ad-756 894 - dtic · •t 17 world wido standard soitmoaraph stations (wwsss), in dotormlnlna tho...

AD-756 894

P AND PKP CODA DECAY CHARACTERISTICS FOR EARTHQUAKES

T . J . Cohen , e t al

Teledyne Geotech

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20 November 1972

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P AND PKP CODA DECAY CHARACTERISTICS FOR EARTHQUAKES

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J IIII"'OIU TITLI

p AND PKP CODA DECAY CHARACTERISTICS FOR EARTHQUAKES

45D_I}I!. .. ,~T1vr r~u· ~ ., ,.,., .,., .... ,.,.," ,., .. ) c1ent1 c I· AUTHOIII(S) (L .. I n-•· lire I ~~-•· lnlllol)

Cohen, T .J •; Sweetser, E. I. ; Dutterer, T.J.

I· IIIIP'O lilT DATI 70• ~6r~~O~Ae•o I~·· NO. Of' ......

20 November 1972 to. CONT .. ACT 0" I"ANT NO, F33657-72-C-0009

lo. O .. IIINATO"'I ..... O .. T NUM •• ..,IJ

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Washington, D.C. 1J AISTIIIACT

•' '· ..

r Mnd PKP codA cltaractori•tic• aro dotormlnod (or oarthquakoa fro• 15 aala•lc raaion• at recorded •t 17 World Wido Standard Soitmoaraph Stations (WWSSS), In dotormlnlna tho coda characterittlca for an event, amplitude moaturumonta, scaled relative to tho larae•t excursion in the coda, aro ••do In tuccoaaivo tlmo wlndow1 1 and tho codM onvolopo obtained by connoctlna tuccottive obtorvatlont. Tho Individual cod• ovoraao coda and 1tandard iloviatlona about tho avoraao cod• a1 ~ function of tiMe into tho coda jln unit• of ~~J aro alvon for oach tot or moature•ent•• Thu coda for event• In a atvon roalon rocordo at a alvon d atanco are found to ho very timllar to tho coda for ovont• fro• another · ro111on rocordod ot tho 11mo dlltanco. That ll, coda charac~rlltlca aro dottrlllnod pr111art ly by tho urlv•J tlmu and •mplitudo of ·~aniflcant 1oco11dary phut "-1)1•urther, tho coda ch'ra~torlltlet dotormlnod for lorao ovonta (6,0 mh~7.0) appear ~r,pllcablo t~~m•ller ovent1 (5,0 ·~ 6,0) 11 well. llalna d11ta In tho rrrnao 45"<11<80", tho lo~rtorm •·coda daca~ ~n•tant l ror ehp10 tl••• aroaur than four minutu 11 ,0017 per ucond (o• ), In tho ranae II •c clos•, the deuy conltant ll 1011owh•t hr11or, heinll on tho or•Jor of ,0037 por tocond, \

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'a ICI V ~011101 k art quo. e Coda P-Coda PKP-Coda Coda Decay Characteristics

J" . Uncltlllfie~

P AND PKP CODA DECAY CIIARACTLRISTICS

FOR EARTIIQUAKIiS

SEISMIC DATA LABORATORY REPORT NO. 301

AITAC Project No.: V1.;LA T/2706

Project Title: c ■ Seismic Data Laboratory

AKPA Order No.: 1714

ARI'A Program Code No.: 2F-10

Name of Contractor: TELEDYNE GEOTECII

Contract No.:

Date of Contract:

Amount of Contract:

Contract Expiration Date

Project Manager:

m657-72-C-000y

01 July 1971

$ 1,7 36,000

31 October 1972

Robert R. Blandlord (703) 836-3882

i P. 0. Box 334. Alexandria, Virginia 22314

APPROVED FOR PUBL?C RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED

TABLE OF CONTENTS

#

Page No,

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION 1

DATA 2

ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES 3

RESULTS 4

CONCLUSIONS iQ

REFERENCE H

.

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Title Figure No.

Regions used in coda analysis study. 1

Map showing location of worldwide network, 2

Coda measurement technique. 3

a.) Single coda determinant; b.) Determination of representative coda envelope from a set of coda determinations, 4

Travel-time curves for P phases. 5

^oda characteristics. South America

ADE, P coda 6

ADE, PKP coda 7

AQU, P coda g

BOZ, P coda 9

CIIG, PKP coda 10

CMC, P coda 11

DAL, P coda 12

DAV, PKP coda 13

IST, P coda 14

1ST, PKP coda 15

KBL, PKP coda 16

KON, P coda 17

KON, PKP coda 18

MAL, P coda 19

IT

/

MAT, PKP coda

LIST OF FIGURES (Cont'd.)

Figure Title Figure No

Coda characteristics, South America

MAT, PKP coda 20

MUN, PKP coda 21

NÜI, PKP coda 22

SEO, PKP coda 23

SHI, PKP coda 24

WES, P coda 25

Coda characteristics. Central America

ADE, PKP coda 26

AQU, P coda 27

BOZ, P coda

CHG, PKP coda

CMC, P coda

DAL, P coda 3!

DAV, PKP coda 32

IST, P coda 33

KBL, PKP coda 34

KON, P coda 35

MAL, P coda 3g

MAT, P coda 37

28

29

30

38

MUN, PKP coda 39

.

LIST OF FIGURES (Cont'd )

Figure Title

Coda characteristics, Central America

NDI, PKP coda

SEO, PKP coda

SHI, PKP coda

WES, P coda

Coda characteristics, California and Western United States

ADE, PKP coda

AQU, P coda

BOZ, P coda

CMC, PKP coda

CMC, P coda

DAL, P coda

DAV - No observations

1ST - P coda

KBL - PKP coda

KON - P coda

MAL - P coda

MAT - P coda

MUN - PKP coda

NDI - P coda

Figure No,

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

54

55

56

57

-

t

3?

LIST OF FIGURES (Cont'il.)

Figure Title

Coda characteristics, California and Western United States

NDI - PKP coda

SCO - P coda

SHI - P coda

WHS - P coda

Coda characteristics, Alaska

AL)E - no observations

AQU - P coda

BOZ - P coda

CMC - P coda

CMC - P coda

DAL - P coda

DAV - P coda

1ST - P coda

KBL - P coda

KON - P coda

MAL - P coda

MAT - P coda

MUN - PKP coda

NDI - P coda

Figure No,

58

S9

60

61

62

63

64

65

66

67

68

69

70

71

72

73

74

75

jZ^

Mi

LIST OF FIGURES (Cont'd.) Figure Fitle Figure No

Coda Characteristics, Al aska

SEO - P coda 76

SHI - P coda 77

WES - P coda 78

Coda characteristics, Al eutlan Islands

ADE - P coda 79

AQU - P coda 80

BOZ - P coda 81

CHG - P coda 82

CMC - P coda 83

DAL - P coda 84

DAV - P coda 85

1ST - P coda 86

KBL - P coda 87

KON - P coda 88

MAL - P coda 89

MAT - P coda 90

MUN - P coda 91

NDI - P coda 92

SEO - P coda 93

SHI - P coda 94

WES - P coda 95

•

-0

/


Figure Title Figure No

Coda characteristics, Kamchatka-Kurile Islands

ADE - P coda

AQU - P coda

BOZ - P coda

CUG - P coda

CMC - P coda

DAL - P coda

DAV - P coda

1ST - P coda

KBL - P coda

KON - P coda

MAL - P coda

MAT - P coda

MUN - P coda

NDI - P coda

SEO - P coda

SHI - P coda

WES - P coda

Coda characteristics, Japan

ADE - P coda

96

97

98

99

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

107

108

109

110

111

112

113

rr

•

LIST OF FIGURES (Cont'd.) Figure Title

Coda Characteristics, Japan

AQU - P coda

BOZ - P coda

CHG - P coda

CMC - P coda

DAL - P coda

DAV - P coda

1ST - P coda

KBL - P coda

KON - P coda

MAL - P coda

MAT - P coda

MUN - P coda

NDI - P coda

SEO - P coda

SHI - P coda

WES - P coda

Coda characteristics, Philippine Islands- Taiwan

ADE - P coda

AQU - P coda

BOZ - P coda

Figure No.

114

115

116

117

118

119

120

121

122

123

124

125

126

127

128

129

130

131

132

JT


Figure Title

Coda characterirtics, soi-mon Islands- New HebtAdes

Figure No,

HO: - P coda

CHG - P coda

CMC - P coda

DAL - PKP coda

DAV - P coda

1ST - PKP coda

KBL - P coda

KBL - PKP coda

KON - PKP coda

MAL - PKP coda

MAT - P code

MUN - P coda

NDI - P coda

SEO - P coda

SHI - P coda

SHI - PKP coda

WES - PKP coda

Coda characteristics, Sumatra

ADE - P coda

AQU - No observations

- Java

U

1S1 ■ 1 1S2

153

154

155

156 '

157

158

159

160

161

162

163

164

165

166

167 •

168 #

169



Coda Characteristics, Sumatra-Java

BOZ - PKP coda 170

171

172

173

174

175

176

177

178

179

180

181

182

183

184

185

186

CIIG - P coda

CMC - P coda

CMC - PKP coda

DAL - PKP coda

DAV - P coda

1ST - P coda

KBL - P coda

KON - P coda

JIAL - P coda

MAL - PKP coda

MAT - P coda

MUN - P coda

NDI - P coda

SEO - P cod«

SHI - P coda

WES - PKP coda

Coda Fiji

ADE -

character Islands

P coda

AQU - PKP coda

un

187

188

LIST OF FIGURES (Cont'd.) Figure Title Figure No

Coda Characteristics, Tonga Island-Fiji Islands BOZ - P coda 189

CHG - P coda 190

CMC - P coda 191

DAL - P coda 192

DAV - P coda 193

1ST - PKP coda 194

KBL - PKP coda 195

KON - PKP coda 196

MAL - PKP coda 197

MAT - P coda 198

MUN - P coda 199

NDI - PKP coda 200

SEO - P coda 201

SHI - PKP coda 202

WES - PKP coda 203

Coda characteristics, Turkey- •Greece

ADE - PKP coda 204

AQU - P coda 205

BOZ - P coda 206

CHC - P coda 207

CMC - P coda 208

Zff



Coda characteristics. Turk ey •Greece

DAL •

DAV -

1ST -

P coda

P coda

P coda

209

210

211

1 • KBL -

KON -

MAL -

MAT -

MUN -

NDI -

SEO -

SHI -

WES -

P coda

P coda

P coda

P coda

PKP coda

P coda

P coda

P coda

P coda

212

2n

214

215

216

217

218

219

220

Coda characteristics, Iran- •Turkey

ADE - P coca 221

ADE - PKP coda 222

AQU • P coda 223

. BOZ -

CHG -

P coda

P coda

224

225

CMC -

DAL -

P coda

No observations

226

227

0

\. I I


Figure Fitle Figure No

Coda characteristics, Iran- Tu rkey

DAV - P coda 228

1ST - P coda 229

KBL - P coda 230

KON - P coda 231

MAL - P coda 232

MAT - P coda 233

MliN - P coda 234

NDI - P coda 235

Sk:0 - P coda 236

SHI - P coda 237

WES - P coda 238

Coda characteristics, Tadzh ik -Hindu Kush

ADE - P coda 239

AQU - P coda 7.40

BOZ - P coda 241

CMC - P coda 242

CMC - P coda 243

DAL - P coda 244

DAL - PKP coda 245

DAV - P coda 246

>&

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Figure Title Figure No,

Coda characteris tics, Tad zhik-Hi ndu Kush

1ST - P coda 247

KBL - P coda 248

KON - P coda 249

MAL - P coda 250

MAT - P coda 251

MUN - P coda 2S2

NDI - P coda 253

SEO - P coda 254

SHI - P coda 255

WES - P coda 256

Coda characteristics, China- •Nep al-Burma

ADE - P coda 257

AQ'J - P coda 258

BOZ - P coda 259

CHG - P coda 260

CMC - P coda 261

DAL - PKP coda 262

DAV - P coda 263

1ST - P coda 264

KBL - P coda 26 5

JUV

\

Figure Title

Coda characteristics, China-Nepal-Burma

KON - P coda

MAL - P coda

MAT - P .oda

MUN - P coda

NDI - P coda

SEO - P coda

SHI - P coda

WES - PKP coda

Coda characteristics, worldwide events, 20° to 45°.



Coda characteristics, Kair hatka Kurile Islands (5.0<mb<5.8)

NP-NT - P coda

RK-ON - P coda

WMO - P coda

Figure No.

266

267

268

269

270

271

272

273

274

275

276

277

278

279

ffBt*

/

VIII

IX

LIST OP TABLES

Table Title Tablt. iNo

liurthquake lipicentral Regions I

Station Information - Worldwide Network II

livents Analyzed, Area I, South America n:

livcnts Analyzed, Area II, Central America IV

livents Analyzed, Area III, California and Western United States V

Lvents Analyzed, Area IV. Alaska VI

Uvents Analyzed, Area V, Aleutian Islands VII

livents Analyzed, Area VI, Kamchatka-Kuri le Islands

tvents Analyzed, Area VII, Japan

tvents Analyzed, Area VIII, Philippine Islands-Taiwan

Pvents Analyzed, Area IX, Solomon Islands- New Hebrides

Pvents Analyzed, Area X, Sumatra-Java

Events Analyzed, Area XI, Tonga Isiands- Piji Islands

Events Analyzed, Area XII, Turkey-Greece *

Events Analyzed, Area XIII, Iran-Turkey

Events Analyzed, Area XIV, Tadzhik-Mindu Kush

Events Analyzed, Area XV, China-Nepal-Burma

P and PKP Coda, Station and Region Totals

Events Analyzed, Worldwide Distribution, 20° to 45° XIX

IX

XII

XIII

XIV

XV

XVI

XVII

XVIII

JU^

LIST OF TABLIiS (Cont'd.)

Table Title

Events Analyzed, Worldwide Distribution. 45° to 80°

livents Analyzed, Worldwide Distribution. 80° to 105° *

Table No,

XX

XXI

r xr

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}\

INTRODUCTION

In this report we examine coda characteristics for

earthquakes from 15 seismic regions as recorded at 17

World Wide Standard Seismograph Station (WWSSS). Whenever

possible, events with body wave magritude ra. > 6.0 were

examined, since the coda for large events stay above

the ambient noise level for relatively longer time periods.

In this report, we present the average coda

determinations and their standard deviations, and some

general observations on coda characteristics. These

data can be used, for example, to determine how often

the signals from one event are masked in the coda of

another event.

I I

DATA

Using the list of seismic events compiled by the

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA),

earthquakes with m. > 6.0 were selected for each region

shown in Figure 1 (Table I), Film chips of seismograms

recorded for these events by 17 WWSSS stations (Figure 2,

Table II) were then ordered from NOAA for study. For

reasons related to seismogram quality and station outage,

the original ist of events was supplemented with events

of m. < 6. Summary lists of the events studied, together

with the stations used with each event, are given in

Tables III through XVII. Table XVIII summarizes the data

analyzed by station, region, and phase (P or PKP).

-2-

/'•

ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES

The method used to determine coda decay character-

istics is shown in Figure 3. Amplitude measurements,

scaled relative to the largest excursion in the F or

PKP coda, are made in a specified set of successive time

windows. Measurements are made until the coda decays

into the pre-existing ambient noise level, or until a

period of 15 minutes has elapsed from the time of coda

onset. In a few cases, measurements terminated with the

arrival of a second event.

The principal coda maxima are next plotted on log-

linear paper, and the coda envelope obtained by connecting

successive determinations. For example, the coda measure-

ments of Figure 3 yield the coda envelope shown in

Figure 4a, If the coda measurements for a set of events

from a given region are plotted for a station, a graph

similar to that in Figure 4b may be obtained. The coda

characteristic for events from a given region as

recorded at a particular station may then be defined

in several ways. One might construct an envelope which

allows 51 (or one) of the coda determinations to fall

below the curve specified. Alternatively, as is done in

this report, the average coda can be determined and a

statistic associated with the spread in data.

-3-

1

I

RESULTS

Coda decay characteristics for events in the 15

regions studied are given in Figures 6 through 272 (see

List of Figures for a breakdown of figure numbers by

region and station). The individual coda are shown by

Hotted lines, while he solid line shows the average

c>da decay curve. The table accompanying each graph

lists the average coda values and their corresponding

standard deviations (in units of m. ) as a function of

elapsed time. In determining the average coda decay

curve, coda observations for a given event were termi-

nated at the minimum coda value observed for that event.

Whether the P or PKP coda is given for a station

depends on the station's distance from the events

analyzed. In some cases a station will see P for events

in one portion of a region, while PKP will arrive first

from events in another portion. Where this occurs, two

graphs of coda characteristics are given. One observa-

tion to be drawn from these data is that coda charac-

teristics are not strongly influenced by epicentral

region, they are controlled primarily by the arrival

times of significant secondary phases. To illustrate

this, we cite below several types of coda characteristics,

grouped by epicentral distance:

I 20° - 45°

II 45° - 80°

III 80° - 105°

In the first distance range, 20° to 45°, reference

to the travel-time curves for P phases (Figure 5) shows

-4-

/

1

that the secondary phase PP should arrive up to 2 minutes

after the P phase. Further, one might expect a third

arrival, PcP 4 to 2 minutes into the P coda. Between 35°

and 45°, ScP is observed 5 to 6 minutes after the arrival

of P. Though not shown in Figure 5, between 6 and 20

minutes into the P coda, surface-wave arrivals should be

observed. This characterization is seen, for example, in

the coda determined for California-Western United States

events recorded at CMC (Figure 48, 25-42°), for Solomon

Islands->iew Hebrides events recorded at ADE (Figure 149,

30-34°; and for Iran-Turkey events recorded at NDI

(Figure 235, 19-35°). These data, together with other

well-determined coda characteristics for events recorded

at epicentral distances between 20° to 45° (Table XIX)

yield the results shown in Figure 274. The a/erage coda

decay curve has a representative standard deviation of about ♦ .25 mb units.

One caution should be noted in using the coda

determined for the range 20° to 45°. While high coda

levels are observed in the P coda due to the arrival of

surface waves, these arrivals have periods on the order

of 1 to 3 seconds, and sometime« greater. As such,

despite the high amplitude of the surface wave arrival,

the arrival from an explosion, due to its shorter period,

may be distinguishable in the surface-wave background.

Use of coda where large-amplitude suface-wave arrivals

are present therefore, will lead one to overestimate tha

number of masking opportunities. We suggest that in

computing masking opportunities, large-amplitude surface-

wave arrivals should be omitted, and the coda allowed to

-5-

\

decay at rates determined elsewhere in this report.

In the distance interval 45° to 80°, PcP is the

first secondary arrival which is both predictable and

significant. This phase arrives between 2 and 0 minutes

after the P arrival in the distance range considered,

and precedes the arrival of the somewhat less significant

PP phase by 0 to 3 minutes. Representative coda fo» ipi-

central distances of froja 45° to 80° include the coda

for Kamchatka-Kurile Island events recorded it BOZ

(S4-65-) for Japan events recorded at NDI (51-61*), and

for Philippine Island events recorded at SHI (60-78°).

These coda sets, together with those listed in Table XX

were used to produce the 4So-to-80', coda representation

shown in Figure 27S. The average curve determined from

the composite data set has a standard deviation of

about 1 .25 nu units. For elapsed times between 4 and

10 minutes, the coda decay constant X is .0017 per

second (e~ ; t in seconds).

With respect to the distance interval 80° to 105°,

we fine», first, that between 80° and 90°, P and PcP

arrive almost simultaneously; the largest coda amplitude,

the efore, is generally found in the first 30 seconds of

the short-period record. An example of coda in this range

is the data for Kamchatka-Kurile Island events recorded

at WES (Figure 112). Beyond 90°, P becomes weaker, and

both P and PP, the latter delayed 3 to 4 minutes relative

to P, control the coda characteristics (see, for example,

the data for South American events recorded at CMC

(Figure 11)). Using the data given in Table XXI, we

obtain the average 80° to 105° coda representation shown

-6-

/

in Figure 276. The nominal standard deviation is ♦ .25 m. — b

units. At elapsed times between 4 and 9 minutes, the

iverage coda decay constant is .0037 per second.

Beyond 105° a great variation in cod^ characteiistics

as a function of distance is observed. For example,

between 105° and 110°, the first arrival, which may or

may not be observed due to its low amplitude, is

diffracted P. This arrival fi followed about 4,5 minutes

later by PP, whicii is the largest-amplitude phase in

the P co'ia in this distance interval. The coda decay

curve shown in Figure 6, obtained from a South American

event recorded at ADE (A-1070), exhibits these charac-

teristics.

In the distance interval 110° to 120°, it may be

possible to observe weak diffracted P signals as the

first arrival. The arrival of this phase, if it is

observed, will be followed about 4 minutes later by the

arrival or PKIKP, the largest-amplitude phase in the

short-period seismogram. Approximately 1 minute after

the arrival of PKIKP, PP will arrive, followed approxi-

mately 3 minutes later by the arrival of SKP (PKIKP-SKP~4

minutes). The coda characteristics observed at DAL for

a large (m^ • 6.S) Tadzhik event (Figure 244) display

these features.

Between 120° and 140°, the first arrival, PKIKP,

is the largest amplitude phase on the short-period

vertical record, r Uowing this arrival by approxi-

mately 3.5 minutes is the phase SKP. SKP is also of

large amplitude, and is more readily observable than PP,

which can arrive up to 2 minutes earlier than SKP in

-7-

this distance interval. Examples of these characteristics

are seen in the coda determined for Central American

events recorded at ND1 (Figure 40).

In the distance interval 140° to 150°, PKP. and

PKI'2 arrive almost simultaneously, producing a large-

amplitude first arrival. Approximately 3 minutes into

the PKP coda, PP arrives, followed shortly thereafter

(-0.5 minutes) by the arrival of SK0. Several of the

PKP coda observed for Central American events recorded

at CHG exhibit these characteristics (Figure 29). Though

not apparent in Figure 29 (due to the manner in which

the coda are quantified), PP is dominant over SKP in

this distance interval.

Beyond 150°, the first arrival is PKP,, followed

up to 2 minutes later by tne arrival of PKP2. Of the

two, PKP, is stronger. PKP2, in turn, is followed

approximately 3.5 minutes later by the arrival ot PP.

The coda for South American events recorded at CHG

(Figure 10) exhibit these characteristics.

A second finding of this study if that coda

determined from large events (6,0?m.<J7.0) appear

applicable to smaller events as well. To sec this, we

show in Figures 277 through 279 some earlier coda

determinations for Kamchatka-Kurile Islands events

recorded at NP-NT, RK-ON, and WMO. These coda were

determined for events in the magnitude range 5.0^m.^5.8.

Compare the NP-NT coda with the coda obtained at MUN

(6.Ü^mj*6.7; Figure 162) for Solomon Islands-New Hebrides

events. Both sets of determinations have their peak values

in the first 30 seconds of the seismogram, thereafter

-8-

falling to a relative minima (10% to i0\) at an elapsed

time of about one minute. A relative maxima (20» to 50t)

is observed for both data sets between l.S and 2.5

minutes, most probably related to the arrival of PcP.

Following this relative maxima, the coda decay to values

on the order of 5t to 201 at an elapsed time of 5 minutes,

For comparison, the average coda decay curve determined

for the MUN data is superimposed on the NP-NT data.

Given the spread in observations observed for the MUN

coda (-.3 mb units), we can not reject the hypothesis

that the average coda decay curve determined from the

MUN coda is representative of the average decay characteristics for the NP-NT data.

Similar observations can be made using the Kamchatka-

Kurile Islands coda decay curves determined at RK-ON

(Figure 278) and the Alaskan data obtained for KON

(5.7<mb<6.8; Figure 71) and using Kamchatka-Kurile

Islands data from WMO (Figure 279) and 1ST (5.8^7.0;

Figure 103). These comparisons suggest that the average

coda decay curves presented in this report should be

applicable over a magnitude range of at least 5.0?mb?7.0.

•9-

CONCLUSIONS

From an examination of P and PKP coda for earthquakes

from 15 seismic regions as recorded at 17 World Wide

Standard Seismograph Stations, we conclude:

1. Coda for events in a given region recorded at

a given distance are found to be very similar to the

coda for events from another region recorded at the

same distance. That is, coda characteristics are

determined primarily by the arrival times and amplitudes

of significant secondary phases.

2. Coda characteristics determined for large events

(ö.O^ra. ?7.0) appear applicable to smaller events

(S.O^m. 5!6,0) a*» well. The average coda determinations

presented in this report, therefore, are representative

of coda for events in the range S.O^m. ?7,0.

3. Using data in the range 450<A<800, the long-term

P-coda decay constant V for elapsed times greater than

4 minutes is ,0017 per second (e' ), In the range

800<A<1050, the decay constant is somewhat larger,

being on the order of .0037 per second.

-10-

REFERENCE

Herrin, E. (Editor), 1961, 1968 Seismological tables for

P phases: Bull. Seis. Soc. Am., v. 58. No. 4, August

-11«

TABLE I

Earthquake Epicentral Regions

REGION

I

LOCATION

LATITUDE (RANGE DEGREES)

10N-40S

LONGITUDE (RANGE DEGREES)

65W- 81W South America

II Central America 5N-20N 81W-109W III California and Western

United States 20N-45N 109W-131W

• IV Alaska 55N-65N 143W-160W V Aleutian Is. 50N-55N 160W-170E VI Kamchatka-Kurile Is. 42N-57N 14SE-167E VII Japan 9N-45N 136E-145E VIII Philippine Is.-Taiwan 10S-33N 120E-132E IX Solomon Is.-New Hebrides 1S-23S 136E-175E X Sumatra-Java 15S-20N 90E-I20E XI Tonga Is.-Fiji Is. 15S-38S J71 -17SW XII Turkey-Greece 33N-47N 8E- 36E XIII Iran-Turkey 25N-45N 36E- 66E XIV Tadzhik-Hindu Kush 27N-42N 66E- 80E XV China-Nepal-Burma 20N-50N 80E-110r

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z u m ■^ • ■r* 3 U) o a ■n V M h in z VI ■ 3 00 -1

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30

I» /

(

TABLE XVIX

Events Analyzed, Worldwide Distribution, 20° to 45c

REGION

Central America

Central America

California

Alaska

Alaska

Japan

Solomon Is.-New Hebrides

Sumatra-Java

Turkey-Greece

Turkey-Greece

Turkey-Greece

Iran-Turkey

Iran-Turkey

Tadzhik-Hindu Kush

China-Nepal-Burma

STATION

BOZ

WES

CMC

BOZ

CMC

DAV

ADE

DAV

KON

MAL

SHI

KON

NDI

1ST

SHI

EVENTS DELETED

15 Dec 65

16 Aug 66

07 Aug 66, 15 Aug 66

07 Jun 66, 26 Aug 67

24 Mar 67

30 Nov 67

20 Aug 66

21 Jun 65

\

31 . %.

TABLE XX

Events Analyzed, Worldwide Distribution, 45° to 80'

REGION

South America

South America

Kamchatka-Kurile Is.

Japan

Japan

Japan

Japan

Philippine Is.-Taiwan

Solomon Is.-New Hebrides

Turkey-Greece

Iran-Turkey

China-Nepal-Burma

STATION

BOZ

DAL

NDI

ADE

CMC

MUN

SHI

SHI

SEO

NDI

CMC

KON

EVENTS DELETED

25 Jul 64, 10 Nov 66, 15 Nov 67

26 Aug 67

01 Jan 64

09 May 66, 22 Jul 67, 30 Jul 67

■

32

TABLE XXI

Events Analyzed, Worldwide Distribution, 80° to 105°

REGION STATION

South America AQU South America CMC Alaska CHG Alaska SHI Japan WES Solomon Is.-New Heb rides CMC Solomon Is,-New Heb rides BOZ Tonga Is.-Fiji ] Is. BOZ Tonga Is.-Fiji ] Is. CMC

EVENTS DELETED

28 Mar 65

33

p • ■ a t • t • » ■ p ■ i <■ i i ^^"—^- t : T t

N

f*. ._,..

*>J

■ t

I

•

*

I

1

1

9

« I

[rV",

34 Reproduced from gf^

-3 3 ♦-> in

i«

i/i

rH

i

3 I« c o

oo

■ M U.

•

/

I

(ML H (33*11. irw) #

Wf

»O'E

•n^Tri irTM-e

1

(3i*s, orn

Figure 2. Map showing location of worldwide network.

35

•

CODA MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE

100,1 «. 3« J ^ ♦»30% 2fi%

i i i«0%| 36%

i ^4» «Mill !*>

L_J I I I I L_ 0 610 20 30 40 60 60 120

TIME (SECONDS)

16%

i

_J «0

Figure 3. Coda measurement technique.

36

C0

>

2

«0

IM >

2

10 120 110 240 TIME AFTER P ARRIVAL (SECONDS)

Figure 4a. Single coda determinant.

>0 120 ISO 240 TIME AFTER P ARRIVAL (SECONDS)

Figure 4b. Determination of representative coda envelope from a set of coda determinations.

37

I

— s a <

0)

c«)

O U-i

> 3 u 

h 3 (30

•H tu

«M

(MIHUIM) |

38

>

TIME AVG OBS 0.0 I 20. 1.

10.0 S 30, 1. 20,0 S 40. 1. 30.0 S 25. 1. 40.0 S 30. 1. 50.0 S 25. 1. 1.0 M 30. 1. 1.5 M 25. 1. 2.5 M 30, 1. 3.5 M 20. 1. 4.5 M 30. 1. 5.5 M 100. 1. 6.5 M 40. 1. 7.5 M 40. 1. 8.5 M 40. 1. 9.5 M 30. 1.

M II "M M ü IM £i ^j nt TIMI mm «MIVAl (MINUTES)

Figure 6. P coda characteristics, South America, ADE.

4» II II til III TIME «FTER «MIVAl (MINUTES)

Figure 7. PKP coda characteristics. South America, ADE.

39

■HL '■ A ". wt\ /Ax

TI« «V6 •TO 0EV OBS o.o s 11- a-iT 6.

10.0 s 5a. 0.28 6. 10.0 S 5«. 0.20 6. 10.0 s •>?• 0.23 6. 40.0 S 59. 0.1« 6. '.0.0 s 54. 0.16 6.

1.0 N 51i O.lt 6. 1.5 * 50. 0.21 6. 2.9 N 34. 0.?5 6.

3.5 M *«• 0.33 61. 4.5 M 33. 0.42 5. 5.» M 26. 0.30 5. *.S M 22. 0.27 S.

DO 2.1 41 >■ •• '•• "• TIME AfTI« «MIVAl (MIIUTft)

1 Ml

7.» I 17. ■.5 M 13.

P.30 0.28

11.8

Figure 8. P coda characteristics, South America, AQU.

0 0 2 8 4 8 8.8 8.8 18.8 110 M8 18 8 TIMt «FTER «MIVAl (MWNTES)

Figure 9. P coda characteristics. South America, BOZ.

40

2.

TIME »VG STD new DBS 0.0 S 99. 0.07 8.

10.0 S 0.21 B. 20.0 S 0.19 B. 30.0 S 0.2B B. 40.0 S 0.19 8. 50.0 S 0.19 B.

1.9 N 0.19 B. 1.5 N 0.29 B. 2.5 * 0.33 B. 3.5 M 0.38 8. 4.5 * 0.40 B. 9.5 M 0.42 B. 6.9 M 9. 0.49 B. 7.5 « 0.16 6. 8.9 M 0.29 4. 9.5 M 0.27 3.

10.5 * 10. 0.12 2. vll.9 N 10. 0.21 2.

/

A Tine »vc o.Q s It,

, i M ! \ h v- / v \

.V-K V ^V^JL H -, *>-0 S 26.

10.0 S 28. 20.0 S 24 30.0 S 28.

STO OFV

1.9 M 78. 2.5 M 23. 3.9 | Ifc. 4.» H 2T. 9.9 M 29.

7.9 M 19. 8.9 N 13. ^«9 »I 19.

0.24 C.74 c^e 0.20 0.24

0.10 r.iT

Qi2i. 0.39 0.22

a*i5 0.16 0.1«

0,19 0.36 0.2T

1 M M «• •• •• IM wT

TIMt AFTER ARRIVAL (MIRUTEt) Ml

10.9 m 12. 11.9 M 12. »■? ■ 11. 13.9 ■ 9. O.'*« 14.9 n q. n.u 19.9 M 6. 0.?\

111

OBS 8. ft. «. «i 8. <».

.8. 8. 0. 8. 8. t. 8. «. 7. 7i 6. 6. 6. 4. 3. ?.

Figure 10. PKP coda characteristics. South America. CM.

K'/V

-' 1———i ^ •• u in in

TIME AETER ARRIVAl (WIRttTEt)

TINE AV6

10.0 S 36. 20.0 S 44. 30iQ S 39. 40.0 S 40. 90.6 S 41.

1.9 M 36. 2.9 N 34. 3ig " ?0. 4.9 M 69. 9.9 M 90. M I 39. T.9 « 37. 8.9 N 32.

\9p% M 29. IT.9 M 29. i«.9 | 30. 13.9 M

III

24.

STO DFV iU31

0.46 0.76

-Calfl 0.22 0.27 0.26 . 0.24 0.21

0.19 0.24

-fl.l/L 0,*1 0.71

-ItlO 0.23 0.29 0-10 >t 0.16 ?.

OBS - 7.

7. 7. T, 7. 7.

-T, 7. 7. 7. 7. 7. 6, (-. 6. 6. 9. 4.

11. P coda characteristics, South Ame rica, CMC.

41

21

TINE *VG STO OEV OSS A.Q S O.H 4»

10.0 s 0.16 6.

20.0 S 0.29 6. )0.0 S 0.27 6. 40.0 s 0.16 6. 90.0 S 0.18 6.

1.0 M 0.23 «■ 1.9 « 0.22 6. 2.9 M 0.33 6. 3.9 N ?0t 0.27 «■ 4.9 M 0.29 9. 9.9 M 0.20 5. *.9 N 0.39 3.

. 7.9 •• 0.29 3. N B.9 « 0.2* 2.

«.9 N 0.30 2.

4.1 •J II 111 It.l TIHI «FT» AMIVAl (MIHUT(t)

Ml 111

Figure 12. P coda characteristics, South America, DAL.

»•-i

:•

5

1 1 1 1 1 T— 11 2.1 «I 11 II HI «•

TIME AfTII Minmi (MIIIUTIII

TINi »V6 STO OEV OBS a-ft s 41. tun UM.

10.0 S 37. 20.0 S 47. 30.0 S 91.

M.I 111

Figure 13. P coda characteristics. South America, DAV.

42

0.17 0.14 QiZI

40.0 S 93. 0.21 90.0 S 68. 0.13

1-0 N 73. JU13. 1.9 M 71. 0.17 2.9 M 47. 0.19 3i? H 39. 0,16 4.9 H 39. 0.14 9.9 M 32. 0.17 &.9 M 32. Q.IT 7.9 M 28. 0.11 8.9 M 32. 0.17 9t? W 9<>« Ml

10.9 M 29. 0.19 11.9 H 32. 0.29 ia-9 W 39. 0^21. 13.9 M 33. 0.29 14.9 M 26. 0.30

1. 1. la 1. 1. U 1. 1. 1. 8. 8.

Su 9. i.

_J* 3. 3.

_!* 3. 3.

I»

I 3

14- ■ • II

TIME AVC SLD DEV QBS 0.0 S 60.

10.0 S 43. 20.0 S 37.

0.10 0.04 C.20

2. 2. 2«

30.0 S 71. 40.0 S 63. M.O <t 16.

0.21 0.07 0.21

2. 2. 2.

1.0 M 34. 0.31 2.

—1— II 41 11 II III IM

TIM! AFTER ARIIIVAl (MIHUTftl M.I III

Figure 14. P coda characteristics, South America, 1ST.

• Mli

u ■

ii

2

0.0 S 99. 10.0 S 94. 20.0 S M-

0.19 0.13 0.19

30.0 S 63. 40.0 S 94. M.O S «ft.

0.09 0.02 0.1«

1.0 H 96. 1.9 M 89. 2.9 M 94.

J.13 0.19 0.19

3.9 M 34. 0.03

1 1 1 I 1 1— i.l 1.1 41 I.I II Ml 111

TIME AFTER ARRIVAL (MIRUTEI) Ml III

Figure 15. PKP coda characteristics, South America, 1ST.

43 i

II

II

TINE 0.0 S

»VG 1ft.

STO DEV 0.2«

OBS

10.0 S 20.0 S 30.0 S

90. 90. 91*

0.22 0.26 0.36

40.0 S 90.0 S

1.0 M

99. 97. 9ft i

0.33 0.19 0.20

1.9 N 2.9 M 3.9 M

94. 44. ftQi

0.17 0.10 0.24

4.9 M 9.9 N 6.9 n

46. 43. 90.

0.14 0.12 0.29

II 41 II II 111 111 TIME MTIR ARRIVAL (MIRUTII)

M.I III

Figure 16. PKP coda characteristics, South America, KBL.

u

S »- 2

M Iff1

ii.l1-«:. '.'/ \

TINE 0.0 S

AVG STO DEV 0.17

DBS

10.0 S 20.0 S 30.0 S

0.21 0.13 0.22

40.0 S 90.0 S

1.0 M

0.17 0.26 0.21

1.9 « 2.9 M 3.9 M

0.19 0.14 0.09

4.9 M 9.9 M 6.9 M

0.2R 0.27 0.27 al

7.9 M 13. 0.12

1 i i 1 i ■ •— II 1.1 «1 II II III III M.I

TIME AETIR ARRIVAL IMIRMTttl M.I

Figure 17. P coda characteristics. South America, KON.

41

TIME AVG 0.0 S 45. 10.0 S 30. 20.0 S 20. 30.0 S 45. 40.0 S 30. 50.0 S 45. 1.0 M 80. 1.5 M 100. 2.5 M 35. 3.5 M 35. 4.5 M 20. 5.5 M 25. 6.5 M 25. 7.5 M 20. 8.5 M 20. 9.5 M 15. 10.5 M 20. 11.5 M 35. 12.5 M 20.

II II —»— II «• II II III III

TIME «FTIR AIIIIIVAl IMINUTtt)

OBS

M.I III

Figure 18. PKP coda characteristics, South Amtrica, KON.

TINE «VG 0.0 « 7*.

STO ntv 0.19

OSS

10.0 S 20.0 S 10.0 S

94. 99. 98.

0.16 0.21 0.17

Um

*•

40.0 S 90.0 S 1.0 H

99. 47. 41.

0.20 0.19 0.10

8«

1.9 M 2.9 M 1.9 M

47. 93. 24.

0.17 0.29 0.31 6t

4.9 m 9.9 M 4.9 1)

24. 21. 17.

0.21 0.32 0.11

7.9 N 0.9 M

IS. 14.

0.33 0.41 3«

•• >• «I U II »• 111 M.I III Tim «nil «HMIVM IMIMTIII

Figure 19. P coda characteristics, South America, MAL.

\

45 ■

1*1

u •c

II

> 2

I /■,■ s V

•. s \ TIME AVG STO oev ol», 5

o.3a h. 10.0 S ft. 28 6. 20.0 S 0.37 6, 30.0 S 0.34 6. 40.0 S 0.3« 6. 90.0 S 0.24 6,

0.21 h. 0.30 6. 0.23 6. 0.21 6. 0.30 6, 0.29 6.

13* 0.31 4, 10. 0.36 4. 12. 0.49 2.

II II «I II II III 111 TIMI «MM AMIVM (MIMTIII

«I III

Figure 20. PKP coda characteristics, South America, MAT.

TINE 0.0 s

AVG 71..

STO OEV 0-17

ORS IO.

10.0 s 20.0 S 30.0 S

97. 93. 44.

0.20 0.26 e.29

10. 10. 10.

40.0 S 90.0 S 1.0 M

97. 32. 10*

0.24 0.23 0.29

10.

1.9 * 2.9 n 3.9 M

30. 43.

0.33 0.29 0.20

4.9 * 9.9 * 6.9 K

23. 23. 19.

0.09 0.14 0.13

v 7.9 « a. 0.16

«i ii ii tri in TIME AFTER AMIVAl (MIRHTEII

Ml III

Figure 21. PKP coda characteristics, South America, MUN.

46

f I ►-

2

•..V. '. VNJ \ \ \

t\

• I II «I II II III III Ml MC TIMI «rTia ARtlVAl IMItUTItl

Figure 22. PKP coda characteristics, South Aaerica, MM.

—-^ TIH6 0.0 &

»vr. STO OEV 08$

\ 10.0 \ 20.0

\ ; so.o

C.22 *. 0.?« ». C.24 9.

\ / 40.0 V 50.0

1.0 *

0.)0 •. C.22 8. 0.2Y 0.

1.5

_ J.5 s 0.21 ".

0.10 «. 0.17 «.

\ 4.5 1*1 6.9 n

0.51 N. 0.65 e. 0.65 6.

T.5 «.5 9.5

0.16 6. 0.12 1. 0.61 2.

10.5 11.5 12.5 I

0.62 2. 0.21 2. 0.18 2.

19.5 M 0.57 2.

\

48 8.8 II III 121 141 71811 »ITI8 A88IVAI IMINMTII)

181 II 1.8

Figure 23. PKP coda characteristics, South America, SEO.

47

7i«f AVG STO oev o» <S 0.0 S 60. p.i« r. 10.0 $ 11. 0.26 20.0 S 0.27 30.0 S C.26 60.0 S 0.26 50.0 S 0.23 1.0 M 0.28 fl

1.5 N 0.11 2.5 M 0.21 3.5 M 0.11 6.5 M 0.25 5.5 * 0.11 • 6.5 M 0.11 < 7.5 * ",38 8.5 M in. 0.30

I

«I •• •• Ml III TWI »»Tl« M«l««l (■•■■Till

figure 24. PKP coda characteristics, South America, SHI.

Tl« »VC STO OIV 04S Q.O i Tf. a.24 11.

10.0 s ♦T. 0.14 11. 20.0 S 43. C.20 11. 10.0 S ♦1. C.22 11. 40.0 S 4T. 0.14 11. «0.0 s M. 0.2) 11.

1.0 * 4li 0.17 11. 1.9 M 39. 0.17 11. ?.9 •* 2T. 0.13 10. M * 20 ■ 0.17 1C. 4.9 M 19. 0.14 4. 9.9 H 1*. 0.19 T. ft.S * 11. 0.24 ft.

«• tl •• »•* us Tim am« «Mnrai imaiTilt

M 14. N U.

Ml Ml

0.14 0.36

4. 3.

Figure 2S. P coda characteristics, South Anerica, WES.

48

TINE »VC STO OEV 01 0.0 S 99. 0.49 7

10.0 S 3«. C.39 7 20.0 S 6«. 0.13 7 JO.O S 4«. 0.24 7 40.0 S 39. 0.26 7 90.0 S 39. 0.33 7

1.0 M 36. O.lfl 6 1.9 M 33. C.?6 6 2.9 M 2«. 0.39 6 3.9 M 4«. 0.20 9. 4.9 * 29, 0.37 4, 9.9 M 2«. 0.19 3,

• I 11 141 Ml «• •• •■• M.I III TIHf Min AMIV41 (MiauTltl

Figure 26. PKP coda characteristics, Central A«erica, ADE.

II 21 «I 11 II Ml U.I TIHf «FTI* ARHVAl (MltUTIt)

TINE •vr. STO OEV nns 0.0 S 3«. 0.14 *.

10.0 S 41. 0.01 ?. 20.0 9 37. 0.12 ' • 30.0 $ 44. 0,09 ?• 40.0 S 42. 0,32 ?• 90.0 % 41. 0,3? r%

1.0 N 41. 0,23 7. 1.9 M 91. 0.41 2, 2.9 M 34. 0.49 2. 3.9 M 71. 0.16 7, 4.9 m 9*. 0.14 7. 9.9 N 34. 0.24 ?. ».9 ■ 2*. 0.39 7,

Ml Ml

\

Figure 27. P coda characteristics, Central A«erica, AQU.

49

T!HF «vc STO OEV 0«^ 0.0 67. 0.?3 7.

10.0 n. 0.30 7. 20.0 67. 0.12 7. 30.0 90. 0.16 7. 40.0 *9. 0.1« 7. 90.0 *9. 0.20 7.

40. 0.21 7. 99. 0.24 7. 43« 0.26 7. 33. 0.22 7. ia. 0.22 7. 14. 0.30 6. 1?. 0.211 9. 11. 0.19 4. 10. 0.1« 4. 16. 0.12 4. ?<». 0.46 4. 30. 0.^7 ■*, 30. 0.34 3. ?7. 0.40 3. 19. 0.33 3. 13. 0.33 >.

M 2.1 41 I.I I.I »I Hi MI tn TIME AFTER ARRIVAL (MIMUTft)

Figure 28. P coda charactoristics, Central America, BOZ.

4.1 I.I 1.1 N.I 12.1 TIME AETER ARRIVAL IMIHUTE«)

TI«»F Avr, 5T0 OCV OB!; 0.0 0.2R

10.0 0.7« 20.0 O.ll 30.0 0.70 40.0 0.24 90.0 O.I«

O.IA n.in 0.79 0.36 0.32 0.33 0.37 0.19 n.l« 0.13

10l9 0.02 11.9 0.09 12.9 10! 0.00

M.I N.I

Figure 29. PKP coda characteristics, Central America, CHG.

50

TI«F <VG STO PFV ni» 0.0 S 89. 0.12 4

ie.0 % 9«. 0.29 4 20.0 S 99. 0.11 4 ^0.0 s 99. 0.11 4 40.0 S 99. 0.18 4 90.0 S 31. 0.16 4

1.0 m ?♦. 0,?2 4 1.9 M ?«». 0.12 4 2.9 M 1«. 0.^8 4 3.9 M 11. P.26 4 ♦.9 * 9. «.2T 4. 9.9 M 7. 0.43 3.

• i IJ «• U 1.8 18.8 12.8 140 118 TIHI AFTER ARRIVAL (MINUTES)

Figure 30. P coda characteristics, Central America, CMC.

2 I

TINE AVG STO nfv n« 0.0 S 69. 0.19 6

10.0 S 61. 0.13 6 20.0 S 66. 0.18 6 30.0 S 62. 0.19 6 40.0 S 98. 0.21 6 90.0 S 44. 0.23 6

1.0 I« 43. 0.2ft 6, 1.9 M 41. ft.26 6 2.9 M 28. 0.2T A, 3.9 m 2T. 0.16 9. 4.9 M 28. 0.39 4. 9.9 * 38. ft. 96 2,

88 IS 48 88 8.8 188 III TIME AFTER ARRIVAL (MMMITESI

M8 118

Figure 31. P coda characteristics. Central America, DAL.

51

T1NP »vr. STO npv o*s 0.0 S «1. 0.12 9.

10.0 S 98. 0.19 9. 2C.0 S 63. 0.21 9. 30.0 S 99. 0.2* 9» «0.0 S 99. 0.13 9. 90.0 S 99. 0.21 9. 1.0 M 90. 0.23 9, 1.9 M «a. 0.1« 9. 2.9 M 37. 0.?? *. 3.9 R 31. 0.30 4. ♦.9 H 30. 0.67 2. 9.9 »• 21. 0.66 2.

4.1 M ■• »I til TIME AFTER AMIVAl (MIHUTEI)

M.I III

Figure 32. PKP coda characteristics, Central America, DAV.

\ Tine »VG STO ^EV n«« \ 0.0 s 26. 0.69 3, \ 10.0 s 26. 0.90 3.

t 1 20.0 S 29. O.M 3. 1

1 30.0 S 76. 0.61 3. I «0.0 s .4. 0.*«> 3,

1 90.0 S IB. 0.47 3. 1 1.0 M 20. 0.91 3.

1 1.9 * 22. 0.32 3 2.9 " 21. o,?« 3 3.9 N 33. 0.29 1 ♦.9 M 7*. 0.23 3 9.9 a «3. 0.26 3 6.9 M 27. 0.79 3 7.9 M 13. 0.99 2

«| || II 11.1 III Ml 11« TIME «ETER «RRIVAl (MIRUTil)

II 21

Figure 33. P coda characteristics. Central America, 1ST.

52

t

TIHF *VG STo nFv rm 0.0 S 94. 0.07 *•

10.0 s 64. n.07 20.0 S 77. 0.09 *• S0.O S 71. 0.04 *• «0.0 s 67. O.n? '• 90.0 S 64. 0.1« *•

1.0 M 64. C.ll *• 1.9 N 6?. 0.08 *• 2.9 H 91. 0.?4 9« ^.9 N 61. 0.17 2m ♦,9 M ♦0. 0.14 ?• 5.9 M 31. 0.10 2m 6.9 M 21. 0.33 ?•

M it M ri n iM irT TIME AFTER «RRIVAl (MIMUTES)

141 III

Figure 34. PKP coda characteristics, Central America, KBL.

»Oli

!• TIKF •VR nrn OFV ORS 0.0 S 79. n.?9

10.0 s 64. 0.12 ♦• 20.0 S 95. 0.31 *• 30.0 S 4«. 0.29 *• 40.0 S 33. 0.39 90.0 S 2R. 0.74 *►•

1.0 M 29. 0.19 *• 1.9 P 21. 0.19 *• 2.9 * 17. 0.20 *• 3.5 •« 12. O.OA ^«

■• M M II ll in in MI in TIME AFTER ARRIVA1 (MIRUTES)

Figure 35. P coda characteristics, Central Ameiica, KON.

S3

lOOi

to

TIKE »*G srn OFV OKS 0.0 s 0.02

'.0.0 s 0.26 20.0 S 0.24 30.0 S ft.28 40.0 S 0.39 90.0 S 0.21 i.o n 0.3) 1.9 M 0.42 2.9 M 0.96 3.9 H 0.20 4.9 N 0.23

0« M 4.1 I.I I.I III 12.1 14.1 III TIMI AFTER MRIVAl (MIIUTES)

Figure 36. P coda characteristics, Central America, MAL.

a io

IM

> 5

TT*f »VG STo nev 0.0 S 49. 0.49

10.0 S 20. 0.17 20.0 S 24. o.ri 30.0 S 32. o.in 40.0 S 29. 0.01 90.0 S 2«. 0.06 1.0 * 24. 0.04 1.9 N 17. 0.11 2.9 M 16. 0.04

00 2.1 4.1 I.I I.I III 12.1 14.1 III TIME AFTER ARRIVAL (MINUTES)

Figure 37. P coda characteristics. Central America, MAT,

54 i

10

i^

TIME AVG OBS 0.0 S 100.

10,0 S 32. 20.0 S 32. 30.0 S 35. 40.0 S 32. SO.O S 41. 1.0 M 56. l.S M 73. 2.5 M 54. 3.5 M 48. 4.5 M 39. 5.5 M 22.

'• 4» M M IM »I TIMI AFTER AMIVM (MIMUTEI)

141 110

Figure 38. PKP coda characteristics, Central America, MAT.

TIHP »vr. srn PEV nn 0.0 S 42. 0.32 8 10.0 S 69. 0.16 8 20.0 S 88. 0.11 8 30.0 S 19, C.IQ 8 «0.0 S 42. 0.17 8 W.O S 37. 0.26 8, 1.0 m 42. 0.18 8. l.S M 37. 0.26 8. 2.9 N 24. 0.28 8. 3.9 M 23. 0.2<» 6, ♦.9 M 16. 0.10 6,

41 *■ •-• >•■ 111 141 ill TIME AFTE8 A88IVAI (MINUTES)

Figure 39. PKP coda characteristics. Central America, MUN.

100;

■

10

Etl' /! '' VA-V- '- IK'. V 'W v V \ «.

iSi"V«^. JA- /■ v , \ <. T

i I''.. ,-' ; / \ \\ .'■■

00 2.1 4.1 M 10 111 120 Ml TIM! AfTI* ARMIVAl (MINUTfS)

TIME «VG STO OEV rm 0.0 S 34, 0.90 9.

10.0 S 40. 0.3« «». 20.0 S 63. . 0.17 9. 30.0 S 44, . 0.22 9. 40.0 S 2«. , 0.2? 9. 90.0 S 30. , 0.29 ft.

1.0 H 29. • 0.26 T. 1.9 * 29. 0.24 7. 2.9 M 23. , 0.29 7. 3.9 M 28. , 0.19 7. 4.9 M 40. , 0.27 7. 9.9 N 2? , 0.32 6. 6.9 H 23 , 0.08 9. T.9 N 19. , 0.27 4. • .9 N 11. > 0.26 4. «.9 N 12 0.12 3.

10.9 « 9, , 0.09 3. 11.9 M T 0.1ft 2. 12.9 N 9 0.11 2. 13,9 m 6 0.06 2.

Ill

Figure 40. PKP coda characteristics, Central America, NDI.

Ill

TIME AVG OBS p ■ \ 0.0 S 100. 1. u 10.0 s 33. 1 ■ U 20.0 s 26. 1 K VV.'-X 30.0 s 16. 1

x 40.0 s 21. 1 P 50.0 s 20. 1 e a „. 1.0 M 18. 1

1.5 M 17. 1 ■ 2.5 M 19. 1 e 3.5 M 15. 1

a. >

1 I.I 21 4.1 I.I I.I 111 121 140 III

TIME AFTER AMIVAl (MIIUTEt)

Figure 41. PKP coda characteristics, Central America, SEO.

56 ■

111-1

4.1 10 I.I III III TIME AFTER AIMIVAl (MINUTED

Figure 42. PKP coda characteristics, Central America, SHI.

nur •VG STO OEV n«? 0.0 s 0.12 9.

10.0 s n.05 »•. 20.0 s 0.12 «. 10,0 s 0.14 n. 40.0 s 0.14 *, 50.0 S 0.17 «,

1.0 M 0.16 1. 1.9 M 0.13 *. j.n * 0.26 P. 3.9 * 0,32 B. 4.9 * 0,30 7, 9.9 « 0.23 5, 6.9 >• 0,21 9, T.9 * 0,18 5, • .9 M 0,30 9, 9.9 M 0.39 4,

10.9 N 0.3« 4. 11.9 M 0.43 6« 12.9 M 0.'4 4. 13.9 * J.43 3, 14.9 M 0.32 3. 19.9 * 0.1M 3.

II II 4.1 I.I II M.I IM 14.1 TIME AFTEA AMIVAl (MIMUTEI)

III

Figure 43. P coda characteristics, Central America, WES.

57

II

•

i

TIME AVG OBS 0.0 S 100. 1.

10.0 S 20. 1. 20.0 S 25. 1. 30.0 S 45. 1. 40.0 S 17. 1. SO.O S IS. 1. 1.0 M 15. 1. 1.5 M 35. 1. 2.5 M 15. 1.

• ■ 78 «• II I.I III III TIME «Til ARRIVAl (MINUTES)

M.I III

Figure 44. PKP coda characteristics, California and Western United States, ADE.

«•i

TIME AVG OBS 0.0 S 40. 10.0 S 50. 20.0 S 70. 30.0 S 100. 40.0 S 70. 50.0 S 60.

I.I 2.1 4.1 1.1 I.I III 12.1 M.I 111 TIMt AFTER ARRIVAl (MIRUTEI)

Figure 45. P coda characteristics, California and Western United State-., AQU.

5«

i

00 20 T—

4.0 >■ 00 HO 12.0 TIME AFTER AMIVAl (MINUTE!)

140

TIME «vr, «ITO PFV n«« 0.0 , n.-,, f,.

10.0 n.20 6. 70.0 , n.?6 ft. 10.0 0.21 6. 40.0 ".71 ft. '0.0 , 0.24 6.

1.0 O.IQ 6. . 0.75 6. * 0.24 6.

0.17 •>. , n.26 S.

O.U 9. 0.21 •!.

, 0.20 «i. ".25 S. n.16 I. P.2S 3. n.l«» 3. 0.33 3. 0.3S 1, 0.1A 2. 0.0 2.

100

Figure 46. P coda characteristics, California and Western United States, BO„.

ICO

> It

5

TIKf »vr. STD DEV o«s 0.0 s 57. 0.22

10.0 s 67. 0.07 20.0 S 93. 0.12 30.0 S 75. 0.1« 40. S 60. 0.0 50.0 S 58. o.os 1.0 * 57. 0.21

•• U 40 oo oo »i iro TIME «FTER ARRIVAl (MIRUTES)

14.0 100

Figure 47. PKP coda characteristics, California and Western United States, CHG.

59

I

II

■.\_ TINI »VG STO npv o«s \'-. 0.0 w. 0.?1 T.

. V io»o 5«. 0.33 7.

N Sä M. 0.24 7. **. 0.21 7.

«0.0 40. 0.29 7. 40.0 49. 0.20 7,

♦0. 0.11 7. 46. 0.09 7, 4»«. 0.21 6. ?4. 0.17 ft. 27. 0.14 ft. 2i, 0,1% 4. 29. 0.20 4. IT. O.n 4. 21. 0.17 4. 3«. 0.17 3. M. 0.3ft '. 73. 0.20 2. 43. CIO 2. 3ft. 0.21 2. 3t. 0.1M 2. 21. 0.12 2.

00 2.1 M •• •• »I 111 TIKI «FTEI «MIVAl (HIIUTil)

Ml III

Figure 48. P coda characteristics, California and Western United States, CMC.

<U1

ir\ ' 3 3

l\^L \ \

^ \\ \ '' /—\ y—V / ■ \ >W y / ,-, \/ \/ T|« *» ^^_^-/ s' \ 0.0 S \ ^^"^ \ *'\ 10.0 S

» 20.0 S » '

30.0 S \ * «CO S

a "■ > 30.0 S S 1.0 M

1.3 M 2.9 M 9.9 N 4.9 N

3 9.9 * IM ft. 3 M

7.9 •• t.9 f 4.9 H

10.9 M 11.9 M

1^ —i 1 ■—i

12.9 M

»VG 9ft. 74. 7ft. ft«. 4«. 44, 30. 40. 24. 23. 23. 20. 22. 92. 32. 29. 90. 92. 24.

II 21 4.1 I.I I.I III 12.1 TIME AfTER ARRIVAL («MIIUTII)

M.I III

STO OCV 0.1B 0.10 0.19 0.0« 0.19 r.il O.o» 0.14 0.21 0.17 0.17 0.*3 0.33 0.20 0.14 0.2ft 0.91 0.71 0.47

Figure 49. P coda characteristics, California and Western United States, DAL.

Figure 50. No observations, California and Western United States, DAV.

0«3

I

e.o s 10.0 20.0 90.0 «o.o 90.0 t.o t.9

•ve *«. a«. M. 00. 91. **. )«. 9*.

STD OIV 0.09 0.0« 0.29 0.09 0.19 P.06 0.09 O.M

001 I 9 9. 9 9 9. i 9

•• »• <• •• ~M ifi iri MJ At TIMi «nii «MIVAl (■IIITII)

ItSSS/ifr! "^ Ch'racteristics. C.liforni. and K,.urn United

I — 2 IM m

TIM »VG STO oev nn 0.0 9 •T. 0.06 9

10.0 S 99. 0.1« 9 20.0 S TJ. 0.19 9 90.0 S A9. 0.09 9 «0.0 9 9«. 0.10 9, 90.0 S 66. 0.70 9< 1.0 M 68. 0.19 ) 1.9 M 69. 0.1« 9. 2.9 M 46. 0.?6 2,

•• »• «• H it "SI ifi i«i At TIMf «FTtR «RNIVAl («HMUTII)

Jifte" Itite" KBU CharaCterlstics. Cliforni« and Western

61

i

"I 5 I

I

i 1 5 S

Tl^f •VG STO OfV 0.0 s 0.«5

10.0 \ o.os ?c.o s 0.09 ^0.0 s 0.16 «0.0 s P.?6 SO.O s 0."«»

1.0 M 0.14 !•« •» 0.1*

• • 11 «• M M III »I Ml ill TIMI »HI« «MIVAl (MIUTItl

Figure 53. P cod« characteristic!, C«li"3rni« and Western United States, KON.

0.0 S 10.0 ?0.0 W.O «0.0 40.0

1.0

»vr.

6?. TO. Me 60. •I« 1«».

1.9 M V). 2.9 * 27, S.9 H 1«.

41 II II III 111 TIMt AFTf> Mll*«l (MIHUTtl)

STO OFV 0.21 O 21 0.09 0.12 0.2T 0.11 0.70 0.2T 0.1T o N

Ml Ml

Figure S4. P coda characteristics, California and Western United States, MAL.

62 /

I

• I

TIHF «VC ITO Of¥ n* e.e s y%. 0.10 9

10.0 S «9. 0.0 9 ?0.0 S *4. 0.1« 9 10.0 S 74. O.P« 9 40.0 S 40. rt.ll 9 40.0 S M. 0.04 I

1.0 N «0. 0.9« f. 1.9 M M. 0.0* 2. }.« H n. 0.01 2, 9.9 N 44. 0.02 2. ♦.9 « ?4. 0.01 2,

II M it 11 in irT um un» «RiivAi imauTf ii

Ml HI

Sutes/MAtf COd* ch"r'ct«ri»tic«. C.lifornU and ».estern United

I i

■ d ■

i ! 5 S

TIME AVG 0.0 S 70.

10.0 S 100. 20.0 S 25. 30.0 S 45. 40.0 S 40. 50.0 S 30. 1.0 M 33. 1.5 N 25.

OBS

M « «P M ~~H* ST TIMf MTIR «RRIVAl (MIRHTIII

Ml 111

Figure 56. PKP coda characteristics, California and Western United States, MUN.

I 63

1 TIME AVG OBS Ml u 0.0 s 100. 1.

10.0 s 45. 1. t 20.0 s SO. 1 ■ 30.0 s 50. 1. o

40.0 s 40. 1 • 50.0 s 30. 1

o W 1.0 M 30. 1 1.5 M S. 1

e 2.5 M S. 1 ia 3.5 M 60. 1 af I 4.5 M SO. 1

S.S »1 40. 1 3 IM

1 • I II «• II II III III

TIMi »fTII MRIVAl IMIMUTIII Ml Ml

Figure 57. P coda characteiistics, California and Western United States, NDI.

il TIME AVG OBS 0.0 S 100. A •

10.0 S 90. * • 20.0 S 85. 1 • 30.0 S 50. 1 •

II II 41 II II III 111 TIMI »FTII AMIVAl (MIHTIII

Ml 111

ligure S8. PKP coda characteristics, California and Western United States, NDI.

I 64

I

TIMF ftV6 0.0 S 72.

s s s s s M

M ■

10.0 '0.0 10.0 40.0 so.o

1.0 1.9 ?.9

T5.

M. 13. ?9. IT.

STn ocw O.U 0.10 0.16 0.07 O.JO 0.17 O.U 0.1« O.o?

nns 9.

9. ♦. *. ♦ . ♦ . I« ?.

H •• »• ~M M r» Ml ill Ml m

TIMI um» MUmi IMIHUTIII

Üfte'd ";te^^SEO?h'r■Cteri'tiC,• Crt4«*«*- — «Wt.«

II tl M ii ■:• ni »I TIMI AfTIR ARHIVAl (MIHUTEtl

Ml til

sJStes/sHl!" "^ Characteristics. California and Western Unit ed

65 i

TIN€ 4WG STO OFV OPS 0.0 s 0.65

10.0 s 0.25 ?0.0 s 0.50 90.0 S 0.70 «0.0 s 0.32 »0.0 s 0.56

1.0 H «. 0.55 1.5 n 53. 0.44

• • 21 «I 11 II 111 III 141 TIM! «FUR AMIVM (MIHUTIII

Ml

Figure 61. P coda characteristics, California and Western United States, NES.

Figure 62. No observations, Alaska, ADE.

TIME AVG OB 0.0 S 68. 1

10.0 S 60. 1 20.0 S 65. 1 30.0 S 81. 1 40.0 S 61. 1 50.0 ■ 100. 1 1.0 M 55. 1 1.5 M 48. 1 2.S M 29. 1 3.5 M 24. 1 4.5 M IS. 1 5.5 M 11. 1 6.5 M 7. 1 7.5 M 7. 1 8.5 M 4. 1 9.5 M 10. 1

10.5 M 8. 1 11.5 M 6. 1 12.5 M 4. 1

41 1.1 II Ml III Ml III TIMI »fTil «MlWai IMINUTISI

Figure 63. P coda characteristics, Alaska, AQU. , i

66

«Tv Vv;.\-\ ■••. .. r*\ A "•* »»6 STO OFV o^s

9«. 0.17 19. 71. 0.12 19.

• V v\ '• ---' ^%— V. M«0 $

■V. v\ iL^h^y .\V*o.os •9. 0.10 19. «9. 0.12 19. 9?. 0.12 19.

••.'^^/\ .J»^/ •■" ^ 90.0 S 9*. 0.17 19. V'^L .J£ ! " i.o •• 9?, 0.16 13, ■•-•..\ ■■-:-^' W ■.--. \ I.'" «T, 0.17 19.

Ä ■■ / *N ?•' ■ 30. 0.21 13, / \ / ».5 n 26. 0.22 10,

«.:•. / \ / ••• " 14, 0.74 •. •«../ 5.9 H 1*. 0.29 7.

•.9 « 12. 0,27 f. 7.9 M 16. 0.24 <S. • .9 M 18. 0.27 fc. ».9 H l«-. 0.90 6.

i0.9 M W. O.V ^. 11.9 " 29. 0.29 s. 12.9 M M« 0.70 1. 19.9 M 29. 0.1«» t. 14.9 H 22. 0.17 i. 19.9 N 16. o.n *,

•• 2 9 «I •• %i lit 121 TIM! MTIR «NIIIVAl (NINUTf tl

Ml ':•

Figure 64. P coda characteristics, Alaska, BOZ.

nus

•• M «• •• II Ml III Ml Ml TIMi «Tl« «MIVAl (MlMTtll

Figure 65. P coda characteristics, Alaska, CHG.

67

TIME »WG STO OfV 0«S 0.0 S «9. 0.26 10.

10.0 S 77. 0.12 10. 20.0 S 7«. 0.19 10, 10.0 s 62. 0.11 10, «0.0 s 9S. 0,19 10. 90.0 S 46. 0.19 10,

1.0 M 69. 0.16 to. 1.5 "» 61. 0.16 10, 2.9 N 29. 0,17 9.9 * 29. 0.21 4.9 N 27. 0.29 9.9 «l 29. 0.2H ».9 M 26. 0.10 7.9 * 31. 0,1<» t.9 M 27. 0.23 «.9 m 17. 0.76

10.9 M 20. 0.16 11.9 M 19. 0.16 12.9 N 11. 0.09 19.9 * 10. 0.7«

It II 4 1 II II Ml III Ml Ml TIME AfTI* »Ml»#l (MlliUTItl

Figure 66. P coda characteristics, Alaska, CMC.

I 5

TIMf »VC STO OFV 0«$ 0.0 S 06. 0.08

10.0 S 71. 0.26 20.0 S 9". 0 26 90.0 S 66. 0.60 60.0 S 67. 0.60 90.0 S 61. 0.3S

t.O H 97. 0.96 1.9 M 26. 0.96 2.9 M 2«. 0.92 9.9 M 60. 0.0

II 11 41 II II Ml HI Ml III TIMI »fTI« «Mim (MIIIUTUI

Figjre 67. P coda characteristics, Alaska, DAL.

6»

2

o.o s 10.0 70.0 10.0 40.0 90.0

1.0 1.9 f. 9 1.9 4.9

«VC u. TO. T8, T9. 94. 49. 4«. 91. 91. ». 19.

STO nP¥ 0.10 0.19 0.12 0.12 0.10 0.1« 0.04 0.11 0.0) 0.P9 0.17

•• u 4i u rrnsi »i—tv TIKI Ann umm IMIHTEI)

4. 4. 4. 4. 4. A. \. 4 9. 9. ♦ .

Ill

Figure. 68. P coda characteristics, Alaska, DAV.

2

' vp\/^ •. / \ 1 \^v\ \ '• / 1 w' "V-—. 1 vX 7

1

T(NF AV6 STO OEV nn . \ 0.0 S 70. 0.19 • •., \ 10.0 S 42. 0.24 *

\ 20.0 S 7«. 90.0 S 49.

0.11 • 0.12 t,

40.0 S 91. 0.19 8. 90.0 $ 47. 0.08 8.

1.0 M 41. 0.17 8. 1.9 M )«. 0.11 7. 2.9 H 24. 0.14 9. 9*9 N 97. 0.14 9. 4.9 M 29. 0.91 9. 9.9 m i». 0.24 4,

M 18 4 8 M ~M Si~ ni ZT TIME AFTEB «88IVAI (MIMUTIti

Figure 69. P coda characteristics, Alaska, 1ST.

ill I 69

nae «vc STO OFV OK 0.0 s 09. 0.07 4 10.0 s 66. 0.19 4 ?0.0 s 98. 0.74 4 V>.0 s 9». 0.29 4 40.0 S 49. 0.29 4 90.0 S 34. 0.22 4 1.0 « 99. 0.20 4, 1.5 ■ 96. 0.29 4. 2.9 * ?l. 0.46 4, 9.9 M 9«. 0,91 3. 4.9 M 16. 0.91 3.

00 II 41 II I.I III 111 Ml Ml TIMi »fTII ARRIVAl (MIMUTEtl

Figure 70. P. coda characteristics, Alaska, KBL.

TIHF »VC STO nFV 0« 0.0 S 41. 0.06 8 10.0 S 61. O.U 8 20.0 S •8. 0.10 8 90.0 S 66. 0.11 8 40.0 S 44. 0.16 8 90.0 S 42. 0.14 8 1.0 M 37. 0.14 8 1.9 H 36. 0.12 8 2,9 M 29. 0.27 9 9.9 M 17. 0.31 9. 4.9 M 10. 0.28 3. 9.9 M 10. o.:- 2. 4.9 M 8. 0,16 2.

II li 41 II I.I Ml 111 Ml Ml TIMI «FTIR «B8IVA1 IMIHUTII)

Figure 71. P coda characteristics, Alaska, KON,

70 i

t-

TIME «VG STO OEV OBS 0.0 S 6«». 0.21 1«

10.0 S 6T. 0.19 9. 20.0 S 71. 0.1* •>. 30.0 S 4«. 0.23 9. 40.0 S ♦4. C.2S 9. »0.0 S 37. 0.29 9.

1.0 M 2ft. 0.31 *. 1.9 M 18. 0.33 *. 2.) M "». 0.47 •« 3.9 M 1C C.22 1« 4.9 M 6. 0.37 •<. 9.9 * 7. C.29 7,

M ii u u ri *, ST TIMI «FTIR «HRIVAl (MIHUTftl

Ml III

Figure 72. P coda characteristics, Alaska, MAL.

I 2

TIN« »vr. 9T0 new nn 0.0 S 13. 9.11 ■

10.0 S 9M. 0.20 ft 20.0 9 6«. 0.13 ft 30.0 S 99. 0.19 ft 90.0 S 99. 0.19 ft, 90.0 S «7. 0.11 ft, 1.0 N 94. 0.10 7, 1.9 m 99. 0.«^ T, 2.9 M 31. 0.1* 6. 1.9 M 19. 0.11 ft.

'• M M Ö IJ IM in~ TIMI «FTER ARRIVftl (MiaUTfl)

Figure 73. P coda characteristics, Alaska,

71

141

MAT.

Ill

IM

%

s

> 2

rtnE *vc STO w ons o.o

to.o 20.0 10.0 40.0 90.0 1.0 1.1

•0. *■. 61. T«. M. *». •«. 17.

0.1t 0.1« 0.7T 0.16 0.11 O.OT 0.01 0.21

Mt lit •• M M M II itl IM TIMI AfTER AKNIVAI (MIHUTItl

Figure 74. PKP coda characteristics, A'aska, MUM.

TIKf A'G ITO nf¥ OR 0.0 S 6«. o.iT •

10.0 S 17. 0.11 R ?0.0 s 6*. 0.1« R 10.0 s 61. 0.20 1 60.0 S 60. 0.22 a 10.0 s 21. 0.26 R

1.0 " 21. 0.2S R 1.1 * 21. 0.21 R 2.1 H 11. 0.21 7 3.1 M 1". 0.3» 6. 6.1 m 19. 0.29 9. 9.1 M 10. 0.2« 9. 6.1 M 6. 0.00 2,

Figure 75. P coda characteitstics, Alaska, NDI,

72 i

STO r»fv n.n 0,1*, 0.16 o.ia 0.18 0,19 n.iA 0.29 0.29 0.27 0.10

OBS ft. ft. 6. ft. 6. 6. ft. ft. 9. 4. 2.

«• M II III 111 TIME AFTCN ARMIVAl (MINUTIt)

Ml III

Figure 76. P coda characteristics, Alaska, SEO.

i 2

STD oEy P.19 n.U

0.07 0.0« o.n 0.10 0.06 0.1« 0.22 0.19 0.12 0.1« 0.19 0.06

IPS

«I II II III 111 Ml III TIMt «FTIR ARRIVAl (MIHUTES)

II 21

Figure 77. P coda characteristics, Alaska, SHI.

73

li

Figure 78. P coda characteristics, Alaska,

" M •• •• M »^ JM—in—Tu Tim «FTER «MIVAl (HIIUTII) ' '

WES.

*• ?i «• •• n in—in—si—Tu TWf AFT» «RHIVAl IMIMUTfS) ' '

Figure 79. P coda characteristics, Aleutian Islands, ADE.

.. 74 /

i

•-

•■

o^s

*• •• n in »I TIMi AFTER «RIlVAl (MIHUTEI)

Ml III

Figure 80. P coda characteristics, Aleutian Islands, AQU.

Tine «VC STO PEV 08 0.0 s 82. 0.13 S

10.0 s 96. 0.17 5 20,0 S 69. 0.20 5 10.0 s 99. 0.08 ; «0.0 s 41. 0.22 9 90.0 S 30. 0.34 «5

1.0 * 20. 0.29 9. 1.9 M 29. U.29 9, 2.9 N 19. 0.31 9, 3.9 M 8. 0.41 9. 4.9 M 6. 0*21 4. 9.9 M 9. 0.20 4. 6.9 M 7. 0.30 3. 7.9 m 8. 0.12 2. 8.9 M 5. 0.26 2.

II M «• 11 I.I III »I TIMI AFTER MRIVAt (MIHTII)

Ml III

Figure 81. P coda characteristics, Aleutian Islands, BOZ.

75

■

I i

ft

TINC «VC 0.0 S100.

S 3ft« S

10.0 20.0 30.0 «0.0 90.0

1.0 1.9 2.9 3.9 4.9

44. 39. 37. 30. 29. 23. 16. 10. «.

STO OEV OBS 0.0 C.31 c.ia 0.29 0.21 0.26 O.IS C,2S 0.21 a» 0.21

•• " «• •• •• HI III Ml IM TIMI Ama AMIVAl (■IHVTf II

Figure 82. P coda characteristics, Aleutian Islands, CHG.

TIME «VC STO OfV 0* 0.0 S 66. 0.12 9

10.0 S 69. C.39 9 20.0 S 80. 0.08 9 30.0 S 69. 0.13 9 60.0 S 69. 0.16 9 90.0 S 60. 0.16 9

1.0 M 3«. 0.16 9 1.9 M 66. 0.07 9, 2.9 H 62. 0.11 6, 3.9 M 19. 0.11 6, 6,9 M 12. 0.09 3. 9.9 N 26. 0.92 2. 6.9 M 16. 0.16 2. 7.9 M •. 0.16 2,

•» 11 «8 8.8 18 «I iFT Tim ania taaivai iaiiMT<8i

■ »a 188

Figure 8J. P coda characteristics, Aleutian Islands, CMC.

76 /■

1

TINE «VC STO CfV 0 0.0 s 67. C.30

10.0 s 40. o.ia 20.0 S 92. 0.1« 30.0 S «7. 0.27 «0.0 S 92. 0.1» 90.0 S 31. 0.1«

1.0 M 39. C.22 1.5 M 29. 0.14 2.9 m 1*. 0.19 3.9 M 11. 0.11

«?« ZS M.t

Figuie 84. P coda characteristics, Aleutian Islands, DAL.

n M «RRIVAl IMIRKTItl

TIHC «VC STO CEV OB CO I 30. C.62 9

10.0 s 3«. 0.43 9 20.0 S 90. 0,, 3« 9 30.0 S 97. 0.18 9 «0.0 S «1. 0.17 9 90.0 S 72. 0.19 9

1.0 M •2. 0.07 9 1.9 M «*. C.12 9 2.9 M «•. 0.20 9 3.9 m 26. 0.12 3. «.9 M 29. 0.02 3. 9.9 M 19. 0.19 3, *.9 M 4. 0.20 3. 7.9 m 13. 0.12 2. •.9 M 12. 0.32 2.

•• »8 48 8.8 88 188 li8 SI 141 TIHI MTI8 AMI«« IMIMUTIti

Figure CS. P coda characteristics, Aleutian Islands, DAV.

77

Tine »VC STD OEV OBS 0.0 s O.iV 7. 10.0 s 0.22 7. 20.0 S C.U 7. 10.0 s 0.11 7. 40.0 S 0.12 7. 50.0 S 0.20 7. 1.0 M C.17 6* 1.9 M 0.10 «. 2.9 * 0.09 9. 3.9 M P.13 3. 4.9 M 0.03 3. 9.9 « 0.C9 2. 6.9 M 0.09 2. 7.9 M 0.0« 2.

M It «• II II III lit Ml ;|| TIMI «ITiR «MIVAl IMiaUTIIl

Figure 86. P coda characteristics, Aleutian Islands, 1ST.

W-

• •••A\ i

\X^

TINE «VG STD OEV OBS 0.0 S 00. 0.13 9. 10.0 S 0.29 9. ?0.0 S C.13 9. 30.0 S C.14 9. «0.0 S 0.28 9. 90.0 S 0.20 9. 1.0 * 0.24 9. 1.9 H 0.1« 9. 2.9 M 0.29 9. 3.9 M 0.42 9. 4.9 f 0.22 3. 9.9 n 0.20 3.

• I II «I II II Mt 12 8 Tim »ma «aaivai iMiaumi

Ml Ml

Figure 87. P coda characteristics, Aleutian Islands, KBL.

/

. I

1

•• »• «• •• •• »• •!• Ml ill TIMI «nil «MIVAl (MiaoTltl

Figure 88. P coda characteristic», Meuiian Islands, ICON.

TIME «VC STC OEV OB 0.0 SI00. 0.0 9

10.0 S 91. 0.29 9 20.0 S M. 0.29 9 90.0 S 99. 0.27 9 *0.0 S 9?. 0.26 9 90.0 S 96. 0.0* i 1.0 M 29. 0.C9 9 1.9 M 21. 0.19 9 2.9 M 1*. 0.2« 2. 9.9 N 2*. 0.14 2. «•9 M 24. C.16 2.

M M II II M MI m Ml H, TiMi «nu «aaivai iMiaanst

Figure 89. P coda characteristics, Aleutian Islands, MAL.

79 i

imt «vc STO oev o^s o.o sioc. O.C 7.

n.o s 44. 0.22 7. .0 S 42. C.21 7.

*,.0 S Nb 0.28 7. «O.O S 30. 0.23 7. 90.0 S 2«. 0.27 7.

1.0 M 26. 0.19 7. 1.» N 2«. 0.24 7. 2.9 N 21. 0.19 7. 9.9 " 14. C.23 4. 4.9 M 8. 0.24 3.

41 II II III 111 TIMI »Ml« «MIVAl (MIMTfll

Ml III

Figure 90. P coda characteristics, Aleutian Islands, MAT,

.--v

I r

I 2 S

T|«C *Vf, srn OEV OOS 0.0 s 67. 0.30 1»

10.0 s 37. 0.24 It 20.0 S 32. C.20 '• 30.0 S 32. 0.29 3 • 40.0 S 44. 0.2S 3« 90.0 S 34. C.3S 3»

1.0 M 34. 0.24 3« 1.9 M 44. 0.19 3« 2.9 » 44. C.2S 3« 3.9 N 97. 0.26 3« 4.9 M 49. 0.14 3» 9.9 N 40. 0.27 3» «.9 M 96. 0.23 3» 7.9 M 42. 0.44 «• ••9 ■ It. 0.76 2«

I I » I ' ' I <

• I II «I 11 II Ml III 14 1 III TIHI »III« AMIVAl IMIRHTIII

Figure 91. P coda characteristics, Aleutian Islands, MUN.

80 i

__*

«• •• •• »• IM Mt Ml TIMI UIU «MIVAl (MiaUTft)

Figure 92. P col. characteristics, Aleutian Islands, NDI.

TINE 4VG STO OCV UP 0.0 S 79. 0.2B T

10.0 S 36. 0.29 7 20.0 S 1A. 0.2* 7 »0.0 s S2. C.16 7 «0.0 s 21. 0.20 7 90.0 s 29. CIS 7

1.0 M 1«. 0.1* 7 1.9 * 1«. 0.09 7, 2.9 M 12. 0.09 *, 1.9 m «. 0.00 2.

•• " M M ~T5 ni n~» JM NJ TIMI «rtia «laim iMiii«Titi

Figure 93. P coda characteristics, Aleutian Islands, SEO.

81

i

^

TI« »VC STD nfv OoS 0.0 S 0.39 8*

10.0 S c.n P» 20.0 S r.12 W«

10.0 S 0.21 "• 40.0 S 0.18 *■•

90.0 S 0.1«> 6» 1.0 M C.22 fl« 1.9 M C.23 •• 2.9 * 0.28 7 •

3.9 H CIO ^« 4.9 M C.19 ^» 9.9 R 0.2« 3«

It til III TIHI Ultn «RRIVAl (MIMTII)

Ml III

Figure 94. P coda characteristics, Aleutian Islands, SHI,

TME «VC STO OEV OHS 0.0 s c.ir

ICO s C.23 70.0 S C..?^ 30.0 S C.22 40.0 S 0.29 90.0 S C.29

1.0 M 0.31 1.9 M 0.2T 2.9 M r.36 3.9 * G.2T 4.9 M 0.4<)

M ~~yt O •• «8 18 8 118 14 8 18 8 Tim Arm «Mim IMIMTISI

Figure 9S. P coda characteristics, Aleutian Islands, WES.

82 . i

O.O S 7^. J.16 10.0 S *«>. C.23 2C.0 S 66. "»jilt 7A 10.0 S M. '.?3 «0.0 S «4. C.?* 50.Q S 40. C^19 _I^

1.0 M *», 1.I9 !•« « 26. 0.76 2-i M I«. 0.24 J.9 » 17, 0.20 ♦.» « I). 0.22

• 4.

«■ •• II III III TIMI ArTIR «RilVAl iMIHUTIf I

Ml Ml

Figure 96. P coda characteristics, Kamchatka-Kurile Islands, ADE.

UM Aye -&ro_Q£* nas Ü.0 S 78. ".IQ ■•

10.0 \ 66. 1.2- ^« 20.0 S 7C. C.19 i». 10.0 $ 60. o.n '• 40.0 S 43. O.fO 3« iO-0 S 3«. 0.22 3.

1.0 M 27. f .17 '• 1.9 - 2«. »•1« 3« 2.9 * 17. 0.17 3« 3.9 N in. 0.12 3» 4.9 M 11. 1.27 3« 9.9 N IÜ- c.2a .

II —I— 21

i 41

I II • • II HI If I

TIMI «FT» «RilVAl IMIMTII) Ml Ml

Figure 97. P coda characteristirs, Kaachatka-Kurile Islands, AQU.

83 i

^-M

I 111

I INF MC STD OEW OB! i 0.0 S 77 0.19 6.

10.0 S 54 f.20 6, 20.0 S 62 0.26 6. »0.0 S 92 0.21 6. 40.0 S 4? 0.22 *. awL^-to 0.1B 6. t

1,0 * J3 C.7) 6, US N K C.23 6. 2.9 M 14 0.30 6. J.» * * C.2« 6. 4.9 M * 0.17 9. 9.5 N 3 lir U 3. ̂

III || II 41 II I.I til 1X1 M.I TIMI Aft» AMIVA1 (HIII7EII

Figure 98. P coda characteristics, Kawchatka-Kirile Islands, BOZ.

TIMF AVG ^rn nfw oas 0.0 S 64. 0.12 4.

10.0 S 44. :.2B 4 ?0.0 9 98. e.33 4. 90.0 9 39. 0.41 4, 40.0 S 44. 0.37 4. 1 SO.H S 26. 0.12 4.

1.0 •• 24. 0.32 4 • 1.9 « 1«. 0.2« 4 I

2.9 n i^. C.29 2. L

ii I.'I «I M If M «I •••• «•• 71«! »»Til «MIVAl (HIMTf•)

Figure 99. P coda characteristics, Kamchatka-Kuri'e Islands, CHG.

84

II II «* •• II III III TIM AFT» AMIVAl IMINUTf ||

T-

Ml III

Figure 100. P coda characteristics, Kamchatka-Kurile Islands, CMC.

I ■

| S

l-t 1 T-

-STD CEV 0.0 S 8?. O.U

10.0 S Tl. ( . )7 20.Q S 61. n.io 30.0 40.0 ».0

1.0 1.9

3.9 ♦ .9

S 90. S 60. S 99« N 91. M 49. w ?9i i IT. M 30. Jl 39.

0.'»f

C...6 C.l?

c.i? O.IC

oes

-> 1 1 r-

" '• •• M II m tu MI »a Tl«! AFTfR AIIIVAl IMIIKTIII

F jure 101. P coda characteristics, Kamchatka-Kurile Islands, DAL.

85 I i ■i

i

2 8

i it

T

HI II 21 41 II TIIIC «FTIR ARRIVAl (MIHUTItl

i 121

TIMF AVG ^TO OfW ORS 0.0 S 82. 0.14 4.

10.0 S 20.0 S

49. r.17 4, 0.14 4.

90.0 S 62. 0.15 4. 40.0 S T3. 0.1) 4. 90.0 S 76. 0.12 4. i.o n 66. 0.1Q 4. U« " 74. 0.11 4. 2.5 H ??• 0.26 4. 3.» * 42. 0.33 4. 4.5 N 70. 0.04 2. S.S M 5C. Q.C 2.

I Ml »II

Figure 102. P coda characteristics, Kamchatka-Kurile Islands, DAV.

TIMF AVC STD OEtf QBS CO S ".16 1C.

10.0 s 0.17 10. 20.0 S ".13 1(. 30.0 S 0.15 K. 40.0 S 0.21 9. 50.0 S C.15 9,

1.0 * 0.1" 9, 1.5 M P.KI 9. 2.5 H l'.27 6. 3.5 * 0.34 5. 4,5 n 0.38 5. 5.3 H C.42 4- 6.5 M 25. 0,44

41 11 I« 111 121 TIMI *f7i8 «mnv/u (MiavTiii

141

?.

Ill

Figure 103. P coda characteristics, Kamchatka-Kurile Islands, 1ST.

S6 i

■

a

I a s

• ti

limr *yc STO D£V aes 0.0 s «#3. 0. 6 9.

10.0 s 96. %29 <». 2U.0 S. sc. 1.19 •. 10.0 S 42. f .27 9. «CO 5 J«. C.26 0. M.Q $ 3!. C-25 «,

1.0 ■ 91. 0.?T «. 1.9 M 2«, ".27 H.

2.5 M -IA*^ %2B T, 1.9 • 11. A. 4.9 M «». C.20 1.

Ml Ml M (I It in in TIMI «MM «MIVAl (MIIUTfIt

Figure 104. P coda ch.racteriitici, K.nchatk.-ICurile Islands, KBL.

Tliif awr. CO S 7«.

10.0 S 91.

90.0 S 60. ♦0.0 S «C 50.0 S 45.

1.0 M «1, 1.9 M 18. M Uli.» 9.9 " 29. 4.9 M 22.

6.9 M 27.

STO 0£tf

0.13_

''.17 -£»22

-J^.l«» U.?2 0.20 QUA (.17

K.

i':. ic i". i'.. it, ir. P. fr. •i.

-4. 2.

'."^ T^ "' ' f ^- r —, ■- '• M «• •• •• »i III Ml ^|

TIMI «m« AMIVAl IMIIUTISI

Figure 105. P coda characteristics, Kwchatka-Kuril, Islands, ICON.

87 I i

I

0.0 S 02. ♦,.2r 10.0 S 91. f.12 2C.0 S ftC. 0.14 **_ »0.0 S »7. 0.10 «0.0 S «T. r.2* 90.0 i «4. 0.20 j

1.0 M 1Q. 0,|T 1.9 " 19. C.1T 2.9 H 11. 0.27 -4« - 1.9 « 2«. 0.19 «,9 * 90. 0,21 3.1 J! 24. 0.21

Tim •ni« «aaivAi IMI«NTIII

iig ire 106. P coda characteristic*, Kaachatka-Kurilt Island», MAL.

0.0 10.0 20.0 90.0 40.0

% HJ. S TU. I 47. S 90. 5 94. 6 33.

1.0 1.9

10 Dtv C.14 0."A

0.4* C.92 J^14

N 24. f.«! •• 2«. 0,9*

pas 9. 9.

_J. 9. 9.

„a«. 4. *. 2.

II Wl III Ml Ml TiMi «ma aaaivai IMIMTIII

Figure 107. P coda characteristics, Kaachatka-Kurile Islands, MAT.

88

I 3 S

ll i

II

TIM* AtfC 4T0 nftf flii 0.0 S T7.

10.0 S 92. 20-0 S ftl.

0.16 C.90 C.20

10.0 t 99. 40.0 S »T. M.O 1 41.

0.2« 0.1) 0-14

1.0 N 14. 1.9 M 97. 2.9 H 29-

cm e.24 0-f4 9.

9.« m 29. 4.« M If.

O.n« 0.04

1. 2.

M

—'— II «I II II ill til

TIMI UU» AMIV41 iHiaiTlll HI Ml

Figure 101. P coda ch«r«cteriitici, Kuchatka-Kurll* Islands, NUN.

t inf AVC lIfl_Q£W -.QEi 0.0 S «2. n.io ?.

10.0 s 41. o.ia 7. 2£»fl_L 90- o.ii 7. «0.0 S 42. r.ii T, 40.0 S 92. o.ia 7. 90.0 9 90. 0-11 7.

1.0 « )•. 0.17 1. 1.9 M )6. 0.21 T. 2.9 m 14. 0.14 7.

K 9.9 N 1). 0.2) T. 4.9 N 12. 0.2« 7. 5-9 ■ 4- 0-29 T- 4.9 M 4. 0.21 9. 7.9 " T. 0.22 •• ■ .9 H 13. a.ie 3- 4.9 ■ 4.

I I

0.«1

 i 1 • • II «I 11 II HI HI Ml III

TIMI UTil «MIVAl (HiaMTil)

Figure 109. P coda characteristics, Kaachatka-Kurlle Islands, NDI.

89

i.

1 *

TIMF «we sin oev am 0.0 s

10.0 s 20.0 S

«P. 6«. fit".

0.19 0.21 0.23

»0.0 s 40.0 s M.O s

49. 94. 9).

0.14 0.14 £.14

\.o * 1.9 H 2.9 M

44. 49. Urn

0.17 C.20 0.14

9.9 M 4.9 M 4.9 M

14. 14.

0.29 0.24 D.I4

*.9 M IT. 0.21 2.

II II III 111 TIM «ITU MIIV41 (MIMTIII

Ml III

Figure 110. P cod« characteristic», Kaachatka-Kuril« Islands, SEU.

tIMF awe STf» nfw Ql 19 0.0 9 44. C.r4

10.0 9 97. 0.17 20.0 9 41. C.12 >. 90.0 9 94. 0.19 40.0 9 44. 0.14 1 50.0 9 41. 0.17 b

1.0 N 41. C.14 1.9 N 9«. 0.19 2.9 M IS. 0.14 1 it 9.» H 19. 0.29 ( 4.9 H 4. 0.21 < 9.4 N 7. 0.49 U_

t I I I ' I » » II «I II II Ml ttl Ml III

rial »Mia aaaivai iMiavim

Figure 111. P coda characteristics, Kaachatka-Kurile Islands, SHI.

90 i

«•^

*• •• •• Ml IM Tim «rni «MtvAi imivriii

Ml HI'

Figur. 112. P coda ch.r.ct.ri.tic.. K«ch.tk.-Kurlle I. lands, NES.

0.0 S 47. 10.0 S 4«.

-20-0 ^ Tl. 90.0 S 93. «•0.0 S 43. *0*A_S 4U

1.0 N 39. 1.3 N 33.

3.3 M 21. 4.9 M 12. 9.3 ■ 11.

10. a.

no 0.40 0.33

. Q.U 0.17 C.?l C.i3 0.13 0.13

- O.IB 0.17 o.m

—0*12 0.17 0.19

0*11 0.10

OBS II. 11. 11. 11. II. 11* II. II. 11. 11. «. fl. 6. 6.

3.

Figurt 113. P coda characteristics, Japan, ADE.

91

0.0 SIOO. 10.0 1 9S. 20.0 s *a. 30.0 S M. «0.0 S M.

1.0 M 94. 1.9 H 37. ZMJ ■ 20. 3.9 H 99. «.9 M 72. ^1 H WU «.9 M 19. T.9 R 17.

SID CEV QBS 0.0 3. 0.1« 3. 0.2S 1. 0.11 3. O.U 3. UaJA 1»

0.2* 3. 0.19 3. 0.21 1. P.?« 3. 0.26 3. C. 16 3. 0.20 3. 0.11 2. r.ii 2.

• • M HI III TIHk «FTIR ««aiVAl iHtMUTIIl

Ml Ml

Figure 114. P coda characteristic!, Japan, AQU.

MM JM STD n£w nai 0.0 S 63. 0.26 ^«

10.0 S 92. 0.20 >o.a t AV . Q. 19 6« 30.0 S 30. 0.17 60.0 $ 23. 0.19 6» «Wft < ix. n.9| -A«

1,0 N 23. 0.21 6# 1.9 M 1«. 0.29 A» >.« H I1T a*ii 3Ä

3.9 M 10. 0.17 '• 4.9 M 7. 0.03 *•

--»*Am„4» 0^19 J«

• I II Ml «I Tiar «FT» amvai (■»■riii

Ml Ml

Figure 115. P coda characteristics, Japan, BOZ.

92

—M

«• •• It Ml It! TIMI MTU ttRRIVAl (HmuTill

Ml

II«£ »VG STO OEM QBS 0.0 s 0. 11 7. 10.0 s «.»1 T. 2r.J s 0.2? 7. 10.0 s O.M) 7. 40.0 1 0.1M 7. %a.n % Q.2Ü 7« 1.0 M 0.71 7. 1.« M 0.?0 7. J-5 H 14. 0.91 7t 9.9 - 0.24 «. 4.9 H 0.42 9. 5.5 M Lzl- _ 0.16 2. ft.9 H 10. 0.10 2. 7.9 •• 10. 0.2« 2.

Ml

Figure 116. P cod« ch«r«cteri»tlc», Japan, CHG.

a s

v. •. .•■ \ NJ / \ V

•*■;

I Mf JVC STO OEV OSS 0.0 S 19. 0.09 7. 10.0 9 41. 0.21 7. 21Ua S 4A. C.J9 7. 90.0 9 94. 0.27 7. 40.0 9 90. 0.21 7. 90.0 S 2 7. 0.22 7.

0.2) 7. 1.0 M 24. 1.9 M 26. n.24 7, 2.9 n 19. O.'* 6. 9.9 M 19. 0.26 6. 4.9 n i2. 0.16 4, 9.9 » 10. C.22 4. 6.9 M 8. 0.24 4. 7.9 M 12. P.»4 9. B.5 H 12. 0.16 9. «•9 H 8. 0.19 9. 10.9 ■ 7. 0.49 2.

11 21 4 1 II II Ml 121 Ml Ml TIHt *fTH «MIVAl (MIMTil)

Figure 117. P coda characteriatici, Japan, CMC.

92 f i

~-jj

0.0 S 9«. 0.17 4 ICO S ft«. 0.13 4 2a»as_ii*_ 0*14 4 90.0 S 49. 0.21 4 «0.0 S 4T. 0.1* 4 «A.a t 4«. 0*20 A

1.0 m 9*. 0.2T 4 1.9 M 9«. 0.26 9 2.9 H 21. Ct39 1 9.9 m 9T. 0.94 9 ♦.9 « J9. 0.40 2 5.5 n 20. 0.56 . a,

M II til IM

Tim «rriR «■ai««i iwiauriti Ml Ml

Figure lit. P coda characteristics, Japan, DAL.

■

S S

tlM—MtC STO Q£V OBS 0.0 S 49. 0.39 6.

10.C S 69. 0.29 6. "\ 20*0 SAS^ 0.C9 6.

1 90.0 S 19. 0.O4 6. 40.0 S 77. 0.07 6.

**^W\ -4*\ ^ft.fl t T4- fl^. 6. \ '•. N/^ \ 1.0 N 74. 0."<* 6. \ 1.9 m 79. 0.19 •'..

2.1 H 10. 0.14 6. 9.9 N 97. 0.19 «. 4.9 H 90. 0.19 9. 4-5 M 15. 0.11 _ -S.- 6.9 M 90. 0.09 9. '.9 m 99. 0.29 9. fl.5 « 2T. Q.n 4. 9.9 N Üi 0.06 4.

10.9 M 20. 0.17 4. 11.5 H 16. 0.16 3.

• ■ II «I II II HI III TIMI «Mil MHiVAt (WIIITItl

Ml Ml

Figure 119. P coda characteristics, Japan, DAV.

94

** ■• M Ml lit TIMt «fTM «RRIVAl (MINUTHl

Ml Ml

Figure 120. P cod« characteristics, Japan, 1ST.

2 S

—um AVC 0.0 S100.

10.0 S 61. ^XUILS. 13. K>.0 S 64. *C.0 S 4). M.O i p,

t.O N 9?. 1.9 M 3?. 2.5 N 19. 3.9 M 16.

STD 0£W C o.n '>.',7 0.10 0.07 C.09 O-C* n.n 0.08 C.12 0.04

• • II «I 11 it III 111 TIMI »Ml« AMIV41 («•■UTIll

Ml Ml

Figure 121. P cc . characteristics, Japan, KBL.

95 i

TIMF AVC SIQ OEM nSS 0.0 S 99. 0.02 7.

10.0 S 46. ".73 T. ^2C.O S 62. 0.1J 1. 10.0 S )B. P.19 T. 40.0 S 46. 0.18 7. -SfUlLi 40* - . iL.L2 7.

1.0 M )1. 0.12 7. !•« M 34. 0.18 6. 2.5 H 27. 0.20 6. 3.9 M 20. 0.16 4. 4.9 H 19. C.ll 4. 9.9 H 9. Q.ll 2.

4 1 It li »8 »8 TIMI MTIR «R8IVM (MIMUTftl

140 18 8

Figure 122. P coda characteristics, Japan, KON.

A

a

1 I

TINE AUC SID DEV OBS

\

0.0 S 66. 0.24 3. 10.0 S 62. 0.22 3. 20.0 S 67. C.IT 3. 30.0 S 41. 0.12 3. 40.0 S 42. 0.19 3. 5D.0_S -36. Q.20 S.

1.0 M 44. 0.19 3. 1.9 M 42. 0.12 V 2.5 H 26. Q.C7 3. 8.9 * 39. 0.90 3. 4.9 * 30. 0.98 3. AJ N 39.. 0.16 2. 6.9 R 41, 0.13 2. 7.9 M 20. 0.16 2.

It I I 1 II > 88 18 48 88 8 8 188 »8 14 8 188

TIMI M7ia «MIVAl (MIMMTIII

Figure 123. P coda characteristics, Japan, MAL. I 96

■li i

2

> >

TIHf »VC STC PEV 0" 0.0 S sa. 0.4« 7

10.0 S «7. 0.22 7 ?0.0 S 99. 0.»«» 1 90.0 S 94. 0.2J 7 «0.0 S 92. C.24 7 90,0 $ ♦9, 0.22 1

1.0 «• 44. 0.22 7 1.9 - 99. 0.24 7 2.9 - 22. 0.4fl » 9.9 M 11. C.9C f. ♦ .9 H 4. r.i4 2.

• I 21 Ml «• M U :.J in Tim uun ARIIIMI (Miaunti

Figure 124. P cod« characteristics, Japan, MAT.

Ill

I

i a I

• a i

21 «I i

II

riNi *vc STO OEV n«s 0.0 s 96. r.»9 ii.

10.0 s 4«. n.27 ii. 20.0 S 66. 0.1S 11. «0.0 s 9«. 0.22 n. 40.0 S 99. 0.19 ii. 90.0 S 46. 0.17 it. 1.0 M 41. r.i4 n. 1.9 M 42. 0.14 n. 2.9 M 39. 0.19 9. 3.9 M 39. 0.14 ". 4.5 H 29. C.19 It. 9.9 M 29. c.u 6. 6.9 M IT. 0.10 9. T.9 « 23. 0.29 7. a.s M U. 0.26 2.

• > •• 111 III TIMI «FT» AMIV4I (HIWTISI

Ml Ml

Figure 12S. P coda characteristics, Japan, MUN.

37

ii

■

TIM AVC iffl üfw 0.0 S 71. 0.14

10.0 S **. 0.19 iO.O 1 3T. _ 0.0T 30.0 S 5«. P.?2 40.0 S «2. 0.11 50.0 S It. 0.20

1.0 M 9«. ••11 1.9 M 40. 0.19 2.9 N 23. 0.21 9.9 H 19. 0.21 4.9 M 12, 0.14 9.9 H 11. a.22 ft.9 M 9. 0.21

■* I* «■ •• •• Ml III TIMI miR «MlVtl (MIHUTCSI

Ml Ml

Figure 126. P coda characteristics, Japtn, NDI.

TINE »VC STO OEV OBS 0.0 S TO. 0.19 • •

10.0 S 61. 0.27 ^» 20.0 S 44. 0.92 7« 90.0 S *P. 0.91 '• 40.0 S 10. 0.29 SCO S 29. 0.90 Jm

1.0 M 2S. C.2T 1.9 M 44. P," A« 2.9 H 24. 0.18 *• 3.9 M 19. 0.2A A« 4.9 H 22. 0.C9 *• S.9 H 12. . fi*27 «. 6.9 m 22. 0.21 7.

• ■ I* 41 II II Ml III TIMI AfTIR «MIVAl IMWVTEI)

Ml Ml

Figure 127. P coda characteristics, Japan, SEO.

98

I IM£ AW G STD OEV OB 0.0 S «8. 0.10 7

10,0 S T7. 0,10 7 20*0 S tP. 0.10 7 90.0 S 6b. o.in 7 «0.0 S «6. 0.08 7 50.aS 5«._ - 0.19 7

1.0 M 5^, 0.1« 7 1.9 M «4, 0,23 7. 2.3 1 29. 0.2« 7. 9.5 H 26. 0,23 6. ♦.« « 19, 0,3? 6.

--l^SJI 2S. C.lfl 3. 6.S M 2|, CIS 3. 7.9 N 15, 0.22 3. a.s P 11, 0.23 2, 9.« H 19. O.IP ?.

10.9 M ?6. 0.0? 2. 1U9 * 22-- 0.13 2. 12.9 M |7. ".?! ?, U.9 m If« o.io ?, 19.5 H 9, 0.21 2.

Ml «• •• M III i}| TIMI «til «MIVM (MIHUTItl

Figure 12§. P coda characterlitic», Japan, SHI.

Ml

Ti» «MC STO oew 0.0 5 97, 0.31

10.0 S «9, o.?o 20.0 & 66, 0.23 10.0 s «9. 0.39 90.0 s 32. 0.31 5C.0 S 39. P. 29

1.0 " 33. 0.?6 1.9 m ?9. 0.29 2.3 " 21. C.26 3.9 H 21. e.?9 9.9 M 29. 0.39 9.9 n 17. O.U 6.9 » 19. 0.1« 7.9 M 12. CIS a.5 n 11. C.17 9.9 * 9. C.21

I-*-—" ' I I I I —, _—^___1

•• M U II II Ml 111 Ml Ml TIMC Am* A99IVAI IMIMUTfll

Figure 129. P coda characteristics, Japan, WES.

99

^4

r

1. 2 S

-H ft ivr*v

TINF •VC 9T0 OfW O^S 0.0 S 0.29 9,

10.0 S 0.11 9, ?0.0 s 0.29 9. se.o s 0.2* *. 40.0 s 0.2) «. 90.0 s 0.7« 9.

1.0 * 0.22 9. 1.9 - I«M "J. ?.9 " C.17 *« 1.9 - 0.10 7. *.9 - 0.22 «. 9.9 N 0.2) 9. 6,9 m o.c« *. T.9 • 0.19 *.

■ I 21 41 l( II III »I TIMI »f IIH «RRIVAl (MINUTf I)

MI III

Figure 130. P coda characteristics, Philippine Islands*Taiwan, ADE.

I Z

:

a s

TIME A-'G OBS 0.0 S 47. 1.

10.0 S 100. 1. 20.0 S 70. 1. 30.0 S 44. 1. 40.0 S 36. 1. 50.0 S 57. 1. 1.0 M 37. 1. I.I M 30. 1. 2.5 H 13. 1. 3.5 M 11. 1. 4.5 M 12. 1. 5.5 H 7. 1.

I I I I ' ' '—

II 21 41 II II 111 121 Ml TIMI AfTiR ARRIVAl (MIRVTitl

III

Figure 131. P coda characteristics, P'iilippine Islands-Taiwan, AQU.

100 I

TI«F »vr. STO OFV OM 0.0 s • T. 0.11 1,

10.0 S **. 0.1« 9. JO.O s *6. 0.?« i. »P.O s 7?. 0.1ft 3. «0.0 s 99. O.U 3. w.o s 90. C.I3 3.

1.0 •• ?«. O.^« 3. 1.9 " «C, 0,1t- 3. ?.? •• 21, 0.1? 2. <•• ■ *?. O."« ?, ♦ .» - ?9. 0.13 2. 9.9 H 14. O.OT ?.

• • 11 Ml til «• ■■ M ill ill Tim «ma oamu IMHITIH

Figure 132. P cod« ch«r«cteri«tiC5, Philippine Isl«nds-T«iw«n, BOZ.

i

2 S

TIMf •vr. STO OEV nss 0.0 S Q.C« 3.

10.0 S n.i« 3. 20.0 S P.OT 1. 30.0 S '.'.C* J. *0.0 S C.20 3. 90.0 ^ 0.^2 3.

1.3 " 0.1? 3. 1.9 - ^.12 3. 2.9 - 0*14 3, 3.9 •• 60. 0.?T », «.9 m «1. C.1C 2.

II I

II «I II 11 til 111 nm «ma «MIV«I (HIMTISI

Ml Ml

Figure 133. PKP cod« characteristics, Philippine Islands-Taiwan, BOZ.

101 I

~M

Tiaf »VC STO ncv o«s 0.0 S 0.1« 7.

10.0 S C.^0 T. 70.0 S O.JI T. 10.0 S 0.78 7, 40.0 S 0.7« 7, w.o s 0.71 7.

1.0 » 0.79 7. u« •» «.7« 7, 2.» •» o.l« *. <.» * ".11 %. 4.9 M P.74 4, 5.9 » 0.1« 2.

Tim »mi «•■iv4i IMIUMTIII

Fifture 134. P cod« characteristics, Philippine Islsnds-Ttiwsn, CHG.

O.n S ICO 7C.0 30.0 40.0 90.0

1.0 1.9 7.9 9.9 4.9 9.9 6.9

»wr, • 9. 99. 31. 7«. 77. 24. 7^. 24. 19. 1*. 20. 32. 2«.

STO rtfV 0.14 0.24 0.17 C.76 P.7" 0.1« C.?6 C.I7 r.io 5.4C 0.4« C.14 0.71

«I 11 •• Ml It! Tim «MI« «••■««i (■MIITIII

n«s 4. <». «>. «. ". «. T. T. *. •>. 4. 7. 7.

i Ml Ml

Figure I3S. P cod« char«cteristic«, Philippine Islands-Taiwan, CMC.

102

^4

t

TIMF *vr. STO OFV 0.0 S TO. ••14 10.0 S 6*. C.I* 20.0 S 71. O.U 90.0 S 50. 0.04 ♦0.0 S JT. 0.10 W.O S ?T. f.06 1.0 M ?P. 0.10 !•« - 1?. 0.C3 2.S m ?«. n.r* 3.S " 10. 0.11 ♦ .9 •« ?*. 0.1* 9.9 * 1«. COT

II 41 M.I Ml II •• Ml 111 TWf «f Tf I AMIV«! (MIMTill

Kigure 136. PKP coda characteristics, Philippine Islands-Taiwan, DAL.

I I 3 S

TINE *VC STC CfV nas 0.0 S 30. o. J6 10.0 S 92. 0.22 20.0 S 69. C.1T 30.0 S 69. 0.13 40.0 S 62. 0.16 90.0 S 9«. 0.14 1.0 M 64. 0.14 1.9 M TB. 0.19 2.9 M 69. 0.14 3.9 M 33. O.U 4.9 N 22. 0.23 9.9 N 26. 0.10 «.9 « II. 0.10 T.9 M 1«. C.32

•• >• M I.I II Ml »I Ml Ml Tim AFTER «MIV4I (MINUVft)

Figure 137. P coda characteristics, Philippine Islands-Taiwan, DAV.

103 I _*J

i i

I s

8 y\ . ,1 j\y\ \

s 1 A\1

>

\ •'•••( y TI^F AVG STO re» OM • 0.0 S ft«. 0.1« «. • 10.0 s «•. C.IT 9. • ?0.0 s ft«. 0.20 <. i 10..I s IT. 0.21 «.

• ♦0.0 s 3?. 0.0« T. so.o s 2<». 0.0ft 9.

1.0 M 2ft. 0.1« 9. Uf •• 21. 0.1ft 9. 2.» 1 7ft. 0.22 *. 1.9 « 14. 0.19 3.

• I Ji 4.1 It II Ml 121 TWi «FTil «MIVAl (MiaWTiil

Ml lit

Figure 138. P cod« characteristics, Philippine Islands-Taiwan, 1ST.

TIXF »V 1 STn rf» cif S 0.0 S 0.21 1

IC) 9 o.i*\ 20.0 S 0.22 • 10.0 S 0.2T 40.0 S •%7T 90.0 S r.ift •

1.0 M 0.14 ' 1.9 m C.2T ' 2.9 M 0.19 ' 1.9 H C.41 • 4.9 - 0.C4

IJ II 41 II II «I »I Ml Ml TIMI «Til «IIIVAl (■IIITIII

Figure 139. P coda characteristics, Philippine Islands-Taiwan, KBL.

104

^M!

I

1 ■ I

Ttnf «vr. srn nfv n«s 0.0 C.09

10.c 0,2? 20.0 0.7? 10.0 0.19 *0.0 0.M s*.o CIS

1.0 0.34 Ul 1.07 2.* O.OT

21 i II Ml Ml «I II II N.I 121

TIW «n» «RIIVAl (HIMTIII

Figure 140. P coda characteristic», Philippine Islands-TaiMan, KON.

2

3

TIME AVG OBS O.C S 20.

10.0 S 60. 20.0 S 100. 30.0 S 100. 40.0 S 100. SO.O S 60. 1.0 M SO. l.S N 60. l.t M 30. 3.5 M 60.

M ' I t I I T— II 21 4.1 I.I II 111 12.1

TIMI «FTIR AMIVAl (MINITII) Ml III

Figure 141. P coda characteristics, Philippine Islands-Taiwan, MAL.

105

--^

I

a s

T|«ir •vc ». rr nrw o.n «. 0,21

n.o s , '".?» ?-,.o ^ C.19 X** ^ c ".IT

V r.?i s '.is - > '. '^ M )•!« ■ CM •« ■,.?S M ".'? M C»« • «* 0,r« M r.n « »•.i« M .•IJ w r,,-* H C.»»> M »•l# M O.''^ M '.'S M I.'P

1I>^

■ I II «I II II 111 »I TIMI *ITI« «RRIVAl iHIHUIfI)

Ml III

Figure 142. PKP coda characteristics, Philippine Islands-Taiwan, MAL.

.

I 2

•

Tf-t »V, sin .ifw f.," « *•'. ^•M

r.'» S e«t« "".'" 1 ^.»f. V>** t ''.i* 40." <■ r.?? W.n <, n, |a

U1 " ''.17 l.s •• ^.n ?.s - r.I«. 1*1 ■ t«f> «..s » f .If %.s - <■.?»

I ■• 1 I 1 1 1—— I —■ 1 1 II II 41 II II III III Ml III

TIMi AfTII •■■IVM (MINITISI

Iigure 143. V coua characteristics, Philippine Islands-Taiwan, MAT.

106

3 S

TIKE »vr. STC OFV nm 0.0 S 9«. '".29 10.

m.o s 92. ".21 1C. 20.0 s **. r.n 1C. 5P.0 $ ♦ T. ^.22 10. «0.0 s «3. 0.16 1C. «0.0 s «0. 0.23 10.

1.0 " ♦ I. C,22 10. U9 « ♦6. r.29 10, 2.9 M 3«. C.2t in. 3.9 •• n. r.i* K. ♦ .9 •• 34. 0.20 0, 9.5 M 32. r.ll f-. 6.9 M 23. 0.1<» 9. T.9 m 20. ^.37 9. 1.9 H 26. 0.13 *. 9.9 - 1«. C.2* 3.

10.9 M 2«. f.OT 7.

• ■ 21 41 Ml Ml • • I.I III 111 TWi »»Til «MIVAl IMWVTIII

Figure 144. P coda characteristics, Philippine Islands-Taiwan, MUN.

TINf 0.0 S

•VG 17.

STo ofv nn O.li 7

10.0 s 6Ä. 0.21 7 20.0 S 69. 0.20 7 30.0 9 93. P.10 7 60.0 9 60. 0.16 7 90.0 S 31. 0.13 7

1.0 » 23. 0.22 7 1.9 M 29. C.20 7 2.9 «1 1«. 0.23 7 3.9 ■ 10. 0.16 7 6.9 •• 10. 0.14 6. 9.9 N «». 0.26 3,

•• >• 4.1 I.I || N.I III M.I Ml TIMI «TI« «MIVAl (MMHTIII

Figure 14S. P coda characteristics, Philippine Islands-Taiwan, NDI,

107

^

5 S

rm «VC STO OEV 04$ 0.0 s 0.9«

to.o s 0.1« 10.0 I O.lt 90.0 S 0.17 ♦0.0 • 0.04 90.0 S 0.14

1.0 H o.ia 1.9 H 0.11 2.9 H 0.19 9.9 M 0.14 4.« H 0.?1 9.9 N 0.21 ft.9 ■ C.21 T.9 * O.OT

M II 4i II II III III TMI UU» MWVAl (■IIUTil)

—i— Ml

—^ III

Figure 146. P coda characteristics, Philippine Islands-Taiwan, SEO.

TIME IVfi STO DfV OHS 0.0 s 0.99

10.0 s 0.11 20.0 $ 0.11 90.0 9 C.t4 40.0 S 0.10 90.0 S 0.14

1.0 * 0.12 1.9 m 0.12 2.9 M 0.29 9.9 m 0.18 4.9 M 0.29 9.9 « 0.29 ft.9 * 0.2T T.9 n 0.12

II II «I II II III III Ml III TMI Mit» AiaiV«! IMIMTII)

Figure 147. P coda characteristics, Philippine Islands-Taiwan, SHI,

108 i

»WC Iff) ofw nn$ 12. 0.1«» 7, 49. C.9« 7. 9*. 0.1« 7. 40. 0.31 T. I«. 0.90 7. 79. C.99 7, 27. 0.99 7. 2«. 0.2T 7. 98. 0.96 «. «1. „ 0.20 «. 21. r.24 6. 1*. 0.29 4. 1«. 0.2« 4.

1. 0.22 4. *. O.M 9. 7. C.16 9.

11. 0.09 2. 7. «.!• 2.

II -T

tl -r 41 II II Ml III

TIMI MU» «MIVAI mnaTisi Ml Ml

Figure 148. PKP coda characteristics, Philippine Islands-Taiwan, WES.

Tl»f avc STC *H )«• 0*0 79. 0.16 9.

10*0 «0. 0.18 9. #0*0 97. C.2^ •. 90*0 9§. r.26 •. 40 »0 40. 0.24 P. 90*0 47. 0.21 »«

1 »0 n« o.?r. a. 1 »5 92. 0.20 7. «• * 99. 0.21 7. 9« 9 29. C.9I f. ♦• " 21. 0.24 f. v«9 1«. C.'7 9, ••9 26. 0.26 4. T»9 17. 0.17 «. "•* 19. r.09 ?. "• * 24. t.V- 7.

lO» * 90, 0.?6 2. 1 !• * 90. C.*1 7. I« • * 96. t.19 7, 11« * 92. 0.'« 2. ■ ♦• * 27. 0.29 7. I *• * 2».. 0.19 2.

^

TIMI «»Tl« A«ai««l (HIIVTISI

Figure 149. P coda characteristics, Soloaon Islands-New Hebrides, ADE.

109

TlHf *VC »t* "»V '»''S 0.0 ^ *•♦' r.o s ' .T? 20,0 S 3«t« ICO S •".l? ♦ CO s o.n 90.0 S 1,70 !.0 - CM l.< • . ,1» 2.^ - 9« 49 1.4 - CM ♦ .* " C*? ^.» ■ CM

Ml

Figure ISO,

•• ■• Wt It! Ml TIMI um *MIV«l IMiauTltl

PKP coda characteristic», Solomon Islands-New Hebridea, AQU.

■ . i, A

I £

! s t m z

3 8

If; .—-»•.•. \\ i i y ••■ v v ■••

5\ wy \

11*f •VG $Tt OFV 0«S 0,? A* 0.27 ft.

10,0 9»*. CJ» *. ?0,0 0.72 ^. »o,c 0.19 *■.

«0.0 C21 f. 40.0 0.20 t.

1.0 0.19 fc. 1.9 C21 *, ?.* 0.2* c 3.4 0.92 f".

4.9 0.32 '.. 9.9 0.2« >■.

«.9 CIO f.. 7.9 0.37 *. ■ .9 0.21 ^.

■ I I I I I

II II 41 II II Ml in TIM Ami ainvai (umiTiti

Ml til

Figure 1S1. P coda characteristics, SoloBon .slands-New Hebrides, BOZ.

110

1

I

^

TIM *VC STT OPy "»S 0.0 s T9. C.?A «,

10.0 s ♦ «. n.2l 4. ?0.0 s M. 0.10 4. »0.0 s %t. «,.C4 ♦. 40.0 s 92. 0.11 4, w.o s 1*. C.?0 4. l.n H 2*. 0.14 4. 1.9 It 39. 0.16 4. 2.9 " 1A. 0.19 4. 1.9 M 1«. 0.19 4. 4.9 «• «. 0.19 1. 9.9 « 9. •.«1 2.

Ul Ml «• 11 II Ml Ul Tim un» MIIVM '«nami

Figure 1S2. P coda chancteristics, Soloaon Islands-New Hebrides, CHG.

\\

vLLjcK /—v \ \

<....y

21 i

III

TIN« «VS $T0 ^FV n»«; CO S M. ',.?« * •

10.0 <t 94. 0.16 2C.0 S TO. ^.^ r • 10.0 9 71. 0.19 40.0 S 9T. e*M 9C.0 $ 94. O.io

1.0 M 46. 0.19 •• 1.9 M 19. .0.71 * • 2.9 M 20. C.ia ^» 1.9 M 16. '".24 * • 4.9 m 22. «,.71 ft • 9.9 M ??. 0.2f 6.9 M 16. «".19 6#

T.9 M 12. P.?4 ^« a.^ m 11. 0.71 9.S M 11. ?.^■,

10.9 M 12. '".17 * • 11.9 M 11. '■.19 *• 12.9 M 14. 0.29 »•

Ml •II

V

M «i II ill in TIMI «Ml« «MIVAl (MiavTil)

Figure 1S3. p coda characteristics, Soloaon Islands-New Hebrides, CMC.

Ul

_«J

S

■ 5

i


10.0 S 60. 1 20.0 S 100. 1 30.0 S 100. 1 40.0 S 80. 1 50.0 S 60. 1 1.0 M 75. 1 1.5 N 60. 1 2.5 M 40. 1

• • II 41 141 111 I.I 11 111 «• TIM! AFTER «MIVAl IHIIHTill

Figure 154. PKP coda characteristics, Solomon Islands-New Hebriues, DAL.

u m

II

2

) 1 0

!0. 20. 30

*0 1. I I« •• 4. •». 4 7. ft

>*f *V6 ST" '"FW o»»s r.u c.?^ r.iH O.CO 'l.CT P.»»« 0.10 0.12 P.27 0.21 r,?« 0.23 0.24 0.29 n,22 0.4«

II 11 I

41 II —t—

II —T—

III I

III 141 III TIMI AFTIR ARRIVAl (MtHUTdl

Figure 155. P coda characteristics, Solomon Islands-New Hebrides, DAV.

112 i

; /\.^"' c i-'.V •;•. i K » re .-''■'-■■■

TI« »vr, Sin DFW on 0.0 s I.C* If.

10.0 ^ 0.14 l^« 20.0 S r.i2 ir. 30.0 % c.u K. «0.0 S ".i« 10. V.O S 0.1« 10,

1.0 ■ 0.1» 10. 1.9 * 0.78 10. ?.* ■ 0.^3 1C. 9.9 •• C.34 «. ♦ .9 - 0.1« fc. 9.9 M n.^Q ?. 0.9 •• n,»5 2.

—1

Ml • • ■• III III Ml TIMI AFTIR AMIVAl (MIMUTItl

Figure 1S6. PKP coda characteristics, Solomon Islands-New Hebrides, 1ST.

TW »vf. STD OFV 19$ 0.0 S112. 0.93

10.0 S 95. 0.04 20.1 % 47. 0.11 30.0 S ♦ 1. 0.21 ♦0.0 S *9, 0.10 90.0 9 90. 0.17

1.0 M 64. 3.22 1.9 M 97. 0.14 2.9 •• 4«. C.14 3.9 m ♦C. C.17 4.9 M 36. C.41 9.9 •• 29. 0.^1 6.9 •• 20. 0.41 ?,

Ill •• M II Ml 111 141 TIMI AFTIR AMIVAl (MIHUTiS)

Figure 1S7. P coda characteristics, Solomon Islands-New Hebrides, KBL. I 113

- a

I

I 8

I »- 3

TINE AVÜ OBS 0.0 S 100. 1.

10.0 S 37. 1. 20.0 S 40. 1. 30.0 S 30. 1. 40.0 S 35. 1. 50.0 S 40. 1. 1.0 M 57. 1. 1.5 M 30. 1. 2.5 M 25. 1. 3.5 M 25. 1. 4.5 M 15. 1.

• I II Ml III 41 II II III in Tim Mil» «RRIVAl IMIMUTEII

Figure 158. PKP coda characteristics, Solomon Islands-N«tf Hebrides, KBL.

a ii S

I 3

i

Tl^f *VC «TO OFV OHJ 0.0 s 0.19 T,

10.0 s 0.?* 7. 20.0 S Ö.17 7. 30.0 S 0.12 7. 40.0 S 0.20 7. 90.0 S 0.19 7.

1.0 M 0.19 7. l.S M 0.24 ■». 2.9 M 0.09 9. S.9 m 0.10 4. 4.9 M o.n 4.

II 1.1 4.1 II I.I III III M.I III TIMI »Ulf. ARRIVAL (MIRUTII)

Figure 159. PKP coda characteristics, Solomon Islands-New Hebrides, KON.

114 -« mtmm» • r •

ri«e *vc STO ftFV 0.0 S ^6. 0.1«

to.o s 9% ^.O« »r,? \ TA. 0.10 »0.3 $ T7. e.n *0.0 s TO. cot 50.0 % «7. 0,07

1.0 - 5*. 0.1T 1.1 •• II« o.ll 2.i * It« 0,.?9 1*1 n »*. C.I* *.5 " 11. 0.1« ».^ ■ ??. %M

C.l?

n»\

Ml Ml • I II III III TIKI «FTIR AMlVAl IMINUTitl

Figure 160. PKP cod. characteristics, Soloaon I:Unds-Nei* Hebrides, MAL.

TIMF «VG STO Of» o«< 0.0 S T7. 0.14

10.0 S rit 0.16 ?0.0 S 7r. r.i« 30.0 S w. 0.71 «0.0 S «0. 0.7? «0.0 S w« «.1*

1.0 " 49. 0.10 1.5 •• 17. '".11 }.S M 27. r.7« t,i " ?«. 0.71

II 21 Ml *• M II Ml IM Ml

Tim «FTi« AimvAi iMiaiiTiii

Figure 161. P cod« characteristics, Solomon Islands-New Hebrides, MAT. I 115

—M

TI"F «VC STD r^v nm 0.0 1 ?*>. O.?0 12.

10.0 S «9. 0.19 12. M.O *, *9, C.?9 12. 10.0 s ?«. 1.29 12. 4C.0 S ?<». ',.2« 12. 90.0 S <Q. 0.31 12.

1.0 - 1?. 0.32 12. 1.9 - 9a. C.24 12. 1.9 ■ »*. 0.34 11. 9.9 •» i*). 0.30 9. ♦.9 » 13. C.3* 9. 9.9 ■ l«t 0.39 «. *.9 " n. 0.3« *. 7.9 •• n. «.IB 9, «,9 ■ i". '>.79 3.

Ml III • I IS III til Tim «fTIM «MIVAl (MIMUTIIl

Figure 162. P coda characteristics, Solomon Islands-New Hehrides, MUN.

TI««» 4VC 9T0 OFV OHS CO 0.19 1 1.

10.0 0.16 tl. 2C.1 c* 11. 30.0 0.76 11. 40.0 I.24 11. 9C.0 * m ?y 11.

»«,29 11. 0.2a 11. C22 10. r,24 9. l|afN $M ^.4^ ■ •.

T. 0.33 4. 0.39 3. Ml ?.

10.9 0.71 2. 11.9 ". 32 2.

11 tl «I 11 II HI HI Ml Ml riMi »ma «aaivii IMMHTIII

Figure 163. P coda characteristics, Soloaon Islands-New Hebrides, NPI.

lie

*i

I

1^—

Jl*e «VG STO "Pv nns 0.0 S To. ".l" 7,

10.0 ^ *3. •».M 7, 2^.0 s 37. J.3<J 7. 30.0 s *r. C.-«6 7. *0.0 s 3<5. a«M 7. M.O s 79, a.»5 7.

1.0 M 30. C.32 7. l.S w ?6. 0.31 7. 7.5 M n. r.** *. 3.5 M n. 3«M -s. 4.5 M 12. C.lt «. 5.5 M "». 0.24 4. «.5 M ». 0.31 «, 7.5 « 1C. r.c? a.5 M 1". %11 ?. 9.5 M o. -.u ?.

1".5 M 7. <'.!• ^.

21 H.I »I «• ■■ •• III III TIME AFTER «MIVAl (MIHUTEtl

Figure 164. P cod« characteristics, Solomon Islands-New Hebrides, SEO.

TIME *VG STO OEV n«s r.o s 67. P.71 ft«

10.0 1 93. 0.1° ft« 20.0 1 69. 0.14 ft« 30.0 S 62. 0.12 *>• 40.0 S 48. O.^o o# 5P.0 S 51. P.*-« ft«

1.0 M 47. 0.13 6« 1.5 M 39. O.rq 6« 2.5 •» 23. ".21 5« 3.5 »i 32. O.'O 3« 4.5 M 46. ".36 ^ä

5.5 m 4P. 0.40 1« 6.« m 2*. 0.47 ^« 7.5 M 21. 0.4» 3« «.5 M 22. 0.3r' ^« 9.5 * 25. 0.30 « •

II 2.1 III *> IB II III 111 Ml TIME AFTER «RHIVAl (MIINTEi)

Figure 16S. p cod« characteristics, Soloaon Islands-New Hebrides, SHI.

117

TIW «VG tTf» *€¥ 0« 0.0 s ST. 0,C* T

10.0 s ft?. O.U 7 ?0.0 % ^0. C,0<» 7 30,0 «i 51. 3.07 7 ♦P.O S 57. ".10 7 90.0 S 50, 0.10 7

1.0 M 34. 0.15 7 Ul •» 50. 0.23 7 ?.s •« 43. 0.16 7 Wi » »5. %16 7 ♦.9 «• 31. 0,20 7 9.5 M 21. 0.14 t *.9 M 23. C.C« s T.9 N 26. O.o«i 1.9 - 23. o#M «.9 « 21. r.i7 5,

10.9 P 27. 0.17 *, 11.9 m 20, 0.17 1. 12.9 M 14. 0.12 7.

00 2J 40 01 It III HI Ml TIMi AFT» «RRIVAl (MINUTtt)

III

Figure 166. PKP coda characteristics, Solomon Islands-New Hebrides, SHI,

Tl^F »VG STn OFV n«s a.o s r.i2 c.

10.0 s 0.28 9. 20.0 S ■ 5 A o.

30.0 S 0.79 <J.

40.0 S 0.»6 H.

50." S 0.75 f>. 1.0 M 0.23 «, 1.5 - n.21 7. 2,5 " C.77 s. 9.5 M 0.72 3.

M.I M.I 4.1 I.I I.I III 12.1 TIME AFTER AMIVAl (MIMUTEI)

Figure 167. PKP coda characteristics, Solomon Islands-New Hebrides, WES.

118

*-Mä

MIL, iyu 0,0 s «s.

10,0 s so, 2fi*0 S **, 10.0 S 4", ♦o.o s %*,

1.« •» u, U« ■ «i, 2«? »-AS 3.9 •» M« ♦ .S «• I«,

6,4 M 16, 7,9 N 12,

0,?1 0,1« o,?- 0,'*

0,13 0,7*>

0,11 0.1» 0,16

. 0.10 0,04 0,^9

• I 21 —i— It Ml III «• II II III 111

TIMI AFTER AMIVAl (MINUTEtl

Figure 168. P coda characteristics, Sumatra-Java, ADt.

Figure 169. No observations, Sumatra-Java, AQU.

TINF ivr, STO OFV JSS 0.0 s «9. "."7 7.

10.0 $ 64. 0.?7 7. 21Ml_i. V. 0.29 7t 10.0 s 44. 0.27 7. 40.0 S 36. 0.?9 7. 50-0 S M. C.'l 7,

1.0 M 10. 0.11 7. 1.1 M 11. 0.1» 6, 2-5 M 22, 0.19 6. 3.9 M 19. 0.16 ft« 4.9 M 17. 0.40 «. 9.9 f 34. rt.20 3, 6.9 M 19. 1.24 2. 7.9 M 17. 0.77 2,

> 2

l.i 21 M.I III

OPS

n(

o, o, n, Q,

7, S. s. 4, 4,

1,

«• •• II 111 12.1 TIMI AFTEM «iRIVitl (MIMUTEt)

Figure 170. PKP coda characteristics, Sumatra-Java, BOZ. 119

- il

!

-TI1F AVG -iltLOEV, UM 0.0 SIOO.

10.0 S *«, gQ'Q S 4T. w.o s 40.0 S so.o s

0.0

1. 0 *« II« 1. 5 M ?■».

2. 5 m I«. 3. 5 M 12. «. 9 *" n.

J4 Jl M 9.

0.21 0.12 Q.2C 0.2» 0.20 0«2* ! 0.14 0.11

•• >• «■ ll I.I III II« Tl« AFT» «RaiVAl (■IIVTIII

Ml III

Figure 171. p coda charscteristics, Sumatra-Java, CHG.

i 5


10,0 S 17. 20.0 S 15. 30.0 S 15. 40 0 S 24. SO.O S 22. 1.0 M 30. l.S M 17. 2.5 M 15. 3.5 N 35. 4.5 M 100. 5.5 M 50. 6.5 M 55. 7.5 M 25. 8.5 M 20.

•• >l «• II 11 III III Ml III TIMI AfTIR AiRIVAl (MINHTIS)

Figure 172. p coda characteristics, Sumatra-Java, CMC.

120

■anmiMMHaHwwHWMi

3 S

i-t- M

TiHF Awe STD DiV 08S 0.0 s »1. 0.14 6.

10.0 s 66. P.?0 6. 20.0 S 6"'. P.l<» 10.0 s »4. 0.12 40.0 S 69. 0.0« M.O S 44, 0.19

1.0 M 49. 0.14 Uf m 38. 0,15 2.5 * ^. 0.2«

41 T

II 141 III •• 11 III III TIMI «nil «MIVAl (MIMUTfS)

Figure 173. PKP coda characteristics, Sumatra-Java, CMC.

» a

-LIME 6WC STB nfw ail 0.0 S «14.

10.0 S 46. 20.0 S Ha 90.0 S 49. 40.0 S 44. M-0 I 47.

0.11 0.19 0.18.

1.0 N 60. 1.9 4 99. 2.8 I Mt

0.76 O.JO 0.16

1.9 M 40. 4.9 M 9?.

0.16 0.21 0.04 0.0 O.OT 0*06

I • ■ M «• II II 111 III 141 III

TIME AFTER AMIVAl (MINUTEt)

Figure 174. !PKP coda characteristics, Sumatra-Java, DAL.

121

^^Ml

I ■ I

30.0 S M. 40.0 S 91.

1.0 W 9A. 1.9 M 91.

0.18 0.2? 0->«

3.9 M 23. 4.9 M 19. 8.» f MM.

0.26 0.10 Qf?7

«J.

ft.9 m 12, 7.9 M 19.

0.29 0.21

-0*24. 0.40 0.49

-4*

21 41 2.

Ml •• ■• 111 III TIMI AFTIR «MIVAl (MlMUTII)

Figure 175. P coda characteristics, Sumatra-Java,

til

DAV.

21

rmF Avr. STD D£y _Q*$ 0.0 s

10.0 * 20.0 S

04. 49. 1«.

0.16 0.19 0.31

1 •

30.0 S ♦0.0 s 90.0 S

36. 23. 3D.

0.33 0.21 0.49

8«

1.0 * 1.9 N 2.? M

22. 21. 14.

0.19 0.19 0.40

'• ♦ •

3.9 m 20. 0.16 €•

Ml III «• •• II III III TIMi AFTtl ARRIVAl IMIMUTII)

Figure 176. F coda characteristics, Sumatra-Java, 1ST.

122

1

11« «Vß STO DEV (»I 9.0 1 H). O.I* ^.

10.0 S «n. 0.09 <. 21Ufl_A. ftfti 0.1ft 3, so.o s M. 0.1« 3. «0.0 s ♦7. 0.15 ^. 50*fl_S. ^7. 0.21 1.

1.9 - IT. 0.?0 3. 1.5 M 3?. 0.2* 3. 2.1 I 70 • 0.1« 3. 1.9 I» 12. 0.23 3. «.5 M ". 0.25 3.

Ml 111 41 I.I I.I ill 111 Tim «FTIR MMIVAl (MIIHTII)

Figure 177. p coda characteristics, Siuiatra-Java, KBC.

-111£ «wc «TO nfw p»s 2. 0.0 S «9.

10.0 S T«. ZQiQ I ifca 30.0 S 32. «0.0 S 29. MAA i UM

0.«9 0.11 Mi 0.2« 0.«« 0i02 o.io 0.35

0.0*

2. 2.

Jt. 2. ?.

2.

I ■■ >• *• II II 111 III M.I Wl

TIMI «mi AMIVAl (MINUTES)

Figure 178. p coda characteristics, Sumatra-Java, KON.

\

• ii s 9 e ■

I 2

1

TIME AVG 0.0 S SO.

10.0 S 40. 20.0 S 40. 30.0 S 50. 40.0 S 40. SO.O S 50. 1.0 M 80. l.S N 100. 2.S M 80. 3.5 M 40.

It M(

OBS

III 41 II II III III TIMf AFTER MRIVAl (MIHUTIII

Figure 179. P coda characteristics, Sumatra-Java, MAL.

| a

i-t— • i 21

1.0 M 3«. 1.9 H 49,

3.9 M 19.

TD ngv 0.19

0.7M O.?0 Oir ■

0.«*

OBS

*.

A.

*.

3.

?.

t

111 141 III 41 II II III TIMi WTIR «RRIVAl (MIMUTII)

Figure 180. PKP coda chancteristics, Sumatra-Java, MAL.

124

■i

I 3

JlÄ—IMC IM Of* 0,0 ^ 7^,

10.0 S 66.

10.0 S T4. «0.0 S 60.

0.10

1.0 i.i

63. ♦6.

6,1 •• 13.

0.11 0.12

0.1T

o.ir O.PT

■• :• «• ■• ii HI »• TIMI Mil» «RRIVAl IMIIIUTitl

Ml

OBS 6. ^.

6. fr. 6, *. *. 1M 1. 2.

Ml

Figure 181. P coda charactersitics, Sum itra-,lava, MAT.

2 S

II

TINF AVC SIÜ DE¥ 0»1 0.0 S Tl. 0.?6

10.0 $ V>. e.»« 2«U0-i 11*.. -5a2C 10.0 S 1«. 0.21 60.0 1 ?0. C?" 10.0 5 |7, 0.20

1.0 * ?6. 0.11 1.1 » 73. 0.26 2.9 P 11. 0.27 3,1 H 20. 0.27 6,1 ■ 10. 0.20

<• M 11 II Ml 121 TIME «TU ARM»«I (MINIITiSI

Ml Ml

Figure 182. P coda characteristics, Swaatra-Java, MUN.

125 I .*_*

TINE «VG SIO DEV 0*5 0,0 s TP. 0.?«»

10.0 s ♦ T. '<.?7 20.0 S 1?i 0.29 Pi 10.0 % 39. 0.36 «0.0 s 31. 0,3« 90.0 s ?«■ 0.49

U4 ■ 16. «.96 l.«» •< 27. C.92 7.9 " ??t 0.39 t>t 3,9 « 17. 0.33 4.9 * 16. 0.36 9.9 - Pi 0.96 tl 6.9 H 30. 0.04 7.9 N 23. 0.76 «,9 - 11. 0.37

—T—

II II II HI '»• TIMf Mil* »MIV/U (MiaiTil)

Ml III

Figure 183. P coda characteristics, Sumatra-Java, NDI,

TIMf *YC _Slil.5EV. OEi 0,0 9 R6, C.I6 9.

10,0 9 92, 0.17 0, 20.0 S 90. P.2T___Ja. 30.0 S 38. ".26 9, 60.0 S 38. 0.26 tt. 90.0 S M. Oil5 5*.

1.0 M 38. 0,19 7. 1.9 n 96. 0,16 9, 2.9 m 69. 0.22 9. $.9 « 2«». 0,06 6, 4.9 M 17. 0,12 3.

II II til til TIME «Fill »MIVAl (MIMUTIt)

141 III

Figure 184. P coda characteristics, Suaatra-Java, SEO.

126

» TINF Avr. STD PEW QBS 0.0 s •2. 0.1*

10 «o s 66. O.U s 7U 0.07

*0«0 6*. 0.11 ♦0«0 M« 0.10

s M. O.JR 1 »0 ♦o. c.?? 1 • * 41. 0.?0

?7t o.35 nf

5«9 It. 0.32 *•" 19. 0.26

?0. 0.09 «•" IT. O.II • • * ,■»3. C.l? R» 5 12. 0.0«

>• «I M ■• til 111 TIMI unn «RRIVAI IMIIIUTISI

141 III

Figure 185. P coda characteristics, Sumatra-Java, SHI.

I II

TIME WüL 0.0 s 76.

10.0 S 43. IM S 37. 30.0 S 33. 40.0 S 32. M.O S 30.

1.0 M 2*. 1.9 H 26. 2t3 M 30.

SliJ DfV 0.20 r.22

0.24 0.33 0.3*

3.3 «• 33. 4,9 " 19.

6.9 I ?2.

0.29 0.29

-a.2_9_ 0.34 0.24 Q.12 0.22

0!$ 4, *. 3t

" 9. 9. 9. 9. ''.

-4, 4. 1.

II Ml III 41 I I II 111 III TIMI AFTER ARRIVAl (MIRUTII)

Figure 186. PKP coda characteristics, Sumatra-Java, WES.

127

IM-k TIKC »VG STD OEV OBS 0.0 s 96. 0.09

10.0 s 9B. 0.14 20.0 S 60. C.1B 30.0 S 66. 0.21 40.0 S 60. 0.21 90.0 S 39. 0.23

i.O M 30. n.16 1.9 M 30. C.21 2.9 * 36. 0.18 3.9 M 22. 0.26 4.9 N 19. 0.3(1 9.9 M 16. 0.23 6.5 M 12. 0.0«

I.I It III III 141 III TIMI «fTER «MIVAI. (MllVmi

Figure 187. P coda characteristics, Tonga Islands-Fiji Island?, ADE.

u m t

II

Tl»»€ «VG STC ncv OBS 0.0 s 2B. 0.49

10.0 s 86. 0.12 20.0 S 66. 0.04 30.0 S 64. 0.12 60.0 S 68. 0.12 90.0 S 74. 0.18

1.0 M 91. 0.14 1.9 H 63. 0.04

II II «I ii II «I IM Ml III TIMI «TIB MRIVAl (MHIUTIII

Figure 188. PKP coda characteristics, Tonga Islands-Fiji Islands, AQU. I 128

■ M.

U

I»

I 2

TIM *v& STO cev nn 0.0 S • 2. 0.11 t

10.0 S 9a. 0.16 R 20.0 S 38. C.21 8 90.0 S «2. C.U 8 «0.0 S 91. 0.14 8 90.0 S *♦. 0.14 8

1.0 H 9*. 0.11 8 1.9 M 11. C.I6 8 2.9 M 20. 0.16 " 9.9 M 18. 0.29 6 4.9 N 2). C.99 6 9.9 M 14. 0.44 9 ft.9 M 19. 0.44 9 7.9 N 12. 0.44 2

• I 18 41 M8 III 8 8 8 8 18 8 118 TIMI UTI8 ABBIVAl IMIHUTttl

Figure 189. P cod« characteristics, Tonga Islands-Fiji Islands, BOZ.

• \v.../\.\ I a s

Tl« -.0 STO or» 08$ 0.0 S 92. IMO 6*

10.0 S 98., «.i« "• 20.0 S 46. 0.27 fr» 90.0 S 44. 0.22 o» 40.0 S 92. 0.20 A» 90.0 S 48. 0.12 6»

1.0 M 40. 0.14 A« 1.9 M 36. 0.21 *• 2.9 * 21. 0.91 * • 9.9 M 27. 0.90 *• 4.9 M 29. 0.29 ^« 9.9 H 27. 0.29 '• 6.9 M 19. 0.18 ?•

■• >• «• •• M t8 8 »8 M8 W8 tIMI »TIB «BBIVA1 IWIM8TISI

Figure 190. P coda characteristics, Tonga Islc.ids-Fiji Islands, CHC. I 129

. -^

i r ?

•tt I ■/—3k hi \ my A k nrty * i v^ ': A ii • \ • •• ••'V *s •

/\ \: v • ••' TINC «vc STO nfy

/ \ 04$ \

• .0 S •4. o.os 10. > 10.0 S 99. 0.20 10. *0.0 $ 49. 0.11 10. 10.0 s 1«. 0.31 10. «0.0 s 32. 0.2« 10. 90.0 S 92. 0.23

B 1.0 H 10. 0.14 t.« H 28. 0.24 2.5 N 29. 0.24 S.9 M 97. 0.24 4.9 H 94. 0.91 9.9 H 27. 0.1« 4.9 N 20. 0.21 T.9 « 14. 0.1C

• • II «I II II »II III Ml Ml Tim «MI« «MIVAI i«i««mi

Figure 191. p coda characteristics, Tonga Islands-Fiji Islands, CMC,

5 I

TIME AVC 0D£ 0.0 S 100. 1.

10.0 S 20.0 S 30.0 S 40.0 S 50.0 S 1.0 M 1.5 M 2.5 M

• • II «• II Ii 111 III Ml TiMl »ma «aarv* (amiTili

Ml

Figure 192. P coda characteristics, Tonga Islands-Fiji Islands, DAL.

130

TINE »VG •n DEV ORS 0.0 S 91. 0.10 *•

10.0 S T«. 0.04 20.0 S 69. 0.18 SO.O S 71. 0.12 40.0 S 6). o.on 90.0 S 97. 0.06

1.0 N 49. 0.19 % m

1.9 N «4. Ü.13 2.9 M 30. 0.14 3« i.9 M 22. CIO i •

•• U M •• •• Ml U.I TIMI «Hfl AimvAl (MINUTft|

Ml Ml

Figure 193. P coda characteristics, Tonga Islands-Fiji Islands, DAV.

II II

TIME 4VG STO DEV 0« 0.0 S 91. 0.28 8

10.0 S 77. 0.12 8 20.0 S 70. 0.18 8 30.0 S 69. 0.23 8 40.0 S 99. 0.20 8 90.0 S 99. 0.22 8. 1.0 M 41. 0.27 8. 1.9 M 39. 0.78 8. 2.9 M

■< 1 r-

42. 0.17 2.

Ml Ml «• M II III IM

TIMI UUn «MIV81 (MINUTItl

Figure 194. PKP cod. characteristics, Tonga Islands-Fiji Islands, 1ST.

131 ——.—.■

>M«A4

Ill

II

1 II

TIME *VC STO OEV OBS 0.0 s 63. 0.34

10.0 s 44. 0.38 20.0 S 68. 0.19 30.0 S 46. 0.23 40.0 S 42. 0.14 90.0 S 31. 0.24

1.0 M 27. 0.26 1.9 M 29. 0.31 2.9 M 18. 0.36

M 41 M.I III I.I 1.8 111 IM TIME AFTER AMIVM IMIiUTEt)

Figure 195. PKP coda characteristics, Vonga Islands-Fiji Islands, KBL.

ill

II

TIME »VG STO DEV OBS 0.0 s 77. 0.16

10.0 s 70. 0.14 20.0 S 0.11 30.0 S 0.11 40.0 S 0.C9 90.0 S 0.12

1.0 M 0.11 1.9 M 0.13 2.9 M 0.09

II II I

II «,J I.I II 111 TIME AfTER ARRIVAL (MIRUTES)

i

111 Ml 111

Figure 196. PKP coda characteristics, Tonga Islands-Fiji Islands, KON.

132

- ii

I

TI« »VG STO OEV HRS 0.0 s *5. C.44

10.0 S 26. 0.27 20.0 S 21. 0.37 90.0 S 35. 0.35 «0.0 S 44. 0.21 90.0 S 54. 0.26

1.0 M «3. C.20 1.5 M 75. 0.13 2.5 M 21. 0.21 3.5 M 16. 0.28

1 1 I 1 I I—

0.0 2.0 4.0 0.0 0.0 10.0 12 0 TIME AFTER AMIVAl (MINUTESI

140 100

Figure 197. PKP coda characteristics, Tonga Islands-Fiji Islands, MAL.

TINE «VG STO OEV 0.0 S 94. 0.06

10.0 S 59. 0.17 20.0 S 69. 0.13 30.0 S 71. 0.13 40.0 S 56. 0.15 50.0 S 54. 0.20

1.0 * 48. 0.22 1.5 M 42. 0.23 2.5 * 22. 0.25 3.5 M 15. 0.29

ORS

•• M «• "« M IM irö i« ioo TIME AFTER ARRIVA1 (MINUTES)

Figure 198. P coda characteristics, Tonga Islands-Fiji Islands, MAT.

133

/ ^

1

TINE AVG STO OEV OBS 0.0 S 98. 0.03 <J.

10.0 S 46. 0.21 t. 20.0 S 38. 0.33 9. 30.0 S 3.?. 0.31 I. «CO S 28. 0.27 9. 90.0 S 30. 0.28 8.

1.0 M 29. 0.28 P. 1.9 M 23. 0.26 7. 2.5 N 16. 0.24 9. 3.9 N 8. 0.22 3.

00 20 40 10 00 III 111 TIM! AFTER ARRIVAL (MIHUTES)

14.1 IIP

Figure 199. P coda characteristics, Tonga Islands-Fiji Islands, MUN.

TINE AVG STO OEV 0 0.0 SIOO.

10.0 S 49.

> 10

20.0 30.0 40.0 90.0

1.0 1.9 2.9

40. 38. 33. 28. 28. 28. 24.

0.00 0.26 0.14 0.21 0.19 0.29 0.13 0.17 0.04

•

I 00 2.1 41 I.I I.I III 120 Ml III

TIME AFTER ARRIVAL (MINUTES)

Figure 200. PKP coda characteristics, Tonga Islands-Fiji Islands, NDI,

134

'nmtmmtmmm

- **

TINE «VC STO CEV o«s 0.0 S 0.07 10.

10.0 S C. 19 9. 20.0 S 0.19 «). 30.0 S 0.25 9. «0.0 s 0.28 9. 90.0 S 0 30 9.

1.0 M 0 27 •« 1.5 M 0.28 fl. 2.5 M 0.39 «. 3.5 M 0.04 2.

«> ■■ II 111 III TIMI AFTER «RRIVAl (MIHUTEt)

Ml 111

r-jgurc 201. P coda characteristics, Tonga Islands-Fiji Islands, SEO.

i' .■

ii

" I # V.' -. • » 'V

10 2.1 41 II II III 12.1 TIME AFTER ARRIVAL (MIHUTES)

M.I

TIME «VG STO CEV 0*S 0.0 S 48. 0.23 P.

10.0 S 48. 0.20 P. 20.0 S 5e. 0.24 H. 30.0 S 49. 0.14 P. 40.0 S 4R. 0.18 8. 50.0 S 44. 0.19 «.

1.0 M 38. 0.23 «. 1.9 M 39, 0.19 1« 2.5 M 43. 0.71 6. 3.5 M 69. 0.26 f. 4.5 •• 60. 0.14 6. 5.5 M 37. 0.16 6. 6.5 M 23. 0.16 1. 7.5 N 17. 0.26 4. R.5 M 15, 0.26 ^. 9.5 M 11. 0.37 ?.

10.5 H 14. 0.31 t« 11.5 M 18. CIO 2. 12.5 M 16. 0.02 2. 13.5 M 10. 0.21 ?. 14.5 M 6. 0.10 ?.

III

Figure 202. PKP coda characteristics, Tonga Islands-Fiji Islands, SMI.

135

10

.'W

TIME «VG STO CEV OHS 0.0 s 9*. 0.06

10.0 s «0. 0.16 20.0 S 42. 0.16 30.0 S 34. 0.16 40.0 S 32. 0.16 90.0 S 30. 0.0

1.0 M 30. 0.10 1.9 M 71. 0.21

00 20 40 140 111

Figure 203.

00 00 III »I TIME kfim MMVAl (MINUTEII

PKP coda characteristics, Tonga Islands-Fiji Islands, WES.

TIME CO S

4vr, STO nsv OP 0.11 A

10.0 S 0.20 4 20.0 S 0.23 4 30.0 S 0.32 4 40.0 S 0.28 4 90.0 S 0.28 4

1.0 M 0.16 4 1.9 M n.m 3 2.9 M C.40 ? 3.9 ■ 0.41 2

I >■ !• «0 00 00 III 120 140 Ml

TIME AFTER A8RIVAI (MINUTES)

Figure 204. PKP coda characteristics, Turkey-Greece, ADE.

136

_AJ

T l»f «vr, Sir Tt-v r.n c 0." s ?>. '.'6

1P.0 I »*« '•.«'. ?r.o «; t)<5. Sal« JC? s 56. '.11 40.0 s ^7. ( .1* ^.o <; 7*.. .".n

1.0 ■ *^. »..?'■ un - 7". ^.^5 ?.5 « ««. r.i« S.9 - ?«. 0.13 *.S M IB. r.f^b 5.5 •• 11. i.«l

«• •• •■• III HI TIMI UTIR AHRIVAl (MIMUTEII

Ml IM

Figure 205. P coda characteristics, Turkey-Greece, AQU.

TIM t avr. STP f^V DP^ 0.0 <; AS« ''."« '•.

If .0 <; '•l". f .»r *. ?r.T s 5«# ''.2? <-, 3r.o s *5. -.11 *, «o.o <; "•. '..19 » , 5r.o s I?« ■r..-" i

1.0 M i'". .14 ^, 1.5 M H, (.11 ''. ?.5 N 1H. C.-7 *, 3.5 M 17. r.u '•• «.5 H I«. '. o s. ".1 u lit I'.U f. 6.S M ft« »•..u y.

91 M M M it «^ ^i i^ 5J TIMI «rilR ARRIVAL (MIRUTESI

Figure 206. P coda characteristics, Turkey-Greece, BOZ. 137

Tl-r ftvr «iTT TV m«;

' »fl S 7'-. ^ , ?S '., U.I t: I«. f 11 '.. 2f." <; 'S»-. '<• v.r 1 M. *•'■*> <.. *'■..•? 5 ?<». r 11 '.. sn.n < ?'». c.^? t,.

l.T M n. ' » e i.,

J.^ •i ?T. • . l' L,

?.■> M 7". r a |4 ''. '."i M I«. •, | o '. . *.^ M 1«. H 15 i

■i.l M «« 0« 1 1 ?.

4.1 II 11 III »I TIMf Af Til «IRIVAl (MIHHTEi)

Ml III

■

Figure 207. P coda characteristics, Turkey-Greece, CHG.

TI«M AV, <;Tr «fv T-*; •".0 <; ^% .^l o.

U .0 S *>•<. '.'I f ,

l*.* <; 51. r.U = , »O.O s <•'. ..71 p.

4'-.0 <; V. -,»« I>,

%r>,i ^ ■>••. '.? • ^ 1.9 u ?fc. '.17 rt. U9 « ?6. r.n o

?.* M ?". r. R ->

^.-i M IS. '.is a#

«.••' M 11. f,.,., 7.

s.s M H. «.I« 7.

ft.«* M 7. • .n "!.. 7.5 M 11. '•.•', '.

I.I 1.1 4.1 I.I I.I III 111 M.I 111 TIME AFTER ARRIVAl (MIMUTE»

Figure 208. P coda characteristics, Turkey-Greece, CMC.

138 i

I a

TIHF AVG STp Pfy 0.0

10.0 20.0 30.0 «0.0 50.0

1.0 1.5 2.5 1.5 *.5 5.5

5T. ft». 50. ♦ 3. 3*. I«. ?H. ?0. ?«». ♦ 5.

■..r<»

0.16 0.24 C.22 C.IT C.?5

0.21 C.37 0."7 0.0

•' ^ "" 3 M ^ Ji Sj «. TIMI «rr» uaivu (iiiinTiii

Figure 209. P coda characteristics, Turkey-Greece, DAL.

P ■ Hi u

I I s


10.0 S 60. 1 20.0 S 50. 1 30.0 S 40. 1 40.0 S 50. 1 SO.O S 60. 1 1.0 M 90. 1 1.5 M 80. 1 2.S M 65. 1 3.S M 100. 1 4.5 M 95. 1. 5.5 M 80. 1. 6.5 M 60. 1. 7.5 M 40. 1.

•• '• M ~~" M IM ni Si «, TIMI AFTII «Mimi iMiiaTin

Figure 210. P coda characteristics, Turkey-Greece, DAV.

139

■ - üi

n«F »vr Sin OFV 0»5 r,'/ s i'. ' »•! 4.

10.o s ?7. 0.»" *. ^o,', s »<i. r.?- *. V'.o < Ma o.rt *. *o.o s «6. n'»rt *• 50.0 < 50. L.''»» *,

1.0 » *6. ".l* *. U1 ■ *?. *.?* *. ?.'» - *T. r,> > 4,

1.5 •• ?T. '.J* ♦. ♦ .5 M I"». r.*» ». 5.5 M «J. 0.«9 '.

•• >• «• •• 11 Ml 111 TIMI unn MIIVAI (iiwtTMi

Ml Ml

Figure 211. P coda characi-ristics, Turkey-Greece, 1ST.

> a

TI-- «vr «TO IFV nos CO S ',.?■, la

10.^ ^ %>* 1, 2r,0 * i.'Z ». ^0.0 ^ :.'* 3. 4r.« 5 r,»<) i. 50,r s (.'2 >a

1.0 " ".lr '. 1.5 « .16 1. ?.5 « f,'R ^. 1.5 ^ f,->f 1

*.« - '.»1 la 5.5 <« %M ?.

II M «I 11 II III III Ml Ml TIMI »TTII 4MIVAI IMIIttTEtl

Figure 212. P coda characteristics, Turkey-Greece, KBL,

140

~-ää

:

11 M M II li in ti.i TIMI MT» MRIVAl IMiaMTII)

I IMF »vr ITC r'v 'I-S G.T « ■^. J.U

10.0 S S<5. r.?«

/>. 20. C s 9P. r.79 V ^c.o ^ ♦ 1. ".21 \*0.'» ! I«*. O.-H /M.o « 79. r.^

_/ 1.0 M J*. f.'-c 1.9 W '3. .16 2.9 * 2'". :..I7 3.^ * I*« ■).!* '.. ••• M 1«. '.n 5.» " !«>. «.-* 6.9 « 1". % * 7.«« " ?•;. .1« ».9 M ?*. •.'* o.s ■ 7". .•i

1«'.9 » 1<». ..it 1,

11.9 M ?*. r.M ?. 12.9 H 17. 0,«| ■»

11.9 «• 11. f .?3 .'-. U.9 M II. '.*« '.

Ml III

Figure 213. P cod« characteristics, Turkey-Greece, KON.

Tl«<f »VC ^T'" rey >m 0.0 S 93. f .77 7

10.T < "«I. "».I» 7 v.o s •!. •'.<• 7 10.0 S ••7. J."9 7 ♦«.O ^ 6-». I.^S 7 90.0 S 97. '.11 7

1.0 - *". CIO 7 1.9 - 9< . .18 7. 2.9 * >0. r-,?' 7, 3.9 - ?.' . •.7* 7. *.9 H 1". f.70 >■. 9.9 « 17. C.29 f, 6.9 * 17. ■>.31 *.

II M «I II II III III Ml III TIMI «Mm AMIVM (MINVTII)

Figure 214. p cod« ch«r«cteri»tics, Turkey-Greece, MAL.

141

.*!

I 2

% \ iJX '■

''' '• N. ■V\!'

\ ^ A *x \ ' A X

\/ V ̂ y \

V TTMJ •Vi STr C6W r.o S r.?o

10.0 ^ r.i? ?o.o ^ r>.i* JO.O < «.ti *r,o s «.■-•i so.« s «.C) 1." ■4 0.1* U1 M

O.i? ?.5 H

i.^ M 0.^2 *,•> w 0. V 5.S M jr 0.0'

■■ 1> «• •• II Ml III TIHI MTii MMVAl (MIRUTf t|

141 III

Figure 215. p cod« characteristics, Turkey-Greece, MAT.

■ TIME AVG 0.0 S 100.

10.0 S 70. 20.0 S 70. 30.0 S 90. 40.0 S 60. SO.O S 100. 1.0 M 80. l.S M 70. 2.S M 50.

OBS

142P

II 21 4 1 II II Ml Ml TiHi «Tit aMWAi Miaumi

Ml Ml

igure 216. PKP coda characteristics, Turkay-Greec«, MUN.

TI«tf •vr. ITO OfV 10«

C^ ^ »•>. r.u n.o <i "-. .17 70,« S 61. ,.7'. 1".0 S *«. '.I» ♦".'J S «1. r.tA ^.O S IP. '.76

1.0 - 3?. :.7i t.«* " ". '.7? ■ #

7.< « ti. .76 «•1 M 17. 0.74 1 «.S » «». r,»T t.

».S n 17. 1 .7S T. 6.S M 11. r,.-.q % ?,« a 11. '.n » ,

\e.s •• 1, r.3* ?.

H 21 41 Mt Ml •■ •• III Ul

Tim Arm AMIVAI iMINUTiSI Figure 217. P coda characteristics, Turkey-Greece, NDI.

2

X

TI* - IV« STC fpy Ml 0.0 Ma ".n

10.T T6. %!• ?'-.') TT. r.j<» '• 50.0 ♦■. r.U Ml.T 17. ..'O SO.') *'". -,-'7

1.1 M« .1* * • u« 7«. -.n *>* 7.5 ?i. 0.1S T.S ?s. 0.12 r m

" " «• •• U «• tt • St ,„ TIMI «Mil ••■IVM IMINUTIt)

Figure 218. P coda characteristics, Turkey-Greece, SEO. 143

i

I T!«f »VC <T0 ^FV W%

'*• ' ' l*sM

• '..4 » ' .'*» . f .1* . r.n . .11 . ".i* . P.i?

o.r . '..?c . '.2«» , r# i«.

. .t"

. •).?▼ p.i«

» o,',^ » <■.'?

r.io . ''.'T

Ml HI «I •■ M «I III Tim «TII •■II««( iMiaiTiii

Figure 219. P coda characteristics, Turkey-Greece, SHI.

T|«K tvr. STO r^v »•» 0,0 ^ r.i<. T

KO ^ *..V 7 it.n «; .1« 7 »P,0 < .17 » *f.O ^ %|i T «o.c s '.'7 7 !.'■ ■ • .»1 7 Ut - .11 7 >.5 N ' .1« 6 ■*.* - < .2». 1 *.s - ".M P

144 41 II II Ml III

TIMI Ann anaivai (MWITIII Ml Ml

Figure 220. P coda characteristics, Turkey-Greece, WES.

^

TIME AVG 0.0 S 100.

10.0 S 75. 20.0 S 60. 30.0 S 45. 40.0 S 65. 50.0 S 70. 1.0 M 60. 1.5 N 55. 2.5 M 40.

OBS

III 4» M II Ml til Ml

TIMI MT» Mnmi (MIMTII)

Figure 221. P coda characteristic», Iran-Turkey, ADE.

u m I I

2


10.0 S 35. 20.0 S 70. 30.0 S 100. 40.0 S 35. 50.0 S 45. 1.0 M 40. 1.5 M 60. 2.5 M 30.

■

•• M •• •• M Ml in "MT" «TI TIMI An» «MMIVAl IHIIlUTISl

Figure 222. PIP coda characteristics, Iran-Turkey, ADE. 145

i

«^

TtNE Avr, STo npv ORS 0.0 S 0.05

10.0 s ".03 ?P.O s 0.0« 30.0 S 0.''5 *ü.O S Ü.C7 50.0 S 0.17 l.n M C.'A l.S M ".zr ?.5 M r.i? 3.5 M 5.?l

IM III <• M I.I III »I TIME AfTtM ARIIIVAl (MINUTES)

Figure 223. P coda characteristics, Iran-Turkey, AQU.

TINE «vr. STO DEV fms 0.0 S 63. 0,17

H .0 S «7. n.07 2C.0 S "7, 0.11 3C.0 S ft«. r.io *0.0 S 3P. O.-q 50.r« «; 3«». O.ld

1.0 M 37. 0.1? 1.5 M ^. ".?' 2.5 M ?7. r.io 3.5 M II« ".2? ♦ .5 - ?1. 0.17 5.S M n« 0.1?

146 • • M «I II I.I Ml 111

TIME «ETER AIHIVAl (MINHTEII 14 1 III

Figure 224. P coda characteristics, Iran-Turkey, BOZ,

I TT*F «vr. ITO OFV oos 0.0 S 8?. 0.18 •i.

in.o s 80. 0.07 5, 20.0 S 76. 0.12 5. 30.0 S 5«». 0.13 S, *0.0 S *C. 0.16 s. so.o s 3«». «.'■p 1, 1.0 M 31. O.io *. I.S M V. ".i; ^. 2.5 M 23. O.lt ^p

J.S M 1*. 0.21 ,^. 4.5 M 11. 0.21 '•.

Ml tit •• ■> «I III TIW *fTil «MIVA1 (MIMUTEt)

Figure 225. P coda characteristics, Iran-Turkey, CHG.

TIHF »vr, ^rr HFV OflS «^.O s 5«». r.2o

K'.O s 68. O.CA 20.0 S 77. U.18 30.0 S 68. O.U «0.0 s «3. ".2«; 50.0 S 41. ".18

1.0 * 35. ^.32 1.5 M 31. r'.?3 2.5 N 25. ^.23 3.5 *( 29. 0.17 *.5 M 17. C.20 5.5 M 12. r.07 6.5 M 9. 0.12 7.5 M 8. ^.•"O

tl M « •• M III in TIMI AFTER MRIVAl IMIHUTEI)

HI III

Figure 226. P coda characteristics, Iran-Turkey, CMC.

Figure 227. No observations, Iran-Turkey, DAL.

147

—*d

IM Tl 0.

10. ?0. 30. *C. SO.

1. 1.

MF »VG STn flEV OBS S 72. S 93, s r«. s os. S 93. S «P. " 78. M <)5.

2.5 <* ^S.

0.11 2. r.C6 2. 0.C2 7. o.r3 • . ».02 7. o.r2 ?. o.02 7. ';.n3 ?.. o.cs ?.

00 II 40 1.1 1.1 HO 120

TIME «FTER «HHIVAl (MINUTtS) 140 11.0

Figure 228. P coda characteristics, Iran-Turkey, DAV,

I 2

TIMF «VG srr npv 0.0 S 0.17

10.0 s 0.1* 20.0 s 0.12 30.0 «; C.15 *n.o s r.2? 50.0 s n.17

1.0 M P.23 1.3 M C.17 7.5 N C,15 3.5 M 0.33 4. 5 M r.3i 5.5 M 0.37 6.5 M 1^. r.?*

1-t ' ^ i i r- 00 10 40 00 01 110 110 140 10 0

TIMF AFTEO AMIVAl IMINUTIII

148 Fi8ure 229« p coda characteristics, Iran-Turkey, IST.

i

TI«iP Avr, STO npv Od 0.3 S hf>. n.?^ •>

10.0 S 6«. 0.(7 5 20,0 f 7S, r.n -s 10.0 S 71. run 5 *0.0 S <S1. C.17 5 so.o s *6. n.l* 5

1.0 K ♦1. O.MR S 1.5 M «P. 0.17 « ?.•> •« 3«. fi.If 4 1.S H »1. P.J« » 4.S H ?7. 0.?« 1 •5,5 N 1A., n.17 6.S M 1*. r.n i. 7.5 M 26. c.n 3. fl.5 M

i 1 .

2ft. o.io ?,

HO III M M «* •• •• III I2|

Tmi AFTER AMRIVAl (MIMUTfl)

Figure 230. P coda characteristics, Iran-Turkey, KBL.

• I/; \ \ •

-'-•.—-v

TIME AVG STf) CFV r)n c

0.0 s 40, 0,M f. 10.0 s 65. 0,16 ^. 20.3 S 6ft. "..70 ft. ?P.O S 59. o.lS ^, 40.0 S 63. 0.17 «■.

50.0 S 61. 0.17 '. 1.0 M 49. 0.^0 ft. 1.5 M 70. O.^ ft. 2.5 m 47. 0,13 ft. 3.5 M 17. 0.70 ft. 4.5 M 29. 0.19 ft. 5.5 N 34, 0.12 s. 6.5 w 33, o.H 5, 7.5 M 40, ^.?» 4. 8.5 H 41. n.?'. <.. 9.5 - 35, c.lq <..

10.5 M 2P, C.lft ?. 11.5 M 21, 0.17 «• 12.5 «" 2f, Ö.Ö* ?. 13.5 M 24, 0.(71 ?. 14.5 " 27, ü.O' 7. 15.5 * 28, fl.&q 7.

I • ■ 2.1 41 I.I I.I »I HI

TIMI AFTtft A8HIVAI (MINUTIS) 14.1 III

Figure 231. P coda characteristics, Iran-Turkey, KON. 143

:

00 za

TINF »vr srn PFV nn 0.0 S 73. n.?7 *

10.0 S 73. 0.19 t 20,0 S 53. O.H ft 30.0 S «5. «.15 6 **.0 S 3«. C.23 S 50.0 S ?<». 0.25 4

1.0 " ?7. 0.2« 3 1.5 H ?1. 0.20 ? 2.5 M 15. con •>, 3.5 m 10. 0.01 3 A.5- R 8. O.ll 3.

148 III 41 •• M in IM

TIMf Am» AMRIVAl (MIMUTEI)

Figure 232. P coda characteristics, Iran-Turkey, MAL.

TIMF »VG STT OFV n<»s 0.0 S <iq. 5.01 ?.

lo.o sir«. CO ?. 20.0 s ft«;. U.IU ?. 3C.0 S ftS. 0.16 ?. 40.1 «; A8. C2fl ?. 50.0 S 41« 0.16 ?.

10 " «• •• M III in MJ w:i TIMt «FT» «MIVAl (MINUTit)

Figure 233. P coda characteristics, Iran-Turkey, MAT.

ISO /

I

1

f, ir 1 I"-..

II

TM ; »vr, STC PFV DRS 0.0 "; 0.^0

10.0 s O.CT ?c.o s 0.1« 10.0 s 0.15 «n.o s c.u 50,0 s 5A. r>.n?

1.0 M 60. <-.ir 1.1 M S5. 0.06

00 20 4.1 I.I I.I III III TIMi AFTER ARIIIVAl (MINUTES)

Ml ISO

Figure 234. P coda characteristics, Iran-Turkey, MUM.

Til«: *VG STO OFV n^s 0.0 s fc". ".It '•

ir.o <; fr?. r.22 ?0.0 s ■2. 0.^9 ' • 30.0 s AC. O.07 40.0 S 57. C.13 50.0 S 41. 0.23 '•

1.0 M '?. 0.17 '• 1.5 N 3«». ".15 ' • 2.9 " 20. 0.73 '• 3.5 M 1". 0.?fl 4.5 M 17. '-'.20 *" • 5.5 M 16. 1.10 ^m 6.5 M n. O.r*, 7.S P 16. 0.0? 1 • 8.5 n 1C. 0.0*

:«>.5 M A. 0.04 c •

II 2.1 III M SO II (00 111 140 TIME AFTER ARRIVAL (MINUTES)

Figure 235. P coda characteristics, Iran-Turkey, NDI.

ist

TIME *VG sin t)Fv OR«; 0.0 S 67. 0.18

10.0 S 76. 0.21 20.0 S 6R. 0.17 »0.0 S 42. CIO 40.0 S IS. 0.1S 50.0 S 2<>. 0.17

1.0 m 27. 0.20 1.9 M 21. O.lfl 2.5 M 19. r.2i 3.5 * 17. 0.37 ?•

00 2t Ml »I *• M •• III III TIMt «FTIft «IRIVAl (MIHUTEt)

Figure 236. P coda characteristics, Iran-Turkey, SEO.

i 2

i-*- •' M «• •• M III IM MI "^,

TIME AFTER AMIVA1 (MINUTES)

Figure 237. P coda characteristics, Iran-Turkev SHI

152

TI«F »vr. STC OFV no«; 0.0 S 23. 0.40 5.

10.0 S 3ft. 0.19 •:. 20.0 S 41. 0.77 1« 10.0 S 63. 0.18 '>. *0.0 S 76. 0.07 s. 90.0 S 60. 0.15 •:. 1.0 m 51. CM *. 1.9 R M. C06 t. 2.9 ¥ 7R. 0.11 ■•. 3.9 " 60. 0.17 ». 4.9 M 50. 0.17 «• 9.9 M 40. 0.3.' 9, 6.9 M 47. ".41 4. 7,9 M 34. 0.41 *. ft.9 M 4C. C.3P ^. 9.9 •« 39. C7R '.

10.9 * 27. 0.77 c 11.9 •« 72. 0.3C 3. 12.9 M 23. 0.19 7. 13.9 M 77. 0.12 7. 14.9 M 22. 0.C7 7. 19.9 M 18. 0.02 7.

-^

TIME «vr. %ri rpy 'IPS 0.0 s «J^. r.CB 10.0 s 5«>. Cin 20.0 S 61. 0.16 30.0 S «7. 0.21 ♦0.0 S 1«. 0.?« 90.0 S «1« 0.?3 1.0 M «H. 0.15 l.S M 57. C.l«? 2.5 M ♦ 5. C.27 3.5 M 41. c.n ♦ .5 H 37, 0.31 5.5 M 36. c.?i

yÖ.S M 2«. C-q < •

■

•• 100 in TIMI AFTER AMmi (MINUTES)

Figure 238. P coda characteristics. Iran-Turkey. WES.

TIME 4VR STn ncv ORS 0.« S *o. 0.41 4. 10,0 S 57. o.?i <.. 20.0 S 7<). 0.21 4. 10.0 S 5?. 0.16 4. «0.0 S «C. 0,21 4. 50.0 S 37. 0.10 4. 1.0 M ♦?, 0.1? 4. 1.5 M «?. c,c« 4. 2.5 M 35. 0.11 1, 3.5 M 39. 0.03 ?.

M ,B M •• •• wo 120 wo-iro TIME AFTER ARRIVAL (MINUTES)

Figure 239. P coda characteristics. Tadzhik-Hi ndu Kush, ADE.

153

T|«»f *V& STO HEW nis CO s «I. C.12 3.

10.0 s 77. O.U 3. 20.0 S 6<». C.13 3. 50.0 ' 7". C.Cfc 3, «0.0 S o?. 0.11 3. 50.0 S 77, 0.12 3.

1.0 " 7C. 0.11 3. 1.5 H ft2. r.is 3, 2.? N 53. 0.3« 2. 3i9 ■ «2. C.«5 2.

II II III 121 Ml 111 TIMI AFTIR AMRIVAl (MINUTES)

Figure 240. P coda characteristics, Tadzhik-Hindu Kush, AQU.

10

'oo 70

Tt«»E «VG STO TFV n«s 0.0 S P2. C.16

10.0 S 66. 0.1« 20.0 S 52. 0.15 30.0 S ««. C.16 «0.0 S 3«. 0.21 50.0 S «1. 0.25

1.0 M 56. C.C9 1.5 M 5«. 0.21 2.5 1 «6. a.i" 3.5 M 55. C.2t «.5 N 90. 0.07 5.5 N 55. C.06

140 III 41 II II III 111 TIME AFTER ARRIVAL (MINUTE!)

Figure 241. P coda characteristics, Tadzhik-Hindu Kush, BOZ.

154

I TINE «vc srr OEV no«; 0.0 s «T. 0.02

10.0 s 75. C.I6 20.0 S 73. 0.13 ^« 30.0 S 49 0.07 *0.0 s 5«». 0.12 w.o s 65. 0.06

1.0 - 6C. 0.10 3 • l.i M 66. O.rj ?.5 »< *C. 0.15 ?• 3.5 M 21, 0.2« < •

20 141 til «• 10 II III »I TIME AFTER AMIVAl (MIMUTES)

Figure 242. P coda characteristics, Tadzhik-Hindu Kush, CHG.

TINE •VC STr npv DRS 0.0 S100. O.P

10.0 S 63. ecu 20.0 S 49. C.20 30.0 S 46. 0.16 *C.O S 38. 0.21 50.0 S 42. 0.22

1.0 M 31. 0.13 1.5 D 2fi. CM? 2.5 M 22. 0.15 3.5 M 2*. 0.52 4.5 M 19, 0.31 5,5 M 13. 0.44

00 " «» 11 II III »0 14.1 III TIME AfHK «NRIVAl (MINUTES)

Figure 243. P coda characteristics, Tadzhik-Hindu Kush, CMC.

155 i

- ^

•• >• «■ M •■ W.I 111 TIMI AFTER AlliVAl (MiNUTtS)

/ TIME AVC / 0.0 S 17. / 10.0 S 9. / 20.0 S 9. r 30.0 s 10.

40.0 S 10. 50.0 S 7. 1.0 M 9. 1.5 M 12. 2.S M 7. 3.5 M 24. 4.5 N 100. S.5.M 42. 6.5 M 45. 7.5 M 24. 8.5 M 19. 9.5 M 15.

10.5 M 20. 11.5 M 12. 12.5 M 17. 13.5 M 35. 14.5 M 22. IS.5 M 60.

14 1 III

Figure 244. P coda characteristics, Tadzhik-Hindu Kush, DAL.

TIME AVC OBS 0.0 S 50. 1.

10.0 S IJO. 1. 20.0 P 45. 1. 30.0 S 55. 1. 40.Ü S 42. 1. bO.O S 35. 1. 1.0 M 95. 1. 1.5 M 85. 1. 2.5 M 40. 1.

I II M 41 || || Hl IM m in

TIME *f III AMIVAl (WINUTEt)

Figure 245. PKP coda characteristics, Tadzhik-Hindu Kush, DAL.

156

-« «J

i

• • 21

TI*F «vr. srn r?v o« CO S O.U 6

10.0 « 0.04 6 20.0 S O.U ft 10.0 S 0.14 6 *0.0 s C.?T (, ^0.0 $ 0.21 (

1.0 •• 0*14 6 1.9 * ".!« 5 ?.5 •< 0.04 ? i.5 « CO 1 *.S " 0.'' ?

Ml It! «• •■ II Ml III TIMi «MIR «RmvAi (MIlUTIt)

Figure 246. P coda characteristics, Tad:hik-Mindu Kush, DAV.

Ml IM Ml III TIMI «FTII MRIVAl (MIMUUSl

Figure 247. P coda characteristics, Tadzhik-Hindu Kush, 1ST.

157

TIME «V6 STO DTV 0«S 0.0 S 27. 0.12

10.0 S 69. 0.09 20.0 S 64. 0.06 30.0 S 76. 0.01 60.0 S 7|. 0.09 90.0 S 72. 0.09

1.0 "ire. 0.0 1.5 N 87. 0.07 2.9 M 68. 0.23 9.9 " 69. 0.66 6.9 H 27.. 0.39 9.9 m »7, 0.29

• • 11 «8 10 8 8 18 8 U8 TIMt *» £« 6R8IV61 IMIHUTIli

18 8

Figure 248. P coda characteristics, Tadzhik-Hindu Kush, KBL,

TlXf »VC SIC 0I¥ 0«S 0.0 S 70. 0.23

10.0 s 0.26 20.0 S 0.26 30.0 S 0.20 60.0 S 0.23 90.0 S C.?6

1.0 * 0.22 1.9 •• 0.29 2.9 R C.18 1.9 * 0.C8 6.9 f 0.11 9.9 »« e.07

4 8 8 8 8 8 M8 118 TIMI Uli* MRIV61 (MtMUTItl

188

Figure 249. P coda characteristics, Tadzhik-Hindu Kssh, KON.

158

■

TIKI «VC STO ocv m IS 0.0 S «2. 0.16 10.0 S 61. 0.1« I 20.0 S 60. 0.14 90.0 S 94. 0.1« ♦0.0 S 37. 0.22 M.O S 44, 0.11 1.0 M 40. 0.11 1 • 1.9 M 49. 0.20 1 2.9 M 22. C.21 ( 9.9 H 19. 0.22 • 4.9 M 11. 0.1« 3 9.9 M «. 0.24 i •

\ *.9 " 5. 0,01 i •

M M •• •• M »• iii iij wi TIMI «HfR «MIV41 IMIHUTfti

Figure 2S0. P coda ch.r.cleri.tics, Tadzhlk-Hindu Ku.h, MAL.

I a I

it

TIKE 6V6 STO OEV OAS 0.0 S 91. 0.10 10.0 S 96. 0.24 20.0 S 62. 0.19 90.0 S 46. 0.2T 40.0 S 41. 0.24 90.0 9 41. 0.24 1.0 M 49. 0.11 ♦• 1.9 M 40. CO! ^« 2.9 m 21. 0.17 ?•

21 i

II ** •• •• Ml 121 TIMI Aril* AMIV41 (»IMTIII

Ml Ml

Figure 2S1. P coda characteristic!, Tadihik-Hindu Kush, MAT.

159 I

TI« »VG JTC oev o«$ 0.0 S 0.03 6.

10.0 S 0.?6 «. 20.0 S 0.2O 6. 30.0 S 0.34 9. 40.0 S 0.29 4. «0.0 S 0.23 4.

1.0 M CW 3. t.« M 0.14 3. J.5 •• 0.14 2. 3.9 •• 0.23 2. 4.9 M 0.29 2.

■ • 21 41 II II 111 HI TIHI »»TM «MIVAl (MIMT SI

U. Ml

Figure 252. P coda characteristics, Tad.hik-Hindu Kush, MUM,

T I"f *VC STC PFW 0.0 s 0.41

10.0 s 0.3« 20.0 S C.26 30.0 $ 0.29 40.0 S C.l» 90.0 S 0.20

1.0 M 0.29 1.9 N 0.13 2.9 * 0.09 3.9 »• 0.24 4.9 « 0.33 9.9 * 0.24 6.9 M 0.21

1

II 4 1 I' II 111 HI Ml TiUI AMIR «aaiVAl IMIHTII)

«II

Figure 253. P coda characteristics, Tadzhik-Hindu Kush, NDI.

160

sd

TIME *wc $T0 -«V 0l| 0.0 S 92. (.11 M

10.0 S 99. 0.29 • 20.0 S 4«». C.19 8 30.0 S 3«». 0.1« a «0.0 S 3R. O.U T 90.0 S 79. 0.13 7

1.0 M 39. C.22 7, 1.9 M 39. 0.14 6. 2.9 M 29. 0.22 9, 3.9 M 1*. 0.22 9, 4.9 M 19. 0.21 2. 9.9 M IT. 0.37 2. 6.9 M 11. 0.19 2, 7.9 M 6. CIO 2.

21 M II it iM „, ^f TU» unn M»mi IMIRHTIII

III

Figure 2S4. P cod. ch.r.ct.ristic. T.dzhlk-Hindu ICush. SEO.

TIMF »vc STO nrv on 0.0 S 7S. 0.13 9

10.0 S •6. O.C« 9 20.0 S 7B. 0.10 9 30.0 S •9. 0.C9 9 40.0 S 71. 0.10 9, 90.0 $ 97. 0.21 9,

1.0 M 91. 0.21 9. 1.9 M 94. 0.24 *, 2.9 M 37. 0.32 4. 3.9 M 3«. 0.14 3. 4.9 M 43. 0.04 2. 9.9 n 23, 0.2« 2. 6.9 m 14 0.07 2. 7.9 ■ 11. C.23 2.

,,• M «• """ " Zi Ji Zi 5, TIHI «mi AMIV/U iMIHUTil)

Figure 255. P cod. ch.r.cteri.tic, T.d4hik-Hindu Ku.h. SHI.

161

- a

3

it

TI*E »wc STO OEV ons c.o sioo. 0.0

10.0 S 64. 0.09 20.0 S 60. c.n 10.0 S «9. 0.16 40.0 S 90. 0.32 90.0 S 19. 0.27

1.0 M *B. 0.03 1.9 H 19. 0.10

»• <• U II III |2| TIMI AFTER «RRIV«l IMIMUTIt)

Ml III

Figure 256. P coda characteristics, Tadzhik-Hindu Kush, WES.

2 I

TIME MC STO DIM Mi 0.0 S 61. 0.27 12.

ICO S 77. 0.16 12. 20.0 S 95* C2i_ —12- 10.0 S 31. 0.23 12. *r.o s 2«. n.io 12. 90.0 S 29. C.23 - 12*

1.0 P 29. C?2 12. 1.9 - 21. C.23 12. 2.9 - 19, C.2* li. 1.9 M 14. 0.29 •• ♦ .9 - 12. C.17 6. 9.9 * 19. fi.21 2. 6.9 •» 12. C.U 2.

II «I II II III III Ml TIMI »fTIR «RRIVAl (MIHUTfl|

III

Figure 257. P coda characteristics, China-Nepal-Burma, ADE.

162 i

- ^

I

IIHF AVC srn nw n«^ 0.0 SIOO. CO 3. 10.0 S «A. 0.04 3. 2C.0 S 90. -Q*2Q . 3^ 30.0 S SI. C.23 1. 40.0 S 28. 0.1P 1.

1.0 M ?*. C.20 3. 1.5 •» ?*. 0.13 1. 2.5 * 24. r.26 3- 3.5 •» 13. 0.20 3. 4.5 •• 10. 0.'6 3.

" M <• M 11 m »• Tim Arna «MIVAI (MINUTCSI

MI nt

Figure 258. P coda characteristics, China-Nepal-Burma, AQU.

•• <* «• •• •• Ml III Ml Ml TIMI «FTia AMIVAl (MlMUTIII

Figure 2S9. P coda characteristics, China-Nepal-Burma, BOZ.

163

^

►-

2

•• M «• M it m Hi TIMI «fTIR «KRIVAl (MINUTES)

T1««E «vc STC DE.V QBS 0.0 S 60. 0.2?

10.0 S fc". 0.23 tt.4 S oc. c.:3 10.0 s 73. 0.03 .0.0 s 61. 0.10

■»CO s 51. 0*J^ -4. 1.0 M 53. o.^<> Ul •• 5<>. B< I« 2.5 H 3-;, p.n 5.9 M 51. c.?o

HI III

Figure 260. p coda characteristics, China-Nepal-Burma, CHG.

TIME *VG STD-Q£y QBS 0.0 s <n. 0.?<» fl.

10.0 S 56. 0.29 s. 2C.0 S «6. 0.17 J» 30.0 S 30. 0.17 1. «0.0 S 25. 0.20 ■. 50.0 S 25. 0.15 e.

1.0 M 22. c.ia R. 1.5 N 24. i>.20 ■• 2.5 N 17. 0.17 I« 3.5 w 13. 0.12 5. ♦ ,5 N o. 0.17 •i. 5.5 N 8 0.17 4. 6.5 N f'. 0.22 *. 7,5 M ft. r,?C ■'.

1 II 21 «I II II III III Ml III

TIMI *fTIN AMIVAl (MIHUTltl

Figure 261. P coda characteristics, China-Nepal-Burwa, CMC.

164 .—

•

IM-

IO TIME AVG OBS 0.0 S 100. 1.

10.0 S 23. 1. 20.0 S 14. 1. 30.0 S 16. 1. 40.0 S 30. 1. 50.0 S 17. 1. 1.0 M 13, 1.

>> M «I •• II 11.1 121 TIMI «FTIR AMIVAl (MIMUTfl)

141 III

Iigure 262. PKP coda characteristics, China-Nepal-Burma, DAL.

TME AVG STD DEV nas 0.0 5 0.21 *. 10,0 S 0.17 S, 20.0 S 0*11 5« 30.0 S 0.13 5. *0.0 S o.m 5. 50.0 S 0.19 _ 5. 1,0 ■ 0.21 *. 1.5 H C.27 *. 2.5 " 0.27 3, 3.5 N 0.30 3. 4.5 M 0.21 2.

•» " *• tl II tu Ul Ml 111 TIMI MU» AiRIVAl IMIMUTItl

Figure 263. P cod« characteristics, China-Nepal-Burma, DAV.

165 i

-^

TIME AVG STü_fi£»L Q&5 0.3 S 90. 0.10 <».

10.0 1 94. 0.20 o. 20*0 S_45. 0.20 9. 10.0 S 48. 0.28 9. 4P.0 S 38, 0.32 9. 50.0 S 31. o.afl.-_ -5*

1.0 M 33. ?.25 9. 1.5 M 30. 0.23 9. 2*5 N^iU. 0.30 n. 3.5 M 17. 0.31 6. 4.5 N 14. 0.34 4.

40 10 10 100 11.0 TIMt «FTfN ARRIVAL (MINUTES)

MS 101

Figure 264. P coda characteristics, China-Nepal-Burna, 1ST.

TIME AVG STn nfw nn*. 0.0 S 49, 0.28 <

10.0 S 65. r.14 > 20.0 S 79. o.ia < 30.0 S 5C. 0.21 < 40.0 S 42. 0.26 t 30.0 S 35. 0.20 * k.

1.0 * 25. 0.26 < 1.5 n 23. 0.31 ' 2.5 N 17. C.^7 < 3.5 M 14. 0.62 t 4.5 N 19. 0.32 < 5.5 n 1U 0-43 4 i. 4.5 M 6. 0.57 ; .

•> !■ «0 0 0 0 0 ISO 12 0 TIMI A'TIR ARRIVA1 (MINU; Si

I4S ISO

Figure 265. P coda characteristics, Chlna-Nepal-Burma, KBL.

166

!

JMB A*G—«iTn new n»<

10

0.0 10.0 20.Q 30.0 40.0 50.0 S

1.0 M 1.5 H 2.5 a 3.5 H 4.5 M Ä.5 »L 6.5 M 7.5 M

97. 74. 58. 62. 51. SI. 44. 46. 41.. 31. 23. 23. 23. 1«».

0.04 0.15 C. 0.23 0.2S fl.23

ft.

6. 6.

0.12 0.12

0.21 0.18

o.c« 0.12

6. 6.

6.

4.

>0 2* «• 10 ■• 111 111 TIME AFTER AMIVAi IMIHUTEI)

140 110

Figure 266. P coda characteristics, China-Nepal-Burma, KON.

UME AWG SID OFtf nn«: 0.0 S 7R. 0.10

in.o S 78. 0.09 20.0 S 78. _ 0.15 30.0 S 63. 0.15 40.0 S 64. 0.13 50.0 i 40. 0-25

1.0 M 4«». 0.08 1.5 M 1,0, 0.13 2*l-Ä 2S* Ü.26 3.5 «» 32. 0.25 4.5 M 21. 0.30

-i»i H 19. 0.1? 6.5 M 14,, C.16

•• M «• •• 18 188 118 M8 18 8 TIME AFTI* AimiVAl (MINUTES)

Figure 267. p coda characteristics, China-Nepal-Burma, MAL.

167

2t

TIME avG STO CEV nis 0.0 S 81. o.ra

10.0 S 66. 0.16 20.0 S SO. 0.17 30.0 S 5C. 0.23 ♦0.0 S **. 0,19

_50*a s 36. 0.«2 3. 1.0 M 36. 0.35 l.l M M. O.C«

-2.5 I 14. C.ii 3.9 M 27. 0.26 4.5 M U. C.2R f • 5.5 n 25. Q.3Q 2i 6.5 H 1«. 0.1« ?«

141 III *• M M in in TIME «FT» AMIVAL (MIMUTf Si

Figure 268. P coda characteristics, China-Nepal-Burraa, MAT.

TIME AVC sro rtv n»s 0.0 S 72. CIO

10.0 S 71. 0.26 2C.0 S 35. 0.19 30.0 S It, 0.22 *0.0 1 32. 0.19 90.0 S 22. C.19

1.0 n 20. r.i« 1.5 ¥ 18. ■■^.u 2.5 M ift. c.i« 3.5 M 11. 0.19 * •

•i Ti 7i ?i—5- ":r' HI 121 MI in TIME AHM AMivAl (MIMMTEII

Figure 269. P coda characteristics, China-Nepal-Burna. MUN

Us I

«I I.I II III »I TIMf AfTI* «NRIVAl (MIHUTfl)

TIME AVG STD TFV ans 0.0 S 71. e.i9 9.

10.0 S 76. 0.17 S. 2aji ± 94. o.oe 5. 30.0 S 77. 0.12 s. 40.0 S 63. 0.14 9, 511.0 S 62. _ fl.l4_ 5.

1.0 M 94. 0.12 9. 1.9 M 39. C.25 s« 2.5 H 29, 0.42 4. 3.9 M 39, 0.46 4. 4.9 M 30. 0.34 4. 5.9 H 1«. _ 0.14 - 3. »•9 M 16. o.-u ?. 7,9 N 15. 0.37 ^. a.5.H 18. 0.21 3. 9.9 N 12, 0.23 3,

lt.9 M 9, 0.09 % ii*a a. l-_ -Q.aa_ 2. 12.9 M 8. 0.04 ?. n.5 •< 5. n.C7 2.

14.1 III

Figure 270. P coda characteristics, Chlna-Nepal-Burma, NDI.

-TINE JIVG srn ntv n«« 0.0 S 90.

10.0 S 61. 20.0-1 .51.

0.02 3. 0.09 3. 0.13 3.

90.0 S 69. 40.0 S 73. SO.D S 52.

0,17 9. 0,?0 9, 0.07 3.

1.0 * 91. 1.9 M 46. 2.3 f ||a 3.9 M 29. 4.9 M |9.

0.29 3. C.13 3, 0.17 3. 0,20 3, 0,19 3,

•• " «• n n in iri MJ iai riHi «rim ARRIVAI (MIMUTISI

Figure 271. P coda characteristics, China-Nepal-Burwa, SEO.

169 i

/i \ TINF «vr. \ 0.0 S 67,

«TO orw n«s •■'■/ c.n ■«

'••■' / \ 10,0 S 86, CIO «,

-^ / \ 20.0 S Ifl. c.u n. y 30.0 S «0. 0.13 8.

\/ % «0.0 S 60. 0.19 C. .IflUfl S_14^ o.i2 a.

1.0 •• 6«. 0.19 a. 1.9 M 46. 0.1« 8.

i •2.S N 39. o.i2 a. \ 3.f N 22. 0.17 1.

i 4.9 « 19. 0.16 «. lal ■ U. 0.27 A. 6.9 M 21. 0.22 6. 7.9 M 16, 0.14 6. a.9 n ii. -0*23 5« 9.9 M 8. 0.14 3.

10,9 M 11, 0.19 2.

II II III III TIME MTER ARRIVAL (MIHUTft)

Ml III

Figure 272. P coda characteristics, China-Nepal-Burma, SHI.

2

2

F\

TIME AVG OBS 0.0 S 100. 1.

10.0 S 45. 1. 20.0 S 55. 1. 30.0 S 60. 1. 40.0 S 50. 1. 50.0 S 50. 1. 1.0 M 60. 1. 1.5 M 40. 1.

II 21 41 II || »I HI |«| in TIME AMIR «RRIVAl IMIRUIIII

Figure 273. PKP coda characteristics, China-Nepal-Bunna, WES.

170

>Cs A

TI«<F *VG STO Of» ns« 0,0 s 0.22 10'.

10.0 s C.20 1C3. ?0.0 s 0.1« 1C3. lO.n s C.17 1C3. «0.0 s 0.14 1C3. 50.0 s 49* { 0.20 102.

* 0.20 101. M CIS 100. M 0.22 M 0.24 M C 22 M 0.29 M 0.27 M 0.24 M .0.2« M 0.27 M 0.2" M 0.29 H 0.31 M C.39 M 0.29 M 0.23

41 M I.I III III TIMI AFTII «MIVA1 (MIMUTEII

141 III

Figure 274. Coda characteristics, worldwide events, 208 to 45°.

■v ,K r% \ ■Ml ' * . r*%

I 3

fa- JF wi, v N N

TIME «vn STO CEV OBS 0.0 S 70. 0.30 83.

10.0 S 56. 0.24 83. 20.0 s 60. 0.29 83. 30.0 s 52. 0.23 83. 40.0 s 47. 0.23 83. 90.0 s 43. 0.22 S3.

1.0 M 39. 0.22 83. 1.5 M 36. 0.22 82. 2.5 M 25. 0.26 79. 3.5 M I*. 0.27 77. *.5 M 15. 0.2« 68. 5.5 M 13. 0.27 98. 6.5 M 12. 0.2« 90. 7.5 M 11. 0.23 18. S.5 n 10. 0.24 27. 9.5 M 9. 0.27 22.

1C.5 M 11. 0.27 19. 11.5 M 12. 0.19 9. 12.5 m 11. 0.18 8. 13.5 * 9. 0.19 9. 14.5 M 9. 0.71 2.

II 21 41 II || 111 HI Ml HI TIMI AFTER «RRIVAl (MIMHTII)

Figure 27S. Coda characteristics, worldwide events, 45° to 10'

Reproduced from beil available copy

171

5

v V. V \// '•.' • •• •. \ ,* .

at it 40 it ii HI in TIMI AFTIR AMIVAl (MINHTIII

111

T|MF »wr, STC rcw nns 0." s . 0.22 67.

K.O s . ft.?' *7. ?'".0 s 0.21 tl. ^«,0 t- . P.2? 67. <.O.0 s , C.?1 «l7. sc.^ ^ r.2C *6.

»« , o.i«; 6.e. b . 0.21 ft3. M C.22 6' . M C.31 16. M 0.3S 9«. M 0.1C *7. M , 0.10 *C. M 0.30 3C. ■ C.34 23. M 0.31 i«;. M 0.29 i*. ■■» 0.27 i*. H 0.2<) 1C. M f .22 6, M C.l* *.

Ill

Figure 276. Coda characteristics, worldwide events, 80° to 105°.

173

• •

lOOr

K Ui CL

10

C9

>

2

i i i—r^n—r KAMCHATKA - KURILE ISLANDS

NP-NT (76aN. 11S*W)

NT DATA |5 0<mb<5S _

AVERAGE CURVE SOLOMON ISLANDS - NEW HEBRIDES

MUN (32°$. 116°!)

MUN DATA \6.0<mb<6 7

I I I I I I I I I 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 I 9 10 11 12

TIME AFTER P ARRIVAL (MINUTES)

Figure 277, P coda characteristics, Kamchatka-Kurile Islands (5.0<mb<5.8), NP-NT.

173

100

8

I I

I I I I I KAMCHATKA - KURILE ISLANDS

RK-ON N. S40W)

DATA \51<mb<58

AVERAGE CURVE ALASKA KON

(60*N, 9*E)

KON DATA fsi'sAs M* \5.7<inb<IJ

0123451719 10

TIME AFTER P ARRIVAL (MINUTES) n 12

' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' I I 3 Figure 278. p coda characteristics, Kamchatka-Kurile Islaj.di (5.0<mb<^.8)t RK-ON.

174 ii

■

I I I KAMCHATKA • KURILE ISLANDS

WMO (35*N. irw)

WMO DATA \5.1<Mk<S.I

- AVERAGE CURVE .KAMCHATKA • KURILE ISLANDS

1ST WN. 2I*E)

1ST DATA hrs&s so* \MsaislJ

E O I

I I I I ' I I I I I I 2 3 4 5 I 7 I • 10 11 12

TIME AFTER P ARRIVAL (MINUTES)

(sfü^flK SSo? Characteristi". Kamchatka-Kurile Islands

175

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