ottoman Empire
Great Britain, Austria, Russia
France, Prussia, Austria
Russia, Prussia, Austria
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At the Peace of Augsburg in 1555
the prince of any principality determined the religion of his principality
official recognition was given to both Anabaptists and Calvinists
Maurice of Saxony supported Charles V
the Protestant princes refused to attend and were condemned
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French economic reformers such as Francois Quesnay and Pierre Dupont de Nemours were known as
phisiocrats
philosophes
autocrats
technocrats
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The Old Regime or Ancien Régime
was a term that applied to the nobility only
was found only in Great Britain
was a series of social relationships bound by tradition
ignored the peasants
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In 1923, Adolph Hitler and his followers attempted the Beer Hall Putsch whose purpose was to
kill Jews
overthrow the German government
throw France out of the Saar Basin
repudiate the Locarno Treaties
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A series of important liberal reforms were enacted by the Catholic Church:
at the Vatican II Council of the mid 1960s
at the Vatican I Council of the mid 1860s
before the 1950s
at the urging of popes Leo XIII and Pius X
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In March 1939, Adolf Hitler
signed a non-aggression pact with Poland
sent German soldiers into the Rhineland
occupied Prague
set up the Vichy government in unoccupied France
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Modern European Existentialism (Europe’s philosophy of the twentieth century) has its roots in the thought of Nietzsche and
Hegel
Kierkegard
Kant
Locke
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In 1935, what nation did Benito Mussolini attack and make an Italian colony in spite of objection from the League of Nations?
Greece
Spain
Albania
Ethiopia
Libya
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Thales of Miletus, Benjamin Franklin and Alessandro Volta all experimented with
ammonia
electricity
steam
bacteria
genetics
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Up until 1850,
most education in Europe took place in church run schools
literacy was widespread in all of Western Europe
Romanticism was more important in scientific thought that Rationalism
the popes refused to have any dialogue with the Italian government
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The Jansenists
opposed the teachings of St. Augustine
opposed Jesuit teachings about free will
were supported by Pope Innocent X
were defended by Louis XIV and Louis XV
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In 1588 at the Battle of Gravelines, the English
finally drove the French from Calais
produced the Bill of Rights
won the Seven Year’s War
defeated the Spanish Armada
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Unlike the First World War, what factor led to the bitterness of the Thirty Year’s War?
Catholic – Protestant hatred
growing nationalism
Louis XIV’s desire to control Europe
the Defenestration of Prague
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To raise money to build a new St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome, his famous pitch line was As soon as a coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs.
Julius II
Martin Bucer
Thomas Cranmer
Johann Tetzel
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Which of the following was not a motive of Nineteenth Century Imperialism?
Economics
Colonization
Technology
Culture
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During the Marburg Colloquy (meaning conversation or dialogue) of 1529, Luther and Zwingli could not agree on
Clerical Celibacy
Justification by Faith Alone
Cuius regio; eius religio
The nature of the Eucharist
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Stalin did all of the following except
exterminate Kulaks
develop Five Year Plans
continue Lenin’s New Economic Policy
collectivize agriculture
carry out unprededented purges of opponents – both real and imagined.
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The Reformation Parliament of Henry VIII did all of the following except
passed laws to dominate the clergy
recognized Henry as head of the Church in England
made Henry the highest court of appeal for all Englishmen
sanctioned the execution of Queen Catherine
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When Hitler attacked Poland on September 1, 1939, the Soviet Union
came to Poland’s defense
made an alliance with France and Great Britain
surrounded the Baltic countries of Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia
appealed to the League of Nations
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In her Charter of the Nobility, she defined the rights and privileges of the nobility in exchange for their loyalty and service to the state. These rights included heredity transferring of noble status, power over their serfs and exemption from taxes
Maria Theresa
Catherine the Great
Catherine de Médicis
Christina of Sweden
“Bloody” Mary
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William Whewell of Cambridge University in England first coined the word _____________ to describe those who studied the physical world in growing numbers in French, German and British Universities.
literacy
Positivism
scientist
phisiocrat
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Why did Luther not support the Peasants’ Revolt?
Luther felt no pity for their harsh treatment by the German nobility
The peasants supported Charles V and the old Catholic prince-bishops
Luther’s view of Reformation was not political but spiritual
Luther was afraid that the Catholic party would win if he backed the peasants.
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The latter half of the nineteenth century saw the rise of (the) _____________ or White Collar Workers which included secretaries, retail clerks and lower level bureaucrats.
Professional Class
Petite Bourgeoisie
Captains of Industry
Proletariat
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Restrictions on clothing, food, and luxury items are all examples of
the Vingtième
Banalités
the English Game Laws
Sumptuary Laws
Ghetto life
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1871 + 1918 =
F.D.R.
Winston Churchill
Adolf Hitler
Pearl Harbor
Josef Stalin
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Plato and Aristotle both
felt that Philosopher Kings should rule
favored Polity or a Constitutional Government dominated by members of the middle class
developed the idea that rulers themselves are both the guardians of the law and subject to the law
despised tyranny and mob rule and wanted a just and stable society.
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Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès:
thought that Napoleon could be used for his own political purposes
proposed a Holy Alliance of Prussia, Austria, Britain and Russia whereby the monarchs of those nations would promise to act together in accordance with Christian principles.
advised Tsar Alexander to withdraw from the Continental System and prepare for War.
negotiated the Treaty of Schöenbrun which humiliated Austria and set up Napoleon’s marriage to Marie Louise.
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In the long term, the Columbian exchange
brought a lasting decline in population because of the ravages of diseases such as smallpox.
had very little influence on world population figures.
led to economic instability because of a glut of Chinese silver.
increased world population because of the spread of new food crops.
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The Petition of Right of 1628
forbade taxation by the king without the permission of Parliament
attempted to collect taxes from the nobility by forcing property owners to pay a forced loans to the government
laid the basis for Magna Carta
reflected a deep distrust of Oliver Cromwell and his Parliamentary forces
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He was a racialist writer who in 1899, wrote The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century, in which he championed the concept of biological determination through race but also believed that through genetics the human race could be improved and that even a superior race could be developed.
Theodor Herzl
Karl Lueger
Houston Stewart Chamberlain
Paul Lagarde
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In France, Nobles of the Robe gained their rank from
military service
service in the Church
serving in the bureaucracy
industrial achievement
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In May 1871, Adolphe Thiers negotiated the ________________ with Prussia, which obligated France to pay a large indemnity and turn over Alsace and Lorraine to Germany.
Treaty of Gastein
Treaty of Frankfurt
Treaty of Plombières
Treaty of Paris
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In his book, Reflections on Violence, George Sorel stated that
bureaucratization (the creation of bureaucracies) was alien to the modern way of life
people do not pursue rationally perceived goals but a led to action by collectively shared ideals.
bureaucracies constitute the most efficient and rational way in which human activity can be organized
race was the most important index of human potential
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He was elected pope at sixty-eight and reigned for 25 years. He sought to make accommodations with the modern age and address the great social questions of the time. He defended private property, condemned socialism and Marxism and said that employers were obligated to treat their employees fairly. His most important work was Rerum Novarum.
Pope Pius IX
Pope Leo XIII
Pope Pius X
Pope Pius XI
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In 1815, this Serbian leader began the Second Serbian Uprising. In 1817, he was defeated by the Ottomans but gained partial autonomy for most of Serbia. In 1830, he became head of an independent Serbia
Filiki Eteria
Kara George
Muhammad Ali
Miloš Obrenovitch
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The Korean War resulted in
an overwhelming victory for U.S.-backed South Korea.
an overwhelming victory for U.S.-backed North Korea.
an encouragement of the U.S. policy of containment.
a discouragement of the U.S. policy of containment.
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The Revolution of 1905
led to Bloody Sunday
was caused by the Tsar dissolving the Duma
caused the Russo-Japanese War
led to the establishment of the Duma
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The French political thinker and historian, Alexis de Tocqueville
praised the leaders of the French Revolution
was a conservative who despised both Romanticism and liberalism
criticized de Gobineau for his racial theories
Wrote The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century
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The Edict of Nantes in 1598
established universal religious toleration
gave Huguenots qualified religious freedom
gave Lutherans religious Freedom
settled the French – Spanish border dispute
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In Arms and the Man (1894; the title taken from the first words of the Roman poet Vergil’s Aeneid) and Man and Superman (1903), he heaped scorn on the romantic ideals of love and war. and in Androcles and the Lion (1912), he pilloried Christianity – and in a currently edited out Preface, he stated that the teachings of Jesus of Nazareth were lost at his crucifixion.
Charles Dickens
J. J. Thompson
George Bernard Shaw
John Maynard Keynes
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In spite of the strong contrast in motivation and economics, the leaders of the American and French Revolutions used the liberal philosophy of what treatise of John Locke to justify the armed overthrow of tyrannical rule?
Leviathan
The Wealth of Nations
Ninety Five Theses
Two Treatises of Government
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Which two of the following were NOT among the three pillars of Nicholas I of Russia?
Autocracy
Orthodoxy
Republicanism
Nationalism
Russification
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Eisenhower endorsed the Domino Theory which held that
that communism would die out on its own.
the Chinese under Mao would challenge the Unequal Treaty status imposed upon them by Moscow
the Marshall Plan had been a failure.
if one state in a region came under the influence of communism, then the surrounding countries would follow.
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Søren Kierkegaard
supported Vatican II
supported Karl Barth and orthodox Lutheranism
said that the truth of Christianity was found in the lives of those who had faced extreme situations, not in creeds or doctrines
became popular when an Anglican Bishop, John Robinson, published Honest to God.
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Josephine Butler campaigned against
The Contagious Diseases Acts
Virginia Woolf
The Psychoanalytic Movement
The Revolution in Physics
The Bloomsbury Group
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The Council of Trent, which lasted from 1545 to 1563, successfully
reached a compromise between Luther and Calvin.
played a key role in Henry VIII's break with the Catholic church.
took steps to reform the Catholic church.
launched the Society of Jesus (the Jesuits).
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Louis XIV’s view of the monarchy was influenced by his experience of the revolt known as the
Parlement
Fronde
Taille
Jaquerie
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The economic basis of eighteenth century life was
regional trade
international trade
the land
industry and manufacturing
guilds
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He believed that behind the development of human history from one period to the next lay the mind and purpose of what he called the World-Spirit, a concept not unlike the Christian God.
Immanuel Kant
John Wesley
Lord Byron
Georg Hegel
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This leader of the Counter Reformation wrote Spiritual Exercises and founded the Society of Jesus.
Charles V
Ignatius Loyola
John Calvin
Cardinal Caspar Contarini
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The Social Darwinists believed that
a sharp distinction had to be made between the biological and social worlds.
only a socialist political and social structure would keep humans from destroying themselves.
powerful nations were meant to dominate weaker societies.
human beings had reached the point where competition among nations was no longer necessary.
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In the great Kitchen Debate of 1959, _____________________ debated luxuries vs. real needs, but it were clear that the West, led by the United States had the highest standard of living in the world.
Stalin and Churchill
Churchill and Stalin
Eisenhower and Khrushchev
Nixon and Khrushchev
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Between 1859 and 1893 Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos all fell under the control of
Great Britain
Japan
France
Germany
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This theory stated that information derived from logical, mathematical principles and sensory experience was the only source of knowledge.
Natural Selection
Positivism
Utilitarianism
Pointillism
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In his book, Leviathan, he argued that people were “nasty, greedy and selfish” and needed a strong, strict governmental to keep them under control.
John Locke
Thomas Hobbes
Rene Descartes
Voltaire
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The chief victim of late nineteenth century European imperialistic expansion was
Russia
India
Africa
Australia
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_________________ coined the expression The Lost Generation.
Gertrude Stein
Ernest Hemingway
F. Scott Fitzgerald
Karl Barth
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The Modern Devotion Movement of the late fifteenth century was a religious movement that stressed all of the following except
individual piety
practical religion
education
monastic life
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Charles de Montesquieu
was the first professor of Arabic and Islamic studies at the University of Paris.
blamed Islam for the fall of both the Roman and Byzantine Empires.
associated Islamic society with a passivity that he attributed to peoples subject to political despotism.
wrote Turkish Embassy Letters, in which he praised Ottoman society especially its practice of vaccination against smallpox.
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The initial driving force in Luther formulating the Ninety-Five Theses was
his excommunication from the Roman Catholic church.
the sale of indulgences.
the rise of secular humanism during the High Middle Ages
the influence of John Calvin.
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In the Sixth Century, he managed to obtain the obedience of all western bishops, was a skilled theologian, and emphasized the authority of the Church over its members, as in stressing the sacrament of penance.
Urban II
Hugh Capet
Gregory I
John XII
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Which of the following best expresses the idea of Social Darwinism
Argument from design
We need a critique of moral values; the value of these values themselves must first be called into question.
The dream is the disguised fulfillment of a wish
justice is nothing else than the interest of the stronger
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He was a French novelist and playwright whose most famous work was La Comédie Humaine, which presents a panorama of French life in the years after the fall of Napoleon Bonaparte. Balzac’s stories showed French life in such accurate detail with such multifaceted and amoral characters that he is regarded – even more than Dickens – as one of the founders of European Realism.
Claude Bernard
Émile Édouard Zola
Gustave Flaubert
Honoré de Balzac
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The German offensive of 1914 aimed at Paris was halted at
the Marne
the Somme
Verdun
Caporetto
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After the 1648 Treaty of Westphalia that ended the Thirty Year’s War, _____________emerged as Europe’s dominant power
France
Prussia
England
The Holy Roman Empire
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The basic challenge facing the Hapsburg Empire after 1648 was:
Lack of Resources
Political and Ethnic Diversity
Weak and incompetent rulers
The rising power of England
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The first real Prime Minister of Great Britain was
James Edward Stuart
William Pitt the Younger
Robert Walpole
The Duke of Buckingham
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In France, Nobles of the Sword gained their rank from
military service
service in the Church
serving in the bureaucracy
industrial achievement