Adoption of California Motor Vehicle Emission Standards Including Greenhouse Gases (GHG)

March 18, 2008Department of Environmental ProtectionDivision of Air Resource Management

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Governor’s Executive Order 07-127

"[Adopt] the California motor vehicle emission standards in Title 13 of the California Code of Regulations, effective January 1, 2005, upon approval by [the EPA of California's] pending waiver, which includes emission standards for greenhouse gases [GHG]."

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Adopting the California Rules

Why? Greater reductions of CO2

Sooner than Florida would otherwise

Purpose of workshop Presentation of concepts

Not rule language or structure Opportunity for public comment

Provide recommendations to DEP

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Presentation Outline

CO2 emissions from Florida vehicles Adoption process

Clean Air Act, waivers, and "identicality" California rules "package"

Implementation in Florida Minor changes and options to CA rules Conceptual proposals

Florida CO2 Emissions

Figure 5. CO2 Emissions by Energy Sub-sector in Florida - 2005

1%

2%

5%

44%

48%

Residential Commercial Industrial

Transportation Electric Utilities

Figure 5. CO2 Emissions by Energy Sub-sector in Florida - 2005

1%

2%

5%

44%

48%

Residential Commercial Industrial

Transportation Electric Utilities

Figure 8. CO2 Emissions from Transportation Sub-sector

in Florida - 2005

35%

29%

15%

1%

0%

10%

9%

1%

0%

Automobiles Light-Duty Trucks Heavy-Duty Trucks

Buses Motorcycles Aircraft

Ships and Boats Locomotive Pipelines

Figure 8. CO2 Emissions from Transportation Sub-sector

in Florida - 2005

35%

29%

15%

1%

0%

10%

9%

1%

0%

Automobiles Light-Duty Trucks Heavy-Duty Trucks

Buses Motorcycles Aircraft

Ships and Boats Locomotive Pipelines

Transportation accounts for over 40 percent of the CO2 emissions in Florida.

Automobiles and light-duty trucks account for nearly 2/3 of the transportation CO2 emissions.

CO2 Emissions from Florida Vehicles

Estimated GHG Reductionsfrom Florida Motor Vehicles

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GHG Emissions from FL Vehicles

Adopting the California GHG motor vehicle emission standards... ...is part of an integrated GHG strategy

...addresses a significant portion of GHG

...is consistent with achieving GHG goals

...involves a lag time of two (model) years

...achieves greater reductions sooner

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Presentation Outline

CO2 emissions from Florida vehicles Adoption process

Clean Air Act, waivers, and "identicality" California rules "package"

Implementation in Florida Minor changes and options to CA rules Conceptual proposals

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Adoption Process

Clean Air Act § 209(b)

California can... ...create new vehicle emission standards ...through an EPA waiver process

California has... ...developed GHG emission standards ...requested a waiver from EPA ...challenged EPA's denial

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Adoption Process

California's petition for review U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit Petition to intervene

State of Iowa Florida Department of Environmental

Protection

This DEP rulemaking assumes eventual approval of the GHG waiver.

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Adoption Process

Clean Air Act § 177

Florida can adopt California's rules Must adopt identical standards Cannot create a "3rd vehicle" Proposing to adopt now at 62-285.400 Commencement tied to waiver approval

Two model years after waiver

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California "Package"

Primary elements Low emission vehicle standards (LEV) Greenhouse gas standards (GHG) Zero emission vehicles (ZEV)

Other provisions Warranties Recalls

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Emission Standards (LEV & GHG)

Tailpipe standards for new vehicles California-issued

certification NMOG CO NOx

Formaldehyde Particulates

Some exemptions

Fleet average emissions Based on vehicles

delivered for sale NMOG Greenhouse gases

Flexible cap & trade GHG credits, such as

Low-leak A/C Flex fuel vehicles Hybrids

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Percent Sales Requirements (ZEV)

Based on vehicles delivered for sale Percentage must be ZEV

Cap & trade approach Credits for partial ZEV

Hybrids, clean conventional, others

Pending California rulemaking Simplify requirements Add flexibility Better match technical feasibility "New Path" starting in 2012

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Warranties and Recalls

Integral part of California LEV program Emission control system components Certification based on vehicle durability

50,000 mile vs. 120,000 mile basis Standards vary depending on basis Impacts fleet-wide average credits

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Presentation Outline

CO2 emissions from Florida vehicles Adoption process

Clean Air Act, waivers, and "identicality" California rules "package"

Implementation in Florida Minor changes and options to CA rules Conceptual proposals

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Incorporate by Reference

Sections of California code, Title 13 Proposing...

"California" means "Florida" for compliance Fleet-wide averages Percent sales requirements

Technical aspects to remain with CARB Certification process itself, emissions testing Approval of alternatives, waivers Assembly-line inspections, other surveillance Initiating recalls

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Tweaks (New Definitions)

Definitions not in the incorporated rules Model year Greenhouse gas Gross vehicle weight Etc.

Definitions regarding Florida implementation Florida model year Manufacturer Dealer

Motor vehicle Custom vehicle Street rod

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New Vehicles & "Florida Model Year"

Rules apply only to new vehicles Motor vehicle Florida model year or subsequent

Two model years after GHG waiver approval Passenger car, light-duty truck, or

medium-duty vehicle New

Never transferred to an "ultimate purchaser" Less than 7500 miles

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Proposed Records and Reports

Manufacturers Annual report Fleet average remediation report Copies of certification (per engine family)

Dealers Only records similar to those already kept No reporting

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Warranties and Recalls

Same as California requirements

Modifications to required statements Adapt forms to Florida vehicle owners Telephone contact for Florida consumers

Recall campaigns in CA apply in FL Unless manufacturer demonstrates recall

is not applicable to Florida vehicles

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Enforcement Mechanisms

Enforce via records and reports Manufacturer and dealer Annual reports, copies of certification, etc.

No registration enforcement Compliance with fleetwide averages

Based on "delivered for sale" in Florida Soliciting comments on how to treat...

...rental cars ...sales in other states ...sales to consumers in other states

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DEP is Soliciting Comments on...

...exemptions for certain new vehicles (categorical and conditional)

...delivered for sale and use in Florida

...appropriate phase-in periods for fleetwide averages and sales requirements

...enforcement mechanisms, especially rental car fleets and cross-border sales

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Mail Comments to:

Mr. Greg DeAngeloDivision of Air Resource ManagementDepartment of Environmental Protection2600 Blair Stone Road, MS # 5500Tallahassee, FL 32399-2400

cc: Ms. Lynn Scearce, Rules Coordinator (same address)

Or e-mail to: Gregory.DeAngelo@dep.state.fl.usLynn.Scearce@dep.state.fl.us

(All comments are public records and will be posted on the Department's web site.)

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E-mail distribution list:

To receive updates on this project by e-mail, provide name, affiliation, and e-mail address to Ms. Lynn Scearce:

Lynn.Scearce@dep.state.fl.us

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Questions?