“Advance Regional Training Workshop on Larval Identification and Early Life History Science”

(May 26 – June 15, 2008)

FAMILY SCOMBRIDAE

By:

Rhoda S. Servidad

Tribe Sardini Vertebrae Count

Cybiosarda 47-48

Gymnosarda 38

Sarda 44-46

Tribe Scomberomorini

Acanthocybium 62-64

Grammatorcynus 31

Scomberomorus 41-56

Tribe Scombrini

Rastrelliger 31

Scomber 31

Tribe Thunnini

Auxis 39

Euthynnus 39

Katsuwonus 41

Thunnus 39

Family: Scombridae

Subfamily: Scombrinae

Tribe: Sardini (Bonitos)

Scombrini (mackerels)

Scomberomorini (Spanish Mackerels)

Thunnini (Tunas)

Thunnus alalunga

Family: Scombridae Subfamily: Scombrinae(Thunnini)Species Name: Thunnus alalungaSampling Position: Eastern PhilippineSampling Gear: Ring net (60 cm dia,

330 micron mesh size)Stage: FlexionMeasurements:

BL 8.8 mmHL 2.4 mmED 0.9 mmSnL 1.1 mmPAL 1.3 mmBD 1.8 mm

Counts:D: V,12 A: 8 P1: 30P2: cannot be seenC: 9+8=17Myomeres: 38-39 counts

Pigmentation:

> Pigment on the tip of upper snout> gut pigmented extended up to internal opercular portion > 1st dorsal fins heavily pigmented; and> midbrain pigments present

Head Spination: > Preopercular spines well develop > 1st dorsal fins spinous (5-6 spines)

Thunnus obesus

Family: Scombridae

Subfamily: Scombrinae(Thunnini)

Species Name: Thunnus obesus

Sampling Location: Eastern Philippines

Sampling Gear: Ring net (60 cm diameter;330 microns mesh size)

Stage: Flexion

Measurements:

BL 5.7 mm

HL 2.1 mm

ED .8 mm

SnL .9 mm

PAL 3.1 mm

BD 1.4 mm

Counts:

D= VI, 14

P1= 30

C= 9+8=17

A= 14

P2= cannot be seen

Myomeres: 39 counts

Pigmentation:

Midbrain pigments present

1st dorsal fins heavily pigmented

pigments on the tip of upper & lower snout

pigment spot on ventral edge

gut surface pigmented

Head Spination:

Preopercular spines well developed

1st dorsal fins spinous (5 spines)

Thunnus albacares

Family: Scombridae

SubFamily: Scombrinae (Thunnini)

Species: Thunnus albacares

Sampling Location: Similan Island

Andaman Sea

Sampling Gear: MIK(2m dia.1 mm mesh size)

Stage: FlexionMeasurements:

BL 5.5 mm

HL 2.4 mm

ED .9 mm

SnL 1.1 mm

PAL 3.6 mm

BD 1.9 mm

Counts:

D= VI, 14

P1= 30

C= 9+8=17

A= 13

P2=cannot be seen

Myomeres: 39 counts

Pigmentation:

Midbrain pigment present

tip of 1st dorsal fins heavily pigmented

tip of upper and lower snout pigmented

gut pigmented

Head Spination:

Preopercular spines well developed

1st dorsal fins spinous (6 spines)

Katsuwonus pelamis

Family: Scombridae

SubFamily: Scombrinae(Thunnini)

Species : Katsuwonus pelamis

Sampling Location: Eastern Phils.

Sampling Gear: Ring Net (60 cm dia.

330 microns mesh size)

Stage: Flexion

Measurements:

BL 5.8 mm

HL 2.5 mm

ED .8 mm

SnL 1.1 mm

PAL 3.5 mm

BD 2 mm

Katsuwonus pelamis

Counts:

D= VI, 14

P1= 26

C= 9+8=17

A= 12-14

P2= 1,5

Pigmentation:

Forebrain pigment and midbrain pigments present

pigments on the tip of upper and lower snout

dorsal portion of gut pigmented

conspicuous pigment spot in the ventral edge

Head Spination:

Preopercular spines present

1st dorsal spines not well developed (6 spines)

Auxis spp.

Family: Scombridae

SubFamily: Scombrinae (Thunnini)

Species: Auxis spp.

Sampling Location: Andaman Sea

Sampling Gear: Bongo Net

Stage: Flexion

Measurements:

BL 6.7 mm

HL 2.8 mm

ED .8 mm

SnL 1.1 mm

PAL 4.4 mm

BD 2.5 mm

Counts:

D= VI, 11-12

P1= 24

C= 9+8=17

A= 11-13

P2= I, 5

Myomeres: 39 counts

Auxis spp.

Pigmentation:

> midbrain pigments present

> pigment spot present on isthmus and just in front of anus

> pigments on tail towards caudal peduncle

Other Features:

> distinct gap bet. 1st and 2nd dorsal fins; body moderately elongate becoming w/development; head bigger blunt profile; relatively short jaws; gut compact and triangular shape

Head Spination:

> preopercular spines well developed

> 1st dorsal fins (4 spines)

Euthynnus spp.

Family: Scombridae

SubFamily: Scombrinae(Thunnini)

Species: Euthynnus spp.

Sampling Location: Andaman Sea

Sampling Gear: Bongo Net

Stage: Flexion

Measurements:

BL 5.5 mm

HL 2.3 mm

ED .7 mm

SnL 1 mm

PAL 3.3 mm

BD 1.6 mm

Counts:

D= V,12

P1= 26

C= 16-17

A= 12-14

Myomeres:

39 counts

Pigmentation:

Forebrain pigments and midbrain present

pigment spots on underside of lower jaw

pigment spot present on isthmus

Head Spination:

Preopercular spines present

1st dorsal fins spinous

Other Features:

body moderately stubby

large head

pointed snout and jaws

gape reaching beyond midpoint of eye

gut compact and triangular

Acanthocybium solandri

Family: Scombridae (Scomberomorini)Subfamily: ScombrinaeSpecies Name: Acanthocybium

solandriSampling Position: Eastern PhilippineSampling Gear: Ring net (60 cm dia,

330 micron mesh size)Stage: FlexionMeasurements: BL 7 mm

HL 3.8 mmED 0.6 mmSnL 2.4 mmPAL 6.9 mmBD 1.3 mm

Counts:D: not well developedC: 9+8A: 17P1: 23P2: not yet developedMyomeres: 62 – 64 counts

Pigmentation:Scattered spots on upper portion of the snout; and pigments present on

the tip of lower jaw distinct spots on upper surface of the gut 2nd dorsal and anal fin base have strong pigments patches directly

opposite one other

Head Spination:

Preopercular spines moderately developed

Other Features:

Body elongate through development

Large head

Upper jaw longer than lower jaw

Gut not as compact and triangular as in other Scombrid larvae

Scomberomorus spp.

Family: ScombridaeSubfamily: Scombrinae

(Scomberomorini)Species Name: Scomberomorus spp.Sampling Position: West Kalimantan,

IndonesiaSampling Gear: Bongo netStage: FlexionMeasurements:

BL 5.8 mmHL 2.6 mmED 0.6 mmSnL 1.3 mmPAL 2.9 mmBD 1.2 mm

Counts:D: Not yet developed A: not well developedP1: Cannot be seenP2: not yet developedC: 9+8=17Myomeres: 41-42

Pigmentation: > Midbrain pigments distinct forebrain pigment present tip of upper and lower snout pigmented conspicuous black pigment on the isthmus, and pigments on the

caudal fins.

Head Spination:> Supraoccipital crest pointed and distinct> Preopercular spines well developed

Rastrelliger spp.

Family: Scombridae (Scombrini)Subfamily: ScombrinaeSpecies Name:Rastrelliger spp.Sampling Position: West Kalimantan, IndonesiaSampling Gear: Bongo netStage: Flexion Measurements:

BL 6.2 mmHL 2.2 mmED 0.9 mmSnL 1.1 mmPAL 4.3 mmBD 2.4 mm

Counts:D: 12 A: 12-13 countsP1: 19P2: cannot be seenC: 9+8=17Myomeres: 13 +18 = 31

Pigmentation: > Pigments on the head portion, > pigment spots present on the fin bases of dorsal and ventral

edge of the body,> pigment spot on the midline of caudal peduncle and pigments on

the preopercular area. > pigments on the upper portion of the gut

Other Features: > head and mouth relatively small; rounded head; snout blunt; 2nd

dorsal fins develops before 1st dorsal finsHead Spination:

Absent

Sarda spp.

Family: Scombridae Subfamily: Scombrinae(Sardini)Species Name:Sarda spp.Sampling Position: West

Kalimantan, IndonesiaSampling Gear: Bongo netStage: PreFlexionMeasurements: BL 4.3 mm HL 2.5 mm ED 0.6 mm SnL 1.4 mm PAL 2.6 mm BD 1.4 mmCounts: D: not well developed A: not well developed P1: cannot be seen P2: not yet developed C: not well developed

Myomeres: 40-44 counts

Pigmentation:

Midbrain pigments present, pigment on the tip of upper and lower jaws, forebrain pigment present, conspicuous spot pigment on isthmus and just anterior to anus, 9-10 melanophores on ventral edge of tail

Head Spination:

>Preopercular spines present

>Supraoccipital spine weakly developed

> Supraorbital spines not yet developed

Family Mugilidae

INTRODUCTIONMugilidae – belonged to Order Mugiliformes

moderate size, cylindrical, silvery fishes that occupy a variety of marine and estuarine habitats.

feed on detrital and plant material and commonly in school

many species are commercially important

10 Indo-Pacific genera consist of about 30 species

Spawning Mode- eggs pelagic and spherical

Development at hatching – pigments change during yolk absorption and varies among species

larvae are characterized by virtual lack of head spination; a broad head; heavy pigment; a coiled but robust, underslung, relatively long gut; separate dorsal fins with 4 spines in the anterior fin; posterior placement of the pelvic fin and spinous dorsal fin and 24-25 myomeres.

Similar families – could be confused with some callionymids; toxotids and leptobramids whereas postflexion mugilid larvae resemble mullids and exocoetids.

Family: Mugilidae

Stage: Post flexion

Measurements:

BL: 4.5 mm

HL: 1.6 mm

ED: 0.6 mm

SnL: 0.5 mm

PAL: 3.3 mm

BD: 1.2 mm

Counts:

D – 1st Dorsal fins – absent

2nd Dorsal fins – 10 – 11 rays

P1 – not well developed

C – 8+7=15

A – 8 – 10 counts

P2 – cannot be seen

Myomeres:

24 counts

Pigmentation:

> heavily pigmented over the entire head and body

> melanophores present along lateral midlines of the trunk & along ventral midline of the tail

> pigments present on the dorsal surface of the gut & brain and on the tip of the snout

Head Spination:

Absent