adaptations and supporting policies
DESCRIPTION
Adaptations and supporting policies. Based on Chapter 13. Outline. Framework for adaptations Win-win adaptations Supporting policies. Adaptation decision framework. Addresses climate change. Long-term Loss. Long-term Gain. Near-term Loss. Addresses present drivers. Win-Lose. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Adaptations and supporting policies
Based on Chapter 13
Outline
•Framework for adaptations
•Win-win adaptations
•Supporting policies
Adaptation decision framework
Lose-Lose
X X
Lose-Win
X
Win-Win
x
X
Long-term Loss Long-term GainN
ear-
term
Gai
nN
ear-
term
Los
sAddresses climate change
Add
ress
es p
rese
nt d
river
s
After Grafton (2010)
Win-Lose
•Practical adaptations and policies are needed to: Harness the opportunities expected from greater
abundances of tuna Replace the fish lost from degraded coral reefs Capitalise on the improved conditions for pond
aquaculture
Adaptations and policies
Adaptations for tuna
Ask
L-W
W-W
L-L
W-L
La Niña
El Niño
Source of map: Lehodey et al. (1977)
‘Vessel Days Scheme’ to manage effort of industrial tuna fleets
Cap and trade provisions of VDS enable all PNA members to receive some benefits during ENSO events, regardless of where tuna are concentrated
Adaptations for tuna
Ask
L-W
W-W
L-L
W-L
S
‘Vessel Days Scheme’ to manage effort of industrial tuna fleets
Source: Bell et al. (2011) and Lehodey et al. (2011)
• Allocation of vessel days is adjusted regularly 2050
2100
Adaptations for tuna
Immediate conservation measures for tuna
• Stopping overfishing of bigeye tuna, and preventing overfishing of other tuna, will:
maintain stocks at healthy levels make these valuable species more
resilient to climate change
L-W
W-W
L-L
W-L
Bigeye tuna
Other adaptations for tuna
•Improve safety at sea for vessels fishing in the cyclone belt
• Climate-proof infrastructure to prevent inundation by rising sea levels
Suggested supporting policies S
trengthen national capacity to implement the VDSI
nclude implications of climate change in management objectives of WCPFC
Develop further measures to reduce capture of bigeye tuna by purse-seine
Require tuna vessels to provide operational-level catch and effort data to improve tuna models
Adaptations for food security
Qua
ntity
of fi
sh/h
abita
tQ
uanti
ty o
f fish
/hab
itat
Time
Well-managed fisheries
Fish needed by growing population
Fish needed by growing population
Fish available from coastal stocks
Fish available from coastal stocks
Poorly-managed fisheries
Gap in supply of fish to be filled
Time
Fish available from stocks
Fish available from stocks
Fish habitat
Fish habitat
a)
b)
• Minimise the gap to be filled!
Adaptations for food securitySustain production of fish stocks
L-W
W-W
L-L
W-L
Maintaining spawning adults will help ensure replenishment and build resilience of key species
Adaptations for food securityReduce and diversify catches of demersal fish
L-W
W-W
L-L
W-L
Greater focus on herbivorous fish
Adaptations for food security
Increase access to tuna with anchored inshore Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs)
L-W
W-W
L-L
W-L
Adaptations for food security
Improve post-harvest methods
L-W
W-W
L-L
W-L
Photo: Jocelyn Carlin
Adaptations for food security Develop pond aquaculture for milkfish and Nile tilapia
L-W
W-W
L-L
W-L
Adaptations for food security
Increase supply of tuna to Nauru from industrial fleet for food security
L-W
W-W
L-L
W-L
Year Population
2010 10,000
2035 14,000
2050 16,000
2100 21,000
Adaptations for livelihoodsProvide attractive services to fleets (wharf facilities, re-fuelling, provisioning)
L-W
W-W
L-L
W-L
Suggested supporting policies •S
trengthen governance of agriculture and mining practices to prevent soil loss and pollution, to safeguard fish habitats and water quality
•Apply ‘primary fisheries management’ to coastal stocks to maintain their potential for replenishment
•Increase access to tuna for the food security
•Promote pond aquaculture
Key investments
Surveys of best sites for installing inshore FADs
Programmes to install and maintain FADs
Identify prime locations for pond aquaculture
Hatcheries and networks to deliver juveniles
Evaluate merits of micro-credit schemes to develop fisheries around FADs; expand pond aquaculture; and scale-up post-harvest processing
Conclusions
•Win-win adaptations are available to reduce risks and capitalise on opportunities
• Supporting policies are required
•Integrate adaptations and policies into national strategies and action plans for climate change