activity of russian federation on space ...1 federal space agency of russia vienna - february, 2007...

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FEDERAL SPACE AGENCY OF RUSSIA

Vienna - February, 2007

ACTIVITY OF RUSSIAN FEDERATIONON SPACE DEBRIS PROBLEM

44-th session of the Scientific and Technical Subcommittee

of the UN Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPOUS)

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• Federal Space Agency of Russia continues consecutive activity in the field of space debris problems. This work concerns the safety of spacecraft and International Space Station, the latest one in a especial meaning.

• The activity on debris mitigation is being carried out within the framework of Russian National Legislation, taking into account the dynamics of similar measures and practices of other space-faring nations.

• Since 2000 designers and operators of spacecraft and orbital stages are in charge to follow the requirements of Federal Space Agency Standard "Space Technology Items. General Requirements for Mitigation of Space Debris Population" in all projects of space vehicles being again developed.


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DYNAMICS OF LAUNCHES IN RUSSIA AND IN OTHER STATES AND ORGANIZATIONS


4*) – Emergency on February 28, 2006**) – Emergency on July 28, 2006

25Total: Circular1“Briz-�"" Rokot "13

Circular1" Shtil"12

Circular1 + 1**)" Dnepr"11Circular1“Start-1"10

Circular1" Kosmos-3M"9

Circular1“Tsiklon-2"8

Highly elliptic orbit1" Molniya-M"7

Circular1" Fregat""Soyuz-2 (1b)"6

Circular2" Fregat""Soyuz-2 (1a)"5

Circular2" Fregat""Soyuz-FG" 4Circular6“Soyuz-U”3

MEO3 + 1*)“Briz-M"“Proton-M"2Circular2“DM"“Proton-K"1

Type of OrbitNumber of Launchings

Apogee MotorLauncher Type�/�

Totally 25 launches of various purposes were realized by Russia in 2006The launchers used in 2006 are listed in the table.


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THE NET OF OPTICAL MEANS OF RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AND THE OTHER OBSERVATORIES FOR OBSERVATION OF SPACECRAFT AND SPACE DEBRIS IN

GEOSTATIONARY REGION

• The net of optical means consists of 12 observatories from Bolivia to Ussuriysk.

• Approximately 340º of geostationary ring could be observed.

• 161 new faint objects were found in GEO region and this number is equal to about 14.7% from total number of all cataloged geostationary objects.


Scientific optical network

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DANGEROUS CONJUNCTIONS WERE CALCULATED IN GEO REGION DURING 2006

Spacecraft Dangerous object Distance of approach,

km

Date of event

Relative velocity,

m / s

2003-053�

Yamal-202

2005-010F

SL-12

5,3

30.06.06

70

1996-034A

Gorizont 32

1991-079A

Cosmos -

2172

6,2

07.05.

190

1993-069A

Gorizont 28

2000-013A

Express 2A

7,6

04.01.06

420

2000-029A

Gorizont 33

1991-064A

Cosmos -

2155

7,9

17.08.06

350

2005-010A

Express AM-2

1982-044A

Cosmos -

1366

8,5

11.04.06

780

2004-015A

Express AM-11

1990-112A

Raduga 26

9,1

07.06.06

520


� 194 events were detected with approaches of cataloged GEO objects to Russian operational S/C up to distance less than 50 km.

� 10 events were detected with approaches up to distances less than 10 km that is comparable with errors of orbital parameters calculations.

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�� 11 �� 10 ��, !

230

240

250

260

270

280

290

300

24.3.06 6.8.07 18.12.08 2.5.10 14.9.11 26.1.13 10.6.14 23.10.15

DISPOSAL OF THE EMERGENCY S/C “EXPRESS AM-11” FROM GEO

• The emergency of “Express AM-11” took place on 29.03.2006.

• The prospective reason was a depressurization of a contour of the heat-carrier as a result of impact with mechanical object.

• Disposal of the emergency S/C from the protected GEO region was performed since 30.03.2006 till7.04.2006.


• 10 correction bursts was done totally. The first one was done by the correction engine. Another 9 bursts were done by using of engines of the orientation system.

• Orbital parameters of the S/C “Express AM-11” after disposal:� apogee - GEO + 324 km,� perigee - GEO + 266 km,� eccentricity = 0,00026.

Long term perigee evolution of the disposed “Express AM-11”

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ISS PROTECTION

• RSC ”Energia” worked out the numerical code “Spacecraft Protection” to calculate impact of meteoroid and SD to ISS.

• The results of calculation agree with code “Bumper” produced by NASA.

• The danger for ISS is estimated not more than 0,04% per year.

• The protection of the ISS Service Module is being enhanced by using of additional panels produced by Russia.

• By now the protection of cone part of the ISS Service Module have been enhanced by 6 additional panels. 17 panels of the same type have been delivered to ISS in 2006.

• After completion of this operation the protection of the ISS Service Module cone part will be at the same level as the protection of another ISS modules.


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DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIAN STANDARDS ON SPACE DEBRIS MITIGATION

Cooperation with ISO on Space Debris Mitigation

NATIONAL STANDARD«General Requirements

to Spacecraft and Orbital Stages on Space Debris Mitigation»

(Project)General space debris mitigation requirements

to design and operation of spacecrafts and orbital stages.Implementation of requirements

remains voluntary.

STANDARD (project)

ISO/WD/14N303Space systems –

Unmanned spacecraft,estimating mass of

remaining usable propellantThe proposal:

Measurements of fuel remaindersshould be included as reference

STANDARD (project)

ISO/WD/14N378Disposal of Satellites Operating

at Geosynchronous Altitude

The proposal:

the Standard should be basedon the «IADC Space Debris Mitigation

Guidelines»

STANDARD (project)

ISO/WD 24113Space Systems - Orbital Debris -Management for Debris Mitigation

The proposal:

To harmonize the Standard with STSC Space Debris Mitigation Document

SPECIAL TECHNICAL REGULATIONS

“Safety Requirements to Space Activity in conditions of Technogenic

Pollution of the Near-Earth Space”(Project)

Obligatory requirements to design and operation

of spacecrafts and orbital stages.


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The Forecast of Risk Events in Near Earth Space

The Forecast of Dangerous

Conjunctions

The Forecast of Particle Impact

Asteroid and Meteoroid Population and Risk

Assessment Modelling

Data Analysis, Catalogues Management, Decision - Making

Essential Data Output Data Presentations

Catalogues of Space Objects

Observational Data, etc.

Data Processing and the Operative Tasks Solution Software

TSNIIMASH, Mission Control Centre

Data from INTERNET

THE AUTOMATED RISK WARNING SYSTEM IN A NEAR-EARTH SPACE

DATA BASE

ROSCOSMOSNASA, ESA, another

AgenciesRussian Academy of Science, Ministry of

Defense, etc.


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INCONSISTENCY of the project of “UN COPUOS STSC SPACE DEBRIS MITIGATION GUIDELINES” andthe “UN PRINCIPLES RELEVANT TO THE USE OF NUCLEAR POWER SOURCES IN OUTER SPACE”

Principle 3., Items 2a., 2b.“(a) Nuclear reactors may be operated:

(i) On interplanetary missions;(ii) In sufficiently high orbits …..

…….(b) The sufficiently high orbit is one in which the

orbital lifetime is long enough to allow for a sufficient decay of the fission products to approximately the activity of the actinides....”

Guideline 6:“Spacecraft and launch vehicle orbital stages that have terminated their operational phases in orbits that pass through the LEO region should be removed from orbit in a controlled fashion. If this is not possible, they should be disposed of in orbits that avoid their long-term presence in the LEO region”.

Principle 3., Item 1d.The reliability of systems important for safety shall be ensured, inter alia, by redundancy, physical separation, functional isolation and adequate independence of their components.

Guideline 4:“….the intentional destruction of any on-orbit spacecraft and launch vehicle orbital stages or other harmful activities that generate long-lived debris should beavoided”.

The “UN PRINCIPLES RELEVANTTO THE USE OF NUCLEAR POWER SOURCES

IN OUTER SPACE”

The project of “UN COPUOS STSC SPACE DEBRIS MITIGATION GUIDELINES”

(STSC Num. A/AC.10S/C.1/L.284)

Joint session of Working Group on Space Debris and Working Group on the Use of Nuclear Power Sources in Outer Space is desirable to agree the project

of “UN COPUOS STSC SPACE DEBRIS MITIGATION GUIDELINES”

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SUMMARY

� The Russian Federation is devoted to the international efforts on space debris problem resolution and is already implementing practical steps on space debris mitigation on a voluntary basis within its own national mechanisms.

� Russian NATIONAL STANDARD «General Requirements to Spacecraft and Orbital Stages on Space Debris Mitigation» and SPECIAL TECHNICAL REGULATIONS “Safety Requirements to Space Activity inconditions of Technogenic Pollution of the Near-Earth Space” are under development.

� The Russian Federation is convinced that development of space debris mitigation guidelines of the Scientific and Technical Subcommittee of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space is the essential input in developing of an internationally approved measures to protect near-Earth space environment.

activity of russian federation on space ...1 federal space agency of russia vienna - february, 2007...

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