accelerator science roger barlow epsrc visit 6 th december 2007
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Accelerator Science
Roger Barlow
EPSRC Visit
6th December 2007
EPSRC Visit 6th Dec 2007 Roger Barlow: Accelerator Science Slide 2
Accelerators
• Developed for particle physics
• Now used by many communities in physics, chemistry and medicine
EPSRC Visit 6th Dec 2007 Roger Barlow: Accelerator Science Slide 3
UK Accelerator R & D
Cockcroft Institute
At Daresbury
Founded by
PPARC, NWDA
Universities of Manchester (RB + Roger Jones + Rob Appleby), Liverpool, Lancaster
Staff working on high energy and low energy and generic accelerator physics
Including the nsFFAG…
EPSRC Visit 6th Dec 2007 Roger Barlow: Accelerator Science Slide 4
2 Basic types - limitations
Cyclotron
Low energies
Synchrotron
Low current/duty cycle
EPSRC Visit 6th Dec 2007 Roger Barlow: Accelerator Science Slide 5
The FFAG design
Ring like a synchrotronStrong Focussing
(‘Alternating Gradient’)Orbit changes with energyDipole field increases with
particle energy, but through path variation not time variation
B/t not dB/dt
EPSRC Visit 6th Dec 2007 Roger Barlow: Accelerator Science Slide 6
The NS-FFAG‘Scaling’: constant orbit shape
Gives constant betatron tune, so can keep away from integers (same-kick-every-cycle resonance)
Abandon scaling principle – lose control of tune. Fall into resonance. Does it matter?
EPSRC Visit 6th Dec 2007 Roger Barlow: Accelerator Science Slide 7
Argument
If the tune changes rapidly, resonances don’t have time to destroy the beam.
Rapid acceleration: Big turn-to-turn variation
Plausible but needs verifying
Advantages (if it works)
• Simpler magnets (Bx not B Rk)
• Smaller beam pipe
EPSRC Visit 6th Dec 2007 Roger Barlow: Accelerator Science Slide 8
The nsFFAG
Advantages • Cheap, simple DC magnets. • Compact design (better than scaling FFAG)• High repetition rate and duty cycle• Rapid acceleration• High acceptance• Permanent magnets (?)• Continuous operation (?)
‘Cyclotron currents at Synchrotron energies’ Disadvantages • Nobody’s built one yet
EPSRC Visit 6th Dec 2007 Roger Barlow: Accelerator Science Slide 9
CONFORM
Project: Construction of a Nonscaling FFAG for Oncology, Research and Medicine
Bid to “Basic Technology” Programme (EPSRC administered) by BASROC consortium
• Build EMMA: 20 MeV electron prototype to demonstrate principle (£3.8M + £1.8M)
• Design PAMELA: clinical machine for hadron therapy(£0.8M)
• Investigate other applications (Hadron therapy, Cell irradiation studies, solar wind simulator, Accelerator Driven Thorium Reactors, Proton drivers for muon/neutron sources, Muon accelerator for neutrino factory) (£0.4M)
Bid successful! Started 1st April 2007 for 3½ years
EPSRC Visit 6th Dec 2007 Roger Barlow: Accelerator Science Slide 10
The Consortium
• Manchester/Cockcroft – Coordination
• CCLRC+Cockcroft – EMMA Construction
• Liverpool/Cockcroft – Magnets
• Oxford/John Adams – PAMELA design
• Oxford/Gray Cancer Institute + Birmingham + Imperial + Glasgow – PAMELA and Hadron therapy applications
• Surrey+Leeds – general applications
EPSRC Visit 6th Dec 2007 Roger Barlow: Accelerator Science Slide 11
EMMA
Proof of principle machine
10 to 20 MeV electrons
42 cells
~16m circumference
RF every other cell
1.3GHz, TESLA frequency
magnets ~ 5cm x 2.5cm aperture
EPSRC Visit 6th Dec 2007 Roger Barlow: Accelerator Science Slide 12
EMMA at Daresbury
EPSRC Visit 6th Dec 2007 Roger Barlow: Accelerator Science Slide 13
EMMA Magnets
Magnet prototypes produced by TESLA
Being measured and understood
Production magnets (almost) ordered: delivery Summer 08
EPSRC Visit 6th Dec 2007 Roger Barlow: Accelerator Science Slide 14
EMMA RF
Normal conductingsingle cell
re-entrant cavity design
Cavity machined form 3 pieces and EB welded at 2 locations
Capacitive post tuner
Probe
Coolant channels
Input coupling loop
EVAC Flange
Aperture Ø 40 mm
110 mm
Prototypes ordered – Delivery January
OJEC notice December
Place contract March
Delivery June-August 2008
EPSRC Visit 6th Dec 2007 Roger Barlow: Accelerator Science Slide 15
EMMA summary
Final Design Review Daresbury 10-11 Dec
Main components on site by 1st Aug 08
Assembly on girders June 08-Jan 09
Assembly in hall Jan -May 09
Installation and testing Jun-Aug 09
Operation in September 09
EPSRC Visit 6th Dec 2007 Roger Barlow: Accelerator Science Slide 16
PAMELA
Long wish-listBuilders and
users (medical community) in discussions about how to achieve all of these
Prove proton NSFFAG works
Provide ~40 MeV protons for cell studies
Provide ~300 MeV protons for therapy
Provide ~40 MeV/N He and C for cell studies
Provide ~450 MeV/N He and C for therapy
EPSRC Visit 6th Dec 2007 Roger Barlow: Accelerator Science Slide 17
PAMELA
• Clinical Hadron Therapy machine, probably at Oxford
• Carbon is essential. Proton solution is commercially available.
• 3-ring solution (Keil and Trbojevic) or 1 ring (Koscielniak and Johnstone)
• Workshop next summer to settle final parameters
EPSRC Visit 6th Dec 2007 Roger Barlow: Accelerator Science Slide 18
Applications
• Cell Irradiation – Surrey post filled. Answer questions about dosage, Ion types, etc
• ADSRs – Manchester+Leeds. Additional grant from EPSRC Energy call to look at possibilities for use of FFAG in an ADSR, for power and waste disposal.
• Neutrons: Leeds post now being advertised
EPSRC Visit 6th Dec 2007 Roger Barlow: Accelerator Science Slide 19
3 years time
• Working machine for studying nsFFAG behaviour
• Full design for PAMELA that we can take to MRC/NHS
• Portfolio of other NS-FFAG designs for different communities of accelerator users
EPSRC Visit 6th Dec 2007 Roger Barlow: Accelerator Science Slide 20
A word on eScience
• We run a 1800 CPU Grid centre for LHC reconstruction with spare capacity for other users ( e.g. biomed). Making this usable for other communities could be a useful investment
• We develop grid software for authorisation and security. GridSite is an easy to use web access system using certificates rather than passwords. We would like to make this widely available
EPSRC Visit 6th Dec 2007 Roger Barlow: Accelerator Science Slide 21
Finally
• Aspects of Accelerator Science come under the EPSRC umbrella
• There will be further involvement with EPSRC from Manchester/Cockcroft