Acids Acids & &

BasesBasesProperties and Properties and

IndicatorsIndicators

Properties

• electrolyte

• turn litmus red

• sour taste• slippery feel

• turn litmus blue

• bitter taste• sticky feel

• electrolyte

• react with bases to form water and a salt (ionic compound)

• react with acids to form water and a salt (ionic compound)

Acids Affect Indicators:

Blue litmus paper turns red in contact with an acid.

Bases affect indicators:

Red litmus paper turns blue in contact

with a base. Phenolphthalein turns pink in a

base.

ACIDS: Most citrus fruits, tea, battery acid, vinegar, milk, soda, apples.

BASES: Common household bases include baking soda, lye, ammonia, soap, and antacids.

.

Examples

pH = -log[H+]

pH Scale

0

7INCREASING

ACIDITY NEUTRALINCREASING

BASICITY

14

pouvoir hydrogène (Fr.)“hydrogen power”

pH is the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration

pH Scale

pH Scale

pH of Common SubstancespH of Common SubstancespH of Common SubstancespH of Common Substances

Titration

• TitrationTitration– Analytical method in

which a standard solution is used to determine the concentration of an unknown solution.

standard solution

unknown solution

• Equivalence point Equivalence point (endpoint)(endpoint)– Point at which equal amounts of H+

and OH- have been added.– Determined by…

• indicator color change

Titration

• dramatic change in pH

Acids Bases

H+ ions- Hydrogen ions OH- ions- hydroxide ions

H3O+ ions- Hydronium ions

Proton donor Electron donor

Molarity

• Molarity= moles of a substance/liter water

• Molarity= M

• Ex. 18M Sulfuric acid means that there are 18 moles of sulfuric acid per one liter of water

• Molarity deals with liquid solutions