Advanced-Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle

with Exergy Recuperation

Collaborative Research Center for Energy Engineering

Institute of Industrial Science

The University of Tokyo

*Chihiro Fushimi, Atsushi Tsutsumi

The University of Tokyo- Imperial College London Joint Symposium

on Innovation in Energy Systems

at Imperial College London, 1 February 2008

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Outlines

Clean Coal Technology in Japan

Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC)

Hydrogen and Power Co-production with Exergy

Recuperative Gasification

Multi-Loop High Density Solid Circulation System

Present Energy System

Largely depends on oil

↓

Utilization of coal

↓

Clean Coal Technology (CCT)

•Widely available

•Abundant （R/P ratio is approx. 200 years）

Clean Coal Technology in Japan

Power generation process

New concept

・Advanced pulverized coal firing boiler (PC)

・Pressurized fluidized bed combustion combined

cycle power generation (PFBC)

・Advanced PFBC combined cycle power generation

(A-PFBC)

・Integrated coal gasification combined cycle power

generation (IGCC)

・Integrated coal gasification fuel cell combined cycle

power generation (IGFC)

・Hyper coal (ashless coal) power generation system

ASU

gasifiergas

coolergas

clean-upsteam turbine

combustor

gasturbine HRSG

coal

oxygen

nitrogen steam

steamash/slag

power

power

Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC )

Thermochemical Recuperative Steam Gasification

coal

H2O

Gasifier gas (H2,CO,

CO2,CH4), tar

char

Power

Waste

heat

(873-1073 K)

GT

(combustion)O2

Partial oxidation (> 1273 K)

(Exergy loss)

Thermochemical

recuperation

Process Reaction H [ kJ mol-1 ] Reaction rate

Steam-carbon reaction C + H2O CO + H2 131 Moderate

Shift reaction CO + H2O CO2 + H2 -41 Moderate

Partial oxidation 2C + O2 2CO -111 Rapid

Combustion C + O2 CO2 -393 Rapid

Boudoard reaction C + CO2 2CO 172 Slow

Exergy (available energy)

E = H - H0 - T0(S - S0)

ɛ (exergy rate) = 1-T0 (S - S0)/(H - H0)

( = 1-T0 ln(T/T0)/(T-T0) for thermal energy)

H : enthalpy

H0: enthalpy at T0 (298 K)

S : entropy

S0: entropy at T0 (298 K)

Exergy rate (exergy/enthalpy ratio)

Exergy rate (Exergy/Enthalpy ratio)

Reduction in exergy loss by gasification and H2 combustion

Exergy Loss in Combustion Process

Thermochemical cycle for hydrogen production

as a thermochemical heat pump

Cascade utilization IGCC Exergy recuperative IGCC/IGFC

Partial oxidation

Low cold gas efficiency

Recycle of waste heat from GT/FC

Large cold gas efficiency

Reduction of exergy loss

gasifier fuel cell GT STcoal

waste heat

gasifier GT STcoal

waste heat

gasifier fuel cell GT STcoal

gasifier GT STcoal

combustion

combustion

Integration Technology: Energy Cascading & Exergy Recuperation

Energy flow in the cascade utilization IGCC system

Cold gas efficiency 80%

enthalpy

exergy

21

h =28+ 24

100= 52% (48%)

Energy flow in the exergy recuperation IGCC system

h =47+12

100= 59% (57%)

enthalpy

exergy

28

h =32+16+12

100= 60% (55%)

Energy flow in the cascade utilization IGFC system

enthalpy

exergy

h =41+ 29+ 6

100= 76% (70%)

exhaust

loss

condenser

loss

10095 168

136

6841

2929

4141

66

4427

2414

8355

126

120

186

gasifier FC ST

power

powerGT

powerexergy rate

100

0

50

Energy flow in the exergy recuperation IGFC system

enthalpy

exergy

Targeted Advanced Coal Gasification Power Generation

・biomass, waste, plastics, heavy oil, etc.

・low rank coal

(1) More Efficient Utilization of Coal:

(2) Hybrid Gasification: Diversification of energy resources

(3) Zero-Emission:

・exergy recuperation technology

・partial oxidation gasification at high temperature

-> steam gasification at low temperature

・SOx, NOx, PM, heavy metals

・CO2 sequestration ready

・hydrogen co-production

Load map for advanced power generation technology

2000 2010 2020 2030

USC

GTACC

(1500ÅãC)

ACC(1700ÅãC)

USC(700ÅãC)

USC(800ÅãC)

AHAT

IGCC

(O2 blow)

A-IGCC

IGFCA-PFBC

IGHAT IGCC/IGH AT(coproduction)

gasifier

FC

combined

IGCC

(air blow)

fuel cell

hydrogen

combustion

turbine

closed

GTCC

PFBCA-IGFC

Load Map of IGCC65

60

55

50

45

40

2000 2010 2020 2030

Year

A-IGCC

1500ÅãC GT

53%

A-IGCC

1700ÅãC GT

57%

A-IGFC

Å`65%

IGFC

55%

IGCC

1500ÅãC GT

dry gas cleaning

48%

IGCC

1500ÅãC GT

wet gas cleaning

46%IGCC

1200ÅãC GT

dry gas cleaning

40.5%

A-PFBC

1300ÅãC GT

46%

ºC GT

ºC GT

ºC GT

ºC GT

ºC GT

ºC GT

Comparison between conventional and advanced IGCC/IGFC

Conventional IGCC/IGFC A-IGCC/IGFC

integration cascade utilization exergy recuperation

gasification

partial oxidation

high temperature

(1100-1500 ºC)

steam gasification

low temperature

(700-1000 ºC)

gasifier Entrained flow bedmulti-loop high density

solid circulation system

efficiency 46-48% (55%) 53-57% (65%)

Key technologies

•1700ºC GT, SOFC, MCFC,

•Efficient Hot gas cleaning, Effective gasification catalyst

• Multi-loop high density solid circulation system

Gasifier

Saarberg-Otto (1500-1650¡C)

Winkler (800-900¡C)

high temperature Winkler (900- 1100¡C)

Lurgi (760-870¡C)GE (1350-1500¡C)

Slagging Lurgi (1400-1600¡C)

Kopper-Totzek (1500-1600¡C)

softeningtar formation(450 - 500¡C)

clinker formation

melted slug(1200¡C <)

Coal and Ash

fluidized bed entrained flow bed

melting bedmoving bed

0 500 1000 1500 2000

Temperature [ ¡C ]

pyrolysis(300¡C-)

methanation< 800¡C)

equilibrium

volatile matter CH4 formation NOx formation

Gasification Reactions

Gasifier

Pilot and

Commercial Plant

dry ash(<1000¡C)

rapid pyrolysis(450 - 600¡C)

(1000 - 1200¡C)

(1300¡C < )

Transport Reactor

J. Matthew Nelson et al. Proc. of 18th Low-Rank Fuels Symposium, Session 2B - Gasification June 24-26, 2003, Billings, Montana

Hhbrid Gasification of

coal, biomass, waste plastics,

Co-production of

chemicals

Co-production of

Steel iron

Ｈ２ Production

CO2 sequestration

FCV

Syn gas

（H2、CO）

oil

Hydrogen

Station

IGCC／IGFC

ST

GT boiler

FC

gasification

biomass

coal

waste

gasifier

ＤＭＥ、ＧＴＬ

Stee

l

Ｈ２ＣＯ２

Stationary FC

slug

Efficient

utilization

高炉

Electric

power

Japan’s New Coal Policy

C3 Initiative towards the establishment of the Clean Coal Cycle

Chemical

Iron ore Reduced ore

Storage

Consumer use/

transportation

Power plants,

Automobiles, etc.

METI

Demonstration of diversified CCT models, with coal gasification as the core technology

Summary

The hydrogen and power co-production by using the

exergy recuperation gasification technology could

considerably increase the energy utilization efficiency.

In the advanced IGCC/IGFC for hydrogen and power

co-production, a multi-loop high density solid

circulation system is required to be developed as a

gasifier.

1700ºC GT, SOFC, MCFC, and efficient hot gas

cleaning are also important key technologies for A-

IGCC, IGFC

It is necessary to facilitate gasification at low

temperature (700-1000 ºC) by using effective catalyst.

Acknowledgement

Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI)

New Energy and Industrial Technology

Development Organization (NEDO)

Core Research for Evolutional Science and

Technology (CREST) by Japan Science and Technology Organization (JST)

Japan Coal Energy Center (JCOAL)

IHI, Co. Ltd.

Dr. Hiroshi Furutani (AIST)

The End

Thank you very much!

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